Traditional Community Management System to climate Variability : Case of common Property Resources in

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1 Traditional Community Management System to climate Variability : Case of common Property Resources in Thar desert of Western Rajasthan Resources accessible to and collectively owned/held/managed by community and on which no individual has exclusive property rights are called common property resources. Presented by: Rucha Dande Source: Common Property Resources in India GOI, Report No. 452(54/31/4), NSS 54th Round January 1998 June

2 Study area Methodology Identification of study areas As per the organizations requirement 20 villages in each district Undertaking questionnaires with focused groups in 20 villages of Barmer and Rajasthan Districts of Rajasthan. Focused Group Discussions, participatory mapping, visual documentation, Literature review Interventions and Recommendations

3 Oran (ओरण) Oran is a donation of land to a deity. 25,000 sacred groves(oran) and other sanctified ecosystems in the state. They vary from 0.1 hectares to 500 hectares. Oran with the water body or naadi Gocchar (ग चर) Gocchar is a common grazing land of the villages which is so embarked by the revenue officials. A gocchar is usually located in the Gocchar near a Naadi catchment area. 3 Source: Common Property Resources in India GOI, Report No. 452(54/31/4), NSS 54th Round January 1998 June 1998

4 Oran & Gocchar Gumpa CPR land is 15% of geographical area in India. Rajasthan has the highest percentage of common property land (22% or 12,00,000 hectares). Devrai 98% of CPL is non- forest. Ataafan Kabu Kokil Kadu Source: National Sample Survey (54th round, 1998) preliminary 4

5 aim To study the coping mechanism of the community to climate variability through local management practices in common property resources (CPR). objective To study the impact of climate variability on Common Property Resources. To study the existing socio-economic structures and identifying the issues Understanding the institutional frame work, its functioning and gaps To study the prevalent sustainable practices and changing trends in the same. scope of work Temporal scope: 2 Months Physical scope: 2 Districts of Rajasthan Limitationsit ti Time, language, accessibility

6 Building material Aak, Saniya, Khimp Flora Ker,bordi,fog,khejri,jaal Fauna Sheep, camel, peacocks

7 Climate change in Rajasthan Rainall in mm m Rainfall in mm Year Maximum Annual Rainfall Years Maximum Annual Rainfall Rainfall over 30 years in Barmer District Rainfall over 30 years in Jodhpur District The model projections for mean annual surface air temperature in Rajasthan indicate an increase by 2 4 ºC for the period Mean annual rainfall is predicted to decrease slightly, whereas the extreme rainfall is expected to increase in frequency and intensity. Source: state action plan on Climate change, GOI Rajasthan, 2010

8 Community Management Everyday one person from a family was appointed Development of any kind is prohibited The Naadi in common lands can only be used for drinking. Camel,, sheep, cows and buffaloes can graze Wood from dried trees used for firewood but the trunks handed over to the Panchayat. Penalty The family is supposed to feed 2 sacs of grains to the birds as a punishment. Person/family boycotted by the village 8

9 ISSUES

10 ENCROACHMENT ENCROACHMENT Deteriorating conditions No importance of gocchars Shrinking common lands Decreasing trees Extinction of the common lands POPULATION INCREASE Lesser area for cultivation li i Shrinking need for the common lands Division of land Less fodder no animal husbandry 10

11 Changing local practices MECHANIZATION Diminishing need of livestock Availability in the markets Tractor farming less fooder required Deteriorating conditions of the common lands 11

12 Changing stake Rajputs Present Panchayat and forest department Pastoralists Large landowners Middle Farmer Weaker sections Service Past CHANGING STAKES Limited stake people with other source of income Weaker sections Pastoralists a s s Lose Management practices Land under the FD and Panchayat Minimum involvement of the community Source: Dalit Mobilization for Stake in CPRs Unnati 12

13 Issue due to Climate Change CLIMATE CHANGE/ VARIABILITY Reduction in feed and fodder Reduction in plant cover/tree cover Deteriorating common lands Meanannual annual surfaceair air Highhuman human Reduction in Diminishing temperature increase by 2 4 ºC for the period and livestock pressures feed and fodder local practices of agriculture/ livestock rearing Source: Rajasthan State Action Plan on Climate Change, GOI Rajasthan,2010

14 Replantation of Gocchar land Case study of Dayakor village The village Panchayat had come up with a very useful decision to revitalize the gocchar land in the village in order to avoid desertification of the Naadi present in the gocchar. Stabilization of sand dunes InI order to stabilize the sand dunes in these areas and avoid desertification of the common lands the forest department has come up with schemes through which the sand dunes are planted with trees and grass of local species. 14

15 Recommendations Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties) In the case of larger common-pool resources, organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decisionmaking process Climate Change adaptation Solutions Work Best When They're Local Elinor Ostorm Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules 15 Source: Ostrom, Elinor (1990). Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action.

16 Each man is locked into a SYSTEM that compels him to INCREASE his herd without limit in a world that is LIMITED. RUIN is the destination towards which all men rush, each pursuing HIS OWN BEST interest in a society that believes in the FREEDOM OF THE COMMONS.' ' Tragedy Of The Commons, Garret Hardin,1962 Thank you. 16