RURAL-URBAN INTERACTION: A CASE STUDY OF HARIDW AR DEVELOPMENT REGION CONTENTS

Transcription

1 RURAL-URBAN INTERACTION: A CASE STUDY OF HARIDW AR DEVELOPMENT REGION CONTENTS Acknowledgement Contents List of Tables List of Maps List of Figures Page No iii ix xii xiv Chapter-I INTRODUCTION Introduction I 1.2 Rural-Urban Interaction: A Concept Defmitions Review of Literature I(i) Theories on Rural-Urban Interaction (ii) Other Related Studies I (a) Studies on Demographic Structure (b) Studies on Land Use pattern 10 I.3.2(c) Studies on Functional Base 12 I.3.2(d) Studies on Morphology and Internal Structure of Urban Settlements I (e) Studies on the Influence ofthe City on its Region 16 I.3.2(f) Studies on the City-Hinterland Relationship I Approach to the Study Objectives of the Study Hypotheses Data Base and R~earch Methodology 26 I. 7. I Secondary Sources 26 I. 7.2 Primary Sources 26 I. 7.3 Methodology 27 I. 7.4 Questionnaire of the Study Organisation ofthe Study 30 CHAPTER II HARIDWAR DEVELOPMENT REGION: A REGIONAL PROFILE IntroduCtion A Brief History of the City I Mythological History History from Govt. Records A Regional Profile Location and Extent Administrative Divisions Physical Profile I Physiography, Relief and Drainage 5 I Drainage System Ground Water Geology Climate Natural Vegetation Land Utilisation 57 Ill

2 2.6 Demographic Profile Growth of Population (a) Urban Growth Rate (b) Growth Rate in Rural Areas Density of Population Migration 2.7 Social Structure Scheduled Tribe Population Scheduled Caste Population Literacy Female Literacy Sex Ratio 2.8 Economic Profile Work Participation Ratio Work Participation Ratio in Broad Industrial Categories Industries 2.9 Level of Infrastructural Facilities in the region (a) Settlements having high level of infrastructural facilities 2.9.I (b) Settlements having medium level of infrastructural facilities (c) Settlements having Low level of infrasturctural facilities Relationship between Infrastructural facilities and its DetminantS 2.10 Summary CHAPTER III LAND USE PAITERN: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Land Use Patterns Forest Area Forest Area Cultivated Area Cultivated Area Cultivable W asteland Cultivable Wasteland Area Not Available for Cultivation Area Not Available for Cultivation Land Use Changes ( ) Changes in Forest Area ( ) Changes in Cultivated Land ( I) Changes in Cultivable Wasteland ( ) Changes in Area Not Available for Cultivation ( ) 3.4- Interdependence oflanduse Variables and its Determinants ( ) 3.5 Spatial Pattern of Land Use Change in Rural Settlements Change in land use pattern in Jagjeetpur village (a) Cultivated Land (b) Cultivable wasteland (c) Area not available for cultivation Change in _land use pattern in Puranpur village (a) Cultivated Land (b) Cultivable Wasteland (c) Area Not Available for Cultivation Comparison of Land Use Changes in two Villages 3.6 Land Use Pattern in Haridwar Urban Agglomeration (UA) Residential land Use Area under Trade and Commerce a. Retail Business Region II I IV

3 b. Wholesale Business Region Industrial Land Use Area under Community Facilities and Services Area under Transport Facilities Land Use under Government and Semi-Government Offices Land Use under Religious and Tourist Activities Open Space Functional and Economic Structure of the City 3.7- Changing Face of Agriculture Number of Land Holdings Size ofland Holdings Classification of Farmers Status of Land Holdings under Different Cultivation System General Cropping Pattern (i) Zone wise cropping pattern 3.8- Livestock General Distribution of Livestock Animal Care - Their Management Consumption and Distribution of Milk 3.9- Summary CHAPTER IV PATTERN OFRURAL-URBAN INTERACTION 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Objectives 4.3 Pattern of Rural Urban Interaction (Based on Secondary Data) Gravity Model: A Concept 4.3 (i) Data Source 4.3 (ii) Methodology Total Interaction Index (i) First Order (ii) Second Order (iii) Third Order (iv) Fourth Order (v) Fifth Order Haridwar Interaction Index (i) First Order (ii) Second Order (iii) Third Order (iv) Fourth Order (v) Fifth Order Rural Interaction Index (i) First Order (ii) Second Order (iii) Third Order (iv) Fourth Order (v) Fifth Order 4.4 Pattern of Rural Urban Interaction (Based on Field Data) Physical Linkages- Determinants ofrurai-urban Interaction (i) Traffic and Transportation Radials (ii) Availability of public transport facility (iii) Principal Modes of Transport used to travel to the study (iv) Cost of Travel to the City v

4 4.4.1(iv-a) Travel Cost by Public Transport (v) Availability of Marketing Facilities Visits to the Nearest City (i) Distance to the City (ii) Frequency of Visit to the City (iii)a verage Journey time from Home to the City Interaction Based on Level of Facilities (Goods/Services) Criterion of classification of level of facilities (i) Interaction for Lower Order Goods (ii) Interaction for Lower Order Services (iii) Interaction for Higher Order Goods (iv) Interaction for Higher Order Services Interaction Based On Type of Facilities Classification of Major Linkage Types (i) Population movement linkages (Journey to work) (ii) Service Delivery Linkages (a) Interaction for Education Facilities (b) Interaction for Health care Facilities (iii) Agricultural Inputs and Sale of Agricultural Products (a) Linkages for Agricultural Inputs (b) Linkages for Marketing Agricultural Products (iv) Political, Administrative and Organisational Linkages (v) Financial Facilities (vi) Social Interaction (a) Religious Activities (b) Entertainment Linkages (c) Social Gathering Overall Interaction Index (i) High Level oflnteraction (ii) Medium Level oflnteraction (iii) Low Level oflnteraction Interdependence of Level of Interaction and Its Determinants 4.5 Dependency of Urban Areas on Surrounding Rural Region Dependency on Rural Settlements for Milk and Agriculture Products Dependency for Labour Dependency for Commercial Vehicles Dependency for Building & ConstrUction Materials Location of Various Other Activities Raw Materials and Finished Products Dependency of City for Education Facilities Development of Residential Colonies 4.6 Summary CHAPTERV DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES 5.1 Introductio~ 5.2 -Demographic Changes in HDR Growth Rate of Population Density of Population Changing Sex RatiO 5.3 Migration Pattern Origin of Migrants 5.:;.2 Origin and Year of Migration Year of Migration Residential Status of Migrants VI

5 5.3.5 Reasons for Migration 5.4. Commercial and Industrial Establishments 5.4.I. Type of Establishments Residence of Establishment Owners Location ofestabiishments Dependency of Establishment on the City 5.5 Land Prices 5.5.I Land Sale Different Agencies Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Land Prices 5.6 Socio-Economic Changes Occupational Structure Occupation Structure based on Secondary Data Occupational Structure based on Field Observations (i) Analysis of Workers in Three Broad Categories (ii) Micro Level Analysis Population Engaged in Supplementary Occupation Variations in the Occupation Structure of Migrants and Non-migrant Changes in Occupation Structure Occupation wise Shift of Workers Reason for Change in Occupation Structure Diversification of Occupation Structure 5. 7 Economic Status of Population 5. 7.I General Per -capita Expenditure Commodity Wise Average Monthly Expenditure Class-wise Per Capita Expenditure Item wise Inter Zonal Variation 5.8 Availability of Various Household Assets and Quality of Life 5.8.I Level of Quality of life in Sample Villages Zone-wise Inter-Class Variations in Quality of Life Intra Class Variations 5.9 Changes in Education Level 5.9.I General Literacy Level (197I-200 I) Level of Education Population Attending Education Institutions Ratio of School Going Children Attending Government and Private Schools Reasons for Not Attending the School 5.10 Summary CHAPTER VI HOUSING, HOUSEHOLD AMENITIES AND ENVIRONMENT 6.1 Housing and Household Amenities Nature ofhouses 6.I.2 Housing Structure and Functional Status ofhouses 6.I.3 Size of Accommodation Use ofhouses 6.2 Household Amenities 6.2.I Type of Kitchen Cooking Fuel Drinking Water: Source and Quality Electricity Bathroom Facilities Toilet Facilities Type of Toilets I I :no vii

6 6.3 Environmental Degradation Overcrowding (Congestion) Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal Encroachment of Roads and Public Land (Structural Changes} 6.4 Perception of People on Various Issues of the Village Perception of land holders on sale of agricultural land problem Faced by Farmers in Agriculture Effects of Land Use Changes (land Sale) on the Landless Effects oflncreasing Commercial and Industrial Establishments Interaction of Migrants with Local Population Role of Migrants in Changing the Culture of the Viilage Negative role of migrants 6.4.8Perception of People for Preference of Visit to the City Quality is Not Satisfactory Price difference of the commodities Personal Satisfaction Visiting city for other works Perception of People Regarding Factors Affecting the Accessibility to the City Long Distance Lack of Public Transport Facilities Condition of Road High Travel Cost Impact of Large Floating Population Positive Impact Negative Impact No Impact 6.5Summary CHAPTER VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 7.1 Summary 7.2 Conclusion 7.3 Suggestions Bibliography Annexure Abbreviations Glossary Photographs viii