Barley Production and Research Trends in Australia

Transcription

1 Barley Production and Research Trends in Australia 12 th February 2011

2 Overview Australian crop production environment Production trends Area sown Productivity Changes to the structure of plant breeding Recent context Privatisation Trends in crop research New National policy framework Recent initiatives

3 Rainfall Deficits and Temperature Extremes are Typical Slide 2

4 Diverse and Typically Poor Soil Types Calcarosols Kandosols Vertisols Sodosols Extremes of ph, elemental toxicities, micronutrient deficiencies, low water holding capacity, nematodes, rhizoctonia. Slide 3

5 Diverse and Variable Production Australian average 1 barley yield = 1.54 t/ha Ave cereal yield 2 NZ 7.6 Fra 6.9 China 5.1 Can 3.0 India 2.3 Aus 2.0 Syria year mean (ABARE) 2 NationMaster.com Slide 4

6 Production Trends On Farm Issues Consolidation of farms Not dominated by corporate farming, mostly expansion of successful family businesses Larger equipment (Speed of sowing & harvest) Crop rotations vs short term profitability (or risk!!) Area sown to canola is modest and variable Eg 2010: early season rain + high canola prices = area Similar regional effects on lupins, lentils & chickpeas Perceived probability of achieving malt1 National average only ~ 50 60% Relative pricing of feed barley Slide 5

7 Australian Area Sown to Barley Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics Slide 6

8 Annual Barley Production Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics Slide 7

9 Australian Barley Yield as a 5 Year Rolling Mean Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics Slide 8

10 Australian Barley Productivity Compared to Wheat year rolling mean of ABARE barley yield as a function of wheat Slide 9

11 New Varieties toprovide Further Productivity Increases Grain Yield % Schooner Long term analysis of National Variety Trials in Mallee environments Slide 10

12 Novel Variety Developments Hindmarsh - The new food grade barley Scope The worlds first imidazolinone tolerant barley In the next 18 months; Contract production of a null lipoxygenase variety Release of a wild barley derived feed variety (ABQTL) Release of a low fermentability variety with >84% extract Slide 11

13 All is Well So it Must be Time to Restructure!!! Slide 12

14 Barley Breeding Pre 2005 Slide 13

15 Barley Breeding Australia 2006 to 2011 BBA BBA BBA North South West Slide 14

16 Investment in Public Sector Barley Breeding Slide 15

17 End Point Royalties Commercialisation of Breeding > 90% of Australian cereal production is from farmer saved seed Provision for EPR s made in the Plant Breeders Rights legislation Also use contracts with growers made at time of seed sale Royalties paid at first point of sale of grain Rates range from $1 to $3 per tonne Total value proposition of $7 - $21M Equivalent to previous public sector investment Financial and governance disciplines of private sector expected to drive efficiency and reduce overhead costs Slide 16

18 Post 30 th June 2011 A commercial environment Intergrain Pty Ltd (WA state gov, GRDC & Monsanto) GrainSearch Inc / Syngenta Carlsberg and Heineken Breweries Sapporo Breweries Seed Distributers MaltEurop SeedMark / Nickersons The University of Adelaide ** Queensland state government has tendered for private investment to support barley breeding in the northern region Slide 17

19 Australian Grains Industry Total Factor Productivity Growth index to : 2.3% to : 4.1% to : 0.9% Source: ABARE Slide 18

20 National Grains RD&E Framework Significant financial pressure on all public R&D expenditure in competition to hospitals, schools and roads. Restructure of State responsibilities and investment to improve National research efficiency National agreement on Major, Support and Link responsibilities across State Departments in the context of University and CSIRO capabilities Part of a broader strategy addressing all major disciplines (eg Victoria to lead dairy R&D, Queensland to lead beef, South Australia to lead wine etc) Promotes support for National Centres of Excellence rather than contributions from a broader range of organisations significant implications for funding policies. Risk of reduced total expenditure as agencies seek to exploit Link status Slide 19

21 Trends in Barley Research Activity Significant field trials of GM barley (& wheat) Increasing emphasis on plant physiology Interrogating function of cloned genes Plant accelerator capability Increasing activity in quality ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Cell Walls ($31M) Commercial investment in novel traits New GRDC Investments Alpha amylase variation Biochemistry of modification & fermentability Increasing malt extract Slide 20

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