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1 Supplementary information Epigenetic silencing of retinoblastoma gene regulates pathologic differentiation of myeloid cells in cancer Je-In Youn, Vinit Kumar, Michelle Collazo, Yulia Nefedova, Thomas Condamine, Pingyan Cheng, Alejandro Villagra, Scott Antonia, Judith C. McCaffrey, Mayer Fishman, Amod Sarnaik, Pedro Horna, Eduardo Sotomayor, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich

2 a Bone marrow Spleen Blood b Spleen Bone marrow 4T1 LLC c Granulocytic 9 Monocytic Granulocytic 5 Monocytic 3 1 4T1 LLC Naïve 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk Naïve 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk Naïve 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk Naïve 2 wk 3 wk 4 wk Monocytic Granulocytic Control K ras/cc1 Supplemental Figure 1. Expansion of PMN-MDSC and M-MDSC in different types of cancer. a proportion of MDSC populations (PMN-MDSC-granulocytic; M-MDSC monocytic) in different sites during tumor progression ( after tumor inoculation); b absolute number of MDSC; LLC- Lewis lung carcinoma, 4T1 mammary adenocarcinoma, c proportion of MDSC in mice with K-ras/CC1 spontaneous lung cancer

3 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 BrdU 1.3% 18.9% 24.9% 21.4% 22.% M-MDSC DAPI BrdU.2%.1%.1%.1%.6% PMN-MDSC DAPI Supplemental Figure 2. Proliferation of M-MDSC and PMN-MDSC in vitro. BrDU taining sorted BM MDSC cultured with GM-CSF and tumor explant supernatants for 5 days. Cells proliferation was evaluated after 4-h pulse with BrDU.

4 a b <FITC-A>: Ly6C Ly6C <FITC-A>: F4/8 F4/ <APC-A>: CD11c CD11c <PE-A>: Ly6G Ly6G <PE-A>: Gr-1 Gr <PE-A>: Gr-1 Gr-1 Supplemental Figure 3. Differentiation of M-MDSC in vitro. Differentiation CD11b + Ly6C hi Ly6G - M-MDSC from BM of 14 old k-ras/cc1 double transgenic mice. Cells were cultured for 5 days with 1 ng/ml GM-CSF with EL-4 TES. a The phenotype of gated CD11b + cells. b. Wright-Giemsa staining of the cells. Scale bar = 1 μm.

5 No primary antibody Spleen from WT mice Spleen from RB-KO mice Supplemental Fig. 4. Immunofluorescence staining of Rb in splenocytes. Rb1 staining of splenocytes from naïve wild-type and Rb1 KO mice (red fluorescence) and counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 1 µm.

6 Monocytes M-MDSC high high low low Supplemental Figure 5. Gating strategy for sorting of high and low monocytes and M-MDSC

7 Healthy donor SSC-A CD14 CD11b CD15 Cancer patient SSC-A CD33 SSC-A CD14 CD11b CD15 Supplemental Figure 6. Typical example of the analysis of cells in peripheral blood. Gating strategy of PMN-MDSC and M- MDSC in the blood of cancer patients and cells with the same phenotype in peripheral blood of healthy donor.

8 Healthy donor Healthy donor +TCM MM Patient MM Patient +TCM CD66b CD11b Supplementary Figure 7. Differentiation of CD14 + BM cells. Differentiation of CD14 + cells (more than 7% HLA-DR + ) sorted from BM of healthy donor or multiple myeloma patients and cultured for 5 days with GM-CSF with or without tumor-conditioned media from PCI-3 head and neck tumor cell line. Two experiments with the same results were performed.

9 relative expr of Hdac Expression of hdac2 scramble HDAC2 sirna HDAC1 sirna Relative exp of Hdac Expression of Hdac1 scramble HDAC1 sirna HDAC2 sirna Supplementary Figure 8. Silencing of HDAC-1 and HDAC-2 in MDSC with sirna. Expression of hdac1 and hdac2 in MDSC transfected with 1 nm of sirna specific for HDAC1 or HDAC2 or control (scramble) sirnas. Expression was evaluated by qrt-pcr in triplicates. Each experiment was performed twice.

10 Supplementary Table 1. Changes in the expression of Rb associated transcripts between M-MDSC and PMN- MDSC M-MDSC/PMN-MDSC Exp.1 Exp. 2 Genes Retinoblastoma binding protein 7 (Rbbp7) Retinoblastoma-like 1 (p17) Retinoblastoma binding protein 8 (Rbbp8) Retinoblastoma binding protein 4 (Rbbp4) Retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) M-MDSC and PMN-MDSC were isolated from spleens of EL-4 TB mice. Two micrograms of total RNA served as the mrna source for microarray analysis using Affymetrix gene chips. Scanned output files were analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Operating Software. Signal intensity was scaled to an average intensity of 5, prior to comparison analysis. Probe sets that yielded a change with a p-value less than.2 were identified as changed. A log base 2 transformation was applied to the data. Each array was normalized (centered) by extracting the median over the entire array. The table shows only selected data of transcripts associated with Rb that showed significant changes in two performed experiments.

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