Micro-CT as a tool for nanoporosity investigation of bone engineered scaffolds
|
|
- Elmer Gaines
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Micro-CT as a tool for nanoporosity investigation of bone engineered scaffolds K. Szlazak 1, J. Jaroszewicz 1, J. Idaszek 1, B. Ostrowska 1, Christian Hellmich 2, W. Swieszkowski 1 1 Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland 2 Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Austria Aims Nowadays medicine needs material to heal, unite and complete defects of the affected tissue. It often involves with creating three dimensional constructs. Biodegradable materials, which are currently available for bone tissue regeneration, still have limitations regarding their degradation rate. In this case there is a growing need for novel quantitative techniques for the characterization of nanoporoisty, which can appear after degradation process. One of this method is microcomputed tomography (micro-ct). It has a wide variety of applications in bioengineering varying from imaging, through 2D and 3D quantitative analysis to in situ tests. In comparison to conventional methods used for evaluation of degradation of tissue engineering products which are based on 2D visualization, the micro-ct not only allows the observation in all of orientations in non-destructive way, but also give an access to nanoporosity. The aim of this study was to show an application of micro-ct in quantitative analysis of nanoporosity in scaffolds during degradation process in vitro. Method As a novel composite for bone tissue engineering application, we consider scaffolds made of polycaprolactone (PCL, Sigma-Aldrich; USA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA, Resomer 855S; Boehringer Ingelheim; Germany) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Sigma-Aldrich, USA). Three components where used because of different biological, chemical and mechanical properties, Addition of PCL significantly increased initial ultimate tensile strength (UTS 0) and Young's modulus of the scaffolds. The PLGA was used as a biodegradable device. This polymer is composed of α-hydroxy acids and undergo relatively fast bulk erosion. The products of the hydrolytic degradation can be accumulated in the core of a device and released in a burst-like fashion into the surrounding environment. Due to the drop of ph, which in vivo can be as low as 2 units, a strong inflammatory reaction can be induced resulting in a local resorption of the bone. TCP is a component a human bone and is needed for tissue regeneration [1]. All of the scaffolds, with customized geometry and controlled internal architecture were fabricated using rapid prototyping method (Bioscaffolder, Syseng, Germany). Cylinder-like samples with elliptic hole (Fig. 1), diameter of 6 mm, height of 10 mm and with an average pore size of µm were obtained.
2 Figure 1. A cylindrical 3D model of scaffold with elliptic hole (a, SolidWorks 2012) and 3D reconstruction of 3D printed scaffold The degradation study was carried out in (PBS). The specimens were sterilized under UV light and subsequently incubated in 15 ml of PBS at 37 C for a period of 56 days. The PBS was replaced after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. At each time point on average 8 samples were removed from PBS and rinsed with deionized water. Composite scaffolds was scanned by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Phenom Pro-X, Netherlands). before (Fig. 3a, b) and after (Fig. 3c, d) degradation study. Fractures were done by pair of tweezers after 5 minutes cooling in liquid nitrogen [3]. Respective fracture (without coated) micrographs were taken at an accelerating voltage of 5 kv. These scaffolds after degradation study contain pores of two sizes: the larger ones are in the order of one to several micrometers ( micropores ), while the smaller ones have a characteristic size of less than one micrometer ( nanopores ).
3 Figure 3. Microstructure of composite scaffolds before (a surface, b fracture) and after (c surface, d fracture) eight week degradation in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In order to characterize the degradation process in 3D, advanced microcomputed tomography image analysis was used. Scaffolds were scanned by means of SkyScan 1172 (Bruker, Belgium) before and after degradation study with the same scanning parameters. The X-ray tube voltage was 40kV and current was 250 µa. Resolution was 9.93 μm, performing a 180-degree rotation with a step size of 0.2 degrees and 10 frames were averaged for each rotation. Additionally, ring artefacts were reduced trough selection of a random movement amplitude of 50. The latest SkyScan (Bruker, Belgium) software (NRecon, DataViewer, CTAn, and CTVox) and ImageJ (1.49m, Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health, USA) was used to reconstruct and process images and to get virtual slices and volumes rendering reconstructions. In the reconstructed image slices, the voxel-specific X-ray attenuation coefficients µ are given in terms of gray values X, according to the linear relation (1): X = a μ + b (1)
4 with a and b as voxel-independent constants. Next, we translate such voxel-specific gray values to voxel-specific nanoporosities nano. Therefore, we consider the average rule for attenuation coefficients of composite materials [4,5,6], reading for our case as (2): μ = φ nano μ air + (1 φ nano )μ bm (2) with μ air as the X-ray attenuation coefficient of air filling the nanoporous space, and with μ bm as the X-ray attenuation coefficient of bulky material (µ bm = µ PCL = µ PLGA). Inserting (1) into (2) yields an average rule for gray values, reading as (3): X = φ nano X air + (1 φ nano )X bm (3) which can be transformed, as to provide the voxel-specific nanoporosity from gray values, in the form (4) (Dejaco et al. [7] formula): φ nano (X) = X deg X bm X air X bm (4) with X air as the gray value of an air-filled voxel, and X bm as the gray value of a voxel which is totally filled by dense PCL and PLGA, right peak, X bm=148 (Fig. 4, Ia). Xair=39 can be identified from the air peak of a gray value histogram (Fig. 4 Ia and Ib). X deg are reconstructed slices of scaffold after degradation study. PCL scaffolds had the same historgrams of gray values (Fig. 4 IIa and IIb) before and after degradation study, so in this case there is no nanoporosity in this resolution. Figure. 4. Reconstructed stack histogram of composite (I) and PCL (II) scaffolds before and after degradation Results
5 Total nanoporosity of the composite scaffold (Fig. 5) is known from the formula (4). The average value of the nanoporosity for this case is 13,4%, but for the whole of analysis samples this value is 12,41±1,11%. Distribution of nanoporosity can be also visualized in 3D (Fig. 6). The highest content of nanoporosity is on the crosses (Fig. 7) and in the inner (elliptic whole) and outer part of the scaffold. Figure. 5. Total nanoporosity of composite scaffold Figure 6. Three-dimensional visualisation of the nanoporosity distribution within the composite scaffold.
6 Figure 7. Nanoporosity distribution of the composite scaffold : 2D cross section (a) and 3D reconstruction (b). Conclusion Micro-CT ensure a careful assessment of a structure of bone scaffolds. Despite of micrometric resolution of reconstructed images, this tool gives an access to nanoscale based on gray value infomation. In addition to a microstructure observation of the entire volume of tested materials, micro-ct allows quantitative analysis of nanoporosity. Acknowledgments This work has been supported by the National Science Centre no. DEC- 2012/07/D/ST8/ References: 1. Idaszek J., Zinn M., Obarzanek-Fojt M., Zell V., Swieszkowski W., Bruinink A., Tailored degradation of biocompatible poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyvalerate)/calcium silicate/poly(lactide-co-glycolide) ternary composites: An in vitro study, Materials Science and Engineering: C, volume 33, issue 7, october 2013, pages Hubbel J. H., Seltzer S. M., Tables of X-ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients and Mass Energy-Absorption Coefficients from 1 kev to 20 MeV for Elements Z 5 1 to 92 and 48 Additional Substances of Dosimetric Interest (National Institute of Standards and Technologies, July 2004) Zawadzak E., Ryszkowska J., Struktura i właściwości nanokompozytów poliuretanowych otrzymywanych w wyniku zmiennego sposobu wprowadzania tlenku cyrkonu modyfikowanego metalami ziem rzadkich, Czasopismo Techniczne, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Krakowskiej, 6, pages , 2006,
7 4. Crawley E., Evans W., Owen G., A theoretical analysis of the accuracy of singleenergy CT bone measurements Physics in Medicine and Biology, 33 (10) (1988), pages Scheiner S., Sinibaldi R., Pichler B., Komlev V., Renghini C., Vitale-Brovarone C., Rustichelli F., Hellmich C., Micromechanics of bone tissue-engineering scaffolds, based on resolution error-cleared computer tomography, Biomaterials, 30 (12) (2009), pages Hellmich C., Kober C., Erdmann B., Micromechanics-based conversion of CT data into anisotropic elasticity tensors, applied to FE simulations of a mandible Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 36 (2008), pages Dejaco A. et al., From micro-ct to multiscale mechanics of double-porous hydroxyapatite granules for regenerative medicine, Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 45, Issue 6, pages , 2012
Investigations of fracture process in concrete using X-ray micro-ct
Investigations of fracture process in concrete using X-ray micro-ct Ł. Skarżyński 1, J. Tejchman 1 1 Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland, Aims The main objective of
More informationDepartment of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B Leuven, Belgium; 2
Micro-CT: a powerful tool for the characterization and evaluation of the bone formatting capacity of calcium phosphate stem cells tissue engineering constructs G. Kerckhofs 1,2, SJ. Roberts 2,3, M. Wevers
More informationApplication of computed tomography for an analysis of composite with fine dispersive reinforcement made of the Fe 65 Co 10 Ni 3 W 2 B 20 alloy
Volume 83 Issue 1 January 2017 Pages 17-22 International Scientific Journal published monthly by the World Academy of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering Application of computed tomography for an analysis
More informationEvaluation of a Testpiece for Porosity in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Evaluation of a Testpiece for Porosity in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers Johann KASTNER 1, Bernhard PLANK 1, Guruprasad RAO 1 1 University of Applied
More informationStudies on the Effect of Molecular Weight on the Degradation Rate of Biodegradable Polymer Membrane
, pp.390-394 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015. Studies on the Effect of Molecular Weight on the Degradation Rate of Biodegradable Polymer Membrane Yuying Xie 1, Jong-soon Park 2, Soon-kook Kang 1,1
More informationPrecision Measurement of Small Gap within Closed Components by Industrial Computed Tomography
ECNDT 006 - Poster 4 Precision Measurement of Small Gap within Closed Components by Industrial Computed Tomography Lingxia SUN, Ju LI, Yunchang YE, Aidong ZHANG, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang,
More informationQuantitative thickness measurement of dual layer materials using X-ray absorption-based technique
SIMTech technical reports Volume 8 Number 1 Jan - Mar 7 Quantitative thickness measurement of dual layer materials using X-ray absorption-based technique L. M. Sim and A. C. Spowage Abstract Gray levels
More informationValidation of Scaffold Design Optimization in Bone Tissue Engineering: Finite Element Modeling versus Designed Experiments
Validation of Scaffold Design Optimization in Bone Tissue Engineering: Finite Element Modeling versus Designed Experiments Nicholas Uth 1, Jens Mueller 2, Byran Smucker 3, Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi 1* 1 Department
More informationPolymer Nanocomposites for Medical Applications
Department of Bioengineering Liu Research Group www. Liugroup.org Polymer Nanocomposites for Medical Applications Huinan Liu, Ph.D. Department of Bioengineering Interdisciplinary Materials Science and
More informationEffects of TiO2 Contents on HA/TiO2 Composite Coating by Electrophoretic Deposition Lei Zhao, Huiping Shaoa, Hang Zheng
International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Engineering (ICMSE 2015) Effects of TiO2 Contents on HA/TiO2 Composite Coating by Electrophoretic Deposition Lei Zhao, Huiping Shaoa, Hang Zheng Institute
More informationOverview. Research area Most recent projects highlights. Dr. Elaheh Ghassemieh Mechanical Engineering Department University of Sheffield
Overview Research area Most recent projects highlights Dr. Elaheh Ghassemieh Mechanical Engineering Department University of Sheffield Research areas Nonwovens Novel materials and their processes Bio-composites
More informationMaterials and Methods
Key Engineering Materials Vols. 284-286 (2005) pp 333-336 Online available since 2005/Apr/15 at www.scientific.net (2005) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.333
More informationAbstract. Keywords: Tissue Engineering scaffolds, Automated Design, Advanced CAD Programming, Layer Manufacturing. 1. Introduction
AUTOMATED DESIGN OF TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLDS BY ADVANCED CAD E. Ramin* and R. A. Harris* * Rapid Manufacturing Research Group, Wolfson School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough
More informationPROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR THE RAPID FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE SCAFFOLDS BY SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR THE RAPID FABRICATION OF CELLULOSE ACETATE SCAFFOLDS BY SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING Gean V. Salmoria 1, Priscila Klauss 1, Janaina L. Leite 1, Rodrigo A. Paggi 1, Alexandre Lago
More informationMICRO-CT ANALYSIS. Related instrument: Leica EM CPD300 MATERIAL RESEARCH LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL MANU RESEARCH FACTURING
MATERIAL RESEARCH LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH Application Booklet MICRO-CT ANALYSIS Related instrument: Leica EM CPD300 INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL MANU RESEARCH FACTURING NATURAL RESOURCES 2. 3 X-RAY MICRO-COMPUTED
More informationMETHOD TO EVALUATE BIAXIAL STRETCH RATIOS IN STRETCH BLOW MOLDING
METHOD TO EVALUATE BIAXIAL STRETCH RATIOS IN STRETCH BLOW MOLDING Masoud Allahkarami 1, 2, Sudheer Bandla 2, and Jay C. Hanan 1 1 Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa,
More informationAustria. Material Matrix Matrix-density (g/cm 3 ) Fibre-diameter. Fibre-density
COMPARISON OF X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR CHARACTERISATION OF GLASS-FIBRE POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITES J. Kastner 1, E. Schlotthauer 1, P. Burgholzer 2, and D. Stifter 2
More information3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography
3D grain structures from X-ray diffraction contrast tomography W. Ludwig 1,2, A. King 2,3, G. Johnson 2,3, P. Reischig 2, S. Rolland 2, M. Herbig 1, E.M. Lauridsen 4 1 MATEIS, INSA-Lyon, France 2 ESRF,
More informationDiffraction Contrast Tomography. Unlocking Crystallographic Information from Laboratory X-ray Microscopy. Technical Note
Diffraction Contrast Tomography Unlocking Crystallographic Information from Laboratory X-ray Microscopy Technical Note Diffraction Contrast Tomography Unlocking Crystallographic Information from Laboratory
More informationArch. Metall. Mater. 62 (2017), 2B,
Arch. Metall. Mater. 6 (7), B, 9- DOI:.55/amm-7- B.-H. KANG*, M.-H. PARK**, K.-A. LEE*** # EFFECT OF STRUT THICKNESS ON ROOM AND HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPRESSIVE PROPEIES OF BLOCK-TYPE Ni-Cr-Al POWDER POROUS
More informationHYDROXYAPATITE - CHITOSAN BIOCOMPOSITES
HYDROXYAPATITE - CHITOSAN BIOCOMPOSITES Maria Ratajska, K. Haberko*, Danuta Ciechańska, Antoni Niekraszewicz, Magdalena Kucharska Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, Lodz, Poland e-mail: ibwch@ibwch.lodz.pl
More informationENGINEERING MECHANICS 2012 pp Svratka, Czech Republic, May 14 17, 2012 Paper #220
. 18 m 2012 th International Conference ENGINEERING MECHANICS 2012 pp. 239 244 Svratka, Czech Republic, May 14 17, 2012 Paper #220 DESIGN AND USE OF NOVEL COMPRESSION DEVICE FOR MICROTOMOGRAPHY UNDER APPLIED
More informationCold Spray Developments at UTRC
Hamilton Sundstrand Sikorsky Pratt & Whitney UTC Fire & Security Otis Elevator UTC Power Carrier Cold Spray Developments at UTRC Aaron Nardi United Technologies Research Center Cold Spray Action Team (CSAT)
More informationMI USA. 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
Evaluating UV/H 2 O 2 Exposure as a DEHP Degradation Treatment for Plasticized PVC Jeanne M. Hankett 1, Alexander Welle 2,3, Joerg Lahann 4, Zhan Chen 1 * 1 Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan,
More informationMechanical properties of a 3D braided carbon/epoxy composite
Mechanical properties of a 3D braided carbon/epoxy composite Juan Pazmino 1, Valter Carvelli 1, Stepan Lomov 2, Alexander E. Bogdanovich 3, Dmitri D. Mungalov 3, Ignaas Verpoest 2 1 Department of Structural
More informationCV 1/9 NAZNIN SULTANA, PhD. Dr. Naznin SULTANA
CV 1/9 NAZNIN SULTANA, PhD AFFILIATION Dr. Naznin SULTANA Senior Lecturer, Department of Biomechanics and Biomedical Materials, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering and Health Science, Universiti Teknologi
More informationNORIAN DRILLABLE TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH. Fiber reinforced calcium phosphate phate bone void filler
NORIAN DRILLABLE Fiber reinforced calcium phosphate phate bone void filler TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH INDICATIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS Drillable Drillable is intended for bony voids or defects of the extremities
More informationFocused Ion Beam CENTRE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE DE MICROSCOPIE ELECTRONIQUE. Marco Cantoni, EPFL-CIME CIME ASSEMBLEE GENERALE 2007
Focused Ion Beam @ CENTRE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE DE MICROSCOPIE ELECTRONIQUE Present situation and vision Marco Cantoni, EPFL-CIME Dual Beam Nova 600 Nanolab from FEI Company FE-SEM & FIB: Ga LMIS 4 Gas Injector
More informationScienceDirect. Analysis of the crack opening displacement of a surface crack using X-ray tomography
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Materials Science 3 ( 2014 ) 1908 1913 20th European Conference on Fracture (ECF20) Analysis of the crack opening displacement of a surface
More informationStudy on Estimation Methods of Applied Stress using Fractography Analysis
156 Study on Estimation Methods of Applied Stress using Fractography Analysis Hideaki Kaneko* 1 Hiroshi Ishikawa* 1 Takashi Konishi* 1 Masahiro Yamada* 1 The damage mode and applied stress must be estimated
More information8.4 BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON IMAGING OF POLISHED SECTIONS
8.4 BACKSCATTERED ELECTRON IMAGING OF POLISHED SECTIONS [ ] 8.4.1.2 Polishing 8.4.1.3 Coating It is very important to keep the sample in the desiccator to avoid carbonation. [. ]carbonate crystals formed
More informationA PVA_PCL_Bioglass Composite with Potential Implications for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering.
A PVA_PCL_Bioglass Composite with Potential Implications for Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Journal: 2009 MRS Fall Meeting Manuscript ID: Draft Symposium: Symposium RR Date Submitted by the Author:
More informationCHANGES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF PA 6 COMPOSITES FILLED BY GLASS FIBER UNDER DYNAMICAL LOADING
CHANGES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF PA 6 COMPOSITES FILLED BY GLASS FIBER UNDER DYNAMICAL LOADING A. Liber-Knec, S. Kuciel Krakow University of Technology, Division of Experimental Mechanics
More informationYANNY MARLIANA BINTI BABA ISMAIL LECTURER ABOUT ME. Address: 43, LRG SUTERA PRIMA 4, TMN SUTERA PRIMA, 13700, SEBERANG JAYA, PENANG.
YANNY MARLIANA BINTI BABA ISMAIL LECTURER Date of birth: 12 th September 1986 ABOUT ME Address: 43, LRG SUTERA PRIMA 4, TMN SUTERA PRIMA, 13700, SEBERANG JAYA, PENANG. Telephone: 04-3831717 (home), 019-7891209
More informationVersatile Core-Sheath Biofibers using Coaxial Electrospinning
Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 1094 2008 Materials Research Society 1094-DD06-02 Versatile Core-Sheath Biofibers using Coaxial Electrospinning Daewoo Han 1, Steven T. Boyce 2, and Andrew J. Steckl 1
More informationCHARACTARISTICS OF DAMAGE AND FRACTURE PROCESS OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS UNDER SIMULATED OPERATING CONDITIONS BY USING AE METHOD
CHARACTARISTICS OF DAMAGE AND FRACTURE PROCESS OF SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS UNDER SIMULATED OPERATING CONDITIONS BY USING AE METHOD KAZUHISA SATO 1), TOSHIYUKI HASHIDA 2), HIROO YUGAMI 3), KEIJI YASHIRO 1),
More informationASSESSING CREEP DAMAGE IN CAST MATERIAL FOR REFORMER TUBES UTILIZING MULTI-PARAMETER APPROACH
4th Middle East NDT Conference and Exhibition, Kingdom of Bahrain, Dec 2007 For all papers of this publication click: www.ndt.net/search/docs.php3?mainsource=57 ASSESSING CREEP DAMAGE IN CAST MATERIAL
More information3D printed Nanocellulosic materials and their composite
3D printed Nanocellulosic materials and their composite By Vincent Li 1, 2 Advised by Professor H.Qi 1,3, and Professor Y. Deng 1, 2 1 Renewable Bioproducts Institute 2 School of Chemical and Biomolecular
More informationPerformance estimation of a remote field eddy current method for the inspection of water distribution pipes
Performance estimation of a remote field eddy current method for the inspection of water distribution pipes Sophie Duchesne - INRS Centre Eau Terre Environnement Nabila Bouzida Jean-Pierre Villeneuve Degradation
More informationUsing nano-indentation and microscopy to obtain mechanical properties
Using nano-indentation and microscopy to obtain mechanical properties Mladena Luković, Erik Schlangen,Branko Šavija, Guang Ye, Oğuzhan Çopuroğlu Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering
More informationTissue Engineered Medical Products
WORKSHOP 8 Tissue Organizer: Jeremy J. Rawlinson PhD Speakers: Jack E. Lemons, PhD Lawrence J. Bonassar, PhD Mauro R. Alini, PhD Michael J. Yaszemski, MD, PhD Standards for Tissue J. Lemons, University
More informationF a b r i c a t i o n o f 3 D - p o r o u s s c a f f o l d s b y R a p i d P r o t o t y p i n g m e t h o d
1 1. Abstract The aim of the project is to optimize the parameters of a polymer deposition Rapid Prototyping (RP) machine in order to make compatible scaffolds of biodegradable polymers. The polymers used
More information3D In Vitro Living Systems for Biological Application
3D In Vitro Living Systems for Biological Application Hossein Hosseinkhani Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology (TAIWAN TECH), Taipei, Taiwan
More informationApplication Note #556 Corrosion Monitoring with Bruker 3D Optical Microscopes Fast, Accurate Metrology for Cost Savings in the Refining Industry
Corrosion Pit with Trace 3D NPFLEX SEM-like Corrosion Application Note #556 Corrosion Monitoring with Bruker 3D Optical Microscopes Fast, Accurate Metrology for Cost Savings in the Refining Industry Corrosion
More informationCell Culture Flasks DATA SHEET
DATA SHEET Cell Culture Flasks In research cell culture flasks are used as a matter of routine for the cultivation of eukaryotic cells. They are optimal products for adherent cells as well as for suspension
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Hemostat Gelatin Sponge for Surgery Application
R Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Summer 2008: 4(3): 193-200 www.ijps.ir Original Article Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Hemostat Gelatin Sponge for Surgery Application Rana
More informationZINC/IRON PHASE TRANSFORMATION STUDIES ON GALVANNEALED STEEL COATINGS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION
Copyright JCPDS - International Centre for Diffraction Data 2003, Advances in X-ray Analysis, Volume 46. 291 ZINC/IRON PHASE TRANSFORMATION STUDIES ON GALVANNEALED STEEL COATINGS BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION S.
More informationMechanical performance of bacterial cellulose nanofibre-reinforced epoxy composites
High Performance Structure and Materials VI 379 Mechanical performance of bacterial cellulose nanofibre-reinforced epoxy composites H. Takagi1, A. N. Nakagaito1 & K. Uchida2 1 2 Institute of Technology
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF THIN WALLED Ti-6Al-4V COMPONENTS PRODUCED VIA ELECTRON BEAM MELTING
CHARACTERIZATION OF THIN WALLED Ti-6Al-4V COMPONENTS PRODUCED VIA ELECTRON BEAM MELTING Denis Cormier, Harvey West, Ola Harrysson, and Kyle Knowlson North Carolina State University Department of Industrial
More informationWarsaw University of Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Woloska 141, Warsaw, Poland
Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Woloska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland Michał Gloc*, Krystyna Lublińska, Krzysztof Rożniatowski, Krzysztof Jan Kurzydłowski *michalgloc@poczta.fm
More informationMulti-source inspection of fiber-reinforced materials
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Multi-source inspection of fiber-reinforced materials Tomasz CHADY 1, Krzysztof GORĄCY 1 1 West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
More informationON- AND OFF-LINE ULTRASONIC INSPECTIONS TO CHARACTERIZE COMPONENTS BUILD BY SLM ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
7 th International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace Mo.5.A.8 More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18931 ON- AND OFF-LINE ULTRASONIC INSPECTIONS TO CHARACTERIZE COMPONENTS BUILD BY SLM ADDITIVE
More informationOptimization of Low-Dose CT Protocol in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Imaging
Optimization of Low-Dose CT Protocol in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine Imaging Hanna Piwowarska-Bilska 1, Leszek J. Hahn 2, Bozena Birkenfeld 1, Katarzyna Cichon-Bankowska 1, Maria H. Listewnik 1, and Piotr
More informationGlobal and Local Thresholding Methods Applied to X-ray Microtomographic Analysis of Metallic Foams
J Nondestruct Eval (2016) 35:35 DOI 10.1007/s10921-016-0352-x More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=20239 Global and Local Thresholding Methods Applied to X-ray Microtomographic Analysis
More informationPOLY(LACTIC ACID) BASED SINGLE COMPOSITES
POLY(LACTIC ACID) BASED SINGLE COMPOSITES S. Ouajai 1*, T. Ungtrakul 1, A. Reung-u-rai 1 and R.A. Shanks 2 1 Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, KMUTNB 1518 Piboonsongkarm road,
More information3D Laser Lithography in Biotechnology and Medical Technology
3D Laser Lithography in Biotechnology and Medical Technology High-Precision, Piezo-Based Nanopositioning Systems Advance Technology Page 1 of 6 Laser technology makes it possible to create even very complex
More informationDevelopment of photonic and thermodynamic crystals conforming to sustainability conscious materials tectonics
Sustainable Chemistry 103 Development of photonic and thermodynamic crystals conforming to sustainability conscious materials tectonics S. Kirihara, N. Ohta, T. Niki, Y. Uehara & S. Tasaki Joining and
More informationProduction and application of biopolymers in drug release
Production and application of biopolymers in drug release Maria Filomena de Andrade Rodrigues (filomena@ipt.br) Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology Center for Technology of Processes and Products Biodegradable
More informationFABRICATION OF COMPOSITE POLYURETHANE/HYDROXYAPATITE SCAFFOLDS USING SOLVENT-CASTING SALT LEACHING TECHNIQUE
DOI: 10.1515/adms 2015 0003 J. Wosek Gdansk University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Welding Engineering, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland wosekjoanna@gmail.com FABRICATION
More informationShear Bands in Glassy Amorphous Polymers
Shear Bands in Glassy Amorphous Polymers Shear banding in tension or compression. Neck formation via shear bands (a) (b) (c) (d) Stress Image removed due to copyright restrictions. Please see Fig. 12a
More informationCRANIOS REINFORCED BONE VOID FILLER
CRANIOS REINFORCED BONE VOID FILLER The tougher bone cement TECHNICAL MONOGRAPH INTRODUCTION CRANIOS REINFORCED Bone Void Filler contains reinforcing fibers that impart an increase in toughness* to reduce
More informationMicrostructure stiffness relations of the ancient oak wood from the Oseberg ship
Microstructure stiffness relations of the ancient oak wood from the Oseberg ship T.K. Bader*, S. Braovac # *Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
More informationLet s show em what we re made of
Let s show em what we re made of might be an effective battle cry for human warfighters, but when considering the materials on which these warfighters rely, relating material composition to properties
More informationBIOACTIVE SILICIUM-CONTAINING COATINGS ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE
Powder Metallurgy Progress, Vol.11 (2011), No 3-4 271 BIOACTIVE SILICIUM-CONTAINING COATINGS ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE O. S. Antonova, V. V. Smirnov, S. M. Barinov, N. V. Bakunova, Ľ. Medvecký, J. Ďurišin
More informationFunctional Assessment and Clinical Outcome
Tissue Engineering Functional Assessment and Clinical Outcome STEVEN A. GOLDSTEIN Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,
More informationSurface Characterization of Biomaterials
Surface Characterization of Biomaterials Biomaterials are determined The desire for well-being and long life expectancy goes hand in-hand with the use of non-viable materials to conserve health. 2000 years
More informationMETALLIC AND BIOABSORBABLE TAKE A NEW LOOK AT IMPLANTS
Distributed by: METALLIC AND BIOABSORBABLE TAKE A NEW LOOK AT IMPLANTS Syntellix AG Aegidientorplatz 2a 30159 Hannover Germany T +49 511 270 413 50 F +49 511 270 413 79 info@syntellix.com www.syntellix.com
More informationCISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences
CISM International Centre for Mechanical Sciences Courses and Lectures Volume 578 Series editors The Rectors Friedrich Pfeiffer, Munich, Germany Franz G. Rammerstorfer, Vienna, Austria Elisabeth Guazzelli,
More informationModule 8: Composite Testing Lecture 36: Quality Assessment and Physical Properties. Introduction. The Lecture Contains
Introduction In the previous lecture we have introduced the needs, background and societies for mechanical testing of composites. In this lecture and subsequent lectures we will see principles for the
More informationA new Glass GEM with a single sided guard-ring structure
A new Glass GEM with a single sided guard-ring structure RD-51 session! 5 July, 2013!! Yuki MITSUYA a, Takeshi FUJIWARA b, Hiroyuki TAKAHASHI a!! a Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, The
More informationInstructions for Capillary Electrophoresis Peptide Analysis Kit
Instructions for Capillary Electrophoresis Peptide Analysis Kit Catalog Number 148-4110 For Technical Service Call Your Local Bio-Rad Office or in the U.S. Call 1-800-4BIORAD (1-800-424-6723) Table of
More informationFatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Lotus-Type Porous Copper
Materials Transactions, Vol. 49, No. 1 (2008) pp. 144 to 150 #2008 The Japan Institute of Metals Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation in Lotus-Type Porous Copper Hironori Seki*, Masakazu Tane and Hideo
More informationSilk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2011 Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications Jennifer McCool Virginia Commonwealth
More informationThe Sintering Temperature Effect on the Shrinkage Behavior of Cobalt Chromium Alloy
American Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (11): 1443-1448, 2010 ISSN 1546-9239 2010 Science Publications The Sintering Temperature Effect on the Shrinkage Behavior of Cobalt Chromium Alloy 1 M. Ghazali Kamardan,
More informationQuality Monitoring of the EBM Process
Quality Monitoring of the EBM Process 1 st International Conference on Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing M.Sc. Stephan Janson* M.Sc. Fabian Bayerlein Prof. Dr.-Ing. Michael F. Zäh Institute for Machine
More informationDAS FRAUNHOFER IKTS ALS INNOVATIVER PARTNER IM BEREICH BIO- UND MEDIZINTECHNIK
DAS FRAUNHOFER IKTS ALS INNOVATIVER PARTNER IM BEREICH BIO- UND MEDIZINTECHNIK Andreas Lehmann, Dr. rer. nat. Jörg Opitz Medizintechnik in Sachsen 07.12.2016 Our Business Divisions Fraunhofer IKTS in profile
More informationCharacterization of Coatings on Grey Cast Iron Fabricated by Hot-dipping in Pure Al, AlSi11 and AlTi5 Alloys
A R C H I V E S o f F O U N D R Y E N G I N E E R I N G Published quarterly as the organ of the Foundry Commission of the Polish Academy of Sciences ISSN (1897-3310) Volume 14 Issue 1/2014 85 90 20/1 Characterization
More informationDesign of Bone Scaffolds Structures for Rapid Prototyping with Increased Strength and Osteoconductivity
Design of Bone Scaffolds Structures for Rapid Prototyping with Increased Strength and Osteoconductivity Marcin Lipowiecki, Dermot Brabazon, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City
More informationBioMater Centre. - the equipment and services at the university - Virpi Tiitu Translational research-kuh and UEF opportunities
BioMater Centre - the equipment and services at the university - Virpi Tiitu 21.1. 2011 Translational research-kuh and UEF opportunities Basic Role of BioMater Centre "BioMater Centre acts as an independent
More information3M TM Dyneon TM Fluoropolymers. Additive Manufacturing with fully fluorinated polymers. The technology at a glance.
3M TM Dyneon TM Fluoropolymers Additive Manufacturing with fully fluorinated polymers. The technology at a glance. Introduction 03 3M pioneers 3D printing with PTFE. Additive Manufacturing is particularly
More informationFATIGUE LIFE ASSESSMENT FOR COMPOSITE STRUCTURE
26 th ICAF Symposium Montréal, 1 3 June 2011 FATIGUE LIFE ASSESSMENT FOR COMPOSITE STRUCTURE University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX makeev@uta.edu Abstract: This work presents some of the most
More informationCeramic Gun Barrel Technologies Larry Burton Jeff Swab Rob Carter Ryan Emerson U.S. Army Research Laboratory Weapons & Materials Research Directorate
Contact info Larry Burton 41-36-767 U.S. Army Research Laboratory coach@arl.army.mil Ceramic Gun Barrel Technologies Larry Burton Jeff Swab Rob Carter Ryan Emerson U.S. Army Research Laboratory Weapons
More informationGrowth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties
Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST) Growth Of TiO 2 Films By RF Magnetron Sputtering Studies On The Structural And Optical Properties Ahmed K. Abbas 1, Mohammed K. Khalaf
More informationCHAPTER-VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER-VII SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Chapter-VII Summary and Conclusions Sr. No. Title Page No. 7.1 Summary 167 7.2 Conclusions.. 171 CHAPTER SEVEN Summary and Conclusions 7.1: Summary The technologies
More informationX-ray Grating-based Phase Contrast CT for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation
X-ray Grating-based Phase Contrast CT for Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation Christian Kottler 1, Vincent Revol 1, Rolf Kaufmann 1, Philippe Niedermann 1, Francis Cardot 1, Alex Dommann 1 1 Centre
More informationSTRUCTURE OF A CERAMIC MATERIAL DEVELOPED BY LASER PROTOTYPING TECHNIQUES
Structure Rev. Adv. Mater. of a ceramic Sci. 29 material (2011) 175-179 developed by laser prototyping techniques 175 STRUCTURE OF A CERAMIC MATERIAL DEVELOPED BY LASER PROTOTYPING TECHNIQUES Received:
More informationSLS POWDER LIFE STUDY
SLS POWDER LIFE STUDY J. Choren, V. Gervasi, T. Herman, S. Kamara, and J. Mitchell Rapid Prototyping Center, Milwaukee School of Engineering 1025 N. Broadway, Milwaukee, WI 53202 ABSTRACT Producing acceptable
More informationA Review of Suitability for PWHT Exemption Requirements in the Aspect of Residual Stresses and Microstructures
Transactions, SMiRT-23 Division IX, Paper ID 612 (inc. assigned division number from I to X) A Review of Suitability for PWHT Exemption Requirements in the Aspect of Residual Stresses and Microstructures
More informationLow kv EBSD using AZtecHKL and NordlysNano: Characterisation of a mollusc shell
Introduction Marine shells are of high interest to environmental sciences as they are excellent archives of past environmental change to geosciences as the fundamental material carrying the fossil record
More informationYIELD & TENSILE STRENGTH OF STEEL & ALUMINIUM USING MICROINDENTATION
YIELD & TENSILE STRENGTH OF STEEL & ALUMINIUM USING MICROINDENTATION Prepared by Duanjie Li, PhD & Pierre Leroux 6 Morgan, Ste156, Irvine CA 9618 P: 949.461.99 F: 949.461.93 nanovea.com Today's standard
More informationDeterioration of Asbestos-Cement Pipes
Deterioration of Asbestos-Cement Pipes Thulasi Sathiyaseelan Professor Yinong Liu School of Mechanical Engineering Esther Loh CEED Client: Water Corporation Abstract Asbestos cement (AC) pipes make up
More informationStato dell'arte della Simulazione di Materiali Compositi
Stato dell'arte della Simulazione di Materiali Compositi Composites Structures: Civil Airplanes Applications Boeing 787 Airbus A350 In black the composite parts Composites Structures: Automotive & Marine
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Implants for surgery Hydroxyapatite Part 1: Ceramic hydroxyapatite
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13779-1 Second edition 2008-10-01 Implants for surgery Hydroxyapatite Part 1: Ceramic hydroxyapatite Implants chirurgicaux Hydroxyapatite Partie 1: Céramique à base d'hydroxyapatite
More informationSIRRIS ADD department. Additive Manufacturing
SIRRIS ADD department Additive Manufacturing thierry.dormal@sirris.be ADD capacities & competencies SIRRIS ADD (1990 2011) 15 engineers and technicians Two locations: Liège (10 p.) and Charleroi (5 p.)
More information