Hie-Joon Kim. Professor Emeritus Seoul National University. Experience. Representative Publications

Transcription

1 Hie-Joon Kim Professor Emeritus Seoul National University B.S. Chemistry, Seoul National University, Korea, 1970 Ph.D. Chemistry, University of Chicago, USA, 1977 Experience Professor, Department of Chemistry Seoul National University ( ) Chair Professor, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (2013-Present) SNU Teaching Award (2007) Representative Publications Philosophical Questions Scientific Answers (Thinking Power Books, 2012) Chemistry of Life, Chemistry for Life (Free Academy, 2009)

2 Chapter 2 Genetic Material

3 INTRODUCTION J. Expt. Med. 79, 137 (1944) Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types <source> _01_img0106.jpg Avery, MacLeod, McCarty Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research

4 2-1 Genetic Transformation Biologists have long attempted by chemical means to induce in higher organisms predictable and specific changes which thereafter could be transmitted in series as hereditary characters.

5 2-1 Genetic Transformation Among microorganisms the most striking example of inheritable and specific alterations in cell structure and function that can be experimentally induced and are reproducible under well defined and adequately controlled conditions is the transformation of specific types of Pneumococcus. <source> _20pneumoniae.jpg

6 2-2 Griffith s Experiment This phenomenon was first described by Griffith who R Strain (rough) succeeded in transforming an attenuated and nonencapsulated (R) variant derived from one specific type into fully encapsulated and virulent (S) cells of a heterologous specific type. S Strain (smooth)

7 2-2 Griffith s Experiment Griffith found that mice injected subcutaneously with a small amount of a living R culture derived from Pneumococcus Type II together with a large inoculum Frederick Griffith 1928 <source> es.com/file/view/to_wikispaces_grifi th.jpg/ /to_wikispaces_gr ifith.jpg of heat-killed Type III (S) cells frequently succumbed to infection, and that the heart s blood of these animals yielded Type III pneumococci in pure culture.

8 2-2 Griffith s Experiment rough strain (nonvirulent) smooth strain (virulent) heat-killed smooth strain rough strain & heat-killed smooth strain mouse lives mouse dies mouse lives mouse dies

9 2-3 Elemental Analysis Four purified preparations were analyzed for content of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and hydrogen. C H N P N/P ratio Theory

10 2-4 DNAse The fact that transforming activity is destroyed by these preparations containing depolymerase for desoxyribonucleic acid provide evidence for DNAse the belief that the active principle is a nucleic acid of the desoxyribose type.

11 2-5 Ultraviolet Spectrum Ultraviolet absorption curves showed maxima in the region of 2600 A and minima in the region of 2350 A. These findings are characteristic of nucleic acids.

12 2-6 Antibody Reaction The biochemical events underlying the phenomenon suggest that the transforming principle interacts with the R cell giving rise to a coordinated series of enzymatic reactions that culminate in the synthesis of <source> Oswald T. Avery 외 (2007), Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types, RÃ sonance the Type III capsular antigen.

13 2-7 Hershey s Experiment Hershey, Chase blender experiment bacteriophage <source> _hershey_chase.jpg <source>

14 Review The great composer Händel And the great scientist Mendel Both came from an ancestor common Over an eon As a result of biological evolution Taking place through natural selection. Georg Händel ( ) Gregor Mendel ( ) Charles Darwin ( )

15 Nobel Lectures in Science THANK YOU