Test Prep Pretest. in the. the. whereas prokaryotic DNA contains only replication forks during replication. Skills Worksheet
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1 Skills Worksheet Test Prep Pretest Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 1. In 1928, Frederick Griffith found that the capsule that enclosed one strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae caused the microorganism s 2. Avery s experiments demonstrated that DNA is the material.. 3. After infecting Escherichia coli bacteria with 32 P-labeled phages, Hershey and Chase traced the 32 P. The scientists found most of the radioactive substance in the. 4. Watson and Crick used the X-ray photographs of Wilkins and Franklin to build their model of DNA. 5. The process of making new DNA is called. 6. The point at which the double helix separates during replication is called the. 7. DNA replication occurs during the phase of the cell cycle. 8. Eukaryotic DNA contains many replication forks working in concert, whereas prokaryotic DNA contains only replication forks during replication. Holt Biology 23 DNA: The Genetic Material
2 In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 9. transformation 10. replication 11. DNA helicase 12. Wilkins and Franklin 13. Watson and Crick 14. DNA polymerase 15. Avery 16. Griffith a. discovered the three-dimensional structure of DNA with the help of other scientists b. proofreads DNA during replication c. developed high quality X-ray diffraction photographs of DNA d. results in two DNA molecules that are identical to the original DNA molecule e. results in a change in a cell s genotype f. demonstrated that DNA is the material responsible for transformation g. discovered transformation in bacterial cells h. unwinds the two DNA strands during replication Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 17. Relate the role of base-pairing rules to the structure of DNA. 18. Describe the components of a nucleotide. 19. What happened when Griffith mixed harmless living R bacteria with harmless heat-killed S bacteria and then injected mice with this mixture? Holt Biology 24 DNA: The Genetic Material
3 20. How did Avery s experiment identify the material responsible for transformation? 21. Why did Hershey and Chase use radioactive elements in their experiments? 22. Explain how DNA polymerase proofreads a new DNA strand. 23. Describe the role of DNA helicases during replication. Holt Biology 25 DNA: The Genetic Material
4 Questions 24 and 25 refer to the figure below. C A B 24. What does the figure above represent? 25. Identify the structures labeled A C. Holt Biology 26 DNA: The Genetic Material
5 TEACHER RESOURCE PAGE Critical Thinking 1. d 14. c 2. c 15. j, f 3. e 16. b, h 4. b 17. d, l 5. a 18. g, e 6. e 19. a, c 7. d 20. k, i 8. a 21. b 9. b 22. d 10. c 23. c 11. b 24. d 12. d 25. c 13. a Test Prep Pretest 1. virulence 2. genetic or hereditary 3. host or bacteria 4. diffraction 5. replication 6. replication fork 7. S or synthesis 8. two 9. e 10. d 11. h 12. c 13. a 14. b 15. f 16. g 17. The base-pairing rules ensure that the sequence of nitrogen bases on one strand determines the sequence of nitrogen bases on the other strand. This means that DNA is made of two complementary strands of DNA. 18. Each nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a fivecarbon sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogen base. 19. The harmless R bacteria were transformed into virulent S bacteria, and the mice died. 20. His experiments showed that the activity of the material responsible for transformation was not affected by protein-destroying enzymes, but the activity was stopped when a DNAdestroying enzyme was present. Therefore, the genetic material was DNA. 21. Radioactive elements were used because they can be followed or traced. Hershey and Chase could use the radioactive elements to locate the genetic material of bacteriophages after they infected bacteria. 22. DNA polymerase proceeds along the new DNA strand only if the previous nucleotide is correctly paired to its complementary base. If a mismatched nucleotide occurs, the polymerase is able to backtrack along the new DNA strand. The mismatched nucleotide is removed, and the correct nucleotide is inserted. 23. DNA helicases are enzymes that unwind the double helix of the DNA molecule. The unwinding is accomplished by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the complementary bases. 24. a piece of double-stranded DNA 25. A hydrogen bonds; B sugar-phosphate backbone; C pyrimidine (thymine) Quiz SECTION: IDENTIFYING THE GENETIC MATERIAL 1. a 6. d 2. c 7. c 3. a 8. a 4. a 9. b 5. c 10. d SECTION: THE STRUCTURE OF DNA 1. d 6. a 2. b 7. e 3. d 8. b 4. c 9. f 5. d 10. c Holt Biology 82 DNA: The Genetic Material
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