International Journal of Multidisciplinary Consortium Volume 2 Issue

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1 A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF INDIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL LENTIL RESEARCH by Dr. Deepak Meena Technical Assistant (Librarian) ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai (India) & Prof. S. Kumar Former Professor and Dean Faculty of IT Vikram University, Ujjain. (India) & Dr. Anil Kumar Jain Associate Professor S.S. in Library and Information Science, Vikram University Ujjain. (India) ABSTRACT This paper presents a Bibliometric analysis of World Lentil research. The analysis cover mainly the number of articles, authorship pattern, forms of documents cited etc. Applies Growth rate, Doubling time, Degree of Collaborations, Collaboration index, Dominance factor. Out of 2770 contributions India has contributed 899 (32.45%) research paper in the study. Also reveals that 92% papers are collaborative, 92% offered in 133 journals, 99% published in English etc. Concludes with need for feathering the research on pulses to meet countries demand. KEYWORDS: Bibliometric; Lentil; Geographical distribution; India INTRODUCTION Pulses are an important source of protein for the vegetarian society of the country. These pulses mainly include Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) (Chana Dal), Mung bean, (Vigna radiate) (Mung Dal), Piegon pea (Cajanus Cajan) (Toor Dal), Lentil (Lens culinaris) (Massor Dal) and Black gram (Vigna mungo) (Urad Dal). The split grains of pulses called dal are excellent source of high quality protein, essential amino and fatty acids, fibers, minerals and vitamins. India is not only one of the largest producers as well as consumers of pulses, but is also one of the largest importers in the world. Presently about 25 to 26 million hectares of land is under pulses cultivation in India producing about 17 million tons of pulses annually. Lentil (Lens culinaris) belongs to family Fabaceae commonly known as Masoor Dal in India is one of the oldest cultivated crops. Lentils have been grown by humans for almost nine millennia. Lentil is an important Rabi pulse crop of India which is being grown on an area of about 1.5 m ha with annual production of 1.0 m tones. It is mainly cultivated in Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal which together contribute more than 80% area and production of this crop. It is generally grown as rainfed crop during Rabi season after rice, maize, pearl millet or kharif fallow. Bundelkhand region is known as Lentil bowl of the country. It is an ideal pulse crop for P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 36

2 rice fallow situation of eastern part of the country. In the last three decades, the area under Lentil has increased by 85%, production by 151% and productivity by 34%. The increased in area has been mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Bihar [1] The nutrition value of Lentil in per 100g are; Carbohydrates (59g), Dietary fibre (11g), Protein (25g), Fat (2g), Saturated fatty acids (0g), Cholesterol (0mg), Vitamin C (1.7mg), Calcium (41mg), Iron (7.6mg) and Energy (345kcal) [2] OBJECTIVES The present research work studies the Indian contributions to international Lentil research with following objectives: 1. To analyze its status of Indian contributions to International Lentil research; 2. To quantify it s literary at the national level; 3. To examine language distribution of contributions; 4. To quantify preferred communication channels used and; 5. To find out trends of authorship pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS The present study has analyzed the contributions made by Indian scientists to International Lentil research collected in the International Crop CD database for 9 years during the period 2000 to The data has been retrieved from the International Crop CD database collected from the Directorate of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road Indore (M.P.) by using keywords; Lentil Lens culinaris. The database has been loaded in MS-Excel for further analysis. Various statistical formulas have been used for the analysis. Following Bibliometric formulas have been used in this study; (a) Growth Rate:- Log e 2P- Log e 1P Growth Rate = T -1 T Where Log e 1P= Log of initial cumulative number of articles, Log e 2P= Log of final cumulative number of articles, 2 T -1 T = difference between initial time and final time. (b) Doubling Time: Doubling time (DT) = Growth Rate (c) Degree of Collaboration:- Nm Degree of Collaboration = Nm +Ns P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 37

3 Where International Journal of Multidisciplinary Consortium Nm is the number of multi-authored research papers in the discipline published during a year. Ns is the number of single authored papers in the discipline published during the same year. (d) Collaboration Index:- Nra Collaboration Index = Nrp Where Nra is the no. of authors of total joint publications and Nrp is the total joint publications. (e) Dominance Factor:- Dominance factor formula in bibliometrics has been developed by Sudhir Kumar (2008). Dominance factor (DF) is proportion of no. of multi-authored papers of an author as first author (Nmf) to total no. of multi-authored papers of the author (Nmt). Mathematically it is represented as; [3] Nmf Dominance Factor = Nmt RELATED WORKS Works of many similar studies have been reviewed in this part. Dutt and Nikam (2014) [4] on collaboration pattern in solar cell research in India, using Web of Science. Nagarkar (2014) [5] on publication of Chemistry department of University of Pune, using Web of Science database. Prathap (2014) [6] on Monsoon, Dec using Web of Science database. Anil Sagar, Kademani and Others (2014) [7] on Agriculture, using Web of Science database. Bansal (2013) [8] on Bibliometric analysis of Journal of Library & Information Technology, Gupta (2013) [9] on Science and Technology, using Scopus Citation Database. Gupta and Kaur (2013) [10] on Glaucoma research, using Scopus Citation Database. Bhardwaj and Shri Ram (2013) [11] on Osteoporosis, using Scopus Database. Ramesh and Mahapatra (2012) [12] on agricultural science, using Scopus database; Rathinasabapathy (2012) [13] on goat, for CAB Direct online; Gupta and others (2012) [14] on material science, ; Gupta and others (2011) [15] on diabetes, ; Kshitig and Gupta (2011) [16] on semantic web using Scopes database; Gupta and Bala (2011) [17] on Science and Technology, ; Varaprasad and Ramesh (2011) [18] on Indian chemical research, Karpagam and others (2010) [19] on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jain and Kumar (2010) [20] on Soybean research using International crop CD database; Krishnamurthy and others (2010) [21] on Meteorology, Mohan and others (2010) [22] on Indian research in Nanoscience using Science Citation Index, ; Bala and Gupta (2010) [23] on Biochemistry, ; Gupta and others (2010) [24] on Indian publications in Computer Science using Scopus Citation database, Kademani and others (2009) [25] on Bhabha scatter P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 38

4 S. No. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Consortium using Science Citation Index, ; Nazim and Ahmad Moin (2008) [26] on Nanotechnology, ; Kademani and others (2007) [27] on Science and Technology activities in India using Science Citation Index, ; Patra and Bhattacharya (2005) [28] on Oncology research in India using Pub Med; Rajendran and others (2005) [29] on Fiber Optics, ; Mohan and others (2003) [30] on Material Science, using Material Science Citation Index; Arunachalam and Umarani (2001) [31] agricultural research using CAB Abstract, have been reviewed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study has analyzed 899 contributions made by Indian scientists available in International Crop CD database during under various heads; 1. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION Table 1 lists the year wise distribution of contributions of top five countries and their percentage shares on the topic. This table reveals that India holds the first rank with 899 (32.45%) contributions, followed by Canada with 200 (07.22%), Pakistan with 167 (06.03%) and USA with 157 (05.67%) contributions, Turkey ranks fifth place with 150 (05.42%) contributions. This table also indicates that tops countries contributing 57% of the world share while rest of the world s share is only 43%. Table 1: Geographical Distribution of Records Country Total % Rank 1 India I 2 Canada II 3 Pakistan III 4 USA IV 5 Turkey V 6 Others Total GROWTH RATE AND DOUBLING TIME Table 2 shows the growth rate (GR) and doubling time (DT) of Indian contributions on Lentil. This table indicates that there is almost continuous decrease in the growth rate from in 2001 to in the year Correspondingly the doubling time increase from 0.87 in 2001 to 5.97 in the year Table 2: Growth Rate and Doubling Time of Indian Contributions S. No. Year No. of Records Cumulative Log e GR DT on P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 39

5 No. of Authors International Journal of Multidisciplinary Consortium AUTHORSHIP PATTERN Table 3 shows distribution of authorship pattern of the contributions during the period. Out of the total 899 contributions only 75 (08.34%) contributions are found with single authorship and the remaining 824 (91.66%) are joint-authored. 258 (28.70%) of articles have been contributed by two authors followed by 259 (28.81%) by three authors, 151 (16.80%) by four authors, 103 (11.46%) by five authors and 53 (05.89%) by the six or more authors. This reveals very high collaboration among Indian scientists contributing to Lentil research. Total authorship is 2867 of 899 articles with an average of authors per article. Table 3: Distributions of Authorship Pattern Total Records % Total Author s One Two Three Four Five Six Total Authorship COLLABORATION PATTERNS Table 4 shows the Degree of Collaboration and Collaboration Index. The DC ranges between and and CI ranges between and which show very high degree of collaboration. Table 4: Collaboration Measures of Authorships % Degree of Collaboration (DC) Collaboration Index (CI) Total DISTRIBUTION OF RECORDS OF AUTHORS P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 40

6 Table 5 shows distribution of records of each author in the study. There are total 1305 authors in the study. Table reveals that highest 30 contributions have been made by one author followed by 26 contribution made by another one author. On the other hand 731 authors who made only one contribution each followed by 310 authors who made 02 contributions each followed by 23 authors who made 03 contributions each and 137 authors who made 04 contribution each. Table 5: Distributions of Records of Authors S. No. No. of Authors Contributions Authorship Made Calculated Total DOMINANCE FACTORS OF PROLIFIC AUTHORS Table 6 presents the ranking list of top 13 prolific authors with calculation for Dominance Factors who made 14 or more contributions each.. B. Sharma tops the list with 30 contributions, followed by R. Kumar with 26 contributions, V.P. Gupta, S. Singh and A.K. Singh with 18 contributions each respectively. In all the case DF value is very low which the sign of low dominance by prolific contributors. It is an indicator of healthy collaboration among co-authors. S. No. Name of Authors Table 6: Dominance Factor of Prolific Authors Single Authored Multiple Authored First Author Total Dominance Factor 1 Sharma, B Kumar, R Gupta, VP Singh, S Singh, AK Prajapati, RK Singh, SP P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 41

7 8 Singh, R Om, Vir Vir, O Kumar, S Solanki, J Pandey, RK Sr. No. 7. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATIONS Table 7 shows various types of communication channels used by the scientists engaged in the Lentil research to publish their works. The table reveals that 832 (92.55%) records are published in journals, while 28 (03.11%) as conference papers and 27 (03.00%) records are published as Book-chapter. Bulletin, Annual Report and Miscellaneous have contributed 12 (01.33%). It reveals that publication of research articles in journals is preferred most. Table 7: Channels of Communications Publication Type Total % Journal-article Conferencepaper Book-chapter Bulletin Annual-report Miscellaneous TOTAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF RECORDS IN JOURNALS Table 8 presents distribution of Indian contributions in various journals. Out of total 133 journals used in this study, 15 journals published only one record each, while 46 journals published two records each, 07 journals published three records each, 21 journals published four records each. On the other hand highest number of records 47 published by one journal. Table 8: Distributions of Records in Journals No. of Journals No. of Records in each Journals Total Records Cumulative Journals Cumulative Journals (Log n) Cumulative Total Records R (n) P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 42

8 Total RANKING OF JOURNALS Table 9 presents the ranked list of top 10 journals with number of publications in their records. Table reveals that Indian Journal of Agronomy tops the list with 47 records followed by Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, with 45 records followed by Legume Research with 38 records. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding with 36 records and the Indian Journal of Pulses Research with 32 records follows. Table 9: Ranking List of Journals S. No. Name of the Journals No. of Records Ranking 1 Indian Journal of Agronomy 47 I 2 Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 45 II 3 Legume Research 38 III 4 Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 36 IV 5 Indian Journal of Pulses Research 32 V 6 Journal of Research Birsa Agricultural University 31 VI 7 Journal of Food Legumes 30 VII 8 Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 26 VIII 9 Environment and Ecology 22 IX 10 Farm Science Journal 21 X 10. LANGUAGE WISE DISTRIBUTIONS OF CONTRIBUTIONS Table 12 shows the language wise distribution of contributions on Lentil. 895 (99.56%) articles have been published in English. Only 04 (0.44%) articles have been published in Hindi. Table 10: Language wise distributions of contributions Langua ge Bullet in Journa l article Conferen ce paper Book chapte r Miscellaneo us Annu al report Tota l English Hindi TOTAL % CONCLUSION Considering the facts obtained from the study, it can be concluded that Indian scientists have contributed very high percentage of publication share in Lentil research & obtained 1 st rank with a wide margin of 25% with 2 nd rank & 26% margin with 3 rd rank. The growth rate has decreased from the year 2001 to 2008 & consequently doubling time has increased % P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 43

9 in state of the fact that the country is spending huge amount on its import. It is very common pulse used in daily meals in almost every house hold. So research on this pulse has to be increased to increase its productivity. The authorship pattern shows high level of collaboration with 92% joint authors papers on the topic with DC value & CI value Out of 1305 authors contributing 899 articles, 731 (56%) have contributed only one single article. The DF value found to be very low which is healthy sign for collaboration. The study also reveals journals as communication channel is more than 92% articles & 99% in English language. There is only one journal with 47 articles published in it while on the other hand 15 journals published only 1 article each during the study. This study has indentified Indian journal of Agronomy as core journals on this topic. This investigation may help policy makers to provide more funds & facilities to promote research on the issue to improve production & reduce cost can made easy availability to the people of the country for healthy protein substance, a substitute of meat for the vegetarian society like India. REFERENCES 1. Soren, K. R. and Patil, P. G. (2012). Advances in pulses genomic research. Kanpur: Indian Institute of Pulses Research. 2. Nutrition data from USDA SR-21. ( 3. Surendra Kumar (2009). Productometric study of oilseed research institutes of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). (Doctoral dissertation, Vikram University, Ujjain 2009). 4. Dutt, Bharvi and Nikam, Khaiser (2014). Scientometric of collaboration pattern in solar cell research in India. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 61, Nagarkar, Shubhada (2014). Bibliometric analysis of publication of the Chemistry department of the University of Pune, India, Annals of Library and Information Studies, 61, Prathap, Gangan (2014). A Bibliometric Evaluation of Research on the Monsoon. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 34(3), Anil Sagar, Kademani, B.S. and Bhanumurthy, K. (2014). Agriculture Research in India: A Scientometric Mapping of Publications. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 34(3), Bansal, Alka (2013). DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology: A bibliometric Analysis. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 33(5), Gupta, B.M. (2013). Bangladesh: A scientometric analysis of national publications output in S&T, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 33(1), Gupta, B.M. and Kaur, Har (2013). World Glaucoma research: A quantitative analysis of research output during Annals of Library and Information Studies, 60, Bhardwaj, Rajkumar and Shri Ram (2013). Mapping of Indian research out on Osteoporosis. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 60, Ramesh, D.B. and Mahapatra, Rabindra K. (2012). Scientific research output in Agriculture and Biosciences in India: A bibliometric analysis. National Conference of Agricultural Libraries & User Community. Bhubaneswar, P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 44

10 13. Rathinasabapathy, G. (2012). Scientometric analysis of publication on goat research: A profile based on CAB direct online. Indian Journal of Agricultural Library and Information Services, 28, Gupta, B.M.; Bala, Adarsh and Kshitig, Avinash (2012). Contribution and citation impact of Materials Science research in India, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 32, Gupta, B.M.; Har Kaur and Bala, Adarsh (2011). Mapping of Indian Diabetes research during : A scientometric analysis of publications output. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31, Kshitig, Avinash and Gupta, B.M. (2011). Semantic web: A quantitative analysis of world publications output, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31, Gupta, B.M. and Bala, Adarsh (2011). Indian Science & Technology during fifteen years ( ): A quantitative assessment using publications data. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31, Varaprasad, S.J.D. and Ramesh, D.B. (2011). Activity and growth of chemical research in India during DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31, Karpagam,R.; Gopalakrishnan, S. and Ramesh Babu, B. (2010). Publication trend on Nanotechnology among G15 countries: A bibliomeric study. Proceeding of the ICWISE, Mysore. ( 20. Jain, Keerti Bala and Kumar, S. (2010). The evaluation of collaboration pattern of Indian contribution to world Soybean research. Proceeding of the ICWISE, Mysore. ( 21. Krishnamurthy C.; Jodalli, Sangamesh and Hadagali, Gururaj S. (2010). Meteorology: A bibliometric analysis. Proceeding of the ICWISE, Mysore. ( 22. Mohan, Lalit and others (2010). Research trends in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in India. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 30, Bala, Adarsh and Gupta, B.M. (2010). Research activities in Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology during in India: A scientometric analysis. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 30, Gupta, B.M. and others (2010). Indian Computer Science research output during : qualitative analysis. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 30, Kademani, B.S.; Surwase, Ganesh; Lalit Mohan, and Vijai Kumar (2009). Bhabha Scattering: A scientometric view. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 29, Nazim, Mohammad and Ahmad Moin, A. (2008). A bibliometric analysis on Nanotechnology research. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 55, Kademani, B.S. and others (2007). Mapping of Indian publications in Science & technology: A scientometric analysis of publications in Science Citation Index. Desidoc Bulletin of Information Technology, 27, Patra, Swapan Kumar and Bhattacharya, Partha (2005). Bibliometric study of Cancer research in India. Desidoc Bulletin of Information Technology, 25(2), Rajendran, P. and others (2005). Bibliometric analysis of Fiber Optics literature. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 52, Mohan, S. and others (2003). Materials science research and development in India: A scientometric analysis of international collaborative output. Desidoc Bulletin of Information Technology, 23(2), P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 45

11 31. Arunachalam, S. and Umarani, K. (2001). Mapping agricultural research in India; profile based on CAB abstracts Current Science. 81, P u b l i s h e d b y : M o d e r n R o h i n i E d u c a t i o n S o c i e t y P a p e r I d : Page 46