OBIS Optimising Bike sharing in European cities

Transcription

1 OBIS Optimising Bike sharing in European Vienna University of Technology Institute of Transportation Research Center of Transport Planning and Traffic engineering Alberto Castro 1

2 Content A. Bike sharing a. Evolution b. Expansion c. Diversification B. Transferability study a. Key questions b. Sample c. Opening hours d. Technology e. Service throughout the year f. Monthly demand g. Bicycles per 10,000 h. Annual rents per bicycle i. Obstacles 2

3 A. Bike sharing. Evolution 1st generation, 60s No registration & no fee 2nd generation, 90s No registration but deposit 1st generation: White bikes, Amsterdam Image: 2nd generation: Bycyclen, Copenhagen Image: 3rd generation, XXI century Registration & usage fee 3 3rd generation: Citybike Wien Image: Alberto Castro

4 A. Bike sharing. Expansion 3rd generation = expansion More & larger schemes First scheme: Rennes,1998 First large scale scheme: Lyon, 2005 Largest scheme: Paris, 2007 (>20,000 bikes) Nowadays about 300 European are provided with bike-sharing schemes (BSS) Image: Bike-sharing Blog. Paul DeMaio 4

5 A. Bike sharing. Diversification Wide variety of BSS models Opening hours Technology Usage fee Images: Alberto Castro 5

6 C. Transferability study. Key questions More and more are planning to implement a BSS Image: Alberto Castro Might be successful to transfer a BSS e.g. from Barcelona to a small town in Sweden? Image: Alberto Castro Different require different models 6

7 C. Transferability study. Key questions For a given city 1. What are the most convenient opening hours of a BSS? 2. What is the most convenient technology at the BSS station? 3. Which period of availability is the most convenient? 4. In which season will the BSS manage a peak of demand? 5. How long should be the rental period free of charge? 6. How many bicycles may be necessary? 7. How many yearly rents can be expected? 8. Which obstacles may arise when implementing the BSS? 7

8 C. Transferability study. Sample 8 Bike sharing schemes (BSS) studied (N=51) 20 BSS in large BSS in medium BSS in small BSS were studied countries Results were sorted by city-size Large : >500,000 inhabitants Medium : 500, ,000 inhab. Small : <100,000 inhabitans 8

9 C. Transferability study. Opening hours 1. What are the most convenient opening hours of a BSS? Share of the studied BSS Opening hours (Large N=20, Medium N=23, Small N=8) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 25% 39% 63% 75% 61% 38% Large Medium Small Limited Roundthe-clock The larger the city, the wider the opening hours Reason: Technology at the station 9

10 C. Transferability study. Technology 2. What is the most convenient technology for the BSS station? Share of the studied BSS Way to unlock the bike (Large N=20, Medium N=22, Small N=8) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 15% 85% Large 17% 25% 9% 38% 74% Medium 38% Small Person in charge Mechanic device Electronic device The larger the city, the higher the technology at the BSS station Reasons: High-tech equipment is costly and smaller have limited budget Technology access is lower in smaller 10

11 C. Transferability study. Service throughout the year 3. What is the most convenient period of availability? Share of the studied BSS Availability throughout the year (<11 C N=20, >11 C N=14) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 55% 45% <11 C 7% 93% >11 C Average yearly temperature of the city Limited All the year round Climate has influence The warmer the city, the wider the availability throughout the year Reason: Low demand during winter 11

12 C. Transferability study. Monthly demand 4. In which season will the BSS manage a peak of demand? Demand throughout the year (N=8) Cold (<11 C) Relative monthly rents "Cold " January February March April May June July August "Warm " September October November December Demand fluctuates Peak in summer Very low in winter (uneconomical) Warm (>11 C) Relative constant demand High demand in spring and autumn Month 12

13 C. Transferability study. Period free of charge 5. How long should be the rental period free of charge? Share of studied BSS Rental period free of charge (Large N=20, Medium N=23, Small N=8) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 10% 45% Large 39% 50% 30% Medium 25% Small other fares unlimited free 60 minutes 30 minutes 0 minutes (no free rent) Rental periods without charge encourage use The smaller the city, the higher the share of BSS with unlimited free rental The larger the city, the higher the share of BSS with 30 minutes free of charge 13

14 C. Transferability study. Bicycles per 10,000 inhab. 6. How many bicycles might be necessary? (Large N=11, Medium N=9, Small N=4) Bicycles per 10,000 inhabitant Max Min Average Wide rage of values within each city-size Average is similar in all city-sizes Large Medium Small 14

15 C. Transferability study. Annual rents per bicycle 7. How many yearly rents can be expected? Annual rents per bicycle 2,000 1,500 1, (Large N=10, Medium N=9, Small N=4) Large Medium 235 Small Max Min Average Wide range of values within each city-size The larger the city, the higher the number of rents per bicycle Reasons: High PT usage High population density 15

16 C. Transferability study. Obstacles 8. Which obstacles might arise when implementing the BSS? Obstacles Background Consequence Solutions Low demand High bicycle ownership High cycling modal share Uneconomical BSS High demand Traditional bike rental Vandalism Large Tourist Low bicycle ownership Low cycling modal share Empty stations Bad image Competition Reduction of bicycles in service Poor system image High maintenance costs Attractive and complementary offers Increase the number of bicycles & stations Traditional bike rental offer new services BSS do not offer daily or weekly registration Specification of durable bicycles 16

17 C. Transferability study. Obstacles 8. Which obstacles might arise when implementing the BSS? Obstacles Background Consequence Solutions Breakdowns Redistribution Insufficient funding Lack of public space for docking stations High ratio rents/bicycle Topography Irregular demand Bad financial planning Bad planning Reduction of bicycles in service Poor system image High maintenance costs Unavailability of bicycles or parking spaces at docking stations. Poor system image Closing of the BSS Conflict with residents and businesses adjacent Specification of durable bicycles Avoid elevated areas for stations Inexpensive maintenance Reliable funding Study of space availability 17

18 Thank you for your attention Alberto Castro The sole responsibility for the content of this document lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Communities. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. 18