Architecture and Acoustic Design in Green Buildings

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Architecture and Acoustic Design in Green Buildings Indian GBC Green Building Congress 2011 New Delhi, India 20 October 2011 Acoustic Standards Development Current Affiliations ASA: Acoustical

44 Speech Privacy in Healthcare ASTM: ASTM International Chairman Subcommittee E33.06 on International Standards Member Sub Committee E33.02, E33.03, E33.04, E33.05, E33.07, E33.

1 Architecture and Acoustic Design in Green Buildings Indian GBC Green Building Congress 2011 New Delhi, India 20 October 2011 Acoustic Standards Development Current Affiliations ASA: Acoustical Society of America, elected Fellow 1999 member TCAA Technical Committee on Architectural Acoustics member TCN Technical Committee on Noise member ASA/ANSI WG 52 Classroom Acoustics member ASA/ANSI WG 44 Speech Privacy in Healthcare ASTM: ASTM International Chairman Subcommittee E33.06 on International Standards Member Sub Committee E33.02, E33.03, E33.04, E33.05, E33.07, E33.09 ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers member TC2.6 Technical Committee on Sound and Vibration member TC2.1 Technical Committee on Physiology and Human Environment Kenneth P. Roy, Ph.D., fellow ASA Sr. Principal Research Scientist Armstrong World Industries ABP Technology, R&D Lancaster, PA USA AES: ANSI: ISO: USGBC: Audio Engineering Society member TC Acoustics and Sound Reinforcement American National Standards Institute Head of US Technical Advisory Group & delegation to ISO TC43/SC2 on Building Acoustics International Organization for Standardization Chairman/Convener TC205/WG6 Building Environment Design Indoor Acoustic Environment US Green Building Council Member, Subject Matter Expert - Acoustics Publications & Presentations (since 1990) over 90 publications in 30 journals, trade magazines and conference proceedings over 150 Seminars on Architectural Acoustic Design in 18 countries invited lecturer at 15 Universities in 6 countries. 2 Outline Building Use and Acoustic Needs, Education Space Design to meet Acoustic Needs Closed and Open Spaces Classrooms 3. Building IEQ-Acoustics - Global POE Surveys of Occupant Satisfaction CBE Survey Results USA Green Rating Systems India Green Rating System Objective: Understandwhy IEQ Acoustic Comfort is important in buildings, and should be included in codes, standards, and design guidelines Observations: 1.Buildings are designed, constructed, and operated primarily for the purpose of providing healthy and productive spaces for People to work and live. 2. Acoustic Comfort means providing an acoustic environment that is conducive to speech intelligibility, speech privacy, low distractions and annoyance, and concentration where appropriate. 3.Current approaches to building design and construction are not meeting the occupants IEQ Acoustic needs (CBE). 3 4

5 Buildings Education Buildings Intelligibility within Building Use and Acoustic Needs Privacy between Sound Quality Private high high medium high Concentration

between Sound Quality Classroom high low medium high Concentration Lecture Hall high low medium medium Cafeteria medium low low low Assembly Rm medium low medium low 6

Design Management HR Legal Conference Room A: Absorb reflected sound w/med NRC ceiling *.70 to.55 NRC B: Block direct sound w/partition & ceiling * min.

2 5 Buildings Education Buildings Intelligibility within Building Use and Acoustic Needs Privacy between Sound Quality Private high high medium high Concentration Conference high high medium medium Open Plan medium medium low high to low Call Center low low low medium Intelligibility within Building Use and Acoustic Needs Privacy between Sound Quality Classroom high low medium high Concentration Lecture Hall high low medium medium Cafeteria medium low low low Assembly Rm medium low medium low 6 Confidential Privacy Closed Plan Design - High Intelligibility within - High Privacy between For walls to ceiling, confidential privacy Closed Plan Design Balanced Design Management HR Legal Conference Room A: Absorb reflected sound w/med NRC ceiling *.70 to.55 NRC B: Block direct sound w/partition & ceiling * min. 35 STC wall & 35 CAC ceiling * pref. 45 STC wall & 40 CAC ceiling C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking sound * 43 dba ASTM standards C423, E90, E1414, E1573 (measurement standards) 7 8

9 Productivity Open Plan Design Knowledge Worker Administrative

Administrative Open Plan Design Normal Privacy Professional 10

Intrusive) Privacy between Open Plan Design Productivity Call

Balanced Design A: Absorb reflected sound w/ high AC ceiling 210

high, landscape layout C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking

3 9 Productivity Open Plan Design Knowledge Worker Administrative Clerical Call Center Teaming No Privacy Clerical Low Privacy Administrative Open Plan Design Normal Privacy Professional 10 Knowledge Worker - Medium Intelligibility within - Normal (non Intrusive) Privacy between Open Plan Design Productivity Call Center Design For knowledge workers, non-intrusive privacy Balanced Design A: Absorb reflected sound w/ high AC ceiling 210 AC AC B: Block direct sound w/ divider 72 in in. high, landscape layout C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking sound 48 dba ASTM standards E1110, E1111, E1573 (measurement standards) 11 12

13 Call Center - Low Intelligibility/Privacy, within/adjacent - Reduced distant distractions For call center workers, low

60 NRC B: Not Blocking direct sound w/ low divider, but use 0.

Education - Classroom Hearing speech is not sufficient. It must be understood! For Speech to be Intelligible we must: 1.

Protect Sound Clarity w/ Mechanical System Design 14 Education - Classroom Sound Clarity RT ANSI S12.60 Pt 1, RT = 0.6 sec.

Don t want echoes Architecture & Acoustics: 1. Size of room 2. Shape of room 3. Surface treatment Controlling Sound Reflections: 1.

4 13 Call Center - Low Intelligibility/Privacy, within/adjacent - Reduced distant distractions For call center workers, low distractions from a distance A: Absorb distant sound w/ high NRC ceiling 0.95 NRC NRC B: Not Blocking direct sound w/ low divider, but use 0.70 NRC landscape furniture C: Cover speech intrusion w/ masking sound dba Call Center Design Balanced Design Education - Classroom Hearing speech is not sufficient. It must be understood! For Speech to be Intelligible we must: 1.Design for Sound Clarity w/ Architecture and Acoustics 2.Protect Sound Clarity w/ Mechanical System Design 14 Education - Classroom Sound Clarity RT ANSI S12.60 Pt 1, RT = 0.6 sec. (design standard) Sound Clarity Factors: 1. Direct sound has clarity 2. Want early reflections 3. Don t want late reflections 4. Don t want echoes Architecture & Acoustics: 1. Size of room 2. Shape of room 3. Surface treatment Controlling Sound Reflections: 1. Acoustical ceiling tile 2. Sound absorbing wall elements 3. Sound absorbing space elements 4. Carpet Education Protecting Clarity w/ low Background Noise ANSI S12.60 Pt 1, BGN = 35 dba max. (design standard) Controlling Noise: 1. Environmental Walls, exterior and interior 2. Heating/Ventilation Mechanical Design 3. Room noise (activity) Sound Absorption 15 16

5 17 3. Building IEQ and Acoustics - Global POE all USA and Australia Bldgs 3. Building IEQ and Acoustics - Global POE all USA and all LEED USA Bldgs - Occupant Satisfaction Occupant Satisfaction 2011 USA (N=53635) USA (N=53635) Australia (N=3891) LEED USA (N=9492) Building IEQ and Acoustics - Global POE all LEED USA Buildings - Occupant Satisfaction 2011 Rating Systems LEED NC LEED EB LEED CI LEED CS LEED H Platinum LEED USA (N=1232) New Construction Existing Buildings Commercial Interiors Core & Shell Homes Silver LEED USA (N=973) LEED Market Sector Rating Systems LEED NC LEED S LEED R LEED ND LEED - NC Multiple Blgs. & On-Campus Projects Schools Retail Neighborhood Development Healthcare 19 20

21 Indoor Environmental Quality 28% Materials & Resources 20% Sustainable Sites 18% Energy & Atmosphere 28% Water Efficiency 6% Materials and IEQ - Acoustical LEED Credit Areas

3% Green Star 146 2 1.4% Table. Acoustic credits as a percent of the overall credits available for sustainable design.

6 21 Indoor Environmental Quality 28% Materials & Resources 20% Sustainable Sites 18% Energy & Atmosphere 28% Water Efficiency 6% Materials and IEQ - Acoustical LEED Credit Areas Global: IEQ Acoustics, Schools Total Points Acoustic Points Acoustic Value ANSI/GBI % LEED % CHPS % BREEAM 85 3* 2.5% CASBEE 20 5* 8.3% Green Star % Table. Acoustic credits as a percent of the overall credits available for sustainable design. 22 OFFICE: Innovation Credits - Acoustics Acoustical products: Recycled content Product is recyclable Low VOC emissions Made from renewable feedstock Design for safety Design for disassembly Increases energy efficiency Positive carbon footprint Materials & Resources 23 24

7 25 OFFICE: Innovation Credits - Acoustics LEED 2011 For India Open Plan s > 26

Acoustics in Green Buildings

Acoustics in Green Buildings Dr. Kenneth P. Roy, fellow ASA Sr. Principal Research Scientist Armstrong Building Products Technology, R&D Lancaster, PA, USA kproy@armstrong.com Buildings and People Architecture