Advanced Composite Damage Identification, Inspection and Repair for Engine Components. Tim Mathis Director of Engineering, Components

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1 Advanced Composite Damage Identification, Inspection and Repair for Engine Components Tim Mathis Director of Engineering, Components October 14th, 2015

Composites Component Repair 3 Overview of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Inspection &

2 Advanced Composite Damage Identification, Inspection and Repair for Engine Components Agenda 1 StandardAero Components Overview 2 Evolution of Metallic Component Repair to Composites Component Repair 3 Overview of Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Inspection & Repair 4 Overview of Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Inspection & Repair 5 Questions Page 2

StandardAero & StandardAero Component Services (SACS)

7B+ in annual sales 85%+ engine MRO related 3,700+

engine platforms we serve OEM aligned on all platforms

Center Military & Components StandardAero Component

across 3 shifts 5,000 engine part repair capabilities

35,000+ parts repaired/year 15-21 day TAT Dedicated

3 StandardAero & StandardAero Component Services (SACS) overviews StandardAero Overview $1.7B+ in annual sales 85%+ engine MRO related 3,700+ team members #1 or #2 market share on majority of engine platforms we serve OEM aligned on all platforms Business Aviation Airlines & Fleets Associated Air Center Military & Components StandardAero Component Services Cincinnati, Ohio (250,000 ft2) 400+ employees across 3 shifts 5,000 engine part repair capabilities Many dedicated OEM repairs 70,000 repair capabilities 35,000+ parts repaired/year day TAT Dedicated repair development cell One stop shop capabilities on everything but blades & vanes Page 3

Composite Technology evolution is here today Boeing s

50 percent composite material versus the Boeing 777 at

from composites panels to composite structures Repair

restoration to precision ply lay up repairs Increased

and non composites components On wing repair of

Higher emphasis on internal repair development,

4 Composite Technology evolution is here today Boeing s 787 and the Airbus A350 are now made up of more than 50 percent composite material versus the Boeing 777 at 20 percent composites Powerplant components moving from composites panels to composite structures Repair techniques move from weld repairs and dimensional restoration to precision ply lay up repairs Increased use of fasteners for transitions between composites and non composites components On wing repair of composites moving to a Must Have versus a nice to have Higher emphasis on internal repair development, inspection technologies, manufacturing technology and work force development Page 4

Paradigm shift in Workforce, Manufacturing and Repair

Shift in capital equipment from metal rework and

data driven with a higher emphasis on technical skills

and inspection shifting to 3D CAD and digital data

5 Paradigm shift in Workforce, Manufacturing and Repair Higher level of technical skill required with limited training facilities available. Technical skill acquired by internal training. Shift in capital equipment from metal rework and inspection to composite rework and inspection Digital data driven with a higher emphasis on technical skills for interpretation Traditional two dimensional drawings and inspection shifting to 3D CAD and digital data Leadership team will need to transform into a digital mindset and skills New kid in town, to teach old dogs new tricks! Page 5

Ceramic Matric Composite (CMC) expansion into structural

return to metallic back ups, leaving no choice but to adapt or

protection Transition from traditional repair methods, moving to

deposition and 3D ply layups Cost and process time of inspection

employees available with specific CMC experience OEM s have all

6 Ceramic Matric Composite (CMC) expansion into structural components Prime OEM s (PW, RR and GE) moving to CMC with no return to metallic back ups, leaving no choice but to adapt or fail CMC s bring a higher emphasis on coatings and surface protection Transition from traditional repair methods, moving to more sophisticated methods such as diamond grinding, vapor deposition and 3D ply layups Cost and process time of inspection will increase from metallic part inspection Limited skilled employees available with specific CMC experience OEM s have all the knowledge Aluminum components moving to PMC and Nickel & Steel components to CMC Page 6

7 At StandardAero, we have a dedicated composites MRO cell with broad capabilities Autoclave Guide Vanes Tedlar Replacement Leading edge Bushing repairs Curing Ovens Bond Rooms Fan Cases Honeycomb Abradable Repairs Corrosion repairs Bushing repair Paint Rooms Acoustic Liners Face sheet repairs Replace honeycomb Replace bushings Surface coatings Freezer Stationary Seals Replace abradable seals Replace bushings Wet layup repairs to structure Page 7

Inspection & Repair for Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Engine Components PMC

Fan Blades, Platforms, liners or acoustical components Non oil carrying components

PMC, then to CMC Current inspection techniques include: Tap test, Ultrasonic, CT

need to move from static to dynamic inspection with part under a load to determine

joints, fiber resin fill Repair Topical repairs on wing, surface treatments,

8 Inspection & Repair for Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Engine Components PMC Polymer Matrix Composites PMC engine components Structural components Fan cases, Fan Blades, Platforms, liners or acoustical components Non oil carrying components Current PMC investment is in line with CMC allowing full transition from metal to PMC, then to CMC Current inspection techniques include: Tap test, Ultrasonic, CT Scan, visual and dimensional inspection Inspection PMC Fan Blade Inspection will need to move from static to dynamic inspection with part under a load to determine breakdowns in glue or for delamination Deep cracks autoclave repairs, scarf joints, fiber resin fill Repair Topical repairs on wing, surface treatments, blending and coating repairs Repairs need to be mobile for large parts (Fan Cases) PMC Fan Platform Page 8

heat blanket structures 1,700 F CMC Engine

Blades, Vanes, Shrouds, Nozzles & Exhaust

Infrared, CT scan, visual and 3D dimensional

will have to be adapted to composites for live

may be acceptable as where metallic is bad

repairs, full face repairs Repair Burnouts for

9 Inspection & Repair for Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) Engine Components CMC OX-OX, heat blanket structures 1,700 F CMC Engine Components Structural components - Combustor liners, Fan cases CMC Silicone Carbide, Structural Components 2,400 F Hot section Blades, Vanes, Shrouds, Nozzles & Exhaust Current inspection techniques include: Infrared, CT scan, visual and 3D dimensional inspection Inspection Inspection used for metal will have to be adapted to composites for live dimensional feedback CMC Blade Cracks in CMC may be acceptable as where metallic is bad Resin fill Autoclave repairs, scarf patch repairs, full face repairs Repair Burnouts for moisture removal and resin re-fusion Higher emphasis on EBC coatings and heat treat CMC Nozzle Page 9

10 Summary Composite components will continue to grow MRO shops have to begin to transform business to expand composite capabilities Investments in longer term technologies focused on composites repair and inspection Range of materials, processing parameters, inspection methodologies has significant implications for a repair facility Introduce more employees to PMC repair and inspection methods, expand experience through job rotation Transition workforce from 2D drawings to using 3D models and data sets for work instructions CMC components embraced by OEM s Stronger partnership with OEM s and early engagement in the R&D cycle is critical Either Good or Bad, no MRB to determine acceptable limits Significant implications from a capital and IP investment perspective Out-of-autoclave or mobile processing (fabrication and repair) continue to make inroads How do we get to the engine faster? Page 10

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Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness certification for ceramic matrix composite components in civil aircraft systems

MATEC Web of Conferences 29, 00002 (2015) DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20152900002 C Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2015 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airworthiness certification for