Rx for BECx. Rob Kistler, AIA Principal

Transcription

1 Rx for BECx Rob Kistler, AIA Principal

2 AIA Quality Assurance Learning Objectives 1. To compare the evolution of Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECX) procedures to those used for traditional building systems. 2. To examine the best practices offered by NIBS Guideline as the first step in adding BECx into the Total Building Commissioning (TBx) process. 3. To review the lessons learned by the team of commissioning agents attempting to apply the goals of TBx in developing Portland s OHSU Center for Health and Healing, the largest and most complex building in the country to have achieved USGBC LEED Platinum. 4. To explore better ways to integrate emerging BECx best practices into the TBx process for today s High Performance Building projects.

3 Origin of Commissioning Commissioning Does it float? Does it work?

4 Before Commissioning (BC) A & E s inspected everything Contractors got it built Balancing team dialed it in Maintenance team turned it on

5 The Commissioning Process Quality Assurance Program Defined by Owner Project Requirements (OPR) Starts early Never ends 80% Field Work Review of project documents Assess long term performance Confirm climate based performance Design of Direct Digital Controls (DDC) Develop training manuals Instruct facilities O & M

6 Existing Building Commissioning 99% never commissioned Whole building process Meet Current Facility Requirements (CFR) Retro-commissioning Re-commissioning Ongoing commissioning Persistence of improvements Assist in achieving LEED-EB Improve ENERGY STAR rating

7 Commissioning for LEED Prerequisite for LEED NC2.2 Fundamental Building Commissioning To achieve Platinum rating Total Building Commissioning Req d For Extra Credit Measurement and Verification

8 Total Building Commissioning (TBCx) Mandated by EISA 2007 And... EISA 2007 requires federal agencies to reduce the fossil fuel based energy consumption of new and renovated buildings to zero by 2030.

9 Total Building Commissioning Building Enclosure Mechanical System Electrical System Plumbing System Security Vertical Transport Motorized Windows & Doors Shades Rainwater Harvesting Green Roofs Graywater Management Wastewater Management

10 Total Building Commissioning Includes Light shelves & sunshades Roof mount or integrated photovoltaics Wind Power (on-site or distributed) Natural Ventilation Ground Water conservation Radiant systems for heating or cooling Distributed infrastructure District solutions

11 Total Building Commissioning Biomass Fuel Cells Wind Energy Photovoltaics Micro Turbines

12 Commissioning Agent (CxA) The Commissioning Agent is the owner s quality issues advisor providing the knowledge needed to enforce correction through the project s construction documents. CxA must have: Systems knowledge Testing knowledge Relevant experience CxA staff availability Communication skills Training & Certification Third party objectivity

13 Portland Energy Conservation Inc Private non-profit organization started soon after leaving the Energy Management Department for the City of Portland mid 1970 s Early pioneer in promoting Commissioning Convened the first annual National Conference of Building Commissioning (NCBC) in 1993 Has grown to be the leading source of information about the commissioning process Is author of or listed as a resource in almost every government and NGO Guideline for commissioning Manages Building Commissioning Association (BCA)

14 Building Commissioning Association Founded in 1998 Currently 540 member firms and individuals nationwide Establishes benchmarks for commissioning knowledge Develops technical resources Sponsors annual BCA Tools & Technology EXPO Provides information for commissioning policy development

15 Commissioning Certification

16 Where is Building Enclosure Commissioning? PECI History ASHRAE first mentioned 1984 NCBC starts 1993 Building Enclosure Commissioning not Mentioned

17 Commissioning Grows Larger buildings, more complex Cx is experience based Few trained professionals No formal certification standards Cx expands to whole buildings Building Enclosure Cx emerges

18 History of Building Enclosure Commissioning Inspections and Observations Now called Commissioning How it looked more important than performance National material testing and standards evolve Building Trade Associations evolve Building systems specialist s emerge On site testing of enclosure elements begins Liability suits forced higher design standards and the beginning of Quality Control procedures

19 The Beginning of Quality Control If a builder build a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built fall in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.

20 The Beginning of Errors and Omission If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that has been ruined inasmuch as he did not construct properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-erect the house from his own means. From The Code of Hammurabi (circa 1780 B.C.)

21 Meanwhile....The problems PERSIST

22 BECx Emerges Although the commissioning of a building enclosure has been offered as a service by specialist firms, often in bits and pieces, it is a relatively new and systematic process of providing building projects with high levels of excellence in building enclosure design, construction, and operation. Wagdy Anis, LEED AP, FAIA, BETEC Chairman, JBED Editorial Board Chairman

23 Goals of BECx Efficiency Provides timely, consistent, ongoing professional Quality Assurance oversight Performance To confirm that assembled and installed enclosure elements achieve the quality, standards, and performance envisioned in the OPR Persistence To assure that the quality and performance continues through buildings life

24 To Confirm: BECx Objectives Continuity of an Air Barrier System Adequacy of the exterior water management Adequacy of thermal insulation Continuity and durability of exterior cladding Adequacy of the interface between openings Accommodation of seismic drift, wind loads, deflections and/or thermal movements Provision for robust vapor drive control

25 BCx - BECx Comparison Summary Building Systems Enclosure Systems Long established history Dynamically responsive Dependent on the exterior enclosure to perform as designed Primarily factory assembled Certified Pre-functional testing Full testing of complete system Old process New Protocol Static - Little adjustability Not dependant on building systems Primarily field assembled Limited testing No Certification No testing for completed system

26 BCx - BECx Comparison Summary Building Systems Enclosure Systems Equipment adjustable during commissioning Systems can be tuned-up Operations manual included Electronic data transferred to owner Process in-place to monitor persistence Not adjustable Systems degrade over time Operations manuals not included BIM model owned by designer Not transferred No persistence process included (1 year warranty)

27 Enclosure Commissioning Issues No Commissioning Certification required - Yet Performance standards - evolving slowly Total thermal performance - not assessed Total Air Barrier performance - not assessed Dynamic assemblies needed for enclosures Building facades seldom tuned to site Mostly site-built without Pre-Functional testing Performance sensors - not included Thermal drift - not considered

28 City of Houston: Enclosure Commissioning Incorporated into Commercial Energy Conservation Code Effective: August 1, 2008

29 Appendix E: Enclosure Commissioning How is the enclosure to be commissioned?

30 NIBS Guideline the emerging standard for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) where does this come from.

31 National Institute of Building Sciences NIBS NGO authorized by congress 1974 Interface between government and public Mission: Improve the building regulatory environment Facilitate the introduction of new and existing products and technology into the building process Disseminate nationally recognized technical and regulatory information

32 National Institute of Building Sciences 1. Consultative Council 2. BSSC Building Seismic Safety Council 3. BETEC Building Enclosure Technology and Environment Council 4. buildingsmart Alliance 5. High Performance Building Council 6. MMC Multihazard Mitigation Council 7. FMOC Facility Maintenance and Operations - COBIE standards

33 BETEC Building Enclosure Technology and Environment Council Building Enclosure Councils BEST Conferences Whole Building Design Guide Building Envelope Design Guide Building Enclosure Commissioning (NIBS Guideline 3) Journal of Building Enclosure Design (JBED)

34 Building Enclosure Council BEC Originated by AIA, NIBS, and BETEC 2004 Membership includes Architects, engineers, consultants, manufacturers, and contractors Mission: Formed to promote and encourage discussion, training, education, technology transfer, exchange of information regarding local issues, relevant climate conditions, matters concerning building enclosures and the related science.

35 buildingsmart Alliance Started in 2007 Purpose: Information sharing Cultural exchange Building Life-Cycle process

36 buildingsmart Alliance Responsible for: National Building Information Model Standard (NBIMS) United States National CAD Standard (USNCADS) Facilities maintenance and operations committee (FMOC) Administrates Whole Building Design Guide Construction Operations Building Information Exchange (COBIE)

37 NIBS Guideline Exterior Enclosure Technical Requirements for the Commissioning Process Follows the structure and guidance of ASHRAE Guideline Is a template for commissioning new building enclosures Copious Annex Produced by a variety of experts covering the entire enclosure Structured to verify that the building enclosure systems achieve the Owner s Project Requirements

38 A Synergy of Commissioning Standards Building Commissioning as a whole Based on AHSRAE Standards Enclosure Commissioning Based on NIBS Standards

39 ASHRAE Standards ASHRAE Guideline The Commissioning Process ASHRAE Guideline 1-200X Technical Requirements for HVAC&R ASHRAE Guideline 2-200X, 4-200X 8-200X Technical Requirements for Structure, Electrical, Lighting, Interiors, Plumbing & Fire Protection

40 NIBS Guideline Developed jointly by National Institute of Building Science (NIBS) and ASHRAE Is the master commissioning Guide for enclosures Defines scope & timing of enclosure commissioning Requires participants to be accountable to the CX team Provides tools based on Owner s Project Requirements (OPR)

41 Verification of Building Enclosure Performance For Control of: Air flow Water vapor Rain/water penetration Heat flow Light/Solar/Other Radiation Noise and Vibration Fire

42 Provides Assessment Tools for Monitoring Structural Performance Durability Constructability Maintainability Sustainability Value to the Owner

43 BECx Experience based Tools in the Appendix Sample of Annex Titles: Annex F Roles and Responsibilities of team members Annex J Owners Project Requirement Checklist Annex K Basis of Design Checklist Annex L Specifications Annex O Systems Manuals Annex U Enclosure Testing

44 Annex U Example Enclosure Testing Sub-Annex U.1: Laboratory Testing Laboratory Mock-ups Sub-Annex U.2: Field Testing Field testing and mock-ups Incremental testing Air infiltration testing Water infiltration testing Sub-Annex U.3: Resources for Testing Field Testing Standards Technical Information

45 Commissioning a High Performance Building OHSU Center for Health and Healing

46 OHSU Center for Health and Healing 8 floors, 401,316 sq. with 3 level parking garage for 660 cars Mixed-use facility for wellness with gym, swimming and therapy pools, weight training, day spa, multipurpose studios, medical research, clinics, surgery, class rooms and ground floor retail AND A TRAM 20,000 sq. ft eco-roof for fire suppression, toilets and irrigation On-site membrane bio-reactor processes 14,000 gallons of water daily for reuse such as flushing toilets, and irrigation saving an estimated 5 million gallons annually from the City s treatment plant The building was Commissioned.... But was the enclosure?

47 USGBC LEED PLATINUM CERTIFICATION Largest and most complex building in the country to have achieved USGBC LEED Platinum certification 61% more efficient than Oregon State Code 50% more efficient than ASHRAE Standard

48 Sustainability Goals 100% capture/reuse of rainwater 50% or more reduction in use of potable water On-site combined subdistrict heating/cooling plant Treats all sewage onsite for non-potable uses

49 Energy Efficient Design Measures Passive heating/cooling of stair enclosures Radiant cooling of the atrium Heat recovery systems from laboratories Demand controlled ventilation (DCV) Night-flush pre-cooling with outside air Advanced Building commissioning

50 Building Enclosure Elements Fully Unitized Curtain Wall System Factory assembled panels incorporating: Glass Metal Panels Granite Photovoltaic Sunshades Stick Built Curtain Wall Site-built curtain wall at stair towers No commissioning per se Trom Wall Roof Garden

51 OHSU Enclosure Commissioning Peer review Architectural/Structural/MEP documents Specifications Design-Build subcontractor shop drawings Testing Performance Mock-up Testing Field water testing Operations and Maintenance Manuals By design-build subcontractor No contact with building operations going forward

52 Document Peer Review Architect s Documents Specifications Shop Drawings Performance Mock-up Shop Drawings Test Procedures Independent Lab Report Please be careful when you put revisions clouds on your drawings Some of the contractors do not understand

53 Testing Performance Mock-up AAMA Field (water infiltration) AAMA 503

54 Performance Mock-up Test AAMA Thermal Cycling Air Infiltration Resistance Water Infiltration Resistance Static Dynamic Structural Performance Design Proof Load Vertical/Lateral Movement

55 Air / Water Infiltration Resistance Tests ASTM E283 Allowed: 0.06 cfm / sf Achieved: cfm / sf ASTM E331 Allowed: None. Results: Not perfect Issues found and addressed

56 Water Penetration Resistance Test Dynamic Wind Speed: MPH Equivalent to 15 psf (static pressure) Allowed: None Achieved: No water penetration observed

57 Movement Capacity Vertical Wind Live Load Lateral Movement Seismic Movement Tests Vertical Lateral Out-of Plane Lateral In-Plane

58 Movement Capacity Lateral Displacement In-Plane Fully Closed Condition Fully Opened Condition

59 Factory Assembly Observations Inspecting seals Installation of joinery seals

60 Installation Tolerances Installation Tolerances Must be considered during design And accommodated during construction

61 Installation Tolerances

62 Field Test Observations AAMA 503 Field water testing PV sunshade conduit Not normally water resistance In this case it was required

63 Some Commissioning Facts Buildings Commissioned in US since late 1970s 1% of all buildings have been commissioned PECI & BCA Nations top commissioning associations Few voluntary Commissioning Guidelines Authored by ASHRAE, PECI, BCA & NIBS Building Enclosure Commissioning Guide NIBS and ASHRAE produced the only US Government - the world s largest landlord Requires Total Building Commissioning (TBCx) NO professional Certification for TBCx

64 Rx for TBx NIBS Guideline great start in Codifying the BECx process But integration with TBx is a ways off. At the 2008 NCBC, Mark Miller made a call for collaboration to.

65 Mark Miller Chairman of BCA Best Practices Committee Standardize Establish Single Cx Qualifications Integrate Systems Collaborate with NIBS Establish and Agree on Criteria Promote Cx Benefits

66 Rx for Improved BECx Integrate Guideline into the CxA Family Establish a connection between NIBS and BCA Develop a National CxA Certification Standard Encourage certification standards for installation of all major building elements Establish enclosure performance standards and energy use benchmarks before Design starts Participate in development of BIM protocols which will follow the building for its entire life

67 2008 BEST 1 Conference The Green train has left the station but the tracks are still being built. At the far end the 2030 Challenge is imminent. At the beginning there is a lot of good will. There is a chasm between existing and new building stock that must be bridged if that goal is to be achieved. There is confusion on how to accelerate the process of renewal.

68 The Growing Energy Demand By 2025: Global demand increases by 57 % U.S. energy demand increases by 31 % U.S. electricity demand increases by 40 % 300 electric power plants will be needed Source: EPA

69 Prolog to the Future We ve been trying to conserve energy since before the 1974 Oil Embargo 98% of all buildings on the planet this year are existing, only 2% will be new The world s largest landlord will require Net Zero Energy buildings by 2030

70 The train has left the station who is laying the track? If we don t develop the TBCx and BECx training and certification programs how can we get to carbon-neutral buildings by 2030?

71 Who s Going to Lead The role of the lead goose is to break wind on the other geese

72 AIA Quality Assurance Portland Energy Conservation, Inc is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

73 THANK YOU Rob Kistler, AIA 133 SW Second Avenue Suite 200 Portland, OR (503)