ABSTRACT 1. सर व क ष त त र. Surveyed area

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1 1. सर व क ष त त र : ABSTRACT ऩ न मय जरग रहण (आय. र व. ऩ.) 4स 1इ1 त र क स क ष भजरग रहण त र 4स 1इ1एप1, एप2, एप3, एप4, एप5, एप6,ज 1, ज 2, ज 4,एच1, एच2, एच3, एच4, एच5,एभ2 एर व एभ3 ह स य एर व द नकन क ट म त र क क ष ण ग य क षजर (त गभर न ड ) य ज म Surveyed area 2. ब गरक स भ 4C1E1f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, g1, g2, g4, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, m2 and m3 micro-watersheds of 4C1E1 watershed under Ponnayar Catchment in Hosur and Denkanikottai taluk of Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu state : '54''स 12 44'32''उत तयअ श 77 52'33''स '20''ऩ र वव द श तय Geographical extent 12 32' 54'' to 12 44' 32'' N Latitude and 77 52' 33'' to 78 03' 20'' E longitude. 3. क र भ न गचत रत रत तथ रयऩ टव ककम म त रपर Total area surveyed 4. सर व ण क प रक य Kind of survey 5. सर व ण क अर वगध Period of survey 6. आध य भ नगचत र Base map used 7. ट ऩ श ट क रभ क Toposheet Number 8. क त र जरर व म त र Agro-climatic zone : 779,22 ह क टय 22,975 hectare : स द य स र व दन तकगनक क उऩम स त रर वस त त भ द सर व ण Detailed Soil Survey using Remote Sensing Techniques. : नर वफ य, 2015 स पयर वय,2016 November 2015 to Feburary 2016 : उच च रयज़ र शन उऩग रह गचत र (भ ऩक 1:10000) ए र व ट ऩ श ट (भ ऩक 1:50,000) Enlarged Toposheets on 1:10,000 scale and High Resolution Satellite Imageries (Resourcesat-1). : 57एच/14 ए र व 57एर/02 57H/14 and 57L/02. : 10-दक ष ण क ऩठ य औय ऩह ड त र X- Southern Plateau and Hill region i

2 Alesibam Athimugam Avalapalli Bhogapuram Kalingavaram Pathakotte Sanamavu Solaladinne Tuppuganapalli 9. Micro-watershed wise distribution of area (ha) under different Series Soil Series Microwatersheds Misc Total Area 4C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1g C1E1g C1E1g C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1m C1E1m Total Area (%) ii

3 II-1 II-2 IIIe-1 IIIs-1 IIIes-1 IIIes-2 IIIes-3 IIIes-4 IVes-1 IVes-2 VIes-1 VIes Micro-watershed wise distribution of area (ha) under different Land Capability Unit Land Capability Unit Micro- Watersheds 4C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1g C1E1g C1E1g C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1m C1E1m Total area Area (%) Forest Misc Total area iii

4 11. Micro-watershed wise distribution of area (ha) under different soil depth, slope and erosion classes of surveyed area Soil Depth Slope Erosion Microwatersheds d2 d3 d4 d5 B C C(A)1 D E F e1 e2 Sl.No. e3 4C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1f C1E1g C1E1g C1E1g C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1h C1E1m C1E1m Total area Area (%) Misc Total Area iv

5 12. Physico-Chemical properties of Soil S. No Series Name Range of ph Range of EC Range of ESP Calcareousness ph Value Severity EC Value Severity ESP Value Severity Valu e Severity Range of Organic carbon (OC) 1 Alesibam Acidic Normal Non Nil Non Low 3195 Neutral 2 Athimugam Acidic Normal Non Nil Non Very low to 4981 medium 3 Avalapalli Acidic Normal Non Nil Non Very low to 829 low 4 Bhogapuram Neutral Normal Non Nil Non 1.1 to 1.4 Very high Kalingavaram Neutral Normal Non Nil Non low to very 1306 high 6 Pathakotte Neutral Normal Non Nil Non Very low to 2079 high 7 Sanamavu Neutral Normal Non 1.2- Non High to very high 8 Settipalli Neutral Normal Non Low to 2219 Alkaline 17.9 medium 9 Solaladinne Neutral Normal Non Nil Non Medium Tuppuganapa lli 5.8 Acidic 0.10 Normal 0.87 Non Nil Non 2.0 very high 907 Miscellaneous 2151 Source- ph, EC, OC, ESP rating criteria as per SLUSI working manual for soil analysis OC (%) Area (ha) Total v

6 13. भ ख म त रर वश त ए / Salient features: - a. सर व क ष त त र क भ ख म ब तत त र व न स ( %) ए र व जर ढ गभट ट (18.71%) ह Geology of the surveyed area is Gneiss (71.93 %) and Alluvium (18.71 %). b. क र सर व क ष त त र भ 8176 ह क ट मय (35.59 प रगतशत) भध मभ हय गभट ट (अगरस फभ एर व अगथभ भ श र ण ) स आच छ कदत ह 7521 ह क ट मय (32.74 प रगतशत) त र ऊथर गभट ट (ब ऩ य भ, कर न र वय भ, सन भ र व, स र रकदन ए र व त प ऩ न ऩल र श र ण ) स आच छ कदत ह एर व 4298 ह क ट मय (18.71 प रगतशत ) त र फह त हय गभट ट (ऩथ क ट ट ए र व स ट ट ऩल र श र ण ) ह 829 ह क ट मय त र (3.61 प रगतशत) हय गभट ट स आच छ कदत ह (अर वर ऩल र ) तथ 2151 ह क ट मय त र (3.61 प रगतशत) त रर वत रर वध ब गभ स आच छ कदत ह An area of 8176 hectares (35.59 %) of the total surveyed area is covered by moderately deep soils of Alesibam and Athimugam series. An area of 7521 ha (32.74 %) of the surveyed area is under shallow soils like Bhogapuram, Kalingavaram, Sanamavu, Solaladinne and Tuppuganapalli series. Very deep soils representing 4298 hectares (18.71%) of the total surveyed area is covered by soil series namely Pathakotte and Settipalli only about 829 ha (3.61%) is under deep soils of Avalapalli series. Remaining area of 2151 hectares is covered by miscellaneous lands. c. क र सर व ण त र 9231 ह क ट मय (40.18 प रगतशत) 3-5% ढर न भ आत ह 6209 ह क ट मय (27.03 प रगतशत) 1-3% ढर न ब गभ क अ त वत आत ह र ब 2213 ह क ट मय (9.63 प रगतशत) 5-10% ढर न र व र ब गभ ह तथ 1742 ह क ट मय (7.58 प रगतशत) % ढर न स प रब त रर वत ह 1211 ह क ट मय (5.27 प रगतशत) स भ न म 3-5% ढर न भ आत ह ए र व स ढ द य ढर न स प रब त रर वत ह फच ह आ 218 ह क ट मय त र (0.95 प रगतशत) 15-25% ढर न स प रब त रर वत ह Out of total surveyed area of hectares, an area of 9231 hectares (40.18 %) is having 3-5 % slope followed by an area of 6209 hectares (27.03%) having 1-3 % slope, 2213 hectares (9.63%) having 5-10 % slope, 1742 hectares (7.58%) having %, 1211 hectares (5.27%) having general slope 3-5% and was terraced to 0-1% slope. Remaining and remaining 218 hectares (0.95 %) having % slope. d. क र सर व ण ककम त र क र ब ह क ट मय (63.50%) त र भध मभ ब - यण स प रब त रर वत ह औय 3879 ह क ट मय (16.88 %) ब गभ गतव र ब - यण स प रब त रर वत ह ए र व फच ह आ 2357 ह क ट मय त र (10.26 प रगतशत) ब गभ अल ऩ ब - यण स प रब त रर वत ह An area of hectares representing % of the total surveyed area is susceptible to moderate erosion, 3879 hectares representing % is affected by severe erosion and the remaining area of 2357 hectares representing 10.26% is prone for none to slight erosion. e. त र भ अगधक श ब गभ भत क -III ह क ट मय (50.78 प रगतशत) क अ त वत ह, ब गभ भत र व व-IV भ 3348 ह क ट मय (14.57 %) तथ 2459 ह क ट मय त र (10.70 प रगतशत) ब गभ भत क -VI औय फच ह आ 1637 ह क ट मय त र (7.13 प रगतशत) ब गभ भत क -II भ प र ह ई ह Majority of the area is under Land Capability -III (11666 ha, %) followed by -IV (3348 ha, 14.57%), class-vi (2459 ha 10.70%) and the remaining area covered under class-ii (1637ha 7.13%) other than miscellaneous area. vi

7 HOW TO USE SOIL SURVEY REPORT This report on Detailed Soil Survey and Land Use Plan in 4C1E1f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, g1, g2, g4, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, m2 and m3 micro-watersheds of 4C1E1 watershed under Ponnayar Catchment in Hosur and Denkanikottai taluk of Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu state Using Remote Sensing Techniques contains detailed information about the soils of the area. This information is for various purposes including development of strategies for sustainable agro-production system development for the area. This report provides information on soil for planning cropping schedules, soil and water management programmes including soil conservation practices. The requisite information for desired locality could be obtained from the report as follows: Initially, the user needs to locate the area of interest on soil map appended with this report and note the soil-mapping units enclosed by the soil boundary. This identification is done with the help of permanent features like roads, ponds, streams, village site, revenue survey number of the field, etc. On the soil map, area covered by a soil-mapping unit is marked by a mapping symbol. Each of the soil-mapping unit refers to a particular kind of soil type and its related properties e.g. soil depth, surface texture, slope, erosion, gravelliness, stoniness, rockiness. A soil mapping unit having mapping symbol, PK5dB1 indicates: a) Abbreviated name of soil series PK for Pathakotte b) Soil depth 5 for very deep soil depth (more than 100 cm.) c) Soil texture d for sandy loam texture d) Slope class B for 1-3% slope and e) Erosion class 1 for non to slight erosion Detailed information on soil series, profile description and other related soil characteristics is given in Chapter 4 entitled Soils of the Area and in Description of representative pedons in Appendix II. Soil classification of the soils of the area is done according to the Soil Taxonomy (USDA) 2014 and has been provided in Table-10. Appendix III entitled Village wise mapping units list in different micro-watersheds information on the soil mapping units mapped in the area vis-à-vis physiographic position, predominant slope, present land use, soil conservation measures adopted and land capability is given. vii

8 Appendix I, entitled Guide to soil mapping units multipurpose interpretation of each soil mapping unit is presented. Mapping units mapped in the surveyed area have been listed along with respective description. Furthermore, this provides information on area of mapping unit in each micro-watershed followed by the interpretation with respect of land capability units, soil and land irrigability classification, paddy soil grouping and hydrological soil groupings. This table readily provides information on soil and land characteristics and their use potential at a glance thus can be very helpful. In Chapter-7 section-7.1 on land capability classification, two types of problems viz. 1) Inherent problem and 2) improvable problem /correctable problems have been listed for each of the land capability unit mapped along with the recommendations for soil conservation, treatment needs and crop production. These recommendations are brief and suggestive but are adequate for broad level watershed management planning. For specific planning and potential for a particular land use of any site or area of interest the user agencies can use their local experiences and knowledge about the area and may make necessary modifications as warranted. General recommendations for the soil and water conservation have been given in Chapter-8 Specific problems and Recommendations. For any suggestion, comment, or clarification further correspondence/personal contact may be established with The Chief Soil Survey Officer Soil & Land Use Survey of India IARI Buildings, New Delhi The Soil Survey Officer Soil & Land Use Survey of India Survey No.207, Kodigehalli Vidyaranyapura post, Bangalore Ph: Fax: csso-slusi@nic.in, slusi-agri@nic.in Ph: , Fax: soilkar@nic.in Visit us at- viii

ABSTRACT. 4. Kind of survey : Detailed Soil Survey using Remote Sensing Techniques. 5. Period of survey : February, 2013 to March, 2013

ABSTRACT. 4. Kind of survey : Detailed Soil Survey using Remote Sensing Techniques. 5. Period of survey : February, 2013 to March, 2013 Detailed Soil Survey and Land use Plan of 4D4C6b5, b6, b7, b8, c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, d1, d2, d3, f1, f2, f3, g4, g5, h1, h2, h3, h4, j1, j2, j3, j4, j5 micro watersheds of 4D4C6 watershed in 4D4C Subcatchment