An aerial photo of the Martin Fire on July 10 th, 2018 in northern Nevada. 1 9/24/2018 Photo Credit: Bureau of Land Management

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1 An aerial photo of the Martin Fire on July 10 th, 2018 in northern Nevada 1 9/24/2018 Photo Credit: Bureau of Land Management

2 Improving Restoration Success with Seed Enhancement Technologies Travis G. Sowards Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT Zachary T. Aanderud, Steven L. Petersen, Samuel B. St. Clair, Stanley G. Kitchen, Matthew D. Madsen

3 Limitations S-Abscisic Acid Targeted Fungicides 3 9/24/2018

4 Unfortunately, dryland systems characteristically experience low seedling establishment 4 9/24/2018 Figure: Matt Madsen, BYU

5 Research conducted at five sites across the Great Basin in Fall of /24/2018

6 S-Abscisic Acid Reestablishing Primary Dormancy to Increase Restoration Success

7 Dormancy maximizes seedling survival by regulating germination to more favorable conditions 7 9/24/2018 Svejcar T, James JJ, Hardegree S, Sheley RL (2014) Incorporating plant mortality and recruitment into rangeland management and assessment. Rangel Ecol Manag 67:

8 Successful restoration seeding cannot share natural recruitment strategies 8 9/24/2018

9 Reestablishing primary dormancy in fall sown seed to provide overwintering protection 9 9/24/2018

10 We coated a model species with a range of S-ABA levels Control (No coating, no S-ABA) Variables Blank (Coating, no S-ABA) ABA (g S-ABA 100 g-1 seed) 3, 6, 9, 12, /24/2018 Add a footer

11 S-Abscisic acid (S-ABA) in seed coatings can reestablish primary dormancy to purchased seed 11 9/24/2018

12 Reestablished dormancy in fall sown seed exhibited variable emergence results 12 9/24/2018

13 Additional data are needed from S-ABA research over a broader scope of climate and site conditions 13 9/24/2018

14 Targeted Fungicides Enhanced Protection from Seed and Soil Borne Pathogens

15 Fungal pathogens are pernicious predators of dormant fall-sown seed Fusarium sp. Pythium sp. Sclerotinia sp. 15 9/24/2018

16 Application of a fungicide to the seed testa will protect seed and seedlings from known pathogens 16 9/24/2018

17 We applied a fungicide formulated to target known pathogens for our model species Control (No coating, no fungicide) Variables Blank (Coating, no fungicide) Fungicide (Coating & fungicide) 17 9/24/2018

18 Fungicide enhanced seeds outperformed untreated seed at four of the five study sites a a a Control Blank Emergence (%) b b ab b a b b a b b b b Fungicide 5 0 Kious Basin Lehman Flats Lookout Pass Santaquin Catlow Valley 18 9/24/2018

19 Further fungicide studies repeated over a wider range of site conditions is needed 19 9/24/2018

20 Seed enhancement technologies offer novel approaches to successfully restore dryland systems 20 9/24/2018 Photo credit: William Richardson, BYU

21 In no other ecosystem is the urgency of a new perspective [towards Thank restoration] you greater than in the world s drylands (James et al 2013) 21 9/24/2018 James, J. J., Sheley, R. L., Erickson, T., Rollins, K. S., Taylor, M. H., Dixon, K. W. (2013). A systems approach to restoring degraded drylands.. Journal of Applied Ecology.

22 Acknowledgements Thanks to William Richardson, Ryan Call, Tyson Terry, Rhett Anderson, David Tryon, Mitch Thacker, Ben Hoose, Janae Radke, Soren Larson, Nick Hayward, Adrian Rivera, Natalie Sowards and Jakob Su a-filo for assisting in collecting and processing data for this research. Funding was provided by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources Great Basin Research Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service Wildlife and Sport Fish Restoration Program, US National Park Service Great Basin National Park, Joint Fire Science Program, and the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies. 22 9/24/2018

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