The effects of biomass removal on mechanized planting and mounding
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1 The effects of biomass on mechanized planting and mounding NSFP-seminar: Forest regeneration and bioenergy Vantaa Veli-Matti Saarinen Finnish Forest Research Institute Suonenjoki Research Unit
2 Aim of the study To study the effects of logging residues (slash) and stump on site preparation and planting (Norway spruce) Work productivity Work quality Initial regeneration costs Survival and growth increment and total regeneration costs of the planted seedlings (after the 3 rd growing season) To clarify possibilities to use new methods in forest regeneration operations after logging residues or/and stump harvesting
3 1. Mechanized planting Planting methods EcoPlanter planting machine Bräcke planting machine Spot mounding + manual planting Sites Normal mineral soil Stony mineral soil Thick humus layer on fine grained soil Logging residues (slash) (yes/no) 2 yrs Norway spruce, peat plug
4 Bräcke planting machine Mounted to an excavator or a harvester crane Mound is made by mounding blade The soil around seedling is compacted Phases of spot mounding and planting (a e) :
5 EcoPlanter planting machine Is mounted to a harvester crane Mounds (2) are made by rotovator wheels Possible to plant 2 seedlings simultaneously The soil around seedlings is not compacted
6 Productivity of planting Planted seedlings per effective hour (E 0 ) No slash Slash No slash Slash No slash Slash Drained mire (stonefree) Normal Stony Ecoplanter Bräcke
7 Quality of the planted mounds (all sites) Surface layer of the mounds Proportion 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Pile of slash Humus Humus - mineral soil Mineral soil - humus Mineral soil No slash Slash No slash Slash No slash Slash Ecoplanter Bräcke Mounding and manual planting
8 Survival and growth (3 growing season after planting, normal site) Heigth -03, cm Height growth -04, cm Survival,% cm % No Yes No Yes No Yes 60 EcoPlanter Bräcke Manual planting Planting method, logging residues harvesting (Yes/No)
9 Survival and growth (3 growing season after planting, drained mire) Heigth -03, cm Height growth -04, cm Survival,% cm % No Yes No Yes No Yes 60 EcoPlanter Bräcke Manual planting Planting method, logging residues harvesting (Yes/No)
10 Survival and growth (3 growing season after planting, stony site ) Heigth -03, cm Height growth -04, cm Survival,% cm % No Yes No Yes No Yes 60 EcoPlanter Bräcke Manual planting Planting method, logging residues harvesting (Yes/No)
11 2. Mounding (spot mounding) Mounding methods Excavator mounted Ditching bucket (without soil compaction) Mounding blade (Naarva) Forwarder mounted mounders Bräcke BD 296 Toimi Varis Low and medium stony sites on mineral soil Logging residues (slash) (yes/no) Manual planting, 2 yrs Norway spruce, peat plug
12 Excavator mounted mounders Forwarder mounted mounders Ditching bucket Toimi Varis Bräcke BD 296 (in figure) Mounding blade
13 Productivity of mounding Excavator mounted mounders On average 22% higher productivity (310 mounds/h (E 0 )) after slash with mounding blade On average 40% higher productivity (500 mounds/h (E 0 )) after slash with ditching bucket On average 50% higher productivity with ditching bucket On average 0,2-0,3 hectares per effective hour (E 0 ) Forwarder mounted mounders Not noticeably higher work productivity after slash On average 0,9-1,1 hectares per effective hour (E 0 )
14 Quality of mounding (planting points of the seedlings, low stony site) Mound Patch Uncultivated seedlings/ha No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Bucket Blade Toimi Varis Bräcke Excavator mounted Forwarder mounted Mounding method, logging residues harvesting (no/yes)
15 Quality of mounding (planting points of the seedlings, medium stony site) Mound Patch Uncultivated seedlings/ha No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Bucket Blade Toimi Varis Bräcke Excavator mounted Forwarder mounted Mounding method, logging residues harvesting (no/yes)
16 Survival and growth (3 growing season after planting, low stony site) Heigth -04, cm Height growth -05, cm Survival,% cm % No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Excavator, bucket Excavator, blade Toimi Varis Bräcke BD 296 Site preparation method, logging residues harvesting (Yes/No)
17 Survival and growth (3 growing season after planting, medium stony site) Heigth -04, cm Height growth -05, cm Survival,% cm % No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes Excavator, bucket Excavator, blade Toimi Varis Bräcke BD 296 Site preparation method, logging residues harvesting (Yes/No)
18 3. Effects of stump harvesting Regeneration chains Mounding (bucket)+manual planting Stump extraction with rake+mounding (bucket)+manual planting Ecoplanter Stump extraction with rake+ecoplanter Combined stump extraction and mounding+manual planting 2 yrs Norway spruce, peat plug Excavator mounted stump rake with mounding blade for combined stump extraction and mounding
19 Time consumption 18 Effective hours (E 0) per hectar Separate mounding time Mounding time Stump extraction time 0 Only stump extraction Combined stump extraction and mounding Stump extraction and separate bucket mounding
20 Planting position of the seedlings Spot mound "Stump rake mound" Patch "Stump removing patch" Rotovated mound "Stump removing mound" "Stump rake patch" Uncultivated 2000 seedlings/ha No Yes No Yes No Exc. bucket (spot mounding) Ecoplanter Stump removing (No, Yes) Site preparation/planting method Combined
21 Survival and growth (3 growing season after planting) Heigth -04, cm Height growth -05, cm Survival,% cm % No Yes No Yes Yes 80 Excavator, bucket+manual planting Ecoplanter Combined+ manual planting Site preparation/planting method, stump extraction (Yes/No)
22 Broadleaf trees (2 growing season after site preparation or stump extraction) stems per hectar No stump extraction, mounding (excavator, bucket) Combined stump extraction and mounding
23 Conclusions Benefits of slash and stump Higher (0 20 %) work productivity in planting Higher (0 40 %) work productivity in mounding Possible to use different (more cost-effective) regeneration methods as before, for example Planting machines Forwarder mounted mounders Combined stump extraction and mounding The effects of logging residues and stump on growth increment and survival of the seedlings has not been very strong so far
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