Indonesia. Introduction CIFOR in a nut-shell Learning from CDM project development

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Dwight Gaines
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1 REDD Global Comparative Study: Indonesia Daniel Murdiyarso Outline Introduction CIFOR in a nut-shell Learning from CDM project development GCS-REDD at CIFOR REDD process and strategy REDD demonstration activities Monitoring and reference levels REDD Development in Indonesia The way forward 2

2 Who we are 3 Purpose We advance human wellbeing, environmental conservation and equity by conducting research to inform policies and practices that affect forests in developing countries. 4

3 How we work 200 staff globally A centre without walls, working in partnership with: governments nongovernmental organisations international organisations development agencies civil society foresters media private sector 5 Where we work Headquarters: Bogor, Indonesia 6

4 Where we work Burkina Faso Cameroon 2 Regional offices 7 Where we work Bolivia Brazil Guinea Zambia Ethiopia Laos Vietnam 7 Project offices 8

5 Where we work 37 Research sites 9 Identified AR CDM Projects Location Carbon sequestration ti Intermediary (ton CO 2 /yr) Tanah Datar, West Sumatra 231,000 NGO Pasaman, West Sumatra Batanghari, Jambi 801, ,000 Local government University Krui, Lampung Bogor, West Java 87,000 NGO 34,000 State-owned company Kuningan, West Java 118,000 NGO Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta 235,000 Local government Riam Kanan, S. Kalimantan 327,000 Local government Source: Ministry of Environment (2003) Sidrap Bombana 10

6 Publications 11 Public Awareness 12

GCS REDD at CIFOR REDD process and strategies (C1) REDD demonstration activities (C2) Monitoring and reference level (C3) 13 C1: National REDD processes Objectives To analyze the policy processes

7 GCS REDD at CIFOR REDD process and strategies (C1) REDD demonstration activities (C2) Monitoring and reference level (C3) 13 C1: National REDD processes Objectives To analyze the policy processes (institutional conditions, political economy), policy discourses, and policy networks To assess the adequacy of strategies and response measures to secure 3E outcomes To identify and compare structural and governance barriers for 3E REDD outcomes, and entry points for investments 14

How: situational analysis, R- PP scoring Crosscountry comparative analysis Comparative analysis Why: to identify structural and governance barriers for 3E REDD outcomes, and entry points for

8 Research methodology Country profile Why: to reveal contextual conditions How: literature review, expert interviews Country case studies Process Analysis Why: to analyze actors, structures and mechanisms How: media-based analysis, policy network analysis Strategy Assessment Why: to assess the adequacy of proposed response measures to secure 3E outcomes? How: situational analysis, R- PP scoring Crosscountry comparative analysis Comparative analysis Why: to identify structural and governance barriers for 3E REDD outcomes, and entry points for investments How: comparative policy network analysis, qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) 15 C2: REDD demonstration activities Objectives - to document and analyze: Current forest management practices Degree of involvement in shaping and implementing project Degree of understanding of REDD & project Objectives to lay foundation for: Understanding local causes of deforestation and degradation Ranking household wellbeing, livelihoods, assets Tenure arrangement MRV and reference level development 16

Methods: research design 17 C3: Monitoring and

stakeholders are using a model to develop

support negotiation of REDD reference levels,

REDD practitioners are using knowledge on the

participation in carbon accounting, and have

9 Methods: research design 17 C3: Monitoring and Reference level Policy-makers and other stakeholders are using a model to develop reasonable business as usual scenarios to support negotiation of REDD reference levels, taking into account national circumstances. REDD practitioners are using knowledge on the cost-efficient integration of community participation in carbon accounting, and have access to newly-available data for the accurate estimation of carbon stocks and changes. 18

10 Latin America Country selection Year 1 Year 2-3 Bolivia Brazil Bolivia Brazil Peru? Africa Cameroon Cameroon Tanzania DRC Asia Indonesia Indonesia Vietnam Nepal 19 Top 21 CO2 emitters

11 PRELIMINARY LULUCF and Peatlands emissions Projected emissions 1, Million tons CO 2 e 1,800 1,591 1,615 1,619 1,600 Emissions from 1,400 1,200 1, LULUCF are expected to decrease by app. 170 MtCO2e while emissions from fire and peat decomposition are expected to increase by app. 120 MtCO2e and MtCO2e respectively LULUCF Fire 0 Peat decomposition 1 Including absorption in secondary forests and estate crops plantation 21 SOURCE: Indonesia GHG Abatement Cost Curve, DNPI (2009) 21 Potential REDD Projects in Indonesia Deep to very deep (7.2 Mha = 19 GtC) Shallow to deep (5.8 Mha = 11 GtC) Shallow to moderate (8.0 Mha = 3 GtC) Source: 22

12 Potential REDD Projects in Indonesia Project Name Location Total Area CO 2 savings/ year Key Proponents Current Status 1. REDD in Ulu Masen Ecosystem A Triple Benefit fitproject Aceh 750,000 ha (7,500 km2) 3,300,000 tons Carbon Conservation; Fauna and Flora International ti l(ffi) (FFI), CCBA audit approved 6 Feb 08; MoU signed between Carbon Conservation and the Government Provincial Govt. of Aceh (Aceh Green) of Aceh; Term sheet signed between Carbon Conservation and Merrill Lynch. 2. REDD and HTI Partnerships for Kampar District, i Riau, 400,000 ha (4,000 km2) 16,000,000 tons APRIL (Asia Pacific Resources International A collaborative effort to undertake sustainable palm oil development Avoided Emissions Supporting Sustainable Dev. Holdings Ltd.) while simultaneously generating emissions reductions on peatlands and implementing CSR programs 3. Kuala Kampar REDD Pilot Project Riau, 700,000 ha (7,000 km2) Unknown World Wide Fund for Nt Nature Undertake feasibility study; Prepare PIN and PDD; Identify investors 4. Tesso Nilo REDD Pilot Project Riau, Sumatra 50,000 ha (500 km2) Unknown World Wide Fund for Nature Undertake feasibility study; Prepare PIN and PDD; Identify investors 5. Harapan Rainforest Jambi and 101,000 ha Unknown Burung Indonesia ; The Project REDD in Restoration Concession South Sumatra (1,010 km2) Royal Society for the Protection of Birds; Birdlife International 6. Berbak Carbon Value Initiative Jambi, Sumatera 250,000 ha (2,500 km2) 700,000 tons ERM; The Zoological Society of ; Project Information Note (PIN) prepared (Source: World Bank, 2009) 23 Potential REDD Projects in Indonesia Project Name Location Total Area CO 2 savings/ year Key Proponents Current Status 7. Danau Sentarum Conservation Area Kapuas Hulu District, W. Kalimantan 500,000 ha (5,000 km2) 7,430,000 tons FFI; PT Macquarie Capital Securities Indonesia This is one of six REDD pilots to be implemented through the FFI / Macquaries partnership; Carbon Forests Task Force has been formed; Forest C measurement (Jan Jun 09); 8. Seruyan Seruyan 50,000 ha (500 Unknown Infinite Earth Unknown District, C. Kalimantan km2) 9. Kalimantan Forest Carbon Partnership (KFCP) Kapuas District, C. Kalimantan 340,000 ha (3,400 km2) 23,333,000 tons Australian Govt. Framework design nearly finalised; next step is full demonstration activity design and implementation between July December Katingan Kabupaten Unknown Unknown Starling Resources Unknown Conservation Area: A Global Peatland Capstone Project 11. Mawas Peatland Conservation Area Project 12. Sebangau National Park REDD Project Katingan & Kotawaringin C. Kalimantan Sebangau River Central Kalimantan (Source: World Bank, 2009) 364,000 ha (3,640 km2) 1,442,288 tons The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation; The Dutch Govt.; Shell 50,000 ha (500 Unknown WWF; Deutsche Post; BOS km2) Mawas Program; Wetlands Int l Indon Program; Care Int l; Palangka Raya Univ. Completion of PDD (Project Document Design); validated by Winrock Int l Undertake feasibility study; Prepare PIN and PDD; Identify investors 24

Potential REDD Projects in Indonesia Project Name Location Total Area CO 2 savings/ year 13. Malinau Avoided Deforestation Project 14.

Forest land use and Climate Change Kabupaten Malinau, Kabupaten Berau, 325,000 ha (3,250 km2) 971,245 ha (9,712 km2) REDD Pilot Project

Mamuju Habitat Mamuju District, 30,000 ha (300 W. Sulawesi km2) 18. Perpetual Finance for Carbon Benefits, Community Development Project 19.

Merauke Mappi Asmat Pilot Project REDD (Source: World Bank, 2009) 200,000 ha (2,000 km2) Key Proponents Current Status Unknown; project life

initiatives; 5,000,000 tons The Nature Conservancy; Scoping phase completed; Detailed (ICRAF); Sekala; Univ.

Synergies Working group formed; Case Studies Workshop (Sep 09) 250,000 tons Keep the Habitat; Inhutani I Suspending legal forest harvesting;

13 Potential REDD Projects in Indonesia Project Name Location Total Area CO 2 savings/ year 13. Malinau Avoided Deforestation Project 14. Climate Action Project ( Carbon Program) 15. Heart of Borneo REDD Pilot Project 16. Forest land use and Climate Change Kabupaten Malinau, Kabupaten Berau, 325,000 ha (3,250 km2) 971,245 ha (9,712 km2) REDD Pilot Project Central Kalimantan 22,000,000 ha (220, km2) Bolaang District 34,989 ha (350 N. Sulawesi km2) 17. Mamuju Habitat Mamuju District, 30,000 ha (300 W. Sulawesi km2) 18. Perpetual Finance for Carbon Benefits, Community Development Project 19. Jayapura REDD Pilot Project Kabuaten Mimika, Merauke, Papua Jayapura District, Papua MMA Districts, Papua 20. Merauke Mappi Asmat Pilot Project REDD (Source: World Bank, 2009) 200,000 ha (2,000 km2) Key Proponents Current Status Unknown; project life Global Eco Rescue; Tropical Initial stakeholder meetings held; 25 years Rainforest Foundation; Inhutani design of community development initiatives; 5,000,000 tons The Nature Conservancy; Scoping phase completed; Detailed (ICRAF); Sekala; Univ. program design (Jun 09); Funding Mulawarman; Winrock Int l; secured (Dec 09) Unknown World Wide Fund for Nature Unknown 170,000 tons Green Synergies Working group formed; Case Studies Workshop (Sep 09) 250,000 tons Keep the Habitat; Inhutani I Suspending legal forest harvesting; Protecting the area from illegal logging, clearing and burning 1,000,000 2,000,000 tons New Forests Asset Management; PT Emerald Planet MoU signed between and the Govt. of Papua; in the process of applying for licenses and validation under the internationally recognized Voluntary Carbon Standard; first sales expected early ,634 ha Unknown World Wide Fund for Nature Undertake feasibility study; Develop (2,176 km2) baseline; Prepare PIN and PDD; Identify investors Unknown Unknown World Wide Fund for Nature Undertake feasibility study; Prepare PIN andpdd; Identify investors 25 26

14 Reference level and MRV LF/HD HF/HD HF/LD LF/LD 27 Forest transition national equity Forest cover RL Papua RL Kalimantan RL Java RL Sumatra Undisturbed forests Forest frontiers Forest/agric. mosaics Forest/plantations/ agric. mosaics Time 28

15 REDD Readiness in Indonesia Land-use strategies (REDDI) Institutions (MoF, MoE, BAPPENAS, NCCC) R l ti (M F) Regulations (MoF) MRV (Needs, gaps) incl. Reference Level Fi i l h Financial mechansms Multilateral support WB FCPF UN REDD Bilateral support (AusAID, AID KOICA, GTZ, DfID, etc.) 29 REDD+: can we integrate A/R CDM? REDD Conservation SFM Source: Pedroni (2009) ECS 30

16 How should the integration be? xxx x x x x x x x x x x x x xxxx x xxxxx 31 Canal blocking 32

Drainage control 33 Conclusions Research & REDD development, incl.

Capability building Community engagement Financing MRV National and sub

tenure issues Options for income generation Voluntary//fund/markets

17 Drainage control 33 Conclusions Research & REDD development, incl. in peatlands policy support Scientifically sound regulatory framework Capability building Community engagement Financing MRV National and sub national level Technical and financial during readiness phase Related to tenure issues Options for income generation Voluntary//fund/markets mechanism Benefit sharing across stakeholders Sophisticated vs cost-efficient monitoring National registry 34

18 Thank you g

Additional Data File 2.

Additional Data File 2. Summary of projects, programs and policy initiatives under the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) framework taking place in (or with a policy focus