Indonesian REDD+ After Paris: Quo vadis. Daniel Murdiyarso

Transcription

1 Indonesian REDD+ After Paris: Quo vadis Daniel Murdiyarso

2 Outline At the beginning The core idea of REDD+ Fast tracking REDD+ The barriers for a national approach and sub national implementation? What lessons did we learn? In a nutshell

3 Thursday, May 27, 2010 Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a twoyear moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his country which also contributes heavily to global warming. "We will... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop the conversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint press conference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before an international deforestation conference starts in Oslo. The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed to contribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests. Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests, which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen. The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world's deforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo. Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmental protection groups... AFP

4 Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balance between the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight against climate change. Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the country to set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014 the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress. "If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduced deforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference. According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes of transport combined. The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner ($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fight deforestation around the world. Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, has already signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana. -AFP-

5 Necessary tools needed National Strategy MRV system (Forest)Reference Emission Level Safeguards (SES and SIS) Financial mechanism Are they publically accessed? Enabling instrument/pam? National Designated Authority?

6 The core idea of REDD+ Carbon value of forests Performance-based Co-benefits Sustainable Development Goals

7 Fast tracking REDD+ in Indonesia TRANSFORMATIONAL REFORMS Tenure reform Governance Decentralisation May or may not directly lead to REDD+ But has positive effects on equity and poverty reduction, necessary for the long-term success of REDD+ efforts SPECIFIC POLICIES PES (payments for environmental services) Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) Agricultural policies Woodfuel policies Land use restrictions Sustainable forest management simpler, technically and politically

8 Potential barriers Institutional/ Governance Sectoral bandwidth Authority and mandate Legal/ Regulatory framework Rules of the game Disharmony across sectors and regional Technical MRV system Capacity to reduce uncertainties, including EF and AD

9 Potential REDD+ projects Ketapang/FFI/Kalbar Kapuas Hulu /FORCLIME/Kalbar Kapuas Hulu/FFI/Kalbar Sentarum/FFI/Kalbar Lamandau/YAYORIN-RARE/Kalteng Rimba Raya/RRC-Infinite Earth/Kalteng Katingan/RMU-Starling Resources/Kalteng Sebangau/WWF/Kalteng KFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Kalteng Heart of Borneo/WWF/Kalteng Kutai Barat/WWF/Kaltim Kutai-Malinau/Global Green/Kaltim RHOI/BOS/Kaltim Malinau/GER/Kaltim Malinau/FORCLIME/Kaltim Berau Forest Carbon/TNC/Kaltim Berau/FORCLIME/Kaltim Mamuju/Inhutani/SulBar TN Lore Lindu/UNREDD-MoFo/Sulteng SM Nantu/YANI/Gorontalo Poigar/ONF/Sulut Merang/GiZ/Sumsel Berbak/ZSL/Jambi SFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Jambi Kampar Ring/APRIL/Riau Tesso Nilo/WWF/Riau Siberut/Global Green/Sumbar Leuser/YLI/Aceh Ulu Masen/Aceh Green/Aceh Lombok/KOICA-MoFo/NTB TN Meru Betiri/ITTO-MoFo/Jatim Biak-Rumfor/Emerald Planet Mamberamo/New Forest Merauke-Mappi-Asmat/WWF Jayapura/WWF TEBE Project/YTM-AusAID/NTB

10 National Parks B. Tigapuluh B. Duabelas G. Palung Kutai Lore Lindu Baluran

11 National Parks and REDD demonstration sites B. Tigapuluh B. Duabelas Sumatra AusAID GTZ Kalimantan FORCLIME AusAID G. Palung Kutai Sulawesi UN-REDD Lore Lindu As of April 2010 Baluran Java/Lombok ITTO KOICA

12 National Parks and voluntary REDD sites B. Tigapuluh B. Duabelas Kalimantan FFI/PHKA BOS GER/Inhutani WWF G. Palung Kutai Sulawesi Green Synergy Inhutani Lore Lindu Papua WWF New Forest Emerald Planet Sumatra Govt Aceh/FFI WWF APRIL RSPB/ Burung ZSL Baluran As of April 2010

13 (Forest) Reference Emission Level Forest C- sto ocks Base Period Or Historical baseline Crediting period = 35 years? With REDD+ With REDD 5 or 10 years? Without REDD (BAU)

14 (Forest) Reference Emission Level Gt CO2-eq C-emission Base Period Or Historical baseline Crediting period = 35 years? Without REDD (BAU) With REDD With REDD+ 5 or 10 years?

15 Cluster of forest cover and deforestation rate LF/HD HF/HD HF/LD LF/LD

16 Forest transition - national Forest cover Papua Kalimantan Java Sumatra Undisturbed forests Forest frontiers Forest/agric. mosaics Forest/plantations/ agric. mosaics Time

17 TREND-D for a quota system Province A Province B Province C Existing forest Forest area or C-st tocks Expected Deforestation Agreed national reference level Forested district

18 Approaches for accounting & crediting National approach Creates country ownership Addresses domestic leakage Susceptible to governance failures Less likely to mobilize private investment Sub-national Allow early action and wide participation Susceptible to domestic leakage Cannot address wider driving forces of deforestation and forest degradation Nested approach Allows early start with sub-national activities and gradually move to a national approach Challenges to harmonize two levels

19 Lessons learned from the reforestation fund study Build capacity for financial management and revenue admin Strengthen corruption and fraud eradication initiatives Support financial monitoring, reporting, and verification Adjust policies to remove misaligned and perverse incentives Promote equitable distribution of benefits and mitigate negative impacts on smallholders

20 In the Paris Agreement

21 In a nutshell REDD+ must be new... but build on lessons learned REDD+ must be transformational... but shows a world where change is incremental REDD+ requires targeted interventions strong broad sectoral coordination is needed REDD+ Strategy is ready... but projects are challenging REDD+ can synergize adaptation... but no silver bullets

22 THANK YOU THANK YOU