Simula'ng the Impacts of Woody Biomass Harves'ng on North Temperate Forest Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling and Storage

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1 Simula'ng the Impacts of Woody Biomass Harves'ng on North Temperate Forest Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling and Storage Dong Hua 1, Ankur Desai 1, Paul Bolstad 2, Bruce Cook 3, Robert Scheller 4 1 Center for ClimaAc Research, University of Wisconsin- Madison 2 Dept. of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota- Twin CiAes 3 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory 4 Dept. of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University

2 Outlines MoAvaAon Methodology Model descripaon SimulaAon results Conclusions Future work 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

3 Mo'va'ons How the role of forest ecosystems in carbon sequestraaon would be altered by woody biomass harvesang and how this would influence future climate change? What would be short and long term responses of forest ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to biomass harvesang? Can we provide a framework for incorporaaon of carbon management and sustainable forest management pracaces? 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

4 Why north temperate forests North temperate forests cover ~29 million ha or 9.6% of forested area of the United States Birdsey, 1992; USDA Forest Service, 2001 An important terrestrial carbon reservoir and a sink of atmospheric CO 2 for North America Sedjo, 1992; Birdsey et al., 1993; Tkacz et al., /2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

5 Ecoregion in North America 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

6 North temperate forests in US North temperate forests 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

7 Why models? A good subsatute for field experiments Cost effecave and Ame efficient PredicAve capability The CENTURY model (Parton et al. 1993) was modified and used in this study 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

8 The model A process- based model Aboveground processes: photosynthesis, tree growth/death Belowground processes: root growth/ death, liger decomposiaon, soil organic carbon (SOC) pools Disturbance: fire, insect, and harvesang 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

9 Model structure 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

10 CENTURY and its sub- modules Tree stand production Carbon Allocation PPT, TEM Carbon Allocation 25% 25% 10% 35% 5% Leaf RLEAVC, RLEAVE Fine Roots FROOTC, FROOTE Fine Branches FBRCHC, FBRCHE Large Wood RLWODC, RLWODE Coarse Roots CROOTC, CROOTE Surface Residue Structural Metabolic Soil Residue Structural Metabolic Dead Fine Branches WOOD1C, WOOD1E Dead Large Wood WOOD2C, WOOD2E Dead Coarse Roots WOOD3C, WOOD3E Non-Lignin CO 2 Lignin SOM 1: Fast or active pool SOM 2: Slow pool SOM 3: Passive or resistant pool SOM Pool Carbon flow Litter Pool Decomposition 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30, 2012 Associated process 10

11 C/N flows among liler Pools and soil organic C pools tcflow1::co2los Leaves & Fine Branches: wood1c tcflow1::co2los Legend Pool C/N flow CO 2 loss SOM 1: Active or fast pool SOM 2: Slow pool tcflow2::co2los tcflow3::co2los Large Wood: wood2c tcflow2::co2los tcflow2::declig tcflow3::co2los tcflow3::declig Fine & Coarse Roots: wood3c 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

12 What is new in our model? Module for calculaaon of CO 2 exchange between terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere has been developed Module for calibraaon of the model parameters has been developed Module for sensiavity analysis of the model variables has been developed 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

13 From forests Lumber Paper Biofuel 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

14 Harves'ng types: clear cut 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

15 Par'al harves'ng 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

16 Study site: Willow Creek An upland hardwood forest in northern Wisconsin Primary tree species: sugar maple (Acer saccharum) CO 2 flux tower at Willow Creek (Photo from ChEAS website) 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

17 Model valida'on sites 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

18 Model simula'on vs field measurement Maximum value in measurements + Model simulation Minimum value in measurements 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

19 Biomass harves'ng types in test Harvesting intensity Weak 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

20 HarvesAng type effects Total soil organic C: TOC CC1 g C /m PH PH Year 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

21 HarvesAng type effects Net ecosystem exchange: NEE Year g C /m 2 /yr CC1 PH1 PH4 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

22 HarvesAng type effects Total soil nitrogen (TSN) CC1 PH1 PH4 N g/m Year /2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

23 HarvesAng type effects TOC before and ater harves'ng CC1 PH1 PH g C /m year 10 year 50 year 100 year 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

24 HarvesAng type effects NEE before and ater harves'ng 0-50 g C /m 2 /year CC1 PH1 PH4-10 year 10 year 50 year 100 year 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

25 HarvesAng type effects TSN before and ater harves'ng g N/m CC1 PH1 PH4-10 year 10 year 50 year 100 year 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

26 HarvesAng interval effects TOC under PH1 harves'ng 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

27 HarvesAng interval effects NEE under PH1 harves'ng 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

28 HarvesAng interval effects TSN under PH1 harves'ng 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

29 HarvesAng under future climate change 2xCO 2 plus T and P: TOC (PH1) 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

30 HarvesAng under future climate change 2xCO 2 plus T and P: NEE (PH1) 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

31 HarvesAng under future climate change 2xCO 2 plus T and P: TSN (PH1) g N/m years 10 years 50 years 100 years (T+3, P+20%) (T+3, P- 20%) (T- 3, P+20%) (T- 3, P- 20%) 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

32 Conclusions Woody biomass harvesang can samulate a short- term soil C/N storage and uptake, but C/N storage declines in the long run HarvesAng intensity is proporaonal to long- term decline of soil C/N storage 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

33 Conclusions (cont d) ParAal harvesang with most of liger remaining on site favors the restoraaon of forest ecosystem C/N in a relaavely short period The longer the harvesang interval, the less loss of C/N in forest ecosystems and the faster C/N storages restore to the pre- harvesang condiaons 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

34 Conclusions (cont d) Under doubling the CO 2 concentraaon, changes in air temperature may cause more significant variaaons of C/N storage and uptake in forest ecosystem than changes in precipitaaon. Warm temperature is more favorable for C/N storage than cool temperature 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

35 Future work How to make balance between C sequestraaon and biomass harvesang in forest management InvesAgaAng the responses of different tree species to biomass harvesang Exploring the effects of harvesang on C/N cycling and storage with intra- annual variaaon of temperature and precipitaaon 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

36 Acknowledgements This project is funded by Wisconsin Focus on Energy, Inc. EERD #10-06, and the CPEP Exploratory Pilot Grant Cindy Colorado State University, provided valuable advices and suggesaons on the model development Members of Desai s lab provided valuable suggesaons on this presentaaon 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

37 References Bolstad, P., et al., Tree Physiology, 24: Cook, B., et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 126: CurAs, P., et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 113:3-19. Desai, A., et al., Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 128(1-2): MarAn, J. G. and P. V. Bolstad, Biogeochemistry, 73: Parton, W. J., et al., Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 7(4), /2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

38 Thank you for your alen'on! Any ques'ons? Photo taken at Willow Creek, WI, in Sept /2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

39 Longer than the simulation time Restora'on of C/ N back to pre- harves'ng condi'ons 50- year harves'ng interval 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

40 Future Climate Change: 2xCO 2 concentra'on Under CC1 harves'ng 12/2/12 CPEP Seminar on Nov 30,

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