Waste and district heating in Norway

Transcription

1 Waste and district heating in Norway Jon Tveiten Managing Director Norsk Energi

2 Organizing of the waste system in Norway

3 Waste amounts and recycling rate Energy Ban Other Biogas Compost Recovery of materials

4 Household waste by disposal Wte ( waste to Energy) plants increase before and after landfill ban in 2009

5 Wte capasity Norway have underc apasity on Wte plants and Sweden has over capasitity Therefore exsport of waste tosweden Waste amount Wte capasity

6 Export of waste to other country Sweden have low gate fee, and are competativ even due to transport cost At the same time we import waste from Great Britan by ship to some Wte plants In Norway,. Because og high gate fee in Great Britain to landfil and low Wte capasity it can be sheaper to deliver waste to scandinavia by ship.

7 Wte plants in Norway 17 Wte plant in Norway (Most of them over t/year) Typical heating demand in DH in Norway They are built mostly built to handle the waste marked, not for production of electrisity Nearly all of them are with grate, only two is fluidez bed Because of demand of over 60 % energy utiliization to built a Wte plant, new district heating system had to be implemented. Cooling to air summertime Only half of the Wte plant have turbin. ( 445/GWh year) Due to small district heating system, we are cooling to air 17 % og the energy

8 Wte plants own by the municipalities Gate fee maximum selfcost for running the Wte plants Price for thermal energy is decide between the companies Monopol from the houshold waste from the owners Gate fee market prize Waste from other municipalities and commersial activities Wte plants Own by municipaities District heating companies ( can be same owner, but another company)

9 Wte plants own by energy companies Gate fee marked prize Wte plants and ditrict heating system own by the same company Household waste from the local municipalities Gate fee marked prize Wte plant District heating Waste from other municipalities and commersial activities

10 District heating in Norway Energy source houshold i norway Electrisity hydro power District heatingunder 10 % of the heating market District heating production GWh/y Gas /diesel oils, heavy fuel oils Gas Bio fuel Electricity Bark, wood chips and wood1 Waste heat Waste

11 RDF plant in Norway Only one plant is using only RDF to district heating production in Norway, it is a 30 MW CFB plant in Oslo with hot water production. Gate fee for RDF to plant is about Norcem (cement factory) is using RDF instead of coal i their cement production. IT Is planning a new plant in Ranheim with 2*15 MW steam production ( 10 Bar) for industrial steam demand and district heating production not Turbin.

12 Ranheim Gate fee marked prize RDF from Norway Gate fee marked prize RDF abroad Gate fee marked cost Wte plant Own by the fabric Steam 10 Bar to Fabric Steam 10 Bar to dsitrict heating company Own RDF Price for thermal energy is decide between the companies

13 Thermal system Ranheim Gas boiler Paper fabric Elecric boiler REAS RDF RDF District heating company REAS PP

14 2*15 MW steam Ranheim 2 sek. 850 oc Steam boiler flue gass Economizer Dozing arbsobent Bag filters Furncase Grate Smoketube boiler 850 C sek, deman in Norway to Reduce dioxin Sorbalit/ activ coal to reduce S02 and Clorid Aminoa to reduce NOx Amonia tank Oil tank Bottom ash Sorbalit Dry ash

15 Ranheim 3D Due to local enviroment the silo is separat from the boiler house RDT must be shredded either by the supplier, or have the possibility at the plant Planned runing time 8000 hours/year Total cost 450 mnokapprox 420 M Euro Electromechanical cost 235 mnok, approx 0,83 millon Euro/MW 2 year building time from contrakt to test periode

16 RDF Fuel specification Important to have a proper fuel specification Heating value MJ/kg Moisture <40 % Content of ash/incombustible components <15 %, due to wear, clogging of grate and sintering Content of N, S, Cl, F, Al, Na, K, Pb, Zn, Fe Fuel density and composition Max particle size Max amount of components <3mm and <1mm No clinic wast, explosive wast, radioactive waste, neoprene, silicon, creosote

17 Fluid accept (do not transelate)

18 Robustness Make sure to have a plant that can handle a great fuel flexibility Tender documents and contract must be accurate and have specific demands else you will end with a diminished solution Bidders documentation and references must be thoroughly evaluated. Make visits to reference plants Pay great attention to service access to all components during design phase. Spend time doing thorough 3D coordination and interface control Choose high material quality for all components i direct contact with fuel and ash Do not make fuel and ash systems too complex, the less rotating devices, the better Use adequate water/steam and flue gas temperatures Considered redundant systems ((cranes), pumps, compressors, hydraulics) Choose a high quality combustion filter system Metal and aluminium separators may be profitable Make the fuel bin large to ensure there is enough space for mixing the fuel

19 Emissions 100 tons RDF per day => environmental impact assesment study is required 100 tons/day equals a MW RDF heat plant. Norwegian emission demand Waste< 50 MW t (mg/nm 3 v 11% O 2 ) Avergage/ Average 30 day miinutes CO ) 150 2) (10 min) Dust TOC HCl HF 1 4 SO No x Dioksiner 0,1 ng/nm³ Cd+Tl 0,05 Hg 0,03 Sb+As+Pb+Cr+C o+cu+mn+ni+v 0,5

20 RDF Contractors Few contractors Contractors have bad financial stands Several contrators have gone bankrupt during the last years Due to the contrators bad financial stands, some contrators might prefer seperated entreprises in order to reduce own risk Important to have adequate evaluation criterias Important to have adequate payment schedules and guarantees/insurences

21 Good practice Involve operators in all phases. Many interfaces towards construction. Important to define and clarify at an early stage. RDV is relatively dry fuel which can some wood powder. Thus, some areas will be defined as explosive, and must be paid attention to in the design. Risk analysis, Hazop and explosion assesments must be carried out.

22 Tromsø 2*10 MW Waste and RDF Finish *10 MW Grate Hot water production to district heating Electromechanical cost about 18 Meuro

23 Tromsø Kvitebjørn varme 2 x 10 MW waste and RDF