Potential for Bio-CCS in the pulp and paper industry

Transcription

1 VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD Potential for Bio-CCS in the pulp and paper industry K. Onarheim, S. Santos (prev. IEA GHG), P. Kangas (VTT), V. Hankalin (ÅF Consult Oy) Market and regulatory issues related to Bio-CCUS Workshop Brussels, 16 January 2018

2 Bio-CCS negative CO 2 emissions 2

3 Pulp and paper mill Cooking Washing Delignification Bleaching Wood yard Recovery boiler Evaporation Recausticizing Oxygen plant Lime kiln Power generation Multi-fuel boiler Bleaching chemical preparation Courtesy of Valmet 3

4 Battery limits reference cases Integrated pulp and board mill Market pulp mill adt/a adt/a Pulp mill Board mill adt/a Total CO Mt/a Biogenic CO Mt/a 4

5 Case studies Capture case description Total emissions (site after CCS) Total CO 2 captured Overall CO 2 capture rate Total direct CO 2 avoided Negative CO 2 emissions [MTPY] [MTPY] [%] [%] [MTPY] KRAFT PULP MILL 1. Recovery boiler Multi-fuel boiler Lime kiln Recovery boiler and multi-fuel boiler Recovery boiler and lime kiln Recovery boiler, multi-fuel boiler and lime kiln INTEGRATED PULP AND BOARD MILL 1. Recovery boiler Multi-fuel boiler Lime kiln Recovery boiler and multi-fuel boiler Recovery boiler and lime kiln Recovery boiler, multi-fuel boiler and lime kiln MP steam at 13 bar to supply CO 2 capture plant 2 CO 2 compressors driven by backpressure steam turbines. Auxiliary boiler needed 5

6 Levelized cost of pulp (LCOP) and associated cost of CO 2 avoided Kraft pulp mill Integrated pulp and board mill Case LCOP /adt pulp CAC /t CO 2 LCOP /adt pulp LCOB /adt board CAC /t CO 2 Reference market pulp mill without CO 2 capture Capture of CO 2 from recovery boiler only Capture of CO 2 from multi-fuel boiler only Capture of CO 2 from lime kiln only Capture of CO 2 from recovery boiler and multi-fuel boiler Capture of CO 2 from recovery boiler and lime kiln Capture of CO 2 from all three sources adt = air dried tonne 6

7 Breakeven price of pulp [ /adt] Effect of electricity price on LCOP, pulp mill Base Case REC MFB LK REC + MFB REC + LK REC + MFB + LK Electricity price [ /MWh] 7

8 Breakeven price of pulp [ /adt] Potential for Bio-CCS with negative emission credits, pulp mill Negative CO 2 emission credit [ /t] 8

9 CO 2 avoided cost [ /t] Potential for income with CCU, pulp mill REC MFB LK REC + MFB REC + LK REC + MFB + LK CO 2 income [ /t] 9

10 Concluding remarks Pulp and paper potential candidate for industrial Bio-CCS demonstration % biogenic CO 2 emissions Low-hanging fruit Negative emissions Feasibility of Bio-CCS is dependent on policy framework CO 2 emission tax Renewable energy incentives Negative CO 2 emissions ETS for feasible CO 2 capture from pulp and paper industry = /t Long-term political instability is detrimental Assessment done for the pulp and paper industry, but the principals are at large the same for any industry sector emitting biogenic CO 2 emissions Waste to energy Biofuel production Biomass-fired power and heat generation Replacing coal or other fossil fuels with biomass (iron and steel, cement) 10

11 Full report: Article Part 1 (technical assessment): Article Part 2 (economic feasibility): 11

12 Thank you for your attention!