Alternative Hydrokinetic Programs: Engineering Challenges and Lessons Learned from USA Pilot Programs

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1 Alternative Hydrokinetic Programs: Engineering Challenges and Lessons Learned from USA Pilot Programs Gerard J. Lynch, P.E. President Sigma Design Company Springfield, New Jersey

2 NON CONVENTIONAL HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL NATIONAL HYDROPOWER ASSOCIATION BY 2025 IN THE USA 10,000 MW INCREASE FROM OCEAN AND WAVE ENERGY DEVICES 3,000 MW INCREASE FROM NEW HYDROKINETIC TECHNOLOGIES SCIENTIFIC AMERICA NOV 2009 ARTICLE BY MARK JACOBSON AND MARK DELUCCHI BY 2030 GLOBALLY 490,000 MW FROM TIDAL TURBINES 720,000 MW FROM WAVE CONVERTERS NON CONVENTIONAL HYDRO COULD SUPPLY> 10% OF OUR TOTAL POWER NEEDS

3 HYDROKINETIC DESIGNS TIDAL FLOWS WAVE AND OCEAN CURRENT DEEP AND SHALLOW RIVER FLOWS INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS

4 PRE PILOT ANALYSIS ENERGY CONVERSION CALCULATIONS COSTS ESTIMATES = $/kw-hr INSTALLED MANUFACTURING COST BENEFIT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY JOBS FERC, STATE AND LOCAL MUNICIPALITY PERMITS ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING SIMULATION MODELING CUT IN VELOCITY MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY DEPENDS ON WHO YOU LISTEN TO IN-SITU PILOT SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW STUDIES AVERAGE, HIGH AND LOW WATER FISH SURVIVAL STUDIES LOWER TIP SPEEDS PREFERRED

5 ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS WHAT IS THE REAL ENERGY CONVERSION? MECHANICAL SYSTEM SITE MEAN ANNUAL WATER VELOCITY BLADE DESIGN EFFCIENCY BEARING EFFICIENCY INLET DIFFUSERS and OUTLET ENERGY RELEASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ENERGY CAPTURE AND GENERATOR EFFCIENCY DC to DC CONVERTER EFFCIENCY STORAGE AND GRID TIED INVERTER EFFICIENCY SYSTEM CAPACITY FACTOR SYSTEM EFFICIENCY = MECHANICAL * ELECTRICAL* CAPACITY FACTOR

6 ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS SYSTEM CAPACITY FACTORS FOR HYDRO SITES DEFINITION: SYSTEM CAPACITY FACTOR IS THE RATIO (%) OF ACTUAL ANNUAL ENERGY PRODUCED COMPARED TO THE DEVICE S CALCULATED ANNUAL MAXIMUM OUTPUT 1. WIND HAS CAPACITY FACTORS NEAR ~33% (awea) 2. SOLAR CAPACITY FACTORS ARE BELOW ~45%. (nrel) 3. TIDAL POWER ~25%-45% 4. RIVER and OCEAN CURRENTS CAN ACHIEVE ~80% - 95% NOTE: 3 & 4 are currently being studied under DOE grants at EPRI Palo Alto, CA, Georgia Tech Research Corp. Atlanta GA

7 COMPARATIVE CAPACITY FACTOR DATA Figure ES 3. Average Capacity Factor by Energy Source, 2007 Nuclear 91.8% Coal 73.6% Natural Gas/Combined Cycle 42.0% Other Renewables 40.1% Hydroelectric 42.4% (2006) dam type with USA drought low water events 36.3% (2007) Petroleum 13.4% Natural Gas/Other Types 11.4% Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-860, Annual Electric Generator Report; Form EIA-923, "Power Plant Operations Report.

8 ENGINEERING CHALLENGES LACK OF INDUSTRY ENGINEERING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS SUBMERSIBLE ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPONENT DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY FINDING LABORATORIES WITH SIGNIFICANT DEPTH AND FLOW CAPACITY IN SITU TEST DATA COLLECTION SYSTEMS AND IN STREAM CURRENT VALIDATION TECHNIQUES

9 DEVLOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES BLENDING MARINE OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTION AND OCEAN ENGINEERING DISCIPLINES WITH THE HYDROKINETIC ENERGY SECTOR HYDRODYNAMIC BLADE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OCEAN ENVIRONMENT CORROSION AND MATERIALS ENGINERRING MOORING STRATEGIES DEPLOYMENT STRATEGIES RETREVAL AND MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES SUBMERSIBLE GENERATOR DEVICE DESIGN GENERATOR DESIGN WINDINGS, SPEEDS, STATORS LIFE CYCLE OF EPOXIES AND POTTING COMPOUNDS FOULING SILT AND SEDIMENT CONTROL IMPACT RESISTANCE TO SUB SURFACE FLOATING DEBRIS

10 LOCAL USA HYDROKINETIC TEST TANK FACILITIES OHMSETT - MINERAL MANAGEMENT SERVICE Atlantic Highlands, NJ ALDEN RESEARCH LABORATORY, INC. Holden, MA STEVENS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Hoboken, NJ NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER CARDEROCK Bethesda, MD UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Durham, NH UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Ann Arbor, MI

11 HOW TO IMPROVE PROTOTYPE PROJECT TIMELINES 1. NEW PRODUCT AND SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT NEED TO REDCUCE THE TIME TO MARKET DOWN TO YEARS INSTEAD OF DECADES 2. BRING RAPID NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AND AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES TO THE HYDROKINETIC INDUSTRY

12 THANK YOU