Delivering Green Nanotechnology with Quantum Dots

Transcription

1 Delivering Green Nanotechnology with Quantum Dots Seth Coe-Sullivan Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer May 3, 2011; GN11

2 Outline! QD Vision Background! What is a quantum dot?! What are they good for?! What can we say (so far) about EH&S?! What s needed to promote Green Nano? 2

3 A focused, integrated approach The only quantum dot company focused solely on displays & lighting A broad, expanding patent portfolio 21 issued; 140+ applications The 1 st quantum dot company to market in lighting & displays 3

4 Great global challenge... & opportunity " 22% world electricity spent on lighting " Conversion to efficient lighting underway " Fluorescent & LEDs offer huge savings " with power efficiency gains " But, hindered by poor color, mercury " Governments still forcing conversion QD Vision s Quantum Light optics eliminate the tradeoff Great color with step changes in power & cost savings 4

5 Nexxus Lighting and QD Vision Unveil World's First Commercial Quantum Dot/LED Lamp Line -- May 5, 2009 QDV Quantum Light optic 5 President Barack Obama (USA) and President Susan Hockfield (MIT) View Product at MIT October 23, 2009 Nexxus PAR 30 LED Array

6 QD Structure and Emissive Properties Three parts of QDs are engineered to optimize performance Core: Binary or ternary semiconductor; size and composition determines color Semiconductor Nanocrystal 2-12 nm Emission Intensity, a.u. Caps or Ligands: Typically aliphatic organics; passivates & functionalizes surface 6 Shell: Wider bandgap semiconductor; enhances efficiency and stability Wavelength, nm

7 Principle of Quantum Confinement Size of QD provides lever for fine tuning color of emission Bulk Semiconductor Nanocrystallite 7 valence band conduction band h + e - Bulk Band Structure h + e - insulator decreasing size Quantized Atomic Energy Structure Particle in a Box Description of Electronic States

8 QD Optic Enables Highest Performance Lighting Quantum Dots break tradeoff paradigm Quantum Light optic Compact Fluorescent Nexxus R30 LED Array 2700K, 90+ CRI, >60 LPW 8

9 Illuminated by Incandescent Bulb Cool White LED The Economist, March 7, 2010 Warm White LED/QD Optic 9 LED/QD Optic Lamp that integrates quantum dot technology Combines warm, rich color of QD emission with LED Efficiency, providing 2700K, 90+ CRI at 60 Lumens Per Watt

10 QD solution efficiently converts the blue LED light into the red region Cool white LED: CCT = 5000K CRI = 70 Cool white LED + QL Optic CCT = 2700K CRI = K Blackbody

11 Quantum Light TM optic for LCD backlighting A drop in solution with disruptive benefits! Current White LED Solution Light guide film! Quantum Light Solution in an LCD Backlight Unit Quantum Light Optic Light guide film White LED Reflector Blue LED Reflector Design: Drop-In solution; ultra-thin form factors Color: Step change from ordinary to exceptional (70 s%! 100+% gamut) Power: Step change savings of up to 33% Cost: Step change savings of up to 50% in LEDs (fewer, cheaper) Enviro: RoHS Compliant 11

12 Quantum Light ink widens LCD color gamut Dramatically improves color vs. white LEDs 0.9 White LED BLU mid-70% NTSC 0.9 QD-enhanced BLU >100% NTSC NTSC Gamut White LED Gamut NTSC Gamut QD BLU Gamut While improving power efficiency by 1/3 rd or more 12

13 PL Applications Summary! Quantum dots offer color quality and efficiency together to LED lighting! QD Vision s Quantum Light TM optic product is on the market today! Benefits to our customers:! A highly differentiated product offering! Lower net $/lumen! Higher lm/w! Higher total lumens!all at high color quality 13

14 Outline! QD Vision Background! What is a quantum dot?! What are they good for?! What can we say (so far) about EH&S?! What s needed to promote Green Nano? 14

15 Regulatory Compliance European Union developed RoHS ( Regulation on Hazardous Substances )! RoHS compliance for devices containing Cd-based QD materials will need to be determined on a case-by-case basis US EPA TSCA ( Toxic Substances Control Act )! QD Vision is first to file for TSCA approval! QD Vision s product materials are TSCA approved! LoREx exemption applied for and received for multiple products! Commended as pollution preventing material Although Cd-based materials may be acceptable in many applications, QD Vision has committed significant resources to the development of Cd-free compositions! Appropriate strategy given global regulatory trends 15

16 Making an Impression "In my 6+ years running this division, your company has impressed me more than any other. It's not just your product line, but the way you work to develop safe, sustainable products. I wish there were more companies like yours." - Jim Willis, former Director of Chemical Control Division of US EPA 16

17 Produc Consumer / Product t Safety Safety 17 Commitment to Responsible Development Responsible Development Permeates Product Design Worker Safety Worker Safety Responsible Product Design Environmental Safety 1.! Quantum Dot Design Pband Cd-free R&D focus 2.! Quantum Light TM Optic Product Realization of Energy and Emission Reductions 3.! Process & Manufacturing Operating Procedures NIOSH Studies 4.! Life Cycle Risk Analysis Disposal Study Form Factor Choice QD Vision shares leadership responsibility via e.g. NRC EH&S Committee.

18 NANO LCRA Adaptive Streamlined Life Cycle/ Risk Assessment Framework for NM (Shatkin 2008) IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE HAZARDS ASSESS EXPOSURE EVALUATE TOXICITY RAW MATERIALS Process PRODUCT Packaging USE/ REUSE/ DISPOSAL CHARACTERIZE RISK ASSESS CONFIDENCE/ RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH ITERATE 18 18

19 Health and Environmental Considerations! Worker Safety From a complete life cycle approach! 1 st priority addressed with NIOSH in 2006! Revisit with transition from R&D to manufacturing operation! Later this month!! Product/Consumer Safety! Multiple layers of safety built into product form! Large net benefit relative to state-of-the-art technology (e.g., compact fluorescent lamp (CFL & CCFL) technology)! End-of-Life Cycle! Studying with Brown University/EPA grant! Below detectable range for EPA Method 1311/6010B/3010A! Large net benefit relative to alternative technologies (next chart) 19

20 Environmental Net Benefits! Going from incandescent to CFL has been shown to be a net reduction in Mercury pollution (& Carbon, & Cadmium)! Zimmerman et. al. ES&T 2008! As much as 100mg of Hg per bulb depending on region! LED w/ Quantum Light TM optic increases this benefit further! 25mg reduction per bulb due to Hg-free product! mg Hg reduction per bulb due to higher efficiency! Similar 50% benefit in Carbon emissions! Less manufacturing waste due to longer life! Largest benefit is that consumers will WANT this product! Market uptake is ultimate driver of environmental benefit! Legislation is a poor substitute for a better product! Similar net benefit for Cadmium, too 20

21 Responsible Development QD Vision has proactively established EH&S community collaborations! US NIOSH Chuck Geraci! Established QD R&D occupational health and safety best practices! Presented in US and Taiwan! University of Massachusetts Prof. Michael Ellenbecker! Product safety feedback studies! Conservation Law Fund Ventures Jo Anne Shatkin, Ph.D.! Life cycle risk assessment the most comprehensive LCRA ever performed for a nano-material presented at Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, 12/7/09! Brown University Profs. Robert Hurt and Agnes Kane! EPA STAR Grant, end-of-life fate studies Goal is to launch product with environmental benefit, by bringing EH&S information into the development process early. 21

22 Product Safety Studies w/ UMass Lowell 7000 In collaboration with Ellenbecker and Tsai Background Measurement Univ. Lab Air Study meant to simulate worstcase-scenario product & end-oflife conditions. No nanoparticles detected 22 Air Sampling Results

23 Designed End-of-Life Studies Brown Can QDs be released into landfills or other compartments? 10 ml dark or light rotate at 60 rpm completely exchange immersion fluid at various time (1, 4, 7, 14 and 30d) CdSe? Cd 2+ HNO 3 digestion ultrafiltration 3K centrifugal tube total Cd release Both Cd 2+ and CdSe Cd 2+ release 23 Cadmium concentration (mg/l) QD without glass in dark 1.2 mg/l immersion time (days) HNO3 gastric acid H2O2 TCLP PBS humic acid Fulvic acid

24 No Evidence of Nanoparticle Release Cadmium concentration (mg/l) M HNO 3 in 1M HNO 3 with glass 0.68 mg/l Cadmium concentration (mg/l) dark 1.4 light dark 1.2filter light filter in 1M HNO 3 without glass 1.2 mg/l dark light dark filter light filter immersion time (days) immersion time (days) [Cd] in ppm Cadmium Release for New Optic in H2O Immersion Time (Days) Digested Filtered [Cd] in ppm TCLP sans glass Immersion Time (days)

25 Green Nano in Corporate America! Need to make connections to business benefit! Green Nano is not a waste of time! Use the Carrot, not just the Stick! Incentive programs, R&D funding, etc.! Off-set (or Eliminate " ) the Cost of Being Green! It s not easy being green so we shouldn t pretend that it is! Education of:! Businesses (perhaps especially, small)! Public there s no Green Nano without Nano! Being Green and Loud is a better business approach than trying to stay under the radar 25

26 Conclusions! QD Vision is the world leader in Quantum Dot materials for lighting and displays! Technology platform spans Cd and Cd-free! Product is on the market! QD Vision is a leader in Nano-EH&S research and practice! Seeks to expand our collaborations with Gov t & University partners! Green Nano can be Beneficial to Businesses like QD Vision 26 Seth Coe-Sullivan Co-founder and CTO scoe-sullivan@qdvision.com