SCHOOL OILFIELD CARAVAN

Transcription

1 September 2010 PROPOSAL SCHOOL OILFIELD CARAVAN ECO PARTY 1. INTRODUCTION We, Eco Party, started an interactive participatory event called ECO PARTY at Shinmatsudo Kindergarten in Matsudo, Chiba in 2003, as part of our social interaction and environmental learning project. The event has been held in the firefly season every year with the kindergarten facilities open for the community residents and NPO. In 2006, the activity was expanded to celebrate 50 years of diplomatic relations between Nepal and Japan. We have been constantly promoting the cultural interactions between the two countries based on the harmony with nature, while supporting Nepal s local school mainly by supplying stationary products. We consider the plastic waste problem as a global issue and take actions globally with main focus on the advancing countries. The plastic wastes don t return to nature, get to the rivers and have harmful effects on the natural ecosystem involving birds, fishes and other lives. They eventually get flown in to the sea from the rivers, and it is said that the superficial content of such adrift wastage in the sea is equivalent of the size of Australian continent. The total amount of plastic produced worldwide in 2008 was 245,000,000 tons, 63.9% of which (156,476,000 tons) was produced in the Western and Asian major countries including Japan, China and Korea. (Based on the Japan Plastics Industry Federation data) About 54% of the plastics produced in the major countries are turned into polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene packaging containers, massive amounts of waste incinerated and wind up in landfills. Out of the same amount of plastic, we could reproduce about 67,201,000 tons of petroleum oil using the oil reproduction technology. In calories, this is equivalent of producing 780,000,000,000 kwh of electricity. In a global scale, this means we have 131,521,000 tons of plastic that can be made back into oil, and from that amount of oil, we can produce 1,525,651,525,120kWh of electricity.

2 2. OBJECTIVE The objective is to let people learn that plastic wastes become resources if collected and segregated properly, we collect the plastic garbage from the rivers, houses etc. and gather them at schools with the students and local residents cooperation. Then School Oilfield Caravan visits the school and demonstrates the plastic oil deduction machine reproducing petroleum oil from the collected plastic wastes. This whole process works as an experience learning program, for people to think about Earth s environment and understand the importance of trash separation and recycling. The plastic wastes gathered at the schools are collected regularly as resources, returned to oil and distilled into gasoline, paraffin, light oil and heavy oil with the large-size plastic oil reproduction machine. The distilled gasoline is used as the fuel for the School Oilfield Caravan s car, while other distilled oils are also effectively utilized as fuels for diesel electric generation, boilers and so on. On the other hand, we support the children who help collecting the plastic garbage by supplying them with stationary products, etc.

3 3. Plastic and waste plastic oil reproduction machine adopted Plastic is made from naphtha=crude gasoline, which is produced in the process of petroleum refining. (See Figure 1.) By applying heat further to naphtha, the raw materials of plastic, such as ethylene-propylene (gas) and benzene (liquid) are produced. Figure 2 shows the molecules of hydrogen and carbon. Plastic materials, including polyethylene and polypropylene (solid), are made of many of these molecules combined together. Oil Oil Product Gasoline Naphtha Kerosene Light oil Plastics 水素 = Hydrogen 炭素 = Carbon Heavy oil Asphalt Figure 1 Figure 2 There are various kinds of plastic with wide variety of characteristics and usages, but they basically all have the chainlike molecule with carbon bond. When these chains are broken by heat, chemical agent and/or catalyser, different types of oils including gasoline, paraffin, light oil, heavy oil etc can be derived, depending on the number of carbon atom cut off (weight of the molecule), from the fractional distillation. When it s done mainly by heat, it is called thermal cracking, and when the material is plastic, it is called plastic thermal cracking oil or hydrocarbon oil in broader sense. This series of process is called oil reproduction and the waste plastic oil reproduction machine, which enables people to obtain hydrocarbon oil from plastic thermal cracking oil, is produced and distributed in Japan. While there are approximately 50 companies in Japan that make oil reproduction machines, we needed to choose the one that allows us to obtain high-quality oil in order to be used as fuels for cars and electric generators, from specific types of plastic. High-quality oil can be acquired from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene(pp) and polystyrene(ps), all of which have broad utility and are used for containers and packaging and thus are wasted in massive amount in Nepal, too. School Oilfield Caravan requires both large and small sizes of the machine as we do demonstrations at schools and in open spaces. Our ultimate choice was the products of Blest Co., Ltd., the manufacturer based in Hiratsuka, Kanagagwa, which makes and sells the oil reproduction machines for PE, PP and PS in large and small sizes.

4 Flow of making to oil PLASTICS :Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene 2HOPPER :Tank where plastic is turned on. 3FIRST SCREW :It melts gradually heating it up to 400 while sending plastic. 4SECOND SCREW :It sends it by the screw while making plastic a gas. 5RESIDUE TANK :Tank where Garbage that doesn't become gas received. 6CAPACITOR :The gas is cooled and it makes it to the liquid. 7PLASTIC OIL TANK:Tank where oil that became liquid is saved. 8WATER TANK :Tank where sealing is done so that oil is not exhausted. 9OFF GAS FILTER :An off gas is resolved to the harmless gas. 10OFF GAS :The resolved gas becomes carbon dioxide and steam.

5 4. Specifications of the Waste Plastic Oil Reproduction Machine Campany name Name Function Price Amount of processing (kg) Size Weight Power supply (kw) Power consumption (kw) Name Function Blest co., Ltd, Batch type Be-h plastic oil reproduction machine 1,000,000/yen 1.0/once 620(W) 320(D) 500(H) 50 AC100V/15A 1.0kW/h/once Consective type minimo plastic oil reproduction machine Serial No. MINIMO Price Amount of processing (kg) Size (mm) Weight (kg) Power supply (kw) Power consumption (kw) Name Function 1,500,000/yen 2.0/h 2400(W) 1350(D) 2000(H) 500 Three phase circuit 200V/50A 3.0/h Batch type BOR-20 Plastic oil fractionation unit Serial No. BOR-20, Price Weight (kg) Power supply (kw) Power consumption (kw) 4,000,000/yen 300 Three phase circuit 200V/11A 3.6/h/once

6 5. Specifications of the Electricity Generator alternating current direct current Size Company name Price Frequency (Hz) Rated power (kva) Use fuel Voltage (V) Current (A) Voltage (V) Current (A) Tank volume(l) Continuous driving (h) Weight W (mm) D (mm) H (mm) Noise level [db(a)/lwa] Starting method JAN code HONDA Co.,Ltd, EU16i 283,000/yen 50/ Gasoline Manual Three phase circuit 200V Size Company name Denyo Co.,Ltd, Price Frequency (Hz) Rated power (kva) Use fuel Voltage (V) Current (A) W (mm) D (mm) H (mm) DCA-45ESH 1,600,000/yen 50/ Diesel Tank volume(l) 100 Starting method Weight 1180 Noise level [db(a)/lwa] 61 Electric

7 6. Specifications of the Crushing Machine Company name Price Motor Dimensions Weight HORAI CO., Ltd, P ,000/yen 0.75kW 535(W) 625(L) 790(H) 130kg approx.

8 7. Specifications of the ISUZU Autotruck Company name Registration at the first year Shape Load Mileage Engine type Pferdestarke Transmission Brake Speed limit Power steering wheel Air conditioner Body size Height from the ground Height of gate ISUZU KK-FRD34L4 2000/March Wing body 2700kg km 6HK1[IT] 240ps MT6 air (W) 2.15(D) 2.34(H) 0.97m 2.16m

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10 8. Running cost to make oil from wasted plastic and the amount of CO2 emission (1) Amount of electricity and cost per hour of making oil for an hour with minimo and Be-h (Based on TEPCO electricity price) *Average family (1kWh/ approx.18 yen) TEPCO / As of October 2010 Electricity amount Format Cost minimo 3.0kW/h 3.0kWh 18 yen 54 yen Be-h 1.0kW/h 1.0kWh 18 yen 18 yen (2) Amount of CO2 emitted from the use of electricity required for the oil making Calculation: Electricity CO2 emission minimo 3.0kWh 1.665kg-CO2 Be-h 1,0kWh 0.555kg-CO2 *Ref: Average CO2 emission per person per day=461/1000x1.78=0.82 kg (3) Amount of heat (kcal) of Polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) Polystyrene(PS) Polypropylene(PP) Polyethylene(PE) kcal 9,600 11,000 11,000 (4) Kcal and kwh per 1 kg of : Cracked petroleum, Gasoline, Paraffin, Light oil and Heavy oil Cracked petroleum Gasoline Paraffin Light oil Heavy oil kcal kwh (5) CO2 emission from burning 1kg of various kinds of oil Cracked petroleum Gasoline Paraffin Light oil Heavy oil CO2(g) (6) CO2 emission from burning 1 kg of Polystyrene, Polypropylene and Polyethylene Polystyrene Polypropylene Polyethylene Average CO2(g) (7) Comparison of CO2 emissions from making oil and combustion Plastic 1kg/1 hour CO2 emission(g) Making oil Complete combustion

11 SUMMARY CO2 from making oil is 71g less than combustion. Using alternative fuel would reduce 71g of CO2 emission per 1 kg. By implementing effective separate collection of wastes, we could actually make wasted plastic back into oil, and we could reduce CO2 emission by using that oil as alternative fuel. We worked out the below figures (1-8) based on the above figures. Assumption: The total amount of production of the 3P (3 kinds of plastic) in the world is 131,521,683,200kg, and we can produce 131,521,683,200 liters of oil from it. 1. Drum (200L) x 657,608,416 [131,521,683, =657,608,416] 2. Humpback Whale x 131,521,683,200 6,360=20,679,509] 5. A TOYOTA Diesel Hiace can run: 1,052,173,465,600km [131,521,683, =1,052,173,465,600km] 6. The distance of above 5. is as long as 26,304,336 circles of the Earth. * Assuming the equatorial line is approx. 40,000 km. [1,052,173,465,600 40,000=26,304,336] 8. 1L of oil made from plastic is worth 11.6kWh of electricity, and in total 1,525,651,525,120kWh of electricity can be produced around the world. [131,521,683, =1,525,651,525,120]

12 9. The Route The truck loaded with the oil making machine departs Kolkata and heads to Pokhara while visiting various places where associated with Buddha: A:Kolkata B:Buddha Gaya C:Sainath D:Saheth Maheth E:Kushinagar F:Lumbini G:Pokhara The running distance is 1,553km, and it I planned to be a three-days journey. Figure 3: The Route A Kolkata:The departure place of the truck with oil making machine B Buddha Gaya:The place Buddha achieved enlightenment C Sainath:The place Buddha gave his first sermon D Saheth Maheth:The place of Buddha s missionary E Kushinagar:Where Buddha found nirvana F Lumbini:Buddha s place of birth G Pokhara:The goal of the truck with the oil making machine