Developments in the Pecan Industry in Georgia. Lenny Wells UGA Horticulture
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1 Developments in the Pecan Industry in Georgia Lenny Wells UGA Horticulture
2 2012 Pecan Tree Planting Survey 146 Respondents 102,784 trees 89% planted to new acreage Accounts for 3768 acres Most of the inter-planting was done in Dougherty, Mitchell, and Lee Counties 1778 acres of abandoned orchards brought back in to production 277 acres of spaded trees Total of 5823 new acres
3 30000 Newly Planted Trees by Cultivar %
4 New Orchard Plantings Average Orchard Size = 36 acres Most newly planted orchards in the following locations: Peach County: 795 Irwin County: 480 Dougherty: 445 Mitchell: 210 Pulaski: 206 Dooly: 165 Evans: 122 Appling: Berrien: Terrell: 100
5 500, , ,000 Established Nurseries Production Trends 416,000 Patrick Conner 456, ,000 Number of trees 300, , , , , ,000 50,000 0 Dr. Patrick Conner
6 Survey accounts for 44% of trees sold by Southeastern Nurseries This means that Georgia s actual 2012 planting acreage was likely much higher than 3768 acres
7 Tree Production Trends Nearly all nurseries sold out quickly for 2012, 2013, and 2014 Nursery Tree Volume
8 UGA Recommended Pecan Cultivars Low Input Medium Input High Input Conditional Trial Amling Caddo Desirable Cape Fear Byrd McMillan* Forkert* Pawnee Creek Zinner* Excel* Oconee Kiowa* Lakota* Elliott* Sumner* Mandan Kanza* Morrill *Type II Stigma receptive before pollen mature
9 Fertigation of Young Trees 1st Year Trees 2nd Year Trees
10 Fertigation of Young Trees 1st year trees: Cunard on Orangeburg soil Treatment Caliper Growth (mm) Leaf N Fertigation (6.16 units N/acre)X (1 lb/tree) Granular N (0.36 lbs/tree)x4* Control (No N applied) 3.78b 2.63a 5.6ab 2.61a 6.8a 2.76a 5.1ab 2.63a Fertilizer N materials; Fertigation treatments =UAN (28%) (total of 0.84 lbs N per tree) Granular N treatment=urea (46%) (total of 0.84 lbs N/tree) *Last granular application received 0.72 lbs material/tree to reach total of 0.84 lbs N/tree All fertigation and granular N treatments received P-K through irrigation system in April via 10.5 gal/acre of Fertilizer Application Dates: : May 9 Fertigation & Granular N: May 9; June 28, July 12; August 6
11 Fertigation of Young Trees 2nd year trees: Cape Fear on Red Bay soil Treatment Fertigation (12.32 units N/acre) X4 Fertigation (6.16 units N/acre) X (1 lb/tree) X3 Granular N (0.36 lbs/tree)x5 Control (No N applied) Caliper Growth (mm) Leaf N 16.6a 2.72ab 19.4a 2.74a 15.3a 2.72ab 14.6a 2.56bc 14.5a 2.50c Fertilizer N materials: Fertigation treatments =UAN (28%) total of 1.68 lbs N/tree and 0.84 lbs N per tree for high and low rates Granular N treatment=urea (46%) (total of 0.84 lbs N/tree) All fertigation and granular N treatments received P-K through irrigation system in April via 10.5 gal/acre of Fertilizer Application Dates: : April 23, June 28, July 12 Fertigation : April 23, June 28, July 12, August 6 Granular N: April 23, May 23, June 28, July 12, August 6
12 A Reduced Early-Season Irrigation Schedule for Pecans Reduced Every other day Daily April 4 hrs 7.5 hr May 6 hrs 8.5 hrs June 8 hrs 9.5 hrs July 10 hrs 11 hrs August 12 hrs* 12 hrs September 12 hrs* 12 hrs Recommended Two 15 gph microjets per tree (Total of 30 gph per tree) 25 Year old Stuart trees on Tifton Loamy Sand in Berrien CO., GA *All trees irrigated daily in August/September
13 Measuring Soil Moisture Spectrum Technologies: WaterScout SM100 Soil Moisture Sensor Field Scout TDR 300 Soil Moisture Meter
14 Water Stress and Soil Moisture---Dryland April-July Stem Water Potential (psi) y = x R² = Volumetric Soil Moisture (%)
15 160 Water Stress and Soil Moisture---Dryland August/September 140 Stem Water Potential (psi) y = x R² = Soil Moisture (%)
16 Tree Water Stress Stem Water Pressure(psi) Full Reduced Dry 0 4/26/2012 5/26/2012 6/26/2012 7/26/2012 8/26/2012
17 Tree Water Stress Stem Water Potential (psi) Full Reduced Dry
18 Treatment Effects on Yield, Nut Quality, and Average Water Stress (psi) Shoot Length Yield (lbs/tree) Nuts/lb % Kernel Shoot Length Recommended 96.9b 81a 50.2a 46.5a 4.2a Reduced 98.3b 62a 47b 46.5a 3.5b Non-Irrigated 113a 49b 50.4a 44.8a 3.1b
19 Irrigation Water Use 2012 (gallons per tree) Reduced Recommended April 1800 (60 gal/day) 6750 (225 gal/day) May 2880 (93 gal/day) 7905 (255 gal/day) June 3600 (120 gal/day) 8550 (285 gal/day) July 4500 (145 gal/day) 10,230 (330 gal/day) August 11,160 (360 gal/day) 11,160 (360 gal/day) September 10,800 (360 gal/day) 10,800 (360 gal/day) Total ,395 Average Per Day The Reduced Irrigation Schedule provides a 38% Reduction in irrigation water use with no significant effect on tree water stress, yield, or quality
20 Albany 2013: 110 rainy days Avg : 81 Rainfall
21 What did it take to control scab on Desirable in 2013? 4/8 Prophyt---2 qts 4/17 Super Tin 6.4 oz+elast 25 oz 5/2 Absolute 5 oz+tebuzol 3 oz 5/8 Absolute 5 oz+tebuzol 3 oz 5/13 Absolute 5oz+Tebuzol 3oz 5/20 Prophyt 2qt 6/4 Prophyt 2 qts+super Tin 12.8 oz 6/13 Super Tin 9.6 oz+elast 38 oz 6/25 Super Tin 9.6 oz+elast 38 oz 7/2 Quadris Top 11oz+Prophyt 1.5 qts 7/9 Super Tin 9.6 oz+elast 50oz 7/15 Quadris Top 11oz+Prophyt 1.5 qts 7/23 Super Tin 6.4 oz+elast 50oz 7/29 Super Tin 12 oz+topsin 20 oz 8/5 Elast 50 oz+topsin 20 oz 8/12 Super Tin 12 oz Cost: $287.90/acre*
22 What did it take to control scab on Desirable in 2013? 4/8 Absolute 5oz 4/16 Super Tin 12.8 oz+k-phite 1qt 4/30 Super Tin 12.8oz+Elast 25 oz 5/14 Super Tin Topsin 20 oz 5/22 Absolute 5oz+Tebuzol 6.4oz+Kphite 1 qt 5/29 Elast 50 oz+super Tin 6.4 oz 6/5 Elast 50 oz + Super Tin 6.4 oz 6/12 Quadris Top 14 oz+sulfur 2 qts 6/21 Super Tin 12.8oz+Elast 25 oz 7/1 Quadris Top 14oz+Sulfur 1 qts 7/8 Super Tin 6.4 oz+elast 50oz 7/15 Super Tin 12.8 oz+topsin 20 oz+sulfur 1 qt 7/22 Super Tin 12.8 oz+kphite 2 qts 7/29 Syllit 50 oz+bumper 6.4 oz 8/5 Absolute 7.5 oz+super Tin 6.4 oz +Sulfur 1 qt 8/12 Syllit 50 oz+super Tin 6.4 oz Cost: $303.25/acre*
23 What made the difference Air flow Sprayer Coverage
24 Air Blast Sprayer Comparison: 1-sided vs 2-sided One vs. Two Side Spraying, DW PTO 36 Fan, 2.0 mph 120 Relative Deposition Top Center One Side Both Sides Paul Sumner
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