3D Risk Management for Hydrogen Installations ENERGIX

Transcription

1 3D Risk Management for Hydrogen Installations ENERGIX Presentert av Trygve Skjold, Prosjektleder, Gexcon AS, FoU-sjef Konferansen Transportforskning 17. mars 2016

2 Background The future may entail widespread use of hydrogen in areas where people live and work Hydrogen is an energy carrier that is compatible with renewable energy sources as well as zero emissions policies when used as a fuel in the transport industry. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) offer the same user-friendliness and range as traditional gasoline or diesel cars, and can be used as heavy-duty vehicles. Toyota released the Mirai on 15 December Hydrogen explosion accident in power plant, Ohio (2007) Prognosis 2020: > FCEVs in California. Plans for 400 hydrogen refuelling stations in Germany by 2023 (H 2 Mobility JV: Air Liquide, Daimler, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total) $450 million. In this perspective, it is important to consider safety!

3 Background Gexcon develops the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLACS FLACS includes the porosity / distributed porosity (PDR) solver Flacs for simulating flow phenomena in complex geometries FLACS is primarily an engineering tool used for consequence assessments in the process industry The modelling of complex 3D geometries in typical process facilities represents a significant investment for the owners and/or operators of the plants

4 Example: Medium-congested geometry with low degree of confinement (SHIYODA, Spera Hydrogen Process)

5 Motivation Statistical records from accidents and near misses show that engineered safety and administrative procedures cannot replace risk awareness, competence and a healthy safety culture: Human errors account for about 80 percent of all events only 20 percent involve equipment failure [US DoE]. About 70 per cent of the events caused by human error can be traced to latent organizational weaknesses only 30 percent are due to mistakes by individuals In this perspective, a state-of-the-art consequence model is only one piece of the puzzle.

6 Approach Extending the use of detailed 3D models to risk communication! Create a framework for risk management that facilitates learning in organizations through discussion and practice Facilitate the use of virtual sitespecific geometry models, continuously updated ( as is, not as built ) in the daily operation of process plants Define the next paradigm in risk management!

7 3D Risk Management (3DRM) 3DRM is an integrated risk management framework for a specific facility, characterized by interactive use of a detailed 3D geometry model, a CFD tool, and other models and libraries. Within the 3DRM framework, the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) becomes a (more or less) continuous processes that evolves throughout the lifetime of the facility. Realization of the 3DRM concept entails both development of software products and related consulting services. The 3DRM concept is inspired by Agile principles for software development, which put particular emphasis on people, teams, continuous integration and knowledge sharing in organizations. 3DRM facilitates discussion of uncertainties in risk assessments. 3DRM is not an expert system!

8 3DRM for Hydrogen Installations (Hy3DRM) Innovation Project for the Industrial Sector. The Research Council of Norway supports the project under the ENERGIX program. Partners: Gexcon and Telemark University College (HiT) University College of Southeast Norway. HiT: Flame acceleration experiments with hydrogen-air mixtures and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The Norwegian contribution to IEA-HIA Task 37. Cooperation with Sandia National Laboratories: linking 3DRM and HyRAM (IEA HIA Task 37). Two employees from Gexcon followed the course in Innovation Management.

9 Implementation Generic filling station: 100 kg day -1 reference [H2FIRST] Compressor in 20 ft. ISO container compresses hydrogen from tube trailer to high-pressure storage tanks Simplified fault trees (HyRAM / Sandia reports) and event trees for selected accident scenarios: 168 dispersion simulations 168 jet fire simulations 672 gas explosion simulations

10 Hypothetical filling station

11 Example: Jet fire scenario

12 Heat radiation contours: f > 10-6 yr-1

13 Frequency contours: Q rad > 5 kw m

14 Lethality frequency jet fire

15 Real life: Compressor in ISO container

16 Inside the container

17

18 Acknowledgements The Research Council of Norway (RCN) supports the Hy3DRM project under the ENERGIX program. The HySEA project receives funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and United Kingdom, Italy, Belgium and Norway.