TABLE HISTORICAL AND RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF SUMMER AND WINTER EPILIMNETIC TP

Transcription

1 TABLE HISTORICAL AND RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF SUMMER AND WINTER EPILIMNETIC TP YEAR INVESTIGATOR STATION SUMMER AVERAGE TP, (0-10 M) N STD ERROR OF MEAN AVERAGE TP, (WATER COLUMN) WINTER 1968 B. Peterson Myers Point Not Reported B. Peterson Myers Point Not Reported B. Peterson Myers Point Not Reported EPA Myers Point N STD ERROR OF MEAN 1973 P. Godfrey Myers Point Not Reported 1994 LSC LSC LSC References: Peterson, Bruce J The Role of Zooplankton in the Phosphorus Cycle of Cayuga Lake. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Godfrey, Paul J Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Phytoplankton in Cayuga Lake. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report on Cayuga Lake, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tompkins Counties, New York. USEPA Region II. Working Paper No. 153, EPA National Eutrophication Survey. National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas. 19 p. and appendices. m TP Micrograms per liter Meters Total phosphorus

2 TABLE TOTAL P AND SOLUBLE REACTIVE P CONCENTRATIONS AND RATIO, BEGINNING AND END OF STRATIFIED PERIOD TP SRP MAY - JUNE DATA OCTOBER DATA SRP TP SRP TP DEPTH S.E. OF MEAN S.E. OF MEAN RATIO S.E. OF MEAN S.E. OF MEAN RATIO SHALLOW 0 to 10m # Samples DEEP 60m # Samples m # Samples Calculations use a replacement value of one-half the laboratory limit of detection when observations are below that limit. Micrograms per liter TP Total phosphorus SRP Soluble reactive phosphorus m Meters

3 TABLE SOLUBLE REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS () DURING Data are Average of Several Stations JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV JAN FEB DEPTH (M) Source: Ogelsby 1978 (p. 52) = Micrograms per liter

4 TABLE SOLUBLE REACTIVE P () MEASURED IN 1974 AT MYERS POINT DEPTH (M) /08 05/15 05/22 05/29 06/05 06/12 06/19 06/26 07/02 07/17 07/24 07/31 08/07 08/14 08/21 08/29 09/11 09/ Source: Unpublished data files (McKenna and Ogelsby). Cornell Biological Field Station. = Micrograms per liter

5 TABLE SUMMER AVERAGE CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION, EPILIMNION YEAR CHLOROPHYLL a () S.E. OF MEAN Not Reported 1970 Not Reported Not Reported 1978 Not Reported = Micrograms per liter References: Peterson, Bruce J The Role of Zooplankton in the Phosphorus Cycle of Cayuga Lake. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Godfrey, Paul J Spatial and Temporal Variation of the Phytoplankton in Cayuga Lake. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report on Cayuga Lake, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tompkins Counties, New York. EPA Region II. Working paper No. 153, EPA National Eutrophication Survey. National Environmental Research Center, Las Vegas. 19 p. and appendices.

6 TABLE PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA FOUND IN CAYUGA LAKE CHLOROPHYTA Ankistrodesmus Chlamydomonas Closteriopsis Closterium coccoids Coelastrum Coronastrum Cosmarium Crucigenia Dictyosphaerium Elakatothrix Gloeocystis Kirchneriella spp. Lagerheimia Micractinium Nannochloris Oocystis pusilla/parva Oocystis spp. Pediastrum Phaecotus Scenedesmus bijuga Scenedesmus spp. Schroederia Selenastrum minutus Selenastrum spp. Sphaerocystis Staurastrum Tetraedron Tetraspora CHRYSOPHYTA Chromulina Chrysococcus Chrysochromulina colonial flagellate coccoid Dinobryon epiphytes Erkenia Flagellate w/spines Mallomonas spp. micro flagellates Ochromonas Uroglenopsis americana CRYPTOPHYTA Chroomonas/Rhodomona s Cryptomonas spp. CYANOBACTERIA Anabaena Chroococcus coccoid Gomphosphaeria Merismopedia Microcystis Oscillatoria Oscillatoria 2x9u DIATOMS Achnanthes Amphiprora Asterionella formosa Cosinodiscus/Stephanodiscus centrics Cymbella Diatoma Eunotia Fragilaria Melosira Meridion Navicula Opephora pennates Rhizosolenia Stephanodiscus Synedra Tabellaria EUGLENOPHYTA Euglena Phacus PYRROPHYTA Ceratium Gymnodiniales Peridiniales

7 TABLE ROOTED AQUATIC PLANT SPECIES FOUND IN CAYUGA LAKE SINCE 1987 Myriophyllum spicatum Potamogeton crispus Potamogeton pectinatus Potamogeton pusillus Potamogeton zosteriformis Potamogeton richardsonii Chara vulgaris Ceratophyllum demersum Elodea canadensis Heteranthera dubia Najas flexilis Vallisneria americana Ranunuclus trichophyllus Zannichellia palustris Najas minor (North end) Najas marina (North end)

8 TABLE SUMMARY OF INPUT VALUES FALL CREEK AND CAYUGA INLET TOTAL SOLUBLE PHOSPHORUS LOADS MONTH FALL CREEK FLOW (1) CAYUGA INLET FLOW (2) FALL CREEK AND CAYUGA SUMMED FLOWS INLET TSP LOAD TOTAL SOLUBLE CFS M 3 /SEC CFS M 3 /SEC CFS M 3 /SEC PHOSPHORUS () KG/DAY LB/DAY May 26 June 26 July 26 August 26 September 26 October 26 MEAN 26 (1) (2) Average monthly flows over period of record ( ). Flows are adjusted for drainage area at mouth of tributary (multiplication factor 128/126 = 1.016). Average monthly flows over period of record ( ). Flows are adjusted for drainage area at mouth of tributary compared to drainage area at gauge site (multiplication factor 143/35.2 = 4.063). cfs m 3 /sec kg/day lb/day Cubic feet per second Cubic meters per second Micrograms per liter Kilograms per day Pounds per day

9 TABLE LSC TOTAL PHOSPHORUS BUDGET MONTH PERMITTED FLOW (MO. MEAN) LSC TP LOAD HYPOLIMNETIC TP M 3 /SEC MGD () KG/DAY LB/DAY May June July August September October MEAN m 3 /sec mgd kg/day lb/day Cubic meters per second Million gallons per day Micrograms per liter Kilograms per day Pounds per day

10 TABLE SOUTHERN CAYUGA LAKE TOTAL PHOSPHORUS BUDGET (STRATIFIED PERIOD) IAWWTP CAYUGA HEIGHTS TRIBUTARY LSC TOTAL MONTH KG/DAY LB/DAY KG/DAY LB/DAY KG/DAY LB/DAY KG/DAY LB/DAY KG/DAY LB/DAY PERCENT LSC AVERAGE HYDROLOGIC YEAR May June July August September October MEAN DRY HYDROLOGIC YEAR May June July August September October MEAN kg/day lb/day Kilograms per day Pounds per day

11 TABLE VALUES ENTERED IN MULTIPORT DIFFUSER MODEL CORMIX2 WITH MAXIMUM DESIGN FLOWS Diffuser Length (m) 22.5 Pipe Length (with diffuser) (m) 150 Number Ports 38 Contraction Ratio 1 Port Diameter (m) 0.15 Port Height Above Lake Bottom (m) 0.3 Pipeline Alignment Perpendicular to Shore Port Alignment Perpendicular to Pipe Ports/Riser 1 Port Angle Above Horizontal ( ) 20 Darcy-Weisbach f 0.02 Wind Speed (m/s) 2 Ambient Current Flow (m/s) 0.02 WINTER APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Ambient Temp. ( C) (top) 9.2 (bottom) 16.6 (top) 13.5 (bottom) 22.0 (top) 19.9 (bottom) 24.7 (top) 23.5 (bottom) Return Flow Temp. ( C) Excess Temp ( C) Ambient TP () Discharge TP () Excess TP () Ambient SRP () Discharge SRP () Excess SRP () Heat Loss Coefficient (W/m 2, C) Ambient Depth (m) Discharge Velocity (m 3 /s)

12 WINTER APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Discharge Flow (gpm) 10,300 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 32,000 Discharge Flow (m 3 /s) M m/s w/m 2 m 3 /s gpm TP SRP Meters Meters per second Micrograms per liter Watts per square meter Cubic meters per second Gallons per minute Total phosphorus Soluble reactive phosphorus

13 TABLE SOLUBLE REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS MIXING SUMMARY FROM CORMIX2 WITH MAXIMUM DESIGN FLOWS All Values Approximations TIME PERIOD EXCESS SRP IN DISCHARGE () 1 OF AMBIENT SRP (M) DOWNSTREAM DISTANCE REQUIRED FOR AVERAGE PLUME SRP TO BE WITHIN* 0.5 OF AMBIENT SRP (M) 0.1 OF AMBIENT SRP (M) Winter 0 * * * April 0 * * * May 0 * * * June July August September October November 0 * * * *Initial SRP in discharge is less than 0.05 from ambient. Projections are based on input values as defined in Table SRP M Soluble reactive phosphorus Micrograms per liter Meters

14 TABLE PLUME SOLUBLE REACTIVE PHOSPHORUS, RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF SENSITIVITY TO AMBIENT CURRENT VELOCITY TIME PERIOD APPROXIMATE DISTANCE AT WHICH PLUME CENTERLINE SRP IS WITHIN 0.1 OF AMBIENT SRP (M), WITH ASSUMED VELOCITIES EXCESS SRP IN DISCHARGE () 0.5 CM/SEC 2 CM/SEC 10 CM/SEC Winter 0 * * * April 0 * * * May 0 * * * June +7 3,400 3,340 1,880 July +9 6,000 5,540 3,330 August +9 6,000 5,540 3,650 September +10 7,500 6,800 3,330 October +9 5,500 5,390 2,700 November 0 * * * *Initial SRP in discharge is less than 0.05 of ambient concentration. Distance is measured directly downstream from diffuser. SRP M cm/sec Soluble reactive phosphorus Micrograms per liter Meters Centimeters per second

15 TABLE NYSDEC TROPHIC STATUS INDICATOR PARAMETERS MEASURED AT STATIONS P2, P4, AND S11, SUMMER (JUNE 1 - AUGUST 31) AVERAGE STATION YEAR TOTAL P (1) () CHLOROPHYLL a (2) () SECCHI DISK TRANSPARENCY (M) DEEP P S S SHALLOW P P P Calculations use one-half the laboratory limit of detection when observations are below that level. (1 ) Phosphorus values are averages of 0 and 10 m data at P4 or S11 and 0 and 4 m data at P2. (2) Chlorophyll a measured as a composite sample from 0 to 10 m at S11 or P4 and 0 to 4 m at P2. P M Phosphorus Micrograms per liter Meters

16 TABLE CALCULATED SECONDARY WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF INCREASED PHOSPHORUS LOADING: IMPACT ON DO DEPLETION OF HYPOLIMNION Chlorophyll a From TP Load (kg) (2) Organic Carbon From Chlorophyll a (kg) (3) Oxygen Demand From Organic Carbon Decay (10 3 /kg) (4) Estimated DO Depletion Month LSC TP Load (kg) (1) Average Range Average Range Average Range Cayuga Lake Hypolimnetic Volume (m 3 ) (5) Average Range (mg/l) Average Hypolimnetic DO Concen-tratio n (mg/l) June (5, (0.00 July (5, (0.00 August (5, (0.00 September (5, (0.00 October (2, (0.00 TOTAL (24,170-4 (0.01 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) LSC TP load from circulating maximum permitted flows, with assumed hypolimnetic TP of 20. Source: Bowie et al., Average ratio is 1 g chlorophyll a/g phosphorus. Range is 0.5 to 2 g/g. Source: Thomann and Mueller Average ratio is 75 g carbon/g chlorophyll a. Range is 50 to 100 g/g. Assumed stoichiometric ratio of 2.67 g O 2 to oxidize 1 g carbon (Thomann and Mueller 1989). Hypolimnetic monthly volumes from Sunderam et al. TP kg m 3 mg/l DO Total phosphorus Kilograms Cubic meters Milligrams per liter Dissolved oxygen

17 TABLE PROJECTED NITROGEN: PHOSPHORUS RATIOS MONTH BACKGROUND INORGANIC N (NO 3 + NH 3 ) (1) (mg/l) BACKGROUN D SRP (2) (mg/l) OUTFALL TIN: SRP PROJECTED (3) NEAR-FIELD (4) SRP (mg/l) PROJECTED (3) NEAR FIELD (4) TIN: SRP r (1) (2) (3) (4) June : July : August : Septembe : October : Data are averages of 0 and 4 m observations at P2 during Combination historical Cayuga Lake data and 1995 measurements (lower bounds). Projections made using CORMIX2, Cornell Expert Mixing Model. The near-field region, the zone of strong initial mixing, was calculated by CORMIX to be 11.25m downstream of the outfall. The values shown are averages of plume centerline SRP concentrations within this region. SRP TIN mg/l NO 3 NH 3 M Soluble reactive phosphorus Total inorganic nitrogen Milligrams per liter Nitrate Ammonia Meters