Robert Slomp Rijkswaterstaat RIZA 37. IWASA Aachen

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1 Room for the River project examples Robert Slomp Rijkswaterstaat RIZA 37. IWASA Aachen

2 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ the issues and goals ~ flood control policy ~ Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte

average: 2,200 m 3 /s /200 m 3 /s to: 12,000 m 3 /s / 3300 m 3 /s

3 Catchment area of rivers Rhine and Maas / Meuse Netherlands Germany Discharge at Lobith and Borgharen (border with Germany & Belgium): average: 2,200 m 3 /s /200 m 3 /s to: 12,000 m 3 /s / 3300 m 3 /s Design discharge (1/1250 per year): 16,000 m 3 /s / 3800 m 3 /s France Switzerland

4 Flood prone areas in the Netherlands ~inhabitants 10 million North Sea Netherlands Netherlands total surface area 36,000 km 2 inhabitants 16 million Belgium Germany

5 Maas and Rhine branches in the Netherlands IJssel delta Vecht IJssel Rhine and Maas Estuary Lek and Lower Rhine Waal Maaswerken Meuse/Maas - Project

6 Waal

7 flood plain navigation channel Room for the Rhine branches dike groyne embankment R3294 E000418n

8 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ the problem ~ flood control policy ~ The Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard

9 Deltaplan for the Coast Delay for the rivers ~ After the coastal flood of 1953 (1835 casualties) new safety standards were introduced based on risk analysis The protection of the coastal area was improved with dams, storm surge barriers and dike reinforcement. Also the river dikes had to be improved ~ Delay in River Dike Reinforcements after ±1965 till 1996

10 Floods in 93 en 95

11 The 1995 flood Facts: ~ in January high water levels on the rivers Rhine and Maas/Meuse ~ evacuation of inhabitants ~ estimated damage: 200 million Euros (mainly along Meuse) Result: In April 1995 acceptation of the Deltaplan Large Rivers by Parliament

12 Deltaplan Large Rivers (DGR) Goals for 1996: all dikes with a risk higher than 1/100 per year must be improved new dikes for the Meuse river 1/50 Goals for later ~ all other dikes must be ready in 2000 ~ the deepening and widening of the river Meuse must be ready in 2005

2000 ~Dike reconstruction of the Deltaplan is completed ~Design discharges 15000 m 3 /s and 3650 m 3 /s

13 2000 ~Dike reconstruction of the Deltaplan is completed ~Design discharges m 3 /s and 3650 m 3 /s ~ Two projects remained (estuaries) ~IJsseldelta, city of Kampen 2002 ~Lek, Schoonhoven- Everdingen- 2007

14 What is the main issue? 1. Safety against extreme floods ~ In 2001: Higher Design Discharges Rhine -> m3/s ( m3/s) Maas -> 3800 m3/s ( m3/s) In 2006 Maas -> 4000 m3/s (on average a 30 cm increase in water level) ~ Climate change Discharge (height and duration) Sea level rise -> in cm Wind climate (duration, speed & direction) ~ Dike reinforcement will become more and more of a problem (raising the crest levels of the dikes)

000 m 3 /s Meuse 4600 m 3 /s Sea level rise

15 Potential Increase of the Water level Long term (2100) Discharges Rhine m 3 /s Meuse 4600 m 3 /s Sea level rise 0.60 cm Sea level rise works twice => extra sedimentation

16 What is the problem?; 2. Improvement of overall environmental conditions ~ Competitive spatial requirements in the flood plain (urban and recreational pressure versus safety) ~ Decreasing quality of the landscape ~ Wish for new nature along the rivers ~ Improvement of the waterfront (cities) ~ Water recreation ~..

19 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ the problem ~ flood control policy ~ The Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte

20 In time less space for the river Arnhem 1830 Arnhem 2000

21 Decisions in ~ Maintaining existing space / restriction of activities in the flood plain -> ~ Policy guidelines for the River in 2000 ~ When possible the old policy of dike reinforcements is abandoned in favour of Room for the River fore-runner projects (hydraulic constraints) ~ Develop a plan to safely discharge m3/s and improve the overall environmental conditions -> Spatial Planning Key Decision (SPKD) in 2006 ~ Study the possibilities for damage control Government position paper in 2006

22 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ flood control policy ~ Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte

23 Integrated Approach ~ Involve all governmental levels * 5 Provinces * 16 Waterboards * 100 Municipalities ~ Consider all relevant aspects ~ Consider all possible measures ~ Use Policy Analysis as a tool ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte

24 Possible Measures 5, 6 3 low water level high water level lowering of groynes 5 locally setting back dikes deepening low flow channel 6 setting back dikes on a large sc removing hydraulic obstacles 7 detention reservoir lowering flood plains 8 reduction lateral inflow Room for the Rhine branches E000323c

Spatial Planning Key Decision Room for the River The document presents an integrated spatial plan with the main objectives of flood protection, physical planning and the improvement of overall

25 Spatial Planning Key Decision Room for the River The document presents an integrated spatial plan with the main objectives of flood protection, physical planning and the improvement of overall environmental conditions. A package of about 40 projects to be completed before 2015, with a budget of 2.2 billion Euros. and: ~ a long-term vision à reservation of areas ~ a plan that fits into the international agreements, such as the action plan for the Rhine

26 Basic Package of flood protection works (2015)

27 Long-term vision Physical planning

28 Long-term vision (reservations)

29 conclusions on the key planning decision Important aspects are: ~ awareness of the real problem ~ triggers like a flood (and floods in neighbouring countries) ~ open communication ~ co-operation between national and regional authorities

30 Tools for policy evaluation Planning kit Risk Analysis kit Optimilization tool

31 Planning Kit

32 Risk analyses kit WV21 blokkendoos Veiligheid What was the risk in /2005 What will it be in 2015 (current measures) 2050 (spatial planning or/more protection measures, 2100 and climate change)

33 Optimisation tool determining optimal safety levels per dike ring

34 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ flood control policy ~ Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ RVR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte

35 Design and construction phase ~ 40 projects ~ Project implementation by ~ Waterboards ~ Provinces (Overdiepse Polder) ~ Rijkswaterstaat (Noord waard) ~ Cities (Bypass Lent)

36 Design and construction phase Challenges - Staying in control: budget objectives design water levels - spatial planning - improvement of overall environmental condition Overall safety (often forgotten) - since it is not an official objective - Tools: through the renewal of the guidelines for dike improvement including river measures knowledge management in the project (many measures are interdependent)

37 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ flood control policy ~ Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners /7 ~ RvR Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerwolte

39 Dike relocation Bakenhof (Arnhem Zuid) No regret projects

40 Mixed projects DGR and RvR Maaswerken (Borgharen to Boxmeer) / km of dikes/levees at a safely level of 1/50 per year brought to a level of 1/250 per year ( 40% floodplain closed off) - Room for the river measures in the remaining flood plain to make levees frequency 1/250 per year ( gravel excavation) - better river navigation Cost 700 million euros (paid for by gravel extraction) Beneficiaries people

41 Mixed projects DGR and RvR Dike reinforcement Lek dikes (frequency level 1/2000e per year) Lexmond to Fort Everdingen Room for the river measures in the flood plain ~ 30 km Costs 16 million construction 30 million total costs including planning and procurement of land

42 Everdingen dike reconstruction Southern Lek dike reinforcement

43 Everdingen dike recontruction 125 ha nature development

44 Contents ~ some characteristics of the Netherlands ~ history / the flood of 1995 ~ flood control policy ~ Spatial Planning Key decision Room for the River (SPKD) ~ Design and construction phase ~ Mixed projects/ Fore-runners ~ Projects brought forward: Overdiepse Polder, Noordwaard, Westerholte

45 Overdiepse Polder de-poldering Bergsche Maas Side channel

46 De-poldering of Overdiepsche Polder

47 Overdiepse Polder In the Estuary South shore: New dikes designed probabilisticly: years of climate change m3/s more discharge - 60 cm of sea level rise - Uncertainties in water levels and wind

48 Noordwaard Depoldering (In the Estuary) Boven Merwede Bypass through a polder

49 De-poldering of the polders in the Biesbosch : Project Noordwaard ~ Very effective 60 cm drop in design water levels on the Boven Merwede and Beneden Merwede ~ Long term solution If design is correct

50 Westerwolte dike relocation and lowering of the Scheller en Olderneller flood plain IJssel river

51 Westerwolte dike relocation Design is based on the principle that future climate change will be accomodated through more room for the rivers. Estimation of future water levels are made using probabilistic models as a check

52 New Tools for Design MHW processor for probabilistic dike design (estuaria) Hydra-models for dike assessment adapted for design Design table ->> combining mapping techniques and 2d modelling (upper river)

53 Danke

Programme Room for the River

Programme Room for the River Peter Jesse Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Watermanagement, Transport en Public Works, Programmadirectie Ruimte voor de Rivier Content ~ What is the problem? ~ Different measures