Side channels along the River Rhine in the Netherlands; an effective rehabilitation measure?

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1 Side channels along the River Rhine in the Netherlands; an effective rehabilitation measure? Wageningen The Netherlands October 2, 2003

2 Side channels along the River Rhine in the Netherlands; an effective rehabilitation measure? Luc Jans, Max Schropp & Frank Kok Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management RWS Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment

3 Contents River Rhine River rehabilitation Side channels Objectives Examples Monitoring and evaluation Conclusions Some more slides..

4 Rhine/Waal

5 Rhine/Waal Regulated river (groynes) Embanked Aggradated floodplain (with clay) Sand and clay extraction in floodplains Isolated water bodies within floodplain

6 Waal Main branch of the Rhine Main navigation connection Without wires Average discharge is 1600 m 3 /s Water level fluctuations more than 5 meter Main river bed consists of sand

7 River rehabilitation Measures for ecological restoration and flood prevention digging a side channel

8 Side channels in The Netherlands Two main reasons: safety and ecological restoration Creation of man-made side channels by excavating the floodplain Strict preconditions because of navigation and safety Thus: rehabilitation freedom between clear limits

9 Side channels in The Netherlands Opijnen Beneden-Leeuwen Gamerensche Waard Three side channels

10 Opijnen Re-opening; 1994; 10 m 3 /s

11 Beneden-Leeuwen Re-opening; 1995; 5 m 3 /s Waal (Rhine)

12 Gamerensche Waard East channel; 1996; Creation; shallow, slow-flowing; 0 m 3 /s West channel; 1996; Creation; shallow, fast flowing; 10 m 3 /s South channel; 1999; Creation/Connection; deep, slowflowing; 20 m 3 /s

13 Gamerensche Waard sand pit dyke

14 Side channels effective? Monitoring!!! Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and water discharge targets Increasing knowledge

15 Objectives monitoring (1) Checking possible risks Navigation: Aggradation of the main channel Navigation: Cross currents Safety: Destabilization of embankments Maintenance: Transport polluted sediments Maintenance: Filling up side channel Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge

16 Objectives monitoring (2) Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and water discharge targets Ecological rehabilitation: Establishment of target species; fish, macro-invertebrates and plants Safety: Larger discharge capacity at extreme high water Increasing knowledge

17 Objectives monitoring (3) Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge Erosion and sedimentation processes; improving hydro morphological models Failure and success factors establishment organisms (habitat and ecotoxicology)

18 Aggradation main channel? Upstream section Middle section Downstream section Bed level difference compared to September 1996 (m) jan-96 jan-97 jan-98 jan-99 jan-00 jan-01 jan-02 jan-03 Maximum permitted aggradation

19 Safety; Destabilization embankments?

20 Filling up side channels? Waal Large channel South channel West channel West channel East channel N Meters

21 Ecological rehabilitation? Flora Floristic quality 1,6 1,4 1,2 Very high 1,0 High 0,8 Medium 0,6 Low 0,4 0,2 Limosella aquatica Eleocharis acicularis Cyperus fuscus Xanthium strumarium Inula britannica Very low 0,0 Mud flat Sandy beach Side channels 1998 Side channels 2000 Side channels 2002 Average River Waal (± standard deviation)

22 Ecological rehabilitation? Fish Side channels suitable habitats for rheophilic fish species, especially in spring during the larval phase Most abundant rheophilic fish species: Barbel: Barbus barbus Ide: Leuciscus idus Gudgeon: Gobio gobio Asp: Aspius aspius Suitable habitats: Water depth between cm Flow between 5-30 cm/s Quick colonization

23 Ecological rehabilitation? Macro-invertebrates (1) Number of organisms per m South channel Gamerensche Waard Connecting the side channel to the river Rheophilic Limnophilic Indifferent Unknown preference taxa 15 taxa 22 taxa 28 taxa 26 taxa n=4 n=6 n=7 n=10 n=8

24 Ecological rehabilitation? Macro-invertebrates (2) Number of taxa 40 Chironomidae /19th century Rhine Tisza Main channel Rhine Side channels Gamerensche Waard Side channel Opijnen

25 Safety: larger discharge capacity? Excavating side channels creates larger water discharge capacity The high sand sedimentation rate in the side channels and the vegetation development do not influence this discharge capacity seriously up till now

26 Conclusions Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge

27 Conclusions Checking possible risks No navigation problems: Hardly any aggradation main channel No undesired cross currents

28 Conclusions Checking possible risks No navigation problems: Hardly any aggradation main channel No undesired cross currents Safety: Local (controllable) erosion of embankments

29 Conclusions Checking possible risks No navigation problems: Hardly any aggradation main channel No undesired cross currents Safety: Local (controllable) erosion of embankments Maintenance: Only (non-polluted) sand transport Sedimentation; no dredging so far

30 Conclusions Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets High biodiversity (especially rheophilic species) Continuous rejuvenation of the floodplain; pioneer habitats Larger discharge capacity at extreme high water; not annulled yet by vegetation development Increasing knowledge

31 Conclusions Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge: surprises Morphology Hydraulics Ecology

32 Conclusions Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge: surprises Morphology: Very dynamic Sand in stead of clay High local heterogeneity Hydraulics Ecology

33 Conclusions Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge: surprises Morphology Hydraulics: Navigation influences flow in side channels Ecology

34 Conclusions Checking possible risks Evaluating ecological and discharge targets Increasing knowledge: surprises Morphology Hydraulics Ecology: Fast colonization of aquatic species High variety

35 Some more slides

36 Waal East channel South channel

37

38 East channel

39 West channel

40 Inlet West channel

41 At In the beginning end

2. EXPERIENCES WITH SIDE CHANNELS ALONG THE RIVER RHINE IN THE NETH- ERLANDS

2. EXPERIENCES WITH SIDE CHANNELS ALONG THE RIVER RHINE IN THE NETH- ERLANDS 2. EXPERIENCES WITH SIDE CHANNELS ALONG THE RIVER RHINE IN THE NETH- ERLANDS Luc Jans 1, Max Schropp 1, Frank Kok 2 & Tom Buijse 1 1 Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, Institute

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