STUDENT PROJECT PROGRAMME

Transcription

1 STUDENT PROJECT PROGRAMME ( SCIENCES) TECHNICAL RECORD 31 st Series: Released on the occasion of SEMINAR-CUM-EXHIBITION OF SELECTED PROJECTS at ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CHIKMAGALUR on 29 th and 30 th August, 2008 Organised jointly by KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE, BANGALORE and ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CHIKMAGALUR

2 31 st Series of Student Project Programme - Technical Record : A book on summery of Students Projects selected for Seminar-cum-exhibition for the year Published by Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Compiled and Edited by: Dr. S. G. Sreekanteswara Swamy, Fellow K. N. Venkatesh, Project Assistant, KSCST. Size : A4 Pages : 178 KSCST No. of Copies : 700 Published by: Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Telephone : , , Telefax : office@kscst.iisc.ernet.in, spp@kscst.iisc.ernet.in, office@kscst.org.in Website: Supported by: Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Department of Science and Technology, Government of Karnataka Printed by: Elegance Offset and Screen Printing 17th Cross, Tank Bund Road Malleswaram, Bangalore st Series : SPP : KSCST :

3 CONTENTS FOREWORD 13 ABOUT KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 14 ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY - A BRIEF OVERVIEW 16 PROGRAMME OF 31 ST SERIES: ON 29 TH AND 30 TH AUGUST SEMINAR PROJECTS BIOTECHNOLOGY SL. No. PROJECT REF. NO. TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE 1. 31S339 OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIA COMPONENTS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RETINOIDS BY GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI USING DESIGN EXPERT SOFTWARE - B.V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI 2. 31S043 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON AEROMYCOFLORA OF SOME LIBRARIES IN DAVANGERE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE 3. 31S411 OPTIMISATION OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM HIGH TDS DISTILLERY SPENT WASH AND DESIGN OF THE REACTOR FOR THE PROCESS - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE 4. 31S803 CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF INDIAN RED WINE - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 5. 31S804 MECHANISTIC STUDIES TO EVALUATE THE CANCER PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT AEGLE MARMELOS (BILVA) - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 6. 31S802 SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE USING ION EXCHANGE RESINS COATED WITH POLYMERS - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 7. 31S583 AUGMENTATION OF PERFORMANCE OF MAHUA OIL DERIVED BIODIESEL OPERATED DIESEL ENGINE - NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DEVANAHALLI, BANGALORE 8. 31S742 A STUDY ON PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS USING AQUATIC WEED SALVINIA MOLESTA - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE 9. 31S337 EDIBLE HEALTH TOOTH PASTE FOR APPETITE - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE CHEMICAL SL. No. PROJECT REF. NO. TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE S901 RECOVERY OF SILVER FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM WASTE - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S447 DECOLORIZATION OF DYE WASTE WATER BY ADSORPTION USING ALUMINA ADSORBENT - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE PAGE NO PAGE NO st Series : SPP : KSCST :

4 CIVIL S487 CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF BC SOIL OF BUNDI VILLAGE - B.L.D.E.A's. V. P. DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH.,, BIJAPUR S819 VARIATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE BASED ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND FLAKINESS OF AGGREGATE - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S817 UTILIZATION OF SUGAR-MILL WASTEWATER FOR BIOGAS GENERATION BY USING HYBRID ANAEROBIC REACTOR - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S319 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF MASONRY VAULTS - EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCALED MASONRY - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S859 STUDIES ON RAT TRAP BOND MASONRY USING STABILIZED MUD BLOCKS - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S214 EFFECT OF AGEING IN VARIOUS BITUMINOUS MIX - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S552 STUDIES ON SLEEVED COMPOSITE COLUMNS CONFINED WITH FRP AND GFRP FOR SEISMIC RESISTANCE - GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF, RAMANAGARAM S641 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF RATIO OF DIFFERENT SIZED COARSE AGGREGATES ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE - GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, RAJARAJESHWARINAGAR, BANGALORE S519 STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USING WASTE RUBBER TYRE AND WASTE COILED FIBRES - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S824 FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AND COCKTAIL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AS REPAIR MATERIALS - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S768 UTILIZATION OF IRON ORE TAILINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FINE AGGREGATE - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S715 STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE COLUMN - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF, MYSORE S747 STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL USING BIO-ENZYMES FOR PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE S311 MODERNIZATION OF HUBLI AIRPORT - SDM COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD S065 DETERMINATION OF CBR VALUE BY CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR COMPUTER SCIENCE AND S547 FIRE RESCUE APPLICATIONS IN RURAL AREAS USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS - ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S828 CRYPTO MAIL - SECURE SYSTEM USING ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD ALGORITHM (AES) - BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S534 VIRTUAL CLASSROOM: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME DOCUMENT SHARING AND VIEWING PROCESS - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S433 MOBILE CONTROLLING ELECTRONIC DEVICES - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET st Series : SPP : KSCST :

5 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS S527 PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUE FOR ECONOMIC DISPATCH PROBLEMS - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S047 ENERGY AUDITING OF BIET CAMPUS, DAVANGERE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S647 PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED SERIAL DATA SIMULATOR - HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI S027 SURVEY TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION AND PERFORMANCE IN KARNATAKA - MESCOM REGION - MANNUGUDDA - ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE, VAMANJOOR, MANGALORE S205 REAR ENTERTAINMENT DVD SYSTEMS IN CARS - EAST POINT COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S253 FAULT DETECTION AND AUTOMATION OF INDIAN RAILWAYS - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S900 WIRELESS AUTOMATED DIGITAL ENERGY METER (WADEY METER) - JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE S801 FACE RECOGNITION USING CODEBOOK DESIGNED BY CODE CLASSIFICATION - K.V.G. COLLEGE OF, SULLIA S324 ENHANCED RESTORATION OF BROKEN / HAZY CHARACTERS - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE S889 ENCRYPTING DATA AND STORING INTO AUDIO CASSETTES - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA S848 SMART CARD AND RFID BASED AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM - SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENGERI, BANGALORE SOUTH INSTRUMENTATION S218 ACTIVE TRANSPONDERS FOR A FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM - UNIVERSITY BDT COLLEGE OF, DAVANGERE ENVIRONMENTAL S353 BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CHIKMAGALUR CITY - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION S793 HANDICAPS WHEELCHAIR CONTROLLED BY HEAD MOVEMENT - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN INFORMATION SCIENCE AND S906 SECURE NETWORK - YELLAMMA DASAPPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY S455 IMPROVING THE ROBUSTNESS OF TCP TO PACKET REORDERING - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA, SURATHKAL, MANGALORE INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY S548 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC IMAGE RECOGNITION SYSTEM - DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE st Series : SPP : KSCST :

6 MECHANICAL S643 HYBRID GASIFIER - B.V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI S264 PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES BY ARECA NUT SHELLS AND ARECA NUT POWDER - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S307 HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR IC ENGINES - KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR S799 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BATTERY CONTROLLED WHEEL CHAIR - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S030 CYLINDER PRESSURE MODELING AND SPARK ADVANCE CONTROL IN FOUR STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINES - NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S026 PROJECT VYOMA - R. V. COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S133 A STUDY OF EPOXY-EGLASS-NYLON6 / 6 LAMINATES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S732 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW WITHIN A CALANDRIA BASED REACTOR - SKSVMA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWARA, GADAG TELE S333 WIRELESS MOBILE BOMB DISPOSAL UNIT - BASAVAKALYAN COLLEGE, BASAVAKALYAN, BIDAR SEMINAR AND EXHIBITION PROJECTS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SL. No. PROJECT REF. NO. TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE S668 AGRICULTURAL FIELD INFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF, SHIMOGA S669 EVENT BASED CUSTOMIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR FARMERS USING EXISTING MOBILE TERMINAL DEVICES AND NETWORKING PLATFORM - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF, SHIMOGA S283 ROUTING SIMULATOR - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S786 AUTOMATION OF OFF-LINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION SYSTEM - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S607 ACADEMIA - COMPLETE PORTAL SOLUTION FOR COLLEGE - STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR S183 KAKSHA - THE WIRELESS E-CLASS ROOM - VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF, MYSORE PAGE NO st Series : SPP : KSCST :

7 INSTRUMENTATION S463 SPEED CONTROL OF VEHICLES USING WIRELESS - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR MECHANICAL S632 DESIGN OF MULTI NUT TIGHTENER AND REMOVER FOR FOUR WHEELER AUTOMOBILE - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR S207 REMOTE CONTROLLED AIR DUCT CLEANER - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR S678 PLATFORM SANITARY CODE ENFORCER FOR ONBOARD RAILWAY COACH - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S268 EFFECT OF MATRIX AND COMPOSITE CURING TIME ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ARECA COMPOSITES - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE ARCHITECTURE S830 CASE STUDY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY APPLICABLE IN KARNATAKA STATE - MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANIPAL ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS S806 MAGNETIC PROPULSION CAR - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S798 AN ON-LINE PREPAID ENERGY METER - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S082 TOUCHLESS INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT - BAHUBALI COLLEGE OF, SHRAVANABELAGOLA S184 "EGBMAC" - EMBEDDED GSM BASED MONITOR AND CONTROL - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S187 ROBOTIC FIRE FIGHTER - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S244 AUTOMATIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED E-AGRICARE - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S578 PARTIALLY ASSISTED AUTOMATION FOR FORMATION OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S860 MONITORING THE DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES ON A CAN NETWORK - SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENGERI, BANGALORE SOUTH INFORMATION SCIENCE AND S788 MELODY INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY S585 HUMAN BODY PARAMETERS MEASURING DEVICE - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE st Series : SPP : KSCST :

8 MEDICAL ELECTRONICS S890 HEART RATE VARIABILITY BASED ARRHYTHMIA CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY S102 DEVELOPMENT OF KNITTED AND WOVEN FABRICS AND GARMENTS USING BAMBOO FIBRES - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S057 EXTRACTION OF SILK SERICIN FROM DEGUMMING WASTE WATER AND ITS REUTILIZATION IN BIOMEDICAL FIELD - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE EXHIBITION PROJECTS BIOMEDICAL SL. No. PROJECT REF. NO. TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE S676 DEMO ON BLOOD OXYGENATOR - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S670 FOOT TO KNEE MASSAGER - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM CIVIL S645 EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MIX PROPORTIONING AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF PAVEMENT QUALITY AND LEAN CONCRETE WITH HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA COMPUTER SCIENCE AND S625 VOICE ENABLED BROWSER - BAHUBALI COLLEGE OF, SHRAVANABELAGOLA S891 FACE ANTHROPOMETRY IN ELECTORAL VOTING SYSTEM - DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S789 SYNTHESIS OF FACIAL IMAGE USING DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S748 BLUECON - DEVICE CONTROL BY MOBILE BLUETOOTH - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE S710 WIRELESS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM - SKSVMA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWARA ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS S528 INTELLIGENT TRANSFORMER FAULT MONITERING SYSTEM - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S301 RFID CARD BASED INDUSTRIAL MACHINE CONTROL AND SECURITY SYSTEM - HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM S309 PIC BASED WIRELESS POWER THEFT ALERT (AUDIBLE AND VISIBLE) - KLS'S VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECH., HALIYAL PAGE NO st Series : SPP : KSCST :

9 93. 31S361 AUTOMATION OF COFFEE PLANTATION USING RF CARD WITH DIGITAL WEIGHING SCALE - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S366 BABY MONITORING INTENSIVE CARE UNIT - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S381 ELECTRONIC BINOCULAR WITH X AND Y AXIS MOVEMENT WITH CAMERA - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S370 INTELLIGENT AMBULANCE FOR CITY TRAFFIC POLICE - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S376 INTELLIGENT CAR ACCIDENT AVOIDER USING AIR BAG - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S474 FAULT FINDING SYSTEM FOR POWER LINES - B.L.D.E.A's. V. P. DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH.,, BIJAPUR S190 AUTOMATED LPG MONITORING SYSTEM - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S831 AUGMENTED DIGITAL WATERMARKING - DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S574 DETECTION OF INFESTED MAIZE SEEDS USING SOUND PROCESSING TECHNIQUE - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S565 GESTURE CONTROLLED LOCOMOTIVE ROBOT - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S560 GPS AND GSM BASED VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S577 PREPAID SMART CARD AND AUTOMATION FOR TOLL COLLECTION - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S563 LASER SYSTEM - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S443 MULTI-LINGUAL SCRIPT RECOGNISER - K.V.G. COLLEGE OF, SULLIA S115 AUDIO HOMING CAR - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S106 BRAILLE READER AND OBSTACLE WARNING DEVICE FOR BLIND - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S117 MODEL RAILROAD AUTOMATED TRACK INSPECTION CAR - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S113 STATION MONITORING SYSTEM - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S111 WIRELESS ENABLED ELECTRONIC HELMET FOR VEHICLE SECURITY AND LAW REINFORCEMENT - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S856 IMPLEMENTATION OF I 2 C PROTOCOL BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER AND MEMORY DEVICES - A DATALOGGER - M.V.J COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S758 POWER MONITOR - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE S326 AIR SURVEILLANCE - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE S325 INVISIBLE EYE - AN ADVANCED SECURITY SYSTEM - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE S330 TRACKING OF LOST CELL PHONE - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE 31st Series : SPP : KSCST :

10 S907 GAS LEAKAGE MONITORING AND HAZARD PREVENTION THROUGH GSM NETWORKS FOR GAS PIPELINES - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA S876 IMPLEMENTATION OF RFID AND ITS APPLICATIONS - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA S874 INTEGRATED SAFETY TOOL FOR CAR USING CAN BUS - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA S419 VOICE CONTROLLED AUTONOMOUS ROBOT WITH OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET S423 WEIGHT MONITORING AND DATA LOGIN SYSTEM WITH USER AUTHENTICATION - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET S810 MICROCONTROLLER BASED ADVANCED ATM SECURITY SYSTEM - RURAL COLLEGE, HULKOTI S203 GSM BASED AIRPORT AUTOMATION - SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR S151 GSM BASED COMMUNITY ELECTRIC BILLING CONTROLLER - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S143 GSM BASED INDUSTRIAL DISASTER INTIMATION CONTROL SYSTEM - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S162 NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MONITORING WITH PC - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S391 SMARTRACK INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM - SKSVMA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWARA S612 BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR S038 MICROCONTROLLER BASED INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND SAFETY - TONTADARYA COLLEGE OF, GADAG INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION S163 ANALYSIS OF WEAR PROPERTIES OF A HARD FACED AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S164 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ABRASIVE HOT AIR BLASTING MACHINE FOR ETCHING GLASS AND CERAMIC MATERIALS - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S622 MECHANICAL BASED ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM FOR A 3.2 CC REMOTE CONTROLLED CAR - B.L.D.E.A's. V. P. DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH.,, BIJAPUR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND S019 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTHENTICATION AND RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S779 PC BASED HOME AUTOMATION - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S725 SOCIO-CERTIFICATE WEB - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY S885 EMBEDDED BASED FLUID LEVEL AND PROPORTIONATE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER FOR PROCESS AUTOMATION - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA S886 CLOSED LOOP POSITION CONTROL USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA st Series : SPP : KSCST :

11 S292 AUTOMATIC RATION DISPENSER - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET S291 THEME PARK USING AUTOMATION - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET MECHANICAL S815 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PNEUMATIC ENGINE DEVELOPED FOR IC- ENGINE HYBRIDIZATION - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S270 ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S407 MULTI AXIS CUT-OFF MACHINE WITH MILLING AND DRILLING ATTACHMENT - K.V.G. COLLEGE OF, SULLIA S320 AUTOMATIC SOLAR PANEL TRACKING SYSTEM BY USING MECHANICAL DEVICES - MARATHA MANDAL'S COLLEGE, BELGAUM S762 DEVELOPMENT AND FABRICATION OF PALLETIZING STATION WITH MECHATRONIC APPLICATION - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITE S025 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM LOW COST FEEDSTOCK - R. L. JALAPPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DODDABALLAPUR S446 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ARECA DEHUSKING MACHINE - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR S136 KITCHEN WASTE BASED COMPACT BIOGAS PLANT - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA TELE S544 SMART SECURITY SYSTEM USING RADIO - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S340 INTERACTIVE VIDEO STREAMING - AN AID TO THE RURAL MEDICAL SYSTEM - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE S344 SCRAMBLER / UNSCRAMBLER OF VOICE - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE LIST OF PROJECTS SELECTED FOR PROJECT OF THE YEAR AWARD AND COMMENDATION CERTIFICATE DURING SEMINAR CUM EXHIBITION OF 29 th SERIES: STUDENT PROJECTS SANCTIONED UNDER 31 st SERIES: DETAILS OF STUDENT PROJECT PROGRAMME SEMINAR CUM EXHIBITION HELD 176 ABSTRACTS OF TECHNICAL LECTURES 31st Series : SPP : KSCST :

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13 FOREWORD Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST) was founded in the year 1975 with a view to utilize the scientific and technical expertise of a large number of Scientists, Technologists and Engineers in the State to alleviate prevailing poverty, improve the living standards of people and to reduce differentiation through S & T intervention. Housing, Energy, Environment, Water and Waste Management are some of the sectors that were identified by KSCST for improved and efficient management through S and T intervention. Some of the success stories arising from the activities of the Council include: design of novel biogas plants, solar collectors, solar pond, gasifiers, design of high efficiency cooking stove (ASTRA Ole), setting up of rural energy centres and innovative use of sisal plant. Recent major initiatives of KSCST for societal benefits include Rain Water Harvesting, National Spatial Data Infrastructure and Waste Management. Apart from playing a catalytic role in the implementation of sustainable technologies to society-centric problems/ issues, KSCST has also been promoting research, development and innovation in universities. Innovation and technology are needed to transform our nation from reliance on the exploitation of natural resources to technological innovation as basis for sustainable and all inclusive development. Recognising this need, KSCST initiated Student Projects Programme, popularly known as SPP as early as The main purpose of this programme is to bring out hidden talent and innovative spirit burning in the minds of engineers graduating from colleges across the State. Under this programme, KSCST has been providing both technical and financial support to projects undertaken by the final year engineering students of VTU and of other engineering colleges. All these projects were selected and funded by KSCST after peer review by the faculty of Indian Institute of Science. After the completion of projects, they were again evaluated by the experts. Thus KSCST has been playing crucial role in building confidence and enhancing capabilities of engineering graduates passing out from colleges in the State. This is the 31 st SPP Seminar in the series conducted uninterruptedly. We are very pleased that Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur, an institution with a good reputation, is hosting this programme. We hope that this Seminar and Exhibition will inspire students to become more innovative and building innovative society. We thank the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India and Government of Karnataka for their continued support in the conduct of this programme. M. K. Surappa Secretary 31st Series : SPP : KSCST :

14 ABOUT KSCST Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST) was established in 1975 to play a catalytic role in promoting the application of Science and Technology in developmental processes of the state in order to benefit a large segment of people. KSCST is the first State Council to be set up in the country to fulfill the long-felt need of bringing together administrators, field level officers in various government departments, scientists and technologists in research laboratories and research institutions. The council has chosen many areas like Energy, Agriculture, Water, Housing, Health and Education for its activities. The Council has completed several projects in these areas such as Mid-day Meals for School Children, Lowcost Housing, Solar Energy Applications, Zoning Atlas, Mapping for use in district administration, Water resources development, Hand pumps for drinking water wells in villages, etc. The objectives of the State Council are: To identify areas for application of Science and Technology to development needs, objectives and goals for Karnataka, and in particular, to the prevailing conditions of backwardness, rural unemployment and poverty; To advise government on the formulation of policies and measures including technical, administrative and legal devices, which will promote such applications to identified needs, objectives and goals; in particular to health, education and manpower utilisation with special emphasis on the development of human skills in the rural areas and in the slums; and which will promote the scientific management of the natural resources of the State; To promote effective coordination and to develop and foster communication and other links between centres of scientific and technological research, Government agencies, farms and industries so that promising Research and Development work is initiated, promoted and effectively deployed in agriculture, in government and elsewhere; To initiate, support and coordinate applied research programmes in universities and other institutions in areas identified to be specially suitable for the application of Science and Technology; To prepare Science and Technology plans relevant to the development needs of the State; To consider, and advise the government on such other matters as relevant to the application of Science and Technology to the problems of Karnataka State. The Council has constantly involved several institutions and governmental agencies to identify research areas of interest in major concerns such as Housing, Energy, Water supply, Ecology and Environment, Industries and Rural employment. The Council has evolved a methodology of conducting workshops with participation by leading scientists and administrators and technocrats to identify problems faced, in the state, in each area and to formulate research projects based on these identified problems. These problems were given to different research labs for study and to evolve solutions and these have also been implemented in the fields wherever found suitable. The Council has undertaken several path breaking programs in the area of Energy. To name a few, it has setup a rotor windmill for pumping water at Ungra, a community biogas st Series : SPP : KSCST :

15 service unit supplying water and electricity in Pura, Energy Parks in different parts of the state, Solar water heating systems in several places. It has also set up a 20 KW microhydel station at Elaneer village in Dakshina Kannada district, which uses a modern technology of cross flow turbines developed by Indian Institute of Science. KSCST has assisted the state in district level planning in 27 districts through setting up of Natural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS) centers in these districts. These centers use modern scientific tools like Geographic Information System (GIS) and spatial data support system for use in identifying locations with problems like drinking water supply, location of hospitals, schools, etc. This helps in empowerment of local bodies of governance in optimal use of resources. KSCST has done lots of experimentation in treatment of municipal solid and liquid wastes and their recycling. KSCST has participated in the identification of research programmes in the area of biodiversity. KSCST is involved in identifying the problems and strategies for S&T inputs in various sectors. One of the major activities of KSCST has been to improve the quality of education in our colleges. In view of this, Student Project Programme (SPP) was started during to sponsor engineering student projects and this innovative project has been playing a very important role for last three decades. Many projects deal with technologies for use in applications very relevant to the State. During the 31st series ( ) of this programme which commenced in November 2007, a total of 350 projects from 54 engineering colleges were sponsored by the Council. Since its start in 1978, the Council, under this programme, has supported nearly 6000 projects. The success of these activities are mainly due to excellent co-operation which the council received from different departments of the Government and the scientific community in different research institutions of Karnataka, particularly Indian Institute of Science. The support and cooperation of many senior functionaries of the state government like the Chief Minister, Minister for Science and Technology, Finance Minister, Minister for Rural Development and Panchayat Raj as well as the Chief Secretary, Additional Chief Secretary, Development Commissioner, Finance Secretary, Science and Technology Secretariat are extremely important in the success of these activities. The Council has completed 31 years and is looking forward for even more participation from colleges for improving the performance further. * ~ * ~ * 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

16 ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CHIKMAGALUR - A BRIEF OVERVIEW Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology was established in the year 1980 with the blessings of revered Sri Sri Sri Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji, Pontiff, Sri Adichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Math, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District with the aim of imparting quality Technical Education. The institution is located in the famous Chikmagalur city, which is 240 Kms. from Bangalore and well connected by Bus routes to all major cities and town of the state. The institute campus is spread over an area of 65 acres and is located on Kadur- Mangalore Highway. The campus with a serene, scholastic atmosphere consists of well planned buildings. The departments of the college have been accredited by NBA, New Delhi. The ISO 9001 : 2000 certificate is also given to the college. The Institute has highly qualified and experienced Teachers with reputation in their areas of specialization. The institute provides a good residential hostel accommodation to the students. The college has a built up area of 29,734 Sq. mtrs that includes spacious classrooms, well equipped laboratories, Library with over volumes, 600 computers with the latest Software and a Seminar hall of 500 capacity. At present the college offers the following courses which includes 8 UG, 2 PG and research programme. Under Graduate courses: 1. Civil Engineering 2. Environmental Engineering 3. Mechanical Engineering 4. Industrial & Production Engineering 5. Electrical and Electronics Engineering 6. Electronics and Communication Engineering 7. Computer Science and Engineering 8. Information Science and Engineering Post Graduate Courses: 1. Thermal Power Engineering (M.tech. - Mechanical) 2. Master of Business Administration (MBA) The Chapters of Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE), Student Chaper, IEEE branch, Institution of Engineers (India) Chapters, Science and Technology Entrepreneurs park (STEP), IT Incubation Centre and IIPC to help in all round development of students. The academic performance of the college is excellent with result being above the average of the university results. Since , when the first batch of students passed out from the institute until the latest batch there have been a total 143 ranks secured by our students. Our students have also shown their talents at various cultural events and youth festivals by winning several Prizes at university & state level competitions. Over 30 reputed companies have visited our campus for recruitment and the placements have been excellent with more than 500 students being placed in several companies from last three years. Dr. C. K. Subbaraya Principal Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur st Series : SPP : KSCST :

17 KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY BANGALORE and ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CHIKMAGALUR Seminar-cum-Exhibition of Student Project Programme - 31 Series August 2008 Date : 29th August 2008 Time : AM Venue : Seminar Hall, BGS Block, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur INAUGURAL FUNCTION His Divine Presence Sri Sri Sri Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji Hrs Registration Hrs Invocation Hrs Welcome Address Dr. C. K. Subbaraya Principal, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur Hrs of Dignitaries on the Dias Hrs Garlanding - Dignitaries Hrs Introductory Remarks Mr. A. R. Shivakumar Executive Secretary, KSCST, Bangalore Hrs Lighting the Lamp Hrs Inaugural Address and Release of SPP Compendium Sri. Anand Vasant Asnotikar Hon ble Minister for Science and Technology and Fisheries Government of Karnataka Hrs Presidential Remarks Prof. M. K. Surappa Secretary, KSCST, Bangalore Hrs Blessings by Sri Sri Sri Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji Hrs Vote of Thanks Dr. S. G. S. Swamy Fellow, KSCST, Bangalore Hrs TECHNICAL SESSIONS 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

18 TECHNICAL SESSIONS Friday, August 29, Hrs 1500 Hrs TECHNICAL LECTURE - 1 Prof. Venkataram Pallapa Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Topic : Issues and Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing Venue : Seminar Hall, Department of Environmental Engineering, II Floor, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur SEMINAR SESSION 1: Friday, August 29, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 1 (Seminar Hall, Department of Environmental Engineering, II Floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : BIOTECHNOLOGY SL. No. PROJECT REF. NO. TITLE OF THE PROJECT AND NAME OF THE COLLEGE 1. 31S339 OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIA COMPONENTS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRODUCTION OF RETINOIDS BY GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI USING DESIGN EXPERT SOFTWARE - B.V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI 2. 31S043 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON AEROMYCOFLORA OF SOME LIBRARIES IN DAVANGERE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE 3. 31S411 OPTIMISATION OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM HIGH TDS DISTILLERY SPENT WASH AND DESIGN OF THE REACTOR FOR THE PROCESS - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE 4. 31S803 CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT STUDIES OF INDIAN RED WINE - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 5. 31S804 MECHANISTIC STUDIES TO EVALUATE THE CANCER PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT AEGLE MARMELOS (BILVA) - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 6. 31S802 SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE USING ION EXCHANGE RESINS COATED WITH POLYMERS - M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE 7. 31S583 AUGMENTATION OF PERFORMANCE OF MAHUA OIL DERIVED BIODIESEL OPERATED DIESEL ENGINE - NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DEVANAHALLI, BANGALORE st Series : SPP : KSCST :

19 8. 31S742 A STUDY ON PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS USING AQUATIC WEED SALVINIA MOLESTA - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE 9. 31S337 EDIBLE HEALTH TOOTH PASTE FOR APPETITE - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE SESSION 2: Friday, August 29, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 2 (Seminar Hall, Department of Civil Engineering, C Block, Ground Floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : CIVIL S487 CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF BC SOIL OF BUNDI VILLAGE - B.L.D.E.A's. V. P. DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH.,, BIJAPUR S819 VARIATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE BASED ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND FLAKINESS OF AGGREGATE - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S817 UTILIZATION OF SUGAR-MILL WASTEWATER FOR BIOGAS GENERATION BY USING HYBRID ANAEROBIC REACTOR - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S319 LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF MASONRY VAULTS - EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCALED MASONRY - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S859 STUDIES ON RAT TRAP BOND MASONRY USING STABILIZED MUD BLOCKS - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S214 EFFECT OF AGEING IN VARIOUS BITUMINOUS MIX - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S552 STUDIES ON SLEEVED COMPOSITE COLUMNS CONFINED WITH FRP AND GFRP FOR SEISMIC RESISTANCE - GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF, RAMANAGARAM S641 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF RATIO OF DIFFERENT SIZED COARSE AGGREGATES ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE - GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, RAJARAJESHWARINAGAR, BANGALORE S519 STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE USING WASTE RUBBER TYRE AND WASTE COILED FIBRES - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S824 FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AND COCKTAIL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AS REPAIR MATERIALS - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

20 20. 31S768 UTILIZATION OF IRON ORE TAILINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FINE AGGREGATE - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S715 STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE COLUMN - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF, MYSORE S747 STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL USING BIO-ENZYMES FOR PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION - NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE S311 MODERNIZATION OF HUBLI AIRPORT - SDM COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD S065 DETERMINATION OF CBR VALUE BY CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS - VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR ARCHITECTURE S830 CASE STUDY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY APPLICABLE IN KARNATAKA STATE - MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANIPAL SESSION 3: Friday, August 29, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 3 (Seminar Hall, Department of Computer Science, D Block, II Floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : COMPUTER SCIENCE AND S547 FIRE RESCUE APPLICATIONS IN RURAL AREAS USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS S828 CRYPTO MAIL - ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE - BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S534 VIRTUAL CLASSROOM: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME DOCUMENT SHARING AND VIEWING PROCESS - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S433 MOBILE CONTROLLING ELECTRONIC DEVICES - PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET S668 AGRICULTURAL FIELD INFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF, SHIMOGA st Series : SPP : KSCST :

21 31. 31S669 EVENT BASED CUSTOMIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR FARMERS USING EXISTING MOBILE TERMINAL DEVICES AND NETWORKING PLATFORM S283 ROUTING SIMULATOR - JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF, SHIMOGA - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S786 AUTOMATION OF OFF-LINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION SYSTEM - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S607 ACADEMIA - COMPLETE PORTAL SOLUTION FOR COLLEGE - STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR S183 KAKSHA - THE WIRELESS E-CLASS ROOM - VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF, MYSORE SESSION 4: Friday, August 29, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 4 (Seminar Hall, Department of Mechanical Engineering, B Block, Ground floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS S527 PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUE FOR ECONOMIC DISPATCH PROBLEMS - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR S047 ENERGY AUDITING OF BIET CAMPUS, DAVANGERE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S647 PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED SERIAL DATA SIMULATOR - HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI S027 SURVEY TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION AND PERFORMANCE IN KARNATAKA - MESCOM REGION - MANNUGUDDA S806 MAGNETIC PROPULSION CAR - ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE, VAMANJOOR, MANGALORE - KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S798 AN ON-LINE PREPAID ENERGY METER - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN INSTRUMENTATION S218 ACTIVE TRANSPONDERS FOR A FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM - UNIVERSITY BDT COLLEGE OF, DAVANGERE 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

22 43. 31S463 SPEED CONTROL OF VEHICLES USING WIRELESS - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR MEDICAL ELECTRONICS S890 HEART RATE VARIABILITY BASED ARRHYTHMIA CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE SESSION 5: Friday, August 29, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 5 (Seminar Hall, Department of Electronics and Communication. D Block, Ist Floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : S205 REAR ENTERTAINMENT DVD SYSTEMS IN CARS - EAST POINT COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S253 FAULT DETECTION AND AUTOMATION OF INDIAN RAILWAYS - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S900 WIRELESS AUTOMATED DIGITAL ENERGY METER (WADEY METER) - JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE S801 FACE RECOGNITION USING CODEBOOK DESIGNED BY CODE CLASSIFICATION - K.V.G. COLLEGE OF, SULLIA S324 ENHANCED RESTORATION OF BROKEN / HAZY CHARACTERS - P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE S889 ENCRYPTING DATA AND STORING INTO AUDIO CASSETTES - PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA S848 SMART CARD AND RFID BASED AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM - SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENGERI, BANGALORE SOUTH S082 TOUCHLESS INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT - BAHUBALI COLLEGE OF, SHRAVANABELAGOLA S184 "EGBMAC" - EMBEDDED GSM BASED MONITOR AND CONTROL S187 ROBOTIC FIRE FIGHTER - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE st Series : SPP : KSCST :

23 55. 31S244 AUTOMATIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED E-AGRICARE - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S578 PARTIALLY ASSISTED AUTOMATION FOR FORMATION OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES - GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM S860 MONITERING DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES ON A CAN NETWORK - SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENGERI, BANGALORE SOUTH 1730 Hrs 1830 Hrs TECHNICAL LECTURE - 2 Dr. A. R. Manjunath Chief Designer (Systems) RWR & DC Hindusthan Aeronautics Limited, Bangalore Topic : Challenges in Helicopter Design and Helicopter Projects at HAL Venue : Seminar Hall, Department of Environmental Engineering, II Floor, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur 1900 Hrs Cultural Programme by students of Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

24 Saturday, 30th August, 2008 TECHNICAL SESSIONS SESSION 1: Saturday, August 30, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 3 (Seminar Hall, Department of Computer Science, D Block, II Floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY S548 AUTOMATIC IMAGE RECOGNITION SYSTEM - DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S585 HUMAN BODY PARAMETERS MEASURING DEVICE - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE INFORMATION SCIENCE AND S906 SECURE NETWORK - YELLAMMA DASAPPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE S788 MELODY INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN TELE S333 WIRELESS MOBILE BOMB DISPOSAL UNIT - BASAVAKALYAN COLLEGE, BASAVAKALYAN, BIDAR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY S455 IMPROVING THE ROBUSTNESS OF TCP TO PACKET REORDERING - NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA, SURATHKAL, MANGALORE st Series : SPP : KSCST :

25 SESSION 2 : Saturday, August 30, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 4 (Seminar Hall, Department of Mechanical Engineering, B Block, Ground floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs CHAIRMAN : MECHANICAL S643 HYBRID GASIFIER - B.V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI S264 PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES BY ARECA NUT SHELLS AND ARECA NUT POWDER - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S307 HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR IC ENGINES - KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR S799 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BATTERY CONTROLLED WHEEL CHAIR - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN S030 CYLINDER PRESSURE MODELING AND SPARK ADVANCE CONTROL IN FOUR STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINES S026 PROJECT VYOMA - NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE - R. V. COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S133 A STUDY OF EPOXY-EGLASS-NYLON6 / 6 LAMINATES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS - SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA S732 EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FLUID FLOW WITHIN A CALANDRIA BASED REACTOR - SKSVMA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWARA, GADAG S632 DESIGN OF MULTI NUT TIGHTENER AND REMOVER FOR FOUR WHEELER AUTOMOBILE - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR S207 REMOTE CONTROLLED AIR DUCT CLEANER - SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR S678 PLATFORM SANITARY CODE ENFORCER FOR ONBOARD RAILWAY COACH - BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT S268 EFFECT OF MATRIX AND COMPOSITE CURING TIME ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ARECA COMPOSITES - AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY - GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

26 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION S793 HANDICAPS WHEELCHAIR CONTROLLED BY HEAD MOVEMENT - MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN SESSION 3 : Saturday, August 30, 2008 VENUE : HALL NO. 5 (Seminar Hall, Department of Electronics and Communication. D Block, Ist Floor, AIT, Chikmagalur) TIME : Hrs. CHAIRMAN : CHEMICAL S901 RECOVERY OF SILVER FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM WASTE - BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE S447 DECOLORIZATION OF DYE WASTE WATER BY ADSORPTION USING ALUMINA ADSORBENT - DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE ENVIRONMENTAL S353 BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CHIKMAGALUR CITY - ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY S102 DEVELOPMENT OF KNITTED AND WOVEN FABRICS AND GARMENTS USING BAMBOO FIBRES - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE S057 EXTRACTION OF SILK SERICIN FROM DEGUMMING WASTE WATER AND ITS REUTILIZATION IN BIOMETICAL FIELD - BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE Hrs TECHNICAL LECTURE 3 By Dr. S. K. Shivakumar Director ISTRAC, ISRO Bangalore Topic : CHANDRAYAN-1 MISSION - India s first mission to Moon Venue: Seminar Hall, Department of Environmental Engineering, II Floor, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur 1600 Hrs 1730 Hrs VALEDICTORY FUNCTION st Series : SPP : KSCST :

27 VALEDICTORY FUNCTION Saturday, the 30th August 2008 Time : 4.00 PM Venue : Seminar Hall, BGS Block, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur His Divine Presence Sri Sri Sri Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji Hrs. Invocation Hrs. Welcome Address Dr. C. K. Subbaraya Principal, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology Chikmagalur Hrs of Dignitaries on the Dias Hrs. Address by Prof. M.K. Surappa Secretary, KSCST Hrs. Valedictory Address Dr. A. R. Upadhya Director, National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore Hrs. Chief Guest Sri. R. Narayana Swamy, IAS Deputy Commissioner, Chikmagalur Hrs. Preside over by Sri H. B. Rajagopal Member, Governing Council Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur Hrs. Presentation of Awards, Prizes & Certificates Hrs. Response of Principal of participating College Hrs. Blessings by Sri Sri Sri Balagangadharanatha Maha Swamiji Adichunchanagiri Maha Samsthana Math Hrs. Vote of Thanks * ~ * ~ * 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

28 SEMINAR PROJECTS BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. OPTIMIZATION OF MEDIA COMPONENTS BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR PRODUCTION OF RETINOIDS BY GIBBERELLA FUJIKUROI COLLEGE : B.V. BHOOMARADDI COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, HUBLI GUIDE : JAGADISH S. BENNALE STUDENTS : PRIYADARSHINI NADAGOUDA RACHANA JOSHI SHRADDHA HARTI YASHASHREE ANGADI The car gene cluster of the ascomycete Gibberella fujikuroi encodes two enzymes responsible for torulene biosynthesis (Car RA and Car B), an opsin like protein (Car O) and a putative carotenoid cleaving enzyme (Car X). The expression of the CarX gene in Escherichia.Coli led to the formation of the opsin chromophore retinal. In addition to retinal, retinol and retinoic acid were also found. The identity of the products was proven by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequent in-vitro assays with heterologously expressed and purified CarX confirmed its β-carotene cleaving activity and revealed its capability to produce retinal from substrates like γ-carotene, torulene and -apo- 8 carotenal. Objectives Production of retinoids using Fusarium- Armstrong synthetic media. Validation of the results obtained by RSM analysis. Qualitative analysis of retinoids by thin-layer chromatography Quantitative estimation of retinoids By high performance liquid chromatography Finding the levels [H(+1) and L(-1)] of the media components of the Armstrong media Screening of the media components by Plackett-Burman Design Statistical optimization by RSM using Design Expert software Response Surface Plot of Response vs ZnSO4, Ca Nitrate 0.00 ZnSO Ca Nitrate Hold Values Glucose 5.5 KH2PO PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON AEROMYCOFLORA OF SOME LIBRARIES IN DAVANGERE COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF & TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : DR. RANGASWAMY MR. N.S. MANJUNATH STUDENTS : VINAY D.B RAMAKANTH REDDY B RAGHAVENDRA C.H SANTHOSH M Aerobiology is defined as a discipline of investigation of aerial transport of biological materials. Pollen grains and fungal spores and some bacteria are among the most abundant airborne bioparticles. This increased awareness has made the study of microorganisms present in the air important and hence the study of aerobiology has acquired a prominent place in various fields of environmental science. Fungal spores are an important component of the bioaerosol. There are about 80,000 species, most of which are cosmopolitan in origin. The biological features of fungi i.e. their ease of dispersion makes fungi one of the chief agents of contamination of any type of substrate including cellulose materials in the books of library. Many are pathogenic to human beings causing allergic problems including asthma due to differential deposition in the respiratory system and also these fungi along with bacteria are responsible for the deterioration of the materials in the library. Objectives Identification of predominant fungal spores present in the library st Series : SPP : KSCST :

29 Study of qualitative and quantitative (wherever possible) variations of the fungal spores. Study of these fungal spores in relation to their allergenisity on library users. Aeromycoflorall studies were carried out between February to May at two libraries in Davangere namely, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology library and second the Central Library of Davangere. Leitz microscope with camera attachment was used for scanning of fungal spores and photomicrographs were taken using CCD camera attachment. The culture plates were exposed for 2-3 hours at different places in the library. After the exposures, plates were incubated at 25 0 C for 3-5 days and kept for colony growth. After few days colonies were observed for number and distribution of fungal colonies on agar plates and recorded in the note book for total number of colonies, species present. For species identification specimen microscopic slides were prepared using glycerin gelly as mounting media and lactophenol cotton blue stains. Scope for Future work Further studies on the occurrence of actinomycetes in indoor air could bring about better understanding of their possible role in occupational related health hazards. Characterization of fungal allergens responsible for the induction of seasonal allergic rhinitis and asthma and to identify the specific IgE/ IgG binding protein fractions of different fungal allergens will help in immunotherapeutic procedures. Results and conclusions The results of the 3 months data on aeromycofloral survey showed that the indoor library atmosphere was never free of fungal spores. A total of 10 types of fungal spores were identified up to generic level and rest all spore types which are not identified were grouped under unidentified spore types. Air borne fungal spores recorded were representatives of the three major groups i.e. Ascomycotina, Zygomycotina and Deuteromycotina. On the basis of this study the following conclusions were made. 1. The indoor environment of Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology library and Central library of Davangere are rich in fungal spores. 2. The morphological characters of predominant fungal spores have been studied and incorporated. 3. Among fungal spores the group Deuteromycotina formed a dominant part of the air spora. The dominant airborne fungal spore types were Aspergillus, Penicillium which accounted for 40-60% of the total fungal catch followed by Mucor and Syncephalastrum species. 4. Respiratory/allergic disorders have been correlated with the incidence of potential allergy causing fungal organisms in the library environment as explained by other workers. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

30 3. OPTIMISATION OF METHANE PRODUCTION FROM HIGH TDS DISTILLARY SPENT WASH AND DESIGN OF THE REACTOR FOR THE PROCESS COLLEGE : G M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANAGERE GUIDE : DR. B T PATIL STUDENTS : ARAVIND E S BINDHU H B DEEPA D T THARANATH G Spent wash is a byproduct from distilleries after extraction of alcohol from molasses and is a rich source of organic matter, N2, P, K, Ca and S. Also, it contains micronutrients like Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, B etc. Anaerobic digestion of spent wash results in energy generation and also pollution reduction. The existing methods lose lot of energy in the form of methane and the present work is an attempt to provide suitable microbes and a process for biomethanation even with high TDS spent wash. Objectives Design of a suitable reactor for methane production from high TDS spent wash Materials and Methods A reactor of 25.41cm diameter and 40cm height made of 0.3cm thick plate was fabricated. The volume of the reactor is 20 lit and it was placed in a jacket of length 25cm and 26.4cm dia. It contained an agitator of 12cm diameter and 32cm length with an internal grid spacing of 4cm. Suitable motor was used as the drive. Distillery spent wash with a ph of and having a BOD of 80,000-90,000 mg/lit and COD of 120, ,000 mg/lit was collected. To initiate the methane production, cow dung and sheep manure were used. The experiment set-up also contains an inverted jar setup to collect the produced methane gas and an incubator to maintain constant temperature. The process was carried-out using slow stirring and at three different temperatures viz. at 25 o C; 30 o C and 37 o C and the results were tabulated. Conclusions Spent wash treatment by way of biomethanation is found to be more beneficial from energy consideration and also pollution reduction. The spent wash treated by this method can also be sprayed on mud to get press mud, which can be a fertilizer. 4. CHEMICAL AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF INDIAN WINE COLLEGE : M. S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDES : DR. CHANDRA PRABHA M N DR. AHALYA STUDENTS : HARSHITH BHAT MANASI N PRASAN NEETA PATIL KOTHAI Wines have been used for health reasons since ancient times. Of late, there has been a spate of reports emanating from the medical community citing wine's effects upon health based on the presence of those components other than alcohol. Free radicals and oxidative stress are known to cause a wide range of ill effects and diseases and their prevention is known to ameliorate the effect. Free radicals are highly reactive species produced in the body during normal metabolic functions or introduced from the environment (xenobiotics compounds, diesel exhaust, tobacco smoke, radiation etc). Free radicals and oxidants can trigger lipid peroxidation, as well as the oxidation of proteins and DNA. All these events cause extensive damage to body cells and play an important role in many pathological states. In fact, it is believed to play a role in more than sixty different health conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, inflammation and aging process. The antioxidants in wine and grape juice favorably modulate the blood clotting that climaxes heart attacks and strokes; they help further by relaxing blood vessels and inhibiting the oxidation of LDL (the "bad") cholesterol to its dangerous form. Second in importance to their cardiovascular benefits are wine's antioxidant actions against cancer. Objective Present work focuses on the beneficiary aspects of Indian wine as an antioxidant. The project involves studies on chemical and antioxidant properties of Indian Wine. Indian wine possesses potent free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. The following parameters were studies in detail. 1. DPPH scavenging activity: The principle for the reduction of 1, 1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical is that, the antioxidant reacts with stable free radical, DPPH and converts it to 1, 1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazine st Series : SPP : KSCST :

31 2. Ferrous sulphate induced lipidperoxidation inhibition activity: MDA reacts with TBA to give a colored compound which has an absorbance maxima at 532 nm, which serves as a convenient index for determining the extent of peroxidation reactions. 3. Copper sulphate / Ferric chloride / Hydrogen peroxide induced lipidperoxidation inhibition activity: Similar to that of ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation, except that here copper sulphate or hydrogen peroxide is used to induce lipidperoxidation. % Scavenging DPPH Wine concentration (g/ml) Figure 1: Effect of wine concentration on DPPH scavenging. % Inhibition Ferrous sulfate LPx Wine concentration (g/ml) Figure 2: Effect of wine concentration on ferrous sulphate induced lipid peroxidation. Conclusions The results of in vitro antioxidant activity showed a significant free-radical scavenging effect, as wine extract was found to be both good hydrogen and electron donor as evidenced in DPPH assays. The high antioxidant activity of wine extract may be due their redox properties, which play an important role in adsorbing and neutralizing free radicals, quenching oxygen, or decomposing peroxides. The wine extract was effective in inhibiting the copper sulphate induced lipid peroxidation and the IC 50 was observed to be 450 g/ml. The wine extract was also effective in inhibiting the ferrous sulphate, ferric chloride and hydrogen peroxide induced lipid peroxidation and the IC 50 was observed to be 260 g/ml, 225 g/ml and 300 g/ml respectively. Scope for future work Analyzing the different chemical constituents of wine extract. Comparative study with International brand of wines. Assessment of pharmacological properties. 5. MECHANISTIC STUDIES TO EVALUATE THE CANCER PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF AEGLE MARMELOS (BAEL) COLLEGE : M. S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDES : DR. BALIGA & LOKESH K N STUDENTS : AMITHA SHETTY NEHA PRASAD All living things rely on some form of radiation for their existence. Ionizing radiation affects all life on earth. Ionizing radiation is every where and gives rise to our natural background radiation dose. This radiation is always present in the environment as cosmic rays form outer space, emanation from radioactive minerals, and internally from natural radioactive elements. Humans are exposed to artificial sources of ionizing radiation from nuclear power plants atomic bomb test fallout, medical x- rays and radioactive source used for cancer. Ionizing radiation includes non particulate radiation such as X rays and radiation produced by energetic charged particles such as alpha and beta rays and by neutrons as fro nuclear reaction. Objectives To evaluate and study the radio protective activity of Aegle marmelos leaf extract. The following materials, chemicals and equipments were used for experimentation Materials: Shead dried leaves of Bale- 500gms Chemicals: DPPH, Sodium Nitroprusside, Greese Reagent, Ferric chloride, O-Phenanthroline, EDTA, Ammonium molybdate, Equipments: UV/VIS Spectrophotometer, Soxlet apparatus Vortex & Centrifuge. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

32 Following In-vitro anti- oxidant studies were conducted DPPH scavenging Nitric oxide scavenging Ferric ion reduction Phosphomolybdate assay Anti- lipidperoxidative assay Scope for future work Detailed photochemical investigation of the extract and finding the neutraceutical scope of the active principle, Further characterization by spectroscopic studies. 6. SUSTAINED DRUG RELEASE USING ION EXCHANGE RESINS COATED WITH POLYMERS COLLEGE : M.S. RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. CHANDRA PRABHA M N STUDENTS : ALFIYA ANSAR AMRITHA KIDIYOOR KIRAN PILLI Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, is effective against both gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria. 1 Ciprofloxacin HCL destroys microorganisms by inhibiting DNA gyrase, a type II bacterial topoiosomerase necessary to separate replicated DNA during DNA Synthesis. Inhibiting DNA gyrase prevents the enzyme from resealing the double stranded DNA after the nick is created during replication. Ciprofloxacin HCl will also kill bacteria in both the active and inactive growth phases. will lead to toxic response hence causing side effects. To maintain the desired drug concentration level multiple doses can be administered i.e. safe dose at periodic intervals but this is inconvenient and patient compliance is often poor. To overcome these problems, sustained release can be used. Sustained release gives a prolonged therapeutic effect by continuously releasing medication over an extended period of time after administration of single dose hence reducing the frequency of administration. This is achieved with the use of Ion exchange resins: Ion exchange is reversible exchange of ions (of like charge) between a solid phase and a liquid phase, solid phase being the resin. The drug when complexed with the resin it s known as the drug resin complex of the Resinate. The interaction between the drug and the resin is partially chemical and a result of physical adsorption. It s a double decomposition process. The ion from the IER is replaced by the ion on the drug and thus a complex is formed.the ion of the IER which is exchanged by the drug is known as the Counter ion. At the site of drug delivery this process is reverted as a result the ion is released into the environment. Objectives To formulate and evaluate the sustained release drug delivery system for ciprofloxacin HCl using Ion exchange resin. Preformulation studies with ciprofloxacin and Indion 244 resin. Purification and activation of Indion 244. Optimization of drug loading in resins by studying the various parameters like stirring speed and Drug: Resin ratio. Study of in-vitro release of the drug from the resin in the presence of different counter ions like deionized water, ph 1.2, 0.1N NaCl, 0.5 N NaCl and ph 6.8. Study of the mechanism of the drug release. Results and Conclusions The aim of the present work was to formulate and evaluate a sustained release dosage form of Ciprofloxacin. It was successfully achieved by complexation of the drug of interest with the Ion exchange resin, Indion 244. In case of single dose administration, by increasing the size of the drug, the duration of the drug in the plasma above the minimum effective level can be extended. Resulting in the drug concentration which The study revealed that the Drug resin complexes can be prepared by batch method through proper adjustment of the formulation parameters i.e. 300 rpm stirrer speed and D: R ratio of 0.75:1. At these parameters, 95% maximum loading was achieved st Series : SPP : KSCST :

33 The resinates having a reasonable loading efficiency, effectively control the release of a relevant amount of the active drug over a 24 hour period and release the drug dependant on the ph of the dissolution medium. The present study indicated that release of drug from the resinate obeyed diffusion controlled process and first order release rate. Sustained release oral suspension of Ciprofloxacin HCL was successfully formulated for a release profile up to 24 hrs using Indion 244 as a cationic resin acting as a rate controlling parameter. Scope for future work Taking into consideration the gastric emptying time with respect to the GIT route, release studies can be carried out. This will give a more accurate indication of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug on human consumption. 7. AUGMENTATION OF PERFORMANCE OF MAHUA OIL DERIVED BIODIESEL OPERATED DIESEL ENGINE COLLEGE : NAGARJUNA COLLEGE OF & TECHNOLOGY, DEVANHALLI, BANGALORE GUIDES : PROF. KAPILAN N PROF. CHANDRASHEKHAR BIRADAR STUDENTS : ANIL KRISHNA K RAJESH S SANDEEP K Fast depletion of fossil fuels is demanding an urgent need to carry out research work, to find viable alternative fuels. Hence lot of works has been carried out to find suitable alternative to the diesel and petrol. For diesel engine, biodiesel is considered as a best substitute for diesel. But for the experimental work, biodiesel was prepared from edible oil or jatropha or honge oil. Objectives In the present work, an experimental work was carriedout to study the effect of injector opening pressure on the performance of the biodiesel operated diesel engine. To prepare biodiesel from mahua oil by transesterification using methanol and potassium hydroxide and to optimize the process variables such as oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature and quantity of catalyst. Materials required for biodiesel production is shown in Table 1. The mahua oil was converted into biodiesel by transesterification. The reactants required for the transesterification are fatty acids (or oil), alcohol and catalyst. To study the fuel properties of diesel, mahua oil, mahua oil biodiesel. To study the performance of the diesel engine with diesel and mahua oil biodiesel To study the effect of fuel injector opening pressure on the performance of the biodiesel operated diesel engine. The injector opening pressure was increased by increasing the tension of the spring which is provided on the needle. This results in higher fuel injector opening pressure Compare the diesel engine performance with diesel and biodiesel (better injector opening pressure). Table 1 Raw materials required fro biodiesel production. Raw material Alcohol Catalyst Specification Manufacturer Grade Methanol (99%assay) Potassium Hydroxide (84%assay) E.Merck(india) Ltd, Mumbai E.Merck(india) Ltd, Mumbai Oil Mahua oil Local market Double refined LR LR In this work, an experimental work was carried out to study the feasibility of using non edible mahua oil as a substitute for diesel in the diesel engine. But the biodiesel operation resulted in lower brake thermal efficiency. This may be due to the slightly higher viscosity of the biodiesel which results in poor atomization. This problem may be tackled by increasing the injector opening pressure or adding commercially available fuel additive. Figure 1. Transesterification setup 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

34 Results and Conclusions Based on the experiments, the following conclusions were made. The raw mahua oil was converted into biodiesel. The fuel properties of biodiesel was better than raw oil. The performance of the diesel engine with mahua oil biodiesel was lower than the neat diesel operation. This may be due to the slightly higher viscosity of the biodiesel. The performance of the biodiesel operated diesel engine was augmented by increasing the fuel injector opening pressure to 220 bar. This higher injector opening pressure improves the atomization and spray formation of the biodiesel. This results in better combustion of the fuel and higher brake thermal efficiency. A 4% - 6 % increase in brake thermal efficiency was observed at 220 bar as compared to 180 bar recommended for diesel operation. Scope for future work The compression ratio of the engine can be varied to increase the efficiency of the biodiesel operated diesel engine. Commercially available additives can be tried to improve the performance of the biodiesel operated diesel engine. Fumigation of gaseous fuel can be used to improve the performance of the biodiesel operated diesel engine. 8. A STUDY ON PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS USING AQUATIC WEED SALVINIA MOLESTA COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : DR. UJWAL P STUDENTS : NIVEDITHA KAMATH SHWETHA H SOUMYA SUVARNA BHAVANA RAJ Pollution of ground water, rivers and lakes by heavy metals is a very serious problem in many regions. The pollution of water bodies takes place due to careless attitude of industries. The effluents released by printing, tanning, paint, battery, 34 chromoplating industries are the main cause of pollution of fresh water bodies. Very often these industries are small scale cottage industries without employing proper effluent treatment measures; release the untreated effluents in the nearby areas. This results in pollution of soil and water. For the purpose of bioremediation of polluted fresh water bodies, hyrophytes are used, which help in absorption of pollutants and retaining them in the body parts of the plant. This type of bioremediation is called phytoremediation. Objectives To determine the efficacy of removal or bioremediation of heavy metal pollutants by waterweed Salvinia molesta from fresh water. Various concentrations of the metals were considered and in the case of manganese the root, bladder and leaves potential for bioremediation was done. Bioethanol production from dead plant in order to find out the economic viability of this process. Result and conclusion Collection of Salvinia molesta Acclimatization in laboratory condition Addition of metals with known concentration A time bound study of uptake of metals Analysis carried out by U.V. Spectrophotometry* Plant dried and subjected for digestion Triacid mixture Production of ethanol or bioethanol by cellulose digestion with Baker s yeast The present work has determined the rate of removal of metallic elements by the aquatic macrophyte Salvinia molesta. The aquatic plant Salvinia molesta have shown promising potential for the removal of heavy metals with different concentration. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

35 The present study reveals that manganese concentration was decreased by almost 96%. It suggests that uptake of chromium by Salvinia molesta was less when compared with manganese uptake. This suggests that Salvinia molesta may be an accumulator for zinc. To identify best method to process antimicrobial agent and abrasive from plant source. To determine the antimicrobial activity of product that is to be incorporated in toothpaste. To determine the hydrolytic activity of the enzyme protease, amylase and lipase incorporated in the toothpaste Salvinia molesta may prove to be a good accumulator for zinc and manganese when compared to chromium. Fermentation of the treated plant with Baker's yeast produced almost 30% ethanol. Scope for future work Salvinia molesta can be used as a fertilizer, mulch or compost because some pollutants can leak to soil or underground water. In order to increase the ethanol yield further study need to be undertaken by using more suitable microorganisms, addition of precursors, improving the media formulation. 9. EDIBLE HEALTH TOOTH PASTE FOR APPETITE COLLEGE : P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE GUIDE : DR. KRISHNA PRASAD NOORALABETTU STUDENTS : SHANON LYNN MONTEIRO SRIDEVI KINI FOUZIA ANSARI RASHA ABDUL RAHMAN Everyday we consume or spit toothpaste which causes harm to human, animals, agriculture and the environment since much of it becomes airborne, part of it drains into the soil and also gets ingested. Hence there is a great scope to avoid use of these hazardous chemicals and replace it with natural, non toxic, nutritional and antibacterial ingredients. In an attempt to address this longfelt need a number of products have been developed over a long period of time. The project team have formulated a tooth paste by using natural abrasives, cleansing agents, antimicrobial agents and enzymes, which provides nutritional supplements, kills pathogenic microorganisms and improves human digestion. Objectives To identify the best method to sterilize nutritional supplement of tooth powder. Materials and Methods The Renjeer (Mimusops elengi) tree bark (RTB) was collected from Idu, a village located adjecent to the Western Ghats of Udupi district. Ground nuts (Arachis hypogaea) and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) were obtained from the local grocery shops of Mangalore. Commercial hydrolytic enzyme mix consisting of amylase, protease and lipase, with the trade name Digezyme GF was supplied by SAMI Labs Ltd., Bangalore and was used to study the biocatalytic activity with different concentaions of renjeer, clove, calcium, magnesium, zinc, potassium and sodium. Microbes tested for sensitivity were Pseudomonas, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. The methodology includes: Pulvarization of renjeer tree bark, clove and ground nut Sterilization of raw material Proximate analysis Enzyme assay Amylolytic activity of the enzyme Proteolytic activity of the enzyme Lipolytic activity of the enzyme Effect of temperature on enzyme activity Effect of ph on enzyme activity Effects of the aqueous renjeer extract, clove extract and effectors on enzyme activity Antimicrobial activity assay Product formulation Sterilization of equipment and media Results and Conclusion Different formulations with varying ratios of ground renjeer plant bark powder (G-AD-RTB), clove powder 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

36 (G-SD-CLV) and ground nut powder (G-SD-GN) at 5:3:2, 2:3:5, 2:1:7, 3:2:5 and 5:1:4 proportions respectively. All these five different formulations (3:2:5, 5:1:4, 2:3:5, 2:1:7, 5:3:2) were sterilized at 100 º C for 30 minutes on three successive days, and were plated on every 10 days intervals to find microbial load developed in each sample( Fig. 3.6 and 3.7). Formulation with 3:2:5 ratio of renjeer plant bark powder (G-AD-RTB), clove powder (G- SD-CLV) and ground nut powder (G-SD-GN) was found suitable. Hence a great scope exists to avoid using hazardous chemicals which are harm to the human, animals, agriculture and the environment, by formulating a toothpaste with safe ingredients, which provide nutritional supplements, kills pathogenic microorganisms and improves human digestion, by using natural abrasives, cleansing agents, antimicrobial agents and enzymes. CHEMICAL 10. RECOVERY OF SILVER FROM PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM WASTE COLLEGE : BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : USHA H. S STUDENTS : DIVYA. B.R RASHMI V SAHANA.D.C SWATHIKA Aim of the project is to recover the silver from photographic film waste by adsorptive bubble separation method. It intend to study the effect of concentration of surfactant, contact time and temperature on recovery. After the process the quality of the waste water is detected by a water quality detection kit. There are many methods which have been established commercially to recover silver that exists in photographic waste such as precipitation, electrolysis and ion exchange. Adsorptive bubble separation method is one of the methods wherein one of the components gets selectively adsorbed on the bubble owing to the charge difference.the silver ion gets selectively adsorbed on the tail of the surfactant and thereby can be separated from the solution. Objectives The objective of the project is to recover silver from the photographic film waste using cationic surfactant. The parameters affecting the recovery like aeration time, volume of surfactant and temperature are varied and its effect on the silver recovery is studied. Adsorptive bubble separation method in which silver ions with appropriately prepared surfaces attach themselves to gas bubbles and are thereby floated from the aqueous phase. The surfactant molecule is characterised by the simultaneous presence of both nonpolar group and a polar group. By adsorbing at the solid/aqueous interface, a surfactant imparts hydrophobicity to the surface and this facilitates the removal of surfactant coated silver particles from the aqueous phases. Conclusion Silver from waste photographic film solution was recovered very economically in very less time by adsorptive bubble separation method. From the experiment conducted, it can conclude that the optimum conditions for the maximum recovery of silver: Aeration time - 1 hour Volume of surfactant - 10 ml Temperature - room temperature Under these optimum conditions the recovery of silver from photographic waste was found to be 34%. Scope For Further Work Further investigations can be done by increasing the concentration of surfactant. The experiment can be conducted with different types of cationic surfactants. The experiment can be conducted below room temperatures for recovery of silver. 11. DECOLORIZATION OF DYE WASTE WATER BY ADSORPTION ON ALUMINA ADSORBENT COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : RAJANI M. R. STUDENTS : ABHILASH K. U. SHRUTHI B. S. SHRISHA C. N. Rapid growth of industrialization and urbanization with new technological advancements have been contaminating the existing water resources by discharging organics, colored dyes, heavy metals, and non metals etc.these effluents are not only st Series : SPP : KSCST :

37 objectionable for the presence of pollutants in higher concentrations but also harmful for the aquatic lives. Among the physico-chemical treatment processes adsorption is found to be highly effective, cheap and easy method. Activated carbon has been used as a standard adsorbent for reclamation of municipal and industrial wastes for portable use for almost three decades. The high cost of activated carbon has inspired the investigators to search for a new and a more effective adsorbent. Alumina is one of the materials that can be used as an adsorbent. Objective To investigate the adsorption behavior of dyes from aqueous solution on activated alumina at different operating conditions and to determine the optimum adsorption of sorbents. The reagents for treatment that choose are markedly different from that are currently being used. Conclusion 1. It is observed that s the temperature increased the extent of adsorption decreased. At room temperature of 28.5º C the extent of adsorption was maximum. 2. The time required to reach equilibrium was found to be 2 hours. 3. The equilibrium data is best represented by freudlich isotherm. CIVIL 12. CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF BC SOIL OF BUDNI VILLAGE COLLEGE : B.L.D.E.A's. V. P. DR. P. G. HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF ENGG., AND TECH.,, BIJAPUR GUIDE : PROF. S G DOMNAL STUDENTS : TAUSIF A JAGIRDAR SRIDHAR S SAMPATH KUMAR B H MANIK M MODI Black Cotton (BC) Soil is a challenge to the field of civil engineering, due to the innumerable problems it poses during and even after construction. Many areas of Karnataka state contain BC soils and for the construction of roads, buildings etc., it is necessary to adopt suitable soil stabilization techniques. To select a proper soil stabilization method, it is necessary to study the characteristics of the soil. Objective To study the characteristics of Black Cotton soil of Budni village and to study the alternative techniques of soil stabilization using lime, fly ash and combination of both. The various methods of soil stabilization include i) Stabilization using cement or cementous materials like lime; ii) stabilization by drainage; iii) Electric Stabilization; iv) thermal stabilization; v) Stabilization by heating; vi) Stabilization by cooling; vii) bituminous Stabilization; viii) chemical Stabilization and ix) mechanical Stabilization. The choice of the method depends of the economic factors, soil conditions, purpose/ type of construction etc. In the present study, an attempt was made to find optimum lime content and optimum moisture content (OMC) corresponding to maximum dry density for different lime contents. For that, the soil samples (with admixtures viz. lime and fly ash) were tested for the index properties viz. water content; specific gravity; particle size distribution and consistency limits as well as engineering properties viz. shear strength; compressibility; permeability and CBR (California Bearing Ratio). Results and Conclusions The BC soil samples obtained from Budni village, reacted well with lime blends. Many of the engineering properties of the soil are enhanced by lime addition. The OMC increases with increase in lime content. CBR value of soil increased due to lime addition. Expansion ratio and differential swelling index decrease with increase in lime content. From the above it can be concluded that Soil stabilization by adding lime can be considered as an alternative treatment to the soils of Budni village. 13. VARIATION OF AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE BASED ON SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND FLAKINESS OF AGGREGATE COLLEGE : BASAVESHWARA COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : PROF. S H SANNI STUDENTS : AJAY J TIPPA AJAY D GOUDAR HARSHA A JADHAV JAGDISH D SULIBHAVI UMA NARAGUND 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

38 As part of National Highway Development program of the Govt. of India and similar programs of various state governments, massive roadwork, was takenup simultaneously across the country. This had created scarcity of materials mainly, coarse aggregates, forcing the contractors to compromise on material quality. Flaky and non-flaky materials were allowed to be mixed in certain portion, to satisfy the shape test values, but not the strength. Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Specific Gravity (SG) are two indirect parameters in determining the strength of aggregates. Objectives To determine the variation of AIV of aggregates for different Specific Gravity, flakiness, compaction factor and compressive strengths. Materials and The investigation was carried-out for aggregates of different Sp. Gr., flakiness etc. for a concrete mix of M20 grade. 43 grade cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates from 5 different quarries (viz. Almatti, Kolhar, Teggi, Mudhol and Huilgeri) and water were the basic constituents. Coarse aggregates of 100% flakiness (FL), 100% non-flaky non-elongative (NFNE) and 100% non-flaky and elongative (NFE) were used. Concrete with varying proportions of NFNE, NFE and FL aggregates was prepared. The fresh concrete samples were subjected to compaction factor test to determine the workability. The concrete was casted into 150 x 150 x 150mm moulds and cured for 7 days and 28 days period. After curing, the cubes were tested for compressive strength, AIV was computed and the results were tabulated. Results and Conclusions Aggregates of high specific gravity are found to be of more strength. The AIV was not related to the elongation and flakiness of the aggregate, but to the strength. Huilgeri aggregates are of higher AIV. The compressive strength of combination mix was more than that of the individuals. 14. UTILIZATION OF SUGAR MILL WASTE WATER FOR BIOGAS GENERATION USING HYBRID ANAEROBIC REACTOR COLLEGE : BASAVESHWARA COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : DR. C B SHIVAYOGIMATH STUDENTS : VINAY CHAKRASALI ARAVIND BHAT NAGARAJ M SAIBANNA HUNNUR With the growing population and increasing levels of urbanization and industrialization, the water is becoming a source and also getting polluted at a very rapid rate. To overcome these, the wastewaters from the industries shall be treated properly and maximum reuse/ recycling shall be practiced. These wastewaters can be either treated with aerobic process or anaerobic systems. Compared to the aerobic systems, anaerobic systems have become popular due to less energy consumption and ease of maintenance etc. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor is one such anaerobic system that treats effluents having high organic content. Hybrid UASB (HUASB) is an improvisation over the conventional UASB that can be used for a wide variety of effluents. Objectives Generation of Biogas from Sugar Mill Wastewater using HUASB. Experimental Setup A model HUASB made of 5mm acrylic sheet, having a dia of 100mm and height of 1.3m used. It was provided with necessary pumps, inlet/ outlet arrangements etc. for the feed, gas and sludge removal. Polypropylene rings were filled in the packing zone. All openings were sealed air tight to maintain anaerobic conditions. After completing leakage test and rectification of leaks, the reactor was filled with 1.7 ltr of active septic tank sludge. The sugar mill wastewater (of known COD) diluted to 1 ltr was fed from the bottom of the reactor. The studies were done at room temperature and ph was maintained at COD:N:P ratio was maintained at 350:5:1. The reactor was operated for different Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR) with COD ranging from ppm. HRT was maintained at 48 hours for 35 days, 24 hours for 4 days and 12 hours for remaining period. Samples were drawn daily and tested for ph, COD, biogas production, its methane content, volatile fatty acids, alkalinity, total Kjeldahl Nitrogen etc. and the results were tabulated. Results and Conclusions The granulation of seed and substrate achieved in 60 days. Maximum COD removal efficiency was 85% for an OLR of 8 kg COD/m 3 d and HRT of 24 Hours. Biogas of 7.25 Ltr/d was produced with 60-70% methane content, which can be captured as byproduct for energy generation. PP rings proved as effective packing media st Series : SPP : KSCST :

39 15. LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF MASONRY VAULTS EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON SCALED MASONRY Process of Manufacture of SMB COLLEGE : B.M.S COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. S.RAGHUNATH STUDENTS : ASHWINI HAMSAVENI M MAMATHA C MAMATHA M MANJUNATH S N Masonry vaults, as a roofing element has been used in practice since hundreds of years, are as architecturally pleasing, structurally efficient and are also a low energy alternative to the conventional RC roofing system. Masonry vaults are being constructed at many places using soil-cement blocks. There are a variety of vaults that can be classified based on (a) geometry (size and shape), (b) method of construction and (c) type of supporting system. Estimating the load carrying capacity and understanding the failure patterns of masonry vaults is extremely complex and hence one has to resort to experimental techniques. In this project an attempt has been made to estimate the load carrying capacity and study the failure patterns of geometrically scaled vaults. Objectives To understand the construction process of masonry vaults. To study the failure/crack patterns and load carrying capacity of masonry vaults. Theoretical stress analysis (Finite Element Analysis) and comparison with experimental results. A. Construction and testing of masonry vault A 1:4 scaled masonry vaulted roof model was constructed and gradually load it till failure. This was constructed beneath a loading frame and was loaded by hydraulic jacks and the load vs. deflection was monitored. The scaled models were constructed using geometrically scaled soil-cement blocks using a mould specially made for this purpose. The size of the scaled brick is 115mm (length) 75mm (breadth) 50mm (thickness). Construction of Ring Beam, Gable Wall, Vault and the Testing of the masonry vault. The strength and elastic properties of the masonry were obtained by testing the blocks and prisms. These values were used in the Finite Element Analysis to carry out the stress analysis. B. Construction and testing of composite vault Construction of Composite vault is same as that of masonry vault but Shear keys of 3mm diameter galvanized iron wires were provided at 300mm c/c spacing and tested. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

40 3. The crack patterns of the composite vault were similar to that, observed in the un-reinforced vault; however no brittle mode of failure of vault was noticed. 4. The failure of composite vault was due to failure of the tie beam underneath the gable wall. 5. The failure of the tie beam and the wall below it indicates the tension developed in the tie beam, which exceeded the design strength, for the test carried out on composite vault. Provision of shear keys and chicken mesh placed over the vault Testing of Composite Vault 6. Based on the linear FE analysis it can be concluded that there is a fairly good comparison of the stress contours which give an indication of the crack patterns. Scope for further studies The experimental investigation can be extended to fullscale models with various parameters such as span, rise, thickness etc. The study can be extended to masonry domes as well. 40 Crack pattern in masonry vault Crack pattern of Composite Vault and Failure of Ring Beam Based on the investigation on the un-reinforced masonry vault and the masonry vault with ferrocement shell the following are the broad set of conclusions: 1. It is possible to construct a masonry vault using a pair of templates and hence form work is not necessary. 2. The load carrying capacity of the composite vault was three times that of the un-reinforced vault. 16. STUDIES ON RAT TRAP BOND MASONRY USING STABILIZED MUD BLOCKS COLLEGE : B. M. S. COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDES : PROF. SAKEY SHAMU MR. BISWARUP SAIKIA STUDENTS : SRI RAJSHEKAR N RAVINDRA CHARANA Rat-trap bond in a masonry is a bond in which the stretchers and headers are laid on their sides, with the base of the stretcher facing outwards. This gives a wall with an internal cavity bridged by the headers, hence the name. The main advantage of this bond is economy in use of bricks, giving a wall of one brick thickness with fewer bricks than a solid bond. Rat-trap bond was in common usage in England for building houses of fewer than three stories up to the turn of the 20th century and is today still used in India as an economical bond, as well for the insulation properties offered by the air cavity. Objectives Load carrying capacity of rat-trap bond masonry and compare it with the stretcher bond masonry constructed using stabilized mud blocks Efficiency of rat-trap bond masonry and header bond masonry with stabilized mud block 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

41 Savings on materials for rat trap bond masonry when compared to header bond masonry. In order to achieve the above objectives the following methodology was adopted: a) The following material characteristics were done. i) Tests on cement, sand and stabilized mud blocks ii) Determination of water cement ratio in cement mortar by flow table tests iii) Determination of cement mortar cube strength. b) Tests on masonry wallette: A total of eight numbers of wallettes were cast using stabilized mud blocks. Four of the wallettes were with rat trap bond and the remaining four were with header bond. The dimensions of the wallettes with rat trap bond were 835mm (Height) x 230mm (Thickness) x 1020 mm (Length) and that of header bond masonry wallettes were 783mm (Height) x 230mm (Thickness) x 1000mm (Length). Tests on wallettes were carried out at the loading frame having a capacity of 2000kN. At failure, the ultimate load was recorded and the compressive stress was computed. Efficiency of header bond masonry and rat trap bond masonry were calculated and compared. Results and Conclusions Results obtained from the tests were carried out on four numbers of rat trap bond masonry wallette and four numbers of header bond masonry wallettes. The conclusions are as follows: a) The load carrying capacity of rat trap bond masonry was found to be slightly higher than the header bond masonry constructed with same type of materials and of same wallette thickness, that is, 230mm. b) For header bond masonry, height to thickness ratio for the stabilized mud block of size 230 mm x 190mm x 100mm is 0.526, whereas for the same block in rat trap bond the height to thickness ratio is c) The aspect ratio is significantly more for the rat trap bond masonry when compared to header bond masonry. d) The average failure stress for four number of header bond masonry wallette is 1.60 MPa whereas, the average failure stress for four number of rat trap bond masonry wallette is 1.75 MPa The percentage increase of load carrying capacity of rat trap bond masonry with respect to header bond masonry was found to be 9.37%. e) Efficiency of the header bond masonry. f) Efficiency of the rat trap bond masonry. g) Saving of 45% of mortar in rat trap bond when compared to header bond. Scope for future work Further investigations needs to be carried out by constructing more number of wallettes and full scale walls for different combinations of SMB and mortars in arriving at more realistic conclusions. 17. EFFECT OF AGEING IN VARIOUS BITUMINOUS MIX COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : B.V. KIRAN KUMAR STUDENTS : HAPSON ERROL D SOUZA SHREYANSH.M.CHOUGULE THIRUMALESH.V.M VIKRAM.B.BALLARI Plate-1 Test setup of stabilized mud block wallette Oxidation characteristics of bitumen has influence the performance of bituminous mixes in the field.studies conducted in the field have been time consuming and delayed due to slow process of oxidation of binder used in road construction. Hence there is a need to understand the behavior of various Bituminous 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

42 Binders, against ageing or oxidation. The project is aimed at ageing characteristics of Bituminous Binder mixture at laboratory. By doing so one can understand the performance of bituminous binder against ageing characteristics. Objectives To determine the effect of Short term ageing on Bituminous mix. To conduct studies on long term ageing of Bituminous Binder using ultraviolet oven. To determine the performance of Bituminous mix with respect to permanent deformation after ageing. 1. Short term aging characteristics of bituminous binder were tested using thin film oven test. 2. Long term ageing effect were tested by using ultra violet oven to under stand the behavior of binder with respect to oxidation. 3. Three different binder PMB40, PMB70 and WPMP were used for testing. Conclusion 1. Optimum Binder Content was found out to be 4.75% for PMB, 4.6% for WPMB and 4.55% for PMB-40 Bitumen by weight of the aggregate for bituminous mix. 2. All three binders showed an decrease in trend in terms of stability and flow value of bituminous mix. PMB -70 showed a decrease of 13.18%, PMB 40 showed a decrease of %,WPMB showed a increase of 10% over a time period of 72 hrs for stability value. 3. In case of PMB-70, PMB-40 it was observed that bottom and top portion of binder in separation tube show little variation in test results. This is because binders PMB-70, PMB-40 manufactured in refineries at controlled environment and modifiers used are spread uniformly across the binder. WPMB showed irregular variation in sample. 4. It is observed that values of binders after ageing for 72 hrs is well within limits of specification specified by IS and IRC ( deg ). 5. Since WPMB in not a refinery product the binder is produced by blending the waste 42 plastic, the stability and flow values of the mix are not consistent with ageing. 18. STUDIES ON SLEEVED COMPOSITE COLUMNS CONFINED WITH FRP AND GFRP FOR SEISMIC RESISTANCE COLLEGE : GHOUSIA COLLEGE OF, RAMANAGARAM GUIDE : DR.N.S.KUMAR STUDENTS : MD. IRSHAD ALAM SHAKIL AHAMAD IRSHAD ALI IFTEKHAR AHAMAD BAIG Columns occupy a vital place in the structural system. Weakness or failure of a column destabilizes the entire structure. Strength & ductility of steel columns need to be ensured through adequate strengthening, repair & rehabilitation techniques to maintain adequate structural performance. Recently, composite column are finding a lot of usage for seismic resistance. Fibre Reinforced polymer (FRP) is an innovative material for strengthening. FRP wrapped columns exhibit higher strength and improved ductility. GFRP confinement provided in potential plastic hinge region lead to significant improvement in both strength and displacement ductility. Concrete-filled steel tubular columns have many excellent structural properties, such as high compressive strength, large ductility and large energy absorption capacity. The strength of steel and concrete for building structures is getting higher with the development of new materials. The cross-section with high strength materials becomes smaller, and consequently a column becomes more slender. The design of a column considering buckling and Pδ effect becomes more important in such situation. Objectives To understand the behaviour of composite steel columns with GFRP wrapped To find Energy absorbing capacity To determine Load carrying capacity To study the effect of Effective length to diameter To know the Ultimate strength increase for all the above types of specimen. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

43 Seismic performance is also studied in term of energy absorption demand. 60 specimen were cut from commercial available tubes with end faces of each specimen carefully machined for complete bearing with hinged plates in the UTM. Tests were carried on 1. Conventional core steel column (10) -with & without GFRP wrapped 2. Sleeved steel column (10) -with & without GFRP wrapped 3. Concrete filled sleeved composite columns (40) -with & without GFRP wrapped 4. Concrete soil filled conventional columns (40) -with & without GFRP wrapped All the columns were subjected to compressive loads in UTM (400 KN) until they buckle maximum & readings were be noted. Failures were observed using deformation dial gauge. In addition, for all sleeved columns, sleeved composite columns filled with cement concrete and soil-cement mix in different configurations were also considered to observe the failure modes & load carrying capacity Conclusions The load carrying capacity of GFRP-wrapped columns are always higher than that of without GFRP-wrapped columns. The GFRP-wrapped column is able to absorb more energy before it fails as compare to the column without GFRP-wrapped. And hence due to GFRP-wrapping of column, the energy absorption capacity is improved.. The space occupied by GFRP-wrapped columns is not more than that of conventional steel sleeved columns. Level of axial load has significant role on ductility of columns. Higher axial forces axial forces degrade overall response and increases demands of GFRP jackets and hence a large number of GFRP layers required for the columns subjected to higher axial force. improvement in strain capacity is more pronounced than that in strength. The main disadvantage of GFRP-wrapped system is that of the cost, i.e. the rate of GFRP sheet per sq.mt is around Rs one thousand. Scope For Further Research Optimum use of GFRP-wrapped core steel column and its influence on Ductility of the sleeved column systems. As there is an uncertainty about the order of occurrence of local buckling of steel tube and crushing of concrete core/gfrp-wrapped core the mechanism of local buckling has to be studied further. Fatigue behavior needs to be investigated in order to use this kind of columns in buildings subjected to seismic forces. It is essential to evaluate Static, Dynamic and Fire performance of full-scale moment resistant frames with GFRP-wrapped/ concrete/ soil-cement encased steel sleeved columns. 19. AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF RATIO OF DIFFERENT SIZED COARSE AGGREGATES ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF SELFCOMPACTING CONCRETE COLLEGE : GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : BHARATHI GANESH STUDENTS : PUNITH JAIN SHIVRAJKUMAR R SNEHA B PYATI TEJUS L B Recognizing the lack of uniformity and complete compaction of concrete by vibration, Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) was developed, which doesn t need complete vibration. SCC is made of normal concrete materials by way of adding chemical and mineral admixtures. Usually, High Range Water Reducing Admixture (HRWRA) and Viscosity Modifying Admixture (VMA)s are added in preparation of SCC. At times, mineral admixtures are used as an extra fine material, besides cement, and in some cases, they replace cement, partially. Application of GFRP confinement contributed to the increase in compressive strength as well as ultimate strain levels in the specimens. The SCC can be made in the following three ways: Powder type SCC made using powder content 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

44 VMA type SCC made using VMA admixture Combined type SCC made using powder content and also VMA admixture Objective To evaluate the effect of ratio of different sized coarse aggregates on the compressive strength of SCC. The study involves obtaining the design mix of Powder type SCC, with cementous content (70% cement + 30% pulverized fly ash), for five different ratios of coarse aggregates of 20mm and 6.3mm, by keeping all other parameters constant, without the use of VMA. Required dosage of superplasticizer was added to satisfy the rheological properties of SCC. The ratios of 20mm: 6.3mm coarse aggregates, chosen for the study are I) 40:60; ii) 45:55; iii) 50:50; iv) 55:45 and v) 60:40. In addition, two samples one each of 6.3mm coarse aggregates alone and the other with 20mm coarse aggregates alone, were also tested. Three (03) cubes for each mix for a curing period of 3 days; 7 days; 28 days and 56 days were tested (total 84 cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm size), were subjected to compressive strength test and the results were compared. Results and Conclusions The mix with ratio of 45:55 of 20mm: 6.3mm coarse aggregates resulted in highest compressive strength at 3 days; 7 days; 28 days and even at 56 days of curing period and proved to be the most suitable ratio of the coarse aggregate, for the selected cementous content, water binder ratio etc. 20. STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE USING WASTE RUBBER TYRE AND WASTE COILED FIBERS COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. K RAVI STUDENTS : AJAY R HULJI MANGESH A JADHAV SACHIN S JADHAV SANAM J PAWAR Concrete, the major construction material worldwide has poor tensile properties. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) has better tensile characteristics compared to normal concrete. Different types of fibers are used in FRCs, but a combination of two or more different types of fibers are used to produce hybrid FRC. The fibers generally include metal fibers (steel fibers, GI fibers, carbon fibers etc.); polymeric fibers (armid, nylon, polyster and polypropylene etc.) and naturally occurring fibers (bamboo thread fibers, coconut hair fibers, jute fibers, horse hair etc.). Different fiber materials have distinguished properties that enhance the behaviour of concrete. Two types of hybrid FRC are possible. In the former, fibers of the same material but of different sizes will be used to attain the desired strength and stiffness. In the latter, fibers of same length but with different modulus of elasticity are used to attain high toughness. To make use of the waste materials like lathe waste and waste tires etc. an effort is made to study the behaviour of hybrid FRC using waste rubber tire and waste coiled fibers. Objectives To study and compare the characteristics of hybrid FRC made of waste rubber tires and waste coiled fibers. Materials and methodology The materials used include 43 grade Portland cement; fine aggregate of specific gravity 2.56, uniformity coeff of 2.51 and fineness modulus of 3.13; 12mm coarse aggregate of specific gravity 2.75, uniformity coeff of 1.2 and fineness modulus of 6.93; superplasticizer to improve the workability of concrete; water and fibers of waste coil turnings from lathe machines and fibers from waste rubber tires. The aspect ratio of fibers was maintained as 40. M-20 grade concrete mix was used for the present study. Cement, sand and coarse aggregates were mixed in dry state. Then required quantity of mono fibers and hybrid fibers was added. Superplasticizer was added to improve the workability. Then water was added and mixed thoroughly. The concrete was poured into moulds, thoroughly compacted and the top surface was finished with a trovel. Moulds were removed after 24 hours and the samples were kept for 28 days for curing. After curing, the specimens were tested for compression test, flexural tests, impact test and tensile strength. The test results were tabulated. Results and Conclusions The hybrid FRC made of waste coil fibers and waste rubber fibers has better strength than mono fiber FRC. Remarkable improvements can be obtained in tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength with hybrid FRC made of above materials. Also, these are st Series : SPP : KSCST :

45 very economical due to the low price of the fiber materials. 21. FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AND COCKTAIL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AS REPAIR MATERIALS COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDES : PROF. B. V. CHINIWALKAR DR. K. B. PRAKASH STUDENTS : KISHORE S. MELVANKI NAVEEN M. KALUTI BASAVARAJ N. HONNAVAR PRACHI S. KULKARNI POOJA P. M. The technology of fiber reinforced concrete can be traced back to antiquity when straw was used to make bricks. In the past 20 years, there has been a renewed interest in the science and application of fiber reinforced cements. The organic and inorganic fibres can be advantageously used in concrete. In recent years, intensive research has resulted in advances and innovation in the technology of fibers such as polypropylene, galvanized iron, steel, etc., and more basic knowledge has been gained on the behaviour of cement concrete containing these fibers. There have been fast impovements and discoveries in concrete technology. The various new products of it are fibre reinforced concrete, hybrid fibre reinforced concrete, fibrous-ferro cement systems, polymer concrete, vacuum concrete, gap graded concrete etc., are few to mention among them. Objectives To findout the suitability of fibre reinforced concrete and cocktail fibre reinforced concrete (hybrid fibre reinforced concrete) as a repair material for beams and columns. In the experimentation, the moni-fibres used are steel fibres (SF), galvanized iron ribre (GIF), waste coiled steel fibre (WCSF), waste plastic fibre (WPF) and polypropylene fibre (PPF). The hybrid fibre combinations used in the experimentation are (SF+GIF), (SF+WCSF), (SF + PPF). 43 grade OPC was used which complies with IS Locally available sand and coarse aggregates were used. Specific gravity of sand was found to be 2.65 and was zone II sand as per IS Specific gravity of coarse aggregates was found to be The coarse aggregates used were 12 mm and down size. Steel fibres used in experimentation were of 60 mm length and 1 mm thickness with corrugated shape, thus giving as aspect ratio of 60. Steel fibres were added by volume fraction. Density of steel fibres was found to be N/m 3. Polypropylene fibres used in the experimentation were having a length of 16mm and density of 9100 N/m 3. Averge thickness of polypropylene fibres was found to be 7.5 micron, leading to aspect ratio of Young s modulus of polypropylene fibres was found to be 5 x 10 3 MPa GI fibres were obtained by cutting GI wires having a density of N/m 3. GI wires were having a diameter of 1 mm. The length of GI fibre cut was 40 mm, which leads to an aspect ratio of 40. Waste coiled steel fibres were obtained from a local lathe machine shop having an average thickness of 0.5 mm and length of 40 mm, which leads to an aspect ratio of 80. The cement sand and aggregates were weighed according to mix proportion 1 : 1.52 : 2.85 which corresponds to M20 grade of concrete. The size of beam cast were 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm and the size of the column was 100 mm x 100 mm x 500 mm. After 28 days of curing the beam specimens and columns were taken out of curing tank and they were surface dried. The surface of beams and columns were lightly hatched with chisel and hammer. Before hatching, the beams were subjected to a two point loading. 10% of the failure load for the beam was applied and cracks were initiated. Similarly columns were also applied with 10% of failure load to initiate the cracks. Concrete mix with mono fibre or hybrid fibres was prepared as per the requirement. For monofibre concrete mix, the percentage of fibres used was 1% (by volume fraction). For hybrid fibre concrete mix the percentage of fibres used was (0.5% + 0.5% by volume fraction). Now the hatched beams and hatched columns were kept in a wooden mould of size 120 mm x 120 mm x 520 mm. The moni-fibre concrete mix or hybrid fibre concrete mix was poured into the remaining annular space of the framework, thus giving a coat of mono-fibre concrete or hybrid fibre reinforced concrete. After 28 days of curing the beam specimens were tested on UTM of capacity 1000 kn. They were tested with two point loading as per IS516 : The failure load was obtained and the flexural 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

46 strength was calculated for all the repaired beams using mono-fibre reinforced concrete and hybrid fibre reinforced concrete. The columns were also tested on UTM of capacity 1000 kn. The failure load was noted down and compressive strength was calculated for the repaired columns. Results and discussions 1. It is observed that the flexural strength of repaired beams by different fibre reinforced concrete using different moni-fibres such as steel fibres, waste coiled steel fibres, wste plastic fibres, polypropylene fibres, are higher that of the beam repaired by plain concrete. 2. The flexural strength of repaired beams can be enhanced using mono-fibre reinforced concrete. 3. The flexural strength of repaired beams by using different hybrid fibres such as (SF+GIF), (SF+WCSF), (SF +WPF), (SF+PPF) are higher that of the beam repaired by plain concrete. 4. The flexural strength of repaired beams can be enhanced using hybrid-fibre reinforced concrete. 5. The compressive strength of repaired columns by different fibre reinforced concrete using different moni-fibres such as steel fibres, waste coiled steel fibres, waste plastic fibres, polypropylene fibres are higher that of the column repaired by plain concrete. With the fast depletion of precious natural resources, there is an urgent need to search for alternative building materials. Natural sand is being consumed by the building industries at such a rate that days are not far off before natural sand may have to be declared an endangered resource. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate the utility of Iron Ore Tailings for partial replacement of sand. The iron ore tailing which is collected as a waste in KUDUREMUKHA is brought to the laboratory for investigation. Objectives To check the suitability of Kudremukh Iron Ore tailings as an alternative fine aggregate for cement mortar / concrete. The basic tests like sieve analysis, specific gravity, bulk density, bulking were conducted. Suitability of iron ore tailings as alternative fine aggregate is tested through n experimental program. The compressive strength of cement mortar prepared with iron ore tailing in different proportions of total fine aggregate is tested for three water cement ratios. 6. The compressive strength of repaired columns can be enhanced using mono-fibre reinforced concrete. 7. The compressive strength of repaired columns by using different hybrid fibres such as (SF+GIF), (SF+WCSF), (SF +WPF), (SF+PPF) are higher than that of the columns repaired by plain concrete. 8. The compressive strength of repaired columns can be enhanced using hybrid-fibre reinforced concrete. Vibration machine and Cement mortar mould 22. UTILIZATION OF IRON ORE TAILINGS AS ALTERNATIVE FINE AGGREGATE COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : DR.K.MANJUNATH STUDENTS : BHAVYA M.S. JAYANTA.S. NITHIN A. PARMAR MANASA.B. Cement mortar cube after curing View of porous surface with large replacement of sand st Series : SPP : KSCST :

47 Other properties of concrete like flexural strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus need to be established. 23. STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF COMPOSITE COLUMN Mortar cube kept for Typical failure of specimen compression testing under compression. Conclusions It is observed that the compressive strength of cement mortar increases with the addition of iron ore tailing up to 50% replacement of sand, beyond which there is a reduction of compressive strength. The reason for the improvement in the compressive strength may be attributed to the fact that the iron ore tailing being finer than the sand particles occupy the voids between the sand particles and hence contribute to a better interfacial bond. Iron ore tailing can be recommended for utilization as an alternative fine aggregate for both mortar and concrete. Though the finer size of iron ore tailing may pose problems in handling and also induce additional shrinkage of concrete, extra care has to be taken for proper curing of concrete. The replacement of natural sand by iron ore tailing will certainly go a long way in saving precious natural resources. compressive strength in N/mm C ompressive Strength 100% 80% 60% 50% 40% per centage of sand Strength Scope for future work A combination of quarry dust and iron ore tailing can be tried as an alternative fine aggregate. COLLEGE : NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF, MYSORE GUIDES : DR. G RAVI DR. G S SURESH STUDENTS : HARISH M SUBRAMANYAM R TEENA D SILVA VADIRAJA Columns are the vertical members of any framed structure, which are designated to carry compressive loads. These columns can be of different materials like masonry, RCC, timber, steel, composite columns, clay block composite columns etc. Composite columns are maedup of more than one material, which are designed to carry complex loading conditions. In these, one material counters the drawbacks of another material. Various types of composite columns are being designed and the present study involves terracotta blocks filled with cement concrete and reinforced with steel in their hollow spaces. Objectives To study the behaviour of terracotta composite column Materials & Terracotta hollow blocks of size 145mm x 175mm x 350mm with hole size of 50 x 30mm; 53 grade cement; 12.5mm downsize coarse aggregates; sand; TMT bars of 10, 12 & 16mm dia and water. 1: 1½:3 concrete mix was used with varying amounts of reinforcement. Specimens of rectangular cross section of 145mm x 175mm and a height of 1.16mm were casted. The samples were divided into 5 groups based on their reinforcement. Total of 26 specimens were casted and tested for 28 days strength. The terracotta blocks were soaked in water for 24 hours. After that they were bonded with 1:3 cement mortar, and left undisturbed for 24 hours. The bonded specimens were filled and compacted with 1: 1½:3 concrete and 4 steel bars of Fe415 at 4 corners with an effective cover of 40mm at the top and at the bottom. To improve the bearing strength of the specimen, they were covered with 40mm thick 1:1:2 concrete mix at the top and bottom. Allowed to cure for 28 days and tested. Results & Conclusions The load carrying capacity of the terracotta composite column specimens is 50% less than the theoretical 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

48 computation. The testing of RCC column of the same size had equal axial load to that of the composite column. Reinforced terracotta composite columns are economical, speedy in construction and acceptable in engineering works. 24. STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL USING BIO- ENZYMES FOR PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION COLLEGE GUIDES : N.M.A.M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE : DR.N.BHAVANISHANKAR MR.IR.MITHANTHAYA STUDENTS : SHWETHA PRABHU P AARATHI.R SUMANTH SHETTY SUKETH SHETTY Subgrade and sub-base are major components of the pavement. The subgrade soil and its properties are important in pavement design. The main function of subgrade is to give adequate support to pavement and for this subgrade should possess sufficient stability. Soil stabilization is the process of treating the soil in such a manner as to alter or improve the performance of the soil as a construction material. Soil improvement by mechanical or chemical means is widely adopted. Recent enzymes have emerged as a new technique for soil stabilization. Objectives The objects of this study were: To study the variation of constitancy limit of soil treated with enzyme. To study the variation of unconfined compression strength To study the variation of CBR value. To get the optimum dosage of enzyme. To assess the suitability of Bio-Enzyme as soil stabilizer, laboratory tests were done to determine the engineering properties and strength characteristics of black cotton soil with and without stabilization with bio-enzyme. The black cotton soils samples were tested for engineering properties and for strength parameters such as CBR and unconfined compressive strength without and with stabilization using a bio-enzyme named TerraZyme. The following tests were conducted in laboratory. 1. Specific gravity test 2. Grain size analysis. 3. Atterberg limits 4. Compaction test 5. CBR test 6. Unconfined compression test. Conclusions 1. The consistency Limits tests conducted for treated and untreated black cotton soil indicates improvement in Plasticity Index. 2. The light and heavy compaction tests show the improvement in MDD value with decrease in OMC. From untreated to treated soil with 4% enzyme the increase in the MDD value is from 1.74 g/cm 3 to 1.85 g/cm Based on MDD value obtained from heavy compaction test, the UCC test conducted and the results indicates that there is 80% increase in the unconfined compressive strength. 4. The CBR test results shows small improvement in CBR value for unsoaked condition. Scope For Future Work 1. The result shows that there is improvement in the properties of black cotton soil when treated with 1, 2, 3 and 4%. The experiment is to be extended to find the optimum dosage of enzyme. 2. Blending of BC soil with coarse material like coarse sand and treating with enzyme may improve the CBR and the UCC value. 3. The improvement in the geotechnical properties of enzyme treated soil is to be tested by increasing its curing period. 25. MODERNIZATION OF HUBLI AIRPORT COLLEGE : SDM COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD GUIDE : PROF. K.V.PRAMOD STUDENTS : AIZAZ KHAN GAVISIDDESH.S.MAJJAGI PRAVEEN RAJPUT SHREEPAD.S.NARAYANKAR The transportation is the backbone of any developing country like India, & hence, Airport st Series : SPP : KSCST :

49 construction and maintenance becomes a subject of vital importance. Aerodrome standards will change from time to time to meet identified safety needs, technological changes and changes in international standards and practices. Hubli Airport is the airport currently serving the twin cities of Hubli-Dharwad.It is planned to expand the current airport into an all-weather airport. An Rs 195-crore proposal was submitted recently for land acquisition for the airport. It is proposed to acquire 650 acres (2.6 km²) of surrounding land. 530 acres (2.1 km²) of 650 acres (2.6 km²) is agricultural land. Objectives The present study is done for improving the existing class of Hubli Airport. The main objectives being improving the geometrics of airport and modernizing using ICAO and FAA Standards. a) Analysis of Wind Data and temperature of past 17 years. By drawing the wind rose diagrams, both type1 & type2, we got the best orientation in the direction of ENE-WSW. b) Analysis of Contour map of Hubli Airport. On applying the corrections for elevation (662 m), temperature (31.07ºC) and gradient (0.53 % < 1 %).the total runway length is around 2900 meters Plan of Exit Taxiway For the Design of Apron, considered the following Aircrafts, ATR-72 (2 Nos), AIRBUS A-320 (2 Nos) Here the Apron is provided with Frontal Aircraft parking system. With the provision of RIGID PAVEMENT for the Apron. TAXIWAY Wind Rose Diagram Type-1 APRON c) Analysis of the Soil Sample collected at the Hubli Airport. BITUMINOUS CONCRETE LAYER 7.5 Cms thick GRADED GRAVEL CBR=40% UNGRADED GRAVEL CBR=17% Wind Rose Diagram Type-2 SOIL SUB GRADE Cross section of the Runway Pavement For Hubli Airport (a class-b airport) a new Terminal Building area is proposed with built up area of around 1200 Sq M. with two floors. Visual Aids are provided to facilitate the night traveling facility, with Instrument Landing System to make the Hubli Airport a all weather Airport. Results and Conclusions The Total Runway Length is found to be around 2900 meters, which facilitates the landing for Airbus A st Series : SPP : KSCST :

50 Length of Exit taxiway is around 254 meters [to reduce the runway occupancy time in case of heavy traffic] Apron is designed with an area of around sq meters. [For parking of 4 aircrafts]. Runway pavement thickness is = 95 cms. [Design life will be between 10 to 15 years]. Terminal built up area is around 1200 sq meters. [Modern facilities are provided in order to satisfy all types of passengers and Air staffs]. Scope for future work Due to the increased demand for air travel the immediate upgradation and modernization of Hubli Airport has become inevitable and has been started. The upgradation is for receiving Airbus A320 and lengthening of runway, strengthening the runway structurally has been given prime importance. The Taxiways and Apron have been designed to receive Airbus A320 along with other smaller aircrafts with a provision of parking a total of 4 aircrafts on the apron, which includes 2 Airbus A320 and 2 ATR-72. The Terminal has been planned with modern facilities to meet up the demands of VIP travelers, so that Hubli Airport can be gradually further upgraded to International levels in the future. Instrument Landing Facility has also been incorporated in the design, so that the airport can function even in the night. 26. DETERMINATION OF CBR VALUE BY CORRELATION AND REGRESSION ANALYSIS COLLEGE : VIVEKANANDA COLLEGE OF & TECHNOLOGY, PUTTUR GUIDE : MR. ANAND V R. STUDENTS : MR. ANISH C. MR. DEEPAK M. MR. SACHITH PAI N. The present situation in India is such that the condition of road gets deteriorated at a much faster rate and therefore a wide approach was made by various researches to come out with the solution. The major cause was found to be the settlement of soil due to loose sub grade beneath. Therefore the determination of California Bearing Ratio value has got much importance in determining the stability of the soil. Aim of the Project This project basically focuses on the practical applications of a mathematical model in the field for a quick determination pf California bearing ratio (CBR). It includes a general numerical modeling after studying various soil types for 12 districts of Karnataka based on the percentage of quantities like Gravel, Sand, Silt/Clay, and their other physical properties like Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI) and Proctor Density for any kind of soil. The following tests were conducted to determine the CBR values Grain size analysis and particle size distribution Soil classification Compaction Atterberg limit The procedure during the course of this project comprises of collection of the database related to various soil physical properties determined by standard methods from Pradan Mantri Sadak Yojana for 12 districts of Karnataka, and designing a mathematical model to fit in to the characteristics of soil depending upon these values hence create a general mathematical equation which can receive various parameters (viz. LL, PL, PI, Density, percentage of soil particles) and thus give the value of CBR for that particular soil type of that district CBR is the main and major experiment, for the design of pavements like flexible or rigid. The conventional method of determination of CBR may take four to five days. It proves time consuming and uneconomical at present competitive field. The data is collected by PRADAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJAN for 12 districts of Karnataka. Tabulated all the data s in specified format such that it can easily understood to any one. A linear regression analysis is carried out on the data base collected from the tests to find the empirical relationship of such physical properties with the CBR value. By this, knowing the numerical physical properties of soils, the CBR value can be directly determined without the standard proctor needle test or any other method and only by mere substitution. Using SPSS Software analysed all the data s of individual district to get the final equation. Tabulated the data in specified manner and keeping CBR as dependent variable and other properties as independent variables The variation of CBR (4 days soaked) with different soil properties has been represented graphically and the co-efficient are determined to show their relationship. The model developed for 12 districts of st Series : SPP : KSCST :

51 Karnataka can be used for same areas directly for the soil studies. The data s have been obtained from PMGSY database and can be used for any other road construction work future. Conclusion For the purpose of determination of the CBR values based on various soil physical properties the data s regarding the particle size classification and volume variations with water content in different types of soils have been collected. A linear regression analysis is carried out on this database to find the empirical relationship of such physical properties with the CBR value which is represented by a linear model for specific districts. By this, knowing the numerical physical properties of the soil of the same area the CBR value can be directly determined without the standard proctor needle test or any other field method only by mere substitution. Scope for Future Work Established the graphical and mathematical models for individual soil parameters such as CBR v/s Gravel, CBR v/s Sand, CBR v/s Silt/Clay, CBR v/s Liquid Limit, CBR v/s Plastic Limit, CBR v/s Plasticity Index, CBR v/s Optimum moisture content, CBR v/s Dry Density. Establish graphical model for all the soil parameters. This extended model can be utilized to increase the CBR value for the design of pavements. Since the group has conducted the project for only 12 districts of Karnataka State, the project can be extended to other districts of the state and try to generalize the models for particular state and try to extend it country wide. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND 27. FIRE RESCUE APPLICATIONS IN RURAL AREAS USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS COLLEGE : ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. T.G. BASAVARAJU STUDENTS : AVISHEK ROY CHOWDHURY MIHEER MALHOTRA MRIGANKA SHEKHAR ROY Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR), a novel routing protocol for wireless datagram networks that uses the positions of routers and a packet s destination to make packet forwarding decisions. GPSR makes greedy forwarding decisions using only information about a router s immediate neighbors in the network topology. When a packet reaches a region where greedy forwarding is impossible, the algorithm recovers by routing around the perimeter of the region. Aim of the Project A mobile ad hoc network consists of wireless hosts that may move often. Movement of hosts results in a change in routes, requiring some mechanism for determining new routes. This survey suggests an approach to utilize GPSR to improve performance of routing protocols for ad hoc networks. Localization is a fundamental problem in wireless sensor networks. In this project, it consider how to trace individual nodes in a wireless sensor network. Networks (WSN) comprise of numerous tiny sensors that are deployed in spatially distributed terrain. These sensor nodes can form a network and data collected from one sensor node can be transferred to another node. Due to the low-cost of these nodes, the deployment can be in order of magnitude of thousands to million nodes. The nodes can be deployed either in random fashion or a pre-engineered way. This transfer of data from one node to another continues until the data reaches the final destination. The sensor nodes perform desired measurements, process the measured data and transmit it to a base station, commonly referred to as the sink node, over a wireless channel. The base station collects data from all the nodes, and analyzes this data to draw conclusions about the activity in the area of interest. Sinks can act as gateways to other networks, as a powerful data processor or as access points for human interface. They are often used to disseminate control information or to extract data from the network. Nodes in sensor networks have restricted storage, computational and energy resources; these restrictions place a limit on the types of deployable routing mechanisms. In this project, we present a routing protocol to prolong the life time of the network. Scope of the project A wireless sensor network consists of a number of sensors spreading across a geographical area to perform distributed sensing tasks using wireless medium. A wireless sensor network consists of lightweight, low power, small size of sensor nodes. In order to facilitate data transfer from a source node to a destination (sink) node, a routing protocol is needed to determine the possible routes. With a limited power 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

52 supply, sensor nodes are deployed densely and prone to failures. As a result, many traditional adhoc routing protocols may not be suitable for largescale, dense sensor networks. Recently, studies in routing protocols in sensor networks have become a very active and vital area of research. Sensor routing algorithms must be energy efficient, robust to failures, and secure against the compromised and malicious nodes to ensure correct data delivery. In general, the routing protocols can be classified into two categories based on the network structure: flat and geographical based routing. This project describes the GPRS routing protocol for sensor networks and we examine its characteristic and functionality. The advantages and drawbacks for such routing protocol are provided as well. The areas of applications of sensor networks vary from military, civil, healthcare, and environmental to commercial. Examples of application include forest fire detection, inventory control, energy management, surveillance and reconnaissance, and so on. GPSR will allow the building of networks that cannot scale using prior routing algorithms for wired and wireless networks. Such classes of networks include: Rooftop networks: fixed, dense deployment of vast numbers of nodes. Ad-hoc networks: mobile, varying density, no fixed infrastructure. Sensor networks: mobile, potentially great density, vast numbers of nodes, impoverished per-node resources. Vehicular networks: mobile, non-powerconstrained, widely varying density. CryptoMail service has all Security Measures by using login and password verifications. It also encrypts the messages so that security is maintained. Also, a new user can create his/her own account by registering himself (by filling the registration form containing all validations), and can change the password at any time. Unauthorized access is not possible and an intruder is unable to open a user s account without the username and password. Objectives This mail system is intended to send highly secure intra-circular mail that is of importance to an Organization or College. User is intended to register into the system giving details for a two level authentication scheme. First level (username, password) to login and a second level (secret key) to decrypt and view mail messages. The mail messages are encrypted (sender side) and decrypted (receiver side) using AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm 128 bit key. Encrypting keys may be different for different mail messages i.e. unique keys can be entered for each mail message. User has to enter his/her secret key to decrypt and view the mail messages. A secure key exchange and maintenance mechanism. Architectural Design 28. CRYPTO MAIL - SECURE SYSTEM USING ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD ALGORITHM (AES) COLLEGE : BANGALORE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : JYOTHI D. G. STUDENTS : CHETAN. SINDHE. R CHAITANYA. B. HOOLI ANUP DHARIA M BHARATH. G CLIENT 1 CLIENT 2 CLIENT 3 CLIENT N WEBLOGIC SERVER Oracle DB Compose Mail Send Mail Receive Mail Change Password Register Form Login Account Details Architectural Design CryptoMail service delivers the infrastructure for e- mail management applications. To implement an application through which it is easy to send or receive messages between client/server architecture, encryption-decryption of messages. KEY SHARING User registers to the system with a second level password (private key*) st Series : SPP : KSCST :

53 Sender enters a symmetric key# to encrypt the message. This symmetric key# is stored in an encoded form. Receiver enters his/her private key* to get the symmetric key# (decoded) for decryption. This symmetric key# is used to decrypt the message. The key entered by the sender to encrypt message is stored in a file named key.txt (with session id and the message id attached to file name eg.s13453anukey.txt) in an encrypted format (which is encrypted using AES algorithm with a 128 bit system generated key using JCE- javax.crypto). This key.txt file after creation is set only read permission. Thus both the key and the mail messages are secure from attacks. The recipient has to enter his/her secret key (given during registration) to view the key that was used to encrypt the mail message. He/She has to enter the viewed key to decrypt the message. Results and Conclusions The system has been tested for its capability requirements such as capacity, efficiency, speed and accuracy. The system has been demonstrated. The functionality of all the modules and the module level integration is found to be satisfactory. The important feature of the software includes userfriendly operations and efficient commanding operations. The powerful front-end tool used here is HTML. Enhancements The users can forward or receive messages only to the same working server and cannot forward mails to the other working server. Add chatting application on the lines of yahoo messenger which would enable real time communication. 29. VIRTUAL CLASSROOM: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF DISTRIBUTED REAL-TIME DOCUMENT SHARING AND VIEWING PROCESS COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : DR. U. V. WALI STUDENTS : AKHIL U. WALI BALACHANDRA K. KAMAT MEGHA B. HAROGOPP VINUTA D. AGHORE The notion of sharing a document in real-time over the internet is quite alluring. Considering a single process running on a host that allows the user to create a diagram, consisting mainly of geometrical shapes and strategically placed text. Several systems should be able to connect to this host and receive the data over the internet. There should be no limitation to the number of systems that can connect to the host. The receiver systems should further be able to transmit this data to other systems that connect to them. The software provides document sharing and instant messaging facilities using two separate sockets over the network, independent of the platform used. Also, any number of systems can connect to a host that is creating the document. The document can be saved on the user machine for future references. The application is developed using a socket based multi-server multi-client model. for development is exploratory. Software model used is evolutionary model. This software is designed in C# language on.net platform. To investigate the problem, various scenarios were considered. One of the scenarios was the classroom scenario. In this scenario, the users of the system are professors and students. Many students can connect to a Professor and receive notes. Students can send their queries to the Professor using the Instant Messaging facility. In order to support the hypothesis, two separate sockets are created; one for document sharing and other for Instant Messaging. Results and Conclusions A user can create a document using the clipboard provided by the software. The data is parsed into a series of strings and saved in a file. Whenever the user wants to send this data over the network to other users, he starts the server to which the other users have to connect. Then the data sharing takes place downstream. The users save this data on their local machines. They also receive updates to this document if any. The users communicate with each other if necessary using the Instant Messaging Facility. The VCNET software provides facilities for users to share the documents over the network in an efficient manner. This software does not add too much to the network traffic as the data is serialized and streamed over the network. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

54 30. MOBILE CONTROLLING ELECTRONIC DEVICES COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. SMITHA V. GEORGE STUDENTS : LAVANYA H. MANJULA K. SOWMYA B. K. ARCHANA N. This project demonstrates how to control the electronic devices like computer through the cellular phone. The user will not only be allowed to control the computer but also applications running on it. This can be achieved by using J2ME on the cellular phone which will send the instructions to the servlets at the server and then the servlets will pass on the instructions to the particular computer using Remote Method Invocation and once the instructions are executed, the remote machine will acknowledge the server about the successful completion of instructions and in turn the server will send a message to the cellular phone saying the given task has been completed successfully. The cellular phone will be connected to the server in the network, thus taking the control over all the computers in the network and handing it over to the user to his convenience. Objective This project aims at providing remote access and control of applications in a server. This product is helpful to those people, who intend to carry on their work even when outside the office. This project demonstrates how to control the electronic devices like computer through the cellular phone using J2ME. The user will not only be allowed to control the computer but also applications running on it. This application can be further extended to control any kind of electronic devices apart from the computer. The main technology that is used in this project for establishment of connectivity is the wireless network adapter. This is mainly needed to establish the connectivity. Conclusion This project will help the system administrators to control the application on the server remotely as if he is physically in front of it. This it provides an easy way for the users to interact with his server situated at a larger distance which in turn provides the feature of remotivity. This can be extended further in such a way that each and every part of the system is accessible, controllable and modifiable by small computing devices. The user feels as if he is physically in front of the server and which he / she tries to access. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 31. PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMISATION TECHNIQUE FOR ECONOMIC DISPATCH PROBLEMS COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : K. M. KAVITHA STUDENTS : MONIKA S. PUROHITH NAVYA SHREE C. S. NAZHATH BANU K. SANDHYA D. S. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm based technique is an improved method for solving the economic dispatch problem. The economic dispatch problem is solved by various traditional and non traditional techniques. The proposed algorithm is used to solve 10 unit IEEE test system and the results obtained are compared with Lambda Iteration method in terms of quality of solution and computational efficiency and the convergence performance. It is easily implemented in most programming languages and has proven both very effective and quick when applied to a diverse set of optimization problems. Objective To minimize the total fuel cost of the generators while satisfying the demand and other operational constraints. Advantages PSO based approach is considered as one of the most powerful methods for resolving the non-smooth global optimization problems. A derivative free technique. Generate high quality solutions with shorter calculation time and stable convergence characteristics st Series : SPP : KSCST :

55 Easy in its concept and coding implementation. Conclusion This project is to survey and summarize the applications of PSO to ED problems. This new strategy can adequately utilize the historical information in PSO algorithm. In addition to intensify the refined search ability in local region, local search procedure is employed and hybridized with PSO algorithm. The PSO algorithm model is proposed for solving economic load dispatch problem. The computational results verify its good performance in terms of solution quality, computational cost as well as convergence stability. 32. ENERGY AUDITING OF B.I.E.T CAMPUS, DAVANGERE COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF & TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : SIDDARAMESHWARA.H.N STUDENTS : HARSHITHA.A.R RAFEENA BEGUM.B.H RAJANI.A.H SHRUTI.V.JOSHI The Indian Power Sector is facing major challenges today with the introduction of Reforms and Globalization. Despite the planners attaching utmost importance to energy sector since beginning, energy and peak power shortages are not only continuing, but also further increasing. For efficient operation of a system both load and supply should operate at optimum level and losses should be minimum as well. So the need to conserve energy has now been universally acknowledged in order to save the scarce and fast depleting sources of energy. The demand for energy is increasing very fast in comparison to generation as it involves huge investment and long time to start a new generating station. Importance of energy audit as a means to achieve energy savings is brought forth by stressing the need for conducting Energy Audit.The proposed work presents the detailed Load Survey & Energy Auditing of B.I.E.T campus to find the possible energy saving opportunities and there by saving the energy to the extent possible. Objectives: How and where energy is being used or converted from one form to another. To identify the opportunities to reduce energy usage and losses. To evaluate the economics technical practicability of implementing these reductions. To formulate prioritized recommendations for implementing process improvements to save energy. Survey of facility and collection of data: The essential element of an accurate energy audit is data collection. Basic data concerning the overall energy consumption, its cost and production figures for a period of preceding three years were collected. These figures were compared to give a trend of energy consumption and its cost per unit production over the years. The pre-planning walk through the plant to identify major energy saving components for familiarizing the energy and material flow. It includes the study of old drawings available and benefits be installing new instruments. Data analysis: The existing record of energy consumption should be reviewed. The energy consumption and production figures available can be refined to an appropriate form. Identification of areas with higher potential of conservation: Identification of energy conserving opportunities which takes care of different probable ways by which energy consumption of or energy wastage can be minimized. During the study of energy conservation opportunities, some of the components or equipments as a whole may be replaced by more efficient one are noted. Determining standards and setting a target: To be able to monitor the energy consumption precisely, it requires standard against which it can be compared. Prioritization of the implementation plans: After satisfactory analysis of each energy conserving opportunities. The benefits are to be compared and the recommendations for adoption of energy conservation opportunity have to be made on priority basis. Energy audit report: The entire analysis has to be presented in the form of Energy Audit Report for practical implementation to achieve. Conclusion An earnest measures are to be implemented to mitigate the crisis. It should aim at all possible avenues for new sources and on the other hand it 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

56 should seriously adopt energy conservation measures. Energy Audit is an effective tool in pursuing energy management program. Energy Audit is considered as one of the comprehensive methods in checking the energy usage and wastage in buildings. Scope for future Work The authorities have to make it mandatory in some cases, for all the Industries & Organizations. With the introduction of Advanced Metering & Controlling equipments, a sophisticated system tool should be developed in this aspect to collect and process the data. 33. PIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED SERIAL DATA SIMULATOR COLLEGE : HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. B. R. UMARANE STUDENTS : CHETAN A. UGARE SHIVANAND C. KILLEDAR SURESH BABU.G RAJESHWARI S. D The radar altimeter interface has been recently included in the DFCP(Digital flight control processor) LAKSHYA-1D. The difference between the transmitted frequency &received frequency Is extracted to give the altitude information. This information goes to flight control computer which process & gives information to governor section the altimeter circuit of the DFCP is required to test at the ground level. The design &development of radar altimeter simulator which shall be used to test altimeter circuit of DFCP. The complete hardware is built around the microcontroller.ic16f877. Objectives The Radar Altimeter interface has been recently included in the DFCP (Digital Flight Control Processor) of LAKSHYA-1D. This document briefs the design and development of a Radar Altimeter Simulator, which shall be used to test the Altimeter circuitry in DFCP. The complete hardware is built around the micro controller IC PIC16F877. The applied 230V, 60hz power input is converted to 5V using the regulator HC7805. A 4 MHz crystal oscillator is used as the clock input to the micro controller. A RS422 driver 26LS31 is used to convert the Micro controller USART output to the required RS422 levels. A 5-digit thumb wheel switch is connected to PORTB of the controller. The altitude input setting is done with these switches. The Status information is set with the help of DIP Switch. The DIP Switches are connected to PORTC of the PIC controller. The micro controller reads the altitude and status setting and generates the corresponding digital code which is similar to that generated by the actual radar altimeter. Conclusion The Radar Altimeter Simulator has been used to functionally clear the Radar altimeter interface in the Digital Flight Control Processor (DFCP) of LAKSHYA- 1D in the box level as well as in the integration level. Scope for future work It is possible to implement in high level flight control. 34. SURVEY TO ASSESS THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION AND PERFORMANCE IN KARNATAKA - MESCOM REGION - MANNUGUDDA COLLEGE : ST. JOSEPH COLLEGE, VAMANJOOR, MANGALORE GUIDE : ROLAND D'COSTA STUDENTS : BETTINA LOYALLA D'SOUZA DAN PRAFUL SEQUEIRA EDDISON DEEPAK D'SOUZA LIONEL D'SOUZA Electricity is a vital resource for development. An efficient reliable and well organized power sector capable of delivering quality power along with quality service is a necessity for any progressive community. Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd., (KPTCL) is maily vested with the functions of transmission and distribution of power in the entire state of Karnataka. KPTCL purchases power from Karnataka Power Corporation Limited which generates and operates major power generating projects in the state consisting of Hydel, Thermal and other sources. KPTCL serves yearly 146 lakhs consumers of different categories spread all over the state covering an area of 1.92 lakhs sq. kms. to transmit and distribute power in the state, it operates nearly 684 sub stations, km. of transmission lines with a voltage of 33 kv and above, nearly kms of 11 kv lines, distribution transformers and kms of LT lines st Series : SPP : KSCST :

57 The four newly formed independent distribution companies which were registered in the year 2002 are BESCOM, MESCOM, HESCOM and GESCOM. They have started functioning. These companies are in charge of distribution of power within their jurisdiction. Objective To access electricity distribution service in the urban sector To access the status of good governance and performance in the distribution sector By Questionnaire survey of location with easy to use measurement indicators With Quantitative and Qualitative question covering basic management and governance issues. A survey is made to understand the extent to which the distribution company is able to address the concerns of the consumers. The data collection of the survey included a questionnaire format provided by KSCST, Bangalore which is classified under following points: Questionnaire about Electricity connection Quality of Sevice o Metering o Billing and bill payment o Service disruptions o Customer service o Maintenance and safety o Power savings and promotion of alternate technologies o Tariff setting process o Subsidies o Regulators and Regulatory issues o Presence of expert groups and community based organizations o Disclosure of information o Independent assessmens o Consumer Protection Law o Specialized programs for low income groups Survey related to substation o Coverage of the distribution network o Consumer profile o Power system under control o Maintenance and Monitoring o Human Resource Management (staff) o Connections process o Quality of service - Metering, billing, bill payment and service disruptions o Health and safety Conclusion To analyze the quality of electrical distribution in MESCOM region. This guide has been put together with the aim of increasing the awareness among civil society groups about the regulatory processes and how they can participate in it. The team also tried to provide detailed information about specific aspect of the process about transmission, distribution companies and offers some examples of interventions made by the citizens and civil society group within this process. During the survey it was observed that there was a need to spread knowledge amongst the consumers so that the consumers could directly interact with the MESCOM officials. 35. REAR ENTERTAINMENT DVD SYSTEMS IN CARS COLLEGE : EAST POINT COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : PREMANANDA B. S. STUDENTS : RAKESH C. R. SAGAR S. VINEED R. The aim of the project is to design a rear entertainment DVD system to be used in cars. This project describes how the next generation rear seat entertainment systems work and implements the basic part of it. The main difference is the presence of a soft-core processor embedded inside the FPGA unlike the present generation where in the processor is outside the FPGA. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

58 The project has four main entities namely the Altera DE2 board containing the Cyclone II FPGA, ADC TVP5150, I 2 C protocol and DAC along with the software tool Quartus II to develop the NIOS II softcore processor on the FPGA and to make it communicate with the ADC and DAC. In today s vehicles, electronics plays a major role. As many as electronics ICs are used in cars for the application like Engine control, Instrumentation cluster, Driver, Safety, Entertainment, etc. Entertainment is playing vital role and rear seat entertainment is a booming market. Every car having the rear seat LCD display. Hence this project is designed, FPGA based low cost rear seat entrtainment DVD systems. Low cost and flexible RSE can be embedded into any car. Altera FPGA with NIOS II softcore processor is used in this design. The processor is used to control the peripherals and for image processing purposes. The same design / concept is used for the rear zone visual system, Lane detection, precision parking etc. with very little peripheral devices. Conclusion The RSES was designed and a picture frame with resolution of 525 x 525 was obtained. It was found that the contrast, brightness and hue controlling capabilities were limited due to the low resolution ADC used in the application. Implementation of compression algorithms would have improved the quality of the picture as well as made a better use of the NIOS II processor which is now being used only as a basic processor for configuring and controlling the peripherals. A higher resolution preferably a 24 bit ADC which has a single dedicated processor for each of the three color codes (RGB) would have drastically improved the quality of the picture. 36. FAULT DETECTION AND AUTOMATION OF INDIAN RAILWAYS COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : PROF. D.BASAVALINGAPPA HALESHA.H.R STUDENTS : MADHAV P. V MADHUKESHWAR M. P MANOHAR U VINAY G.S The Project implements the Wireless technique and provides the easiest automation to the railway department. The history reveals two important works in this field viz., The Project is Wireless Signaling, means the Go- On [green light] and STOP [red light] signals are send through wireless technique to the arriving train. Due to smog, or cloudy weather or bad light or negligence of train operator, if the train did not stop at the signaling point, then it will be stopped automatically by deactivating the train engine. The IR ID System For Railways, which provides unique ID to each train. When both trains run on same track, the sensors fitted on the top of the both train engines senses that another train is coming on the same track. Then both trains exchange the information and immediately stop the engine to avoid the collision. Objectives GPS uses three satellites to find the location of locomotives. The GPS module measures the distances of it with respect to satellites and calculate its exact position in terms of angular position. This calculated position and feedback of the sensors are send to ground station periodically using GSM modem in the form of SMS. This Project intends to detect any malfunction in the locomotive and enables a remote user to monitor and control the locomotive over the GSM network An AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced via ADC to temperature sensor to retrieve the engine temperature. Similarly odometer sensor monitors the speed of the locomotive. This information is processed and sends to a GSM modem with AT commands and the trilaterated longitude and longitude value are also transmitted via this modem in sort message format st Series : SPP : KSCST :

59 The short message can be received on predefined GSM cellular phone. The module also monitors the status of the driver with the help of an interrupt switch and sends it via GSM modem. If the base station operator detects any inaccuracy he can rectify the same by sending specified short message. Conclusion Using GPS, from which it get the exact location and through GSM and get instant messages to the mobile, so that it can monitor the train. Data like temperature and speed are both sent to the receiver. Future Work Complete automation using satellite. It can be implemented in unmanned aircrafts. Accidents can be avoided by using two way communications. 37. WIRELESS AUTOMATED DIGITAL ENERGY METER COLLEGE : JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BANGALORE GUIDE : JYOTHI PRAKASH K V STUDENTS : ANANTH N. BHARATH P. VIJETHA S. Generating the bill for the power consumed by each customer is a very difficult task which requires lot of man power where in the service provider should send his men to each and every customer to issue the bill. Also the traditional electro mechanical meters, still widely used and are prone to drift over temperature and time as a result of mechanical nature of the components in the meter. The problem worsens further in collecting the meter readings and generating the bill. A method of automatic bill generation at the customer s place at the end of every month is suggested in this project. Along with this additional facility like knowing the power consumed till any instant as desired by the customer that allows him to keep a check on the power consumption is also included. Using a telecommunication system, intimation about the nonpayment of the bill by the customer and disconnection of the power on overdue can be made by the master station. Aim of the project This project deals with an implementation of an intelligent embedded system which measures the power drawn, automatically generates the bill, prints the same and disconnects the power with an overdue notice. A display unit is provided to display the day to day power usage and the bill for the power utilized. At some defined instances a hard copy of the bill can be taken out using the printer interfaced. GSM modem is used for the purpose of setting up a good communication channel between the master station and the customer unit. Objectives Generate the bill at the customer s place Set up a good communication channel between the main station and the customer unit Improve billing accuracy Enhance customer service on billing and service issues and a substantial savings from misread or inaccurate readings. Save the cooperative expense in meter reading which include employee salaries and transportation costs Save service provider s time in meter reading and bill calculations To provide more detailed information such as power consumption and reducing high bill complaints. WADEY meter is the system which automatically generates the bill at the customer s place and also provides a wireless means of communication between the main station and the customer. Accurate information of energy usage and also automate the process of measurement through digital communication techniques details will be available. The system also saves employee trips, and in the case of estimates, billing can be based on actual consumption rather than on an estimate based on previous consumption, giving customers better control of their use of electric energy. In this project a high accuracy electrical energy measurement IC ADE7757 is used and it is a Analog Devices for measuring the power consumed. The ADE7757 supplies the power consumed in the form of pulses. These output pulses may be used to directly drive an electromechanical counter or interface with an MCU which can be used to count the number of pulses. Using the pulse count value the amount of power consumed is calculated and the bill will be displayed. Also a GSM modem is used as the wireless communication system between the main station and the customer. This is used for data transmission such as changes in tariff per unit of power consumed, 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

60 intimation about the nonpayment of the bill and instructions for disconnection of power on overdue from main station. Conclusions Major developments and projects in the field of remote metering are in progress, involving various research and development programs such as PLCs, application of the system on large databases, utilization of the necessary communication links, and others. The use of GSM in the project that system provides numerous advantages over the methods that have been previously used. The use of metering IC ensures an accurate and reliable measurement of the power consumed. The cost effective transmission makes readings more frequently available to the main station. The implications of this are that the energy demand patterns can be thoroughly studied. The group tried to explain that how WADEY meter can play a vital role in managing electrical energy. It is found to be the best alternative to the present existing meter reading system. It will be instrumental in avoiding energy wastage caused due to lack of proper management and will be a very good solution for the prevailing energy crisis. Scope for Future Work The meter can further be enhanced whereby bill can be paid at the customer s end itself using the GPRS channel. 38. FACE RECOGNITION USING CODEBOOK DESIGNED BY CODE CLASSIFICATION COLLEGE : K.V.G. COLLEGE OF, SULLIA GUIDE : MR. ANIL B.V. STUDENTS : RAJENDRA MURDESHWAR RAVINDRA B. PATIL GOWDA HASSAN ROSHAN SHIVANAND KULAKARNI which is obtained by counting the matching frequency of individual code vector, contains very effective facial feature information. By utilizing this technique, a novel face recognition algorithm called VQ histogram method has been developed. A codebook is very important since it directly affects the quality of VQ processing. In VQ codebook space information processing, a special codebook was used, which is systematically organized for 2x2 blocks with code vectors having monotonic intensity variation without DC component. Recognition Result Conclusion It fairly uses systems like this to track the movements of people in a small town without their permission and misuse the information. Applications In educational institution for replacement of the attendance register. The personal identification/verification systems utilizing personal biometric features, such as, face, voice, fingerprint, iris pattern, etc. are attracting a lot of attention. Among them, face recognition seems to be the most natural and effective method to identify a person since it is the same as the way human does and there is no need to use special equipments. In face recognition, personal facial feature extraction is the key to creating more robust systems. This index number information was paid attention and it was found that a code vector histogram, In advanced fields such as Robotics for identifying people or objects to perform the corresponding action. In detection of criminals at public places, where it attempts to recognize faces of known criminals in a real-time footage from cameras dispersed throughout the city. Face recognition system can be implemented to make the login more secure, by considering it as a secondary security measure. In checking for criminal records from the national criminal database st Series : SPP : KSCST :

61 Enhancement of security by using surveillance cameras in conjunction with face recognition system. Scope for Improvements An improvement can be done on performing this recognition not only on captured image but also on moving image, which would further decrease execution time. 39. ENHANCED RESTORATION OF BROKEN/HAZY CHARACTERS To find the borders of the image, then fills the inner border which provides greater reliability. To provide better and efficient result for recognizing the character. Depending upon the feature classifiers, the test character is compared with the standard data base and results are obtained accordingly. The restoration of the character to be done. 1. Image Extraction: 2. Preprocessing and border following algorithm: COLLEGE : P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE GUIDE : PROF. FARRUKH SAYEED STUDENTS : ALIMATH SHAZIA BANU CHAITRA S JYOTHI PAI K MELITA JEAN PINTO Optical Character Recognition, usually abbreviated as OCR, is a type of computer software designed to translate images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into machineeditable text, or to translate pictures of characters into a standard encoding scheme representing them (e.g. ASCII or Unicode). OCR began as a field of research in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and machine vision. Though academic research in the field continues, the focus on OCR has shifted to implementation of proven techniques. Optical character recognition (using optical techniques such as mirrors and lenses) and digital character recognition (using scanners and computer algorithms) were originally considered separate fields. "Intelligent" systems with a high degree of recognition accuracy for most fonts are now common. Some systems are even capable of reproducing formatted output that closely approximates the original scanned page including images, columns and other non-textual components. Recognition of variously deformed character patterns is one of the salient features of optical character recognition. The methods used for recognition of broken characters previously where less efficient, because no effort was done to mend the broken characters and hence produced poor recognition results. Objectives Develop a methodology to increase the efficiency in results. Figure : Center of the character 3. Extraction of data: 4. Creation of an Ideal Database 5. Character Recognition 6. Character Restoration. Results In this method special masks are used to remove pixel discontinuities in the image of numerals. Statistical features of the characters such as character centroid and its mean distance from the pixels on the contour, normalized distance function, normalized area and other such features are used to find the similarity between input character with that of standard data base. A data base for 26 characters is taken as a standard reference.10 samples of each character with different scratch rates were tested and the results are tabulated. Each character has different recognition. Overall efficiency for the same broken digits using mending and then statistical method for recognition yielded a better result of 73.21% Overall efficiency for the same broken digits using border following algorithm and statistical method for recognition is 84.16% 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

62 Conclusions 1. The character mending algorithm is a very effective and flexible method to deal with the broken characters. It can fix various kinds of broken characters, if the number of broken pixels is smaller than the number of non-broken pixels in mending masks. This algorithm has no effect on the pixels that do not need mending. 2. The combined use of mending masks with different sizes and the repeated use of the same mask can fix some seriously broken characters. Experiments shows that using this algorithm, the recognition rate can be improved substantially. 3. The recognition rate of statistical method has increased about 11% after using the brokencharacter mending algorithm. The recognition rate before and after using the algorithm are 73.21% and 84.16%, respectively. Scope For Future Work The efficiency of mending and recognition can be increased by extracting more features from the characters and hence characters with more variations such as alignment and rotation variations can be recognized. Incorporate the recognition of lower-case alphabets also. This approach can be extended for the recognition of words, sentences and documents by implementation of segmentation techniques. The database structure shall be improved by associating with every characteristic vector, the corresponding alphabet and font. User interface can be developed. 40. ENCRYPTING DATA AND STORING INTO AUDIO CASSETTES COLLEGE : PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA GUIDE : PROF. PUSHPA ALLAD STUDENTS : ASHWINI M. KALBURGI CHETANA I. V. LAVANNYA NAIDU J. Steganography is the art of covered or hidden writing. The purpose of steganography is convert communication to hide a message from a third party. This differs from cryptography, the art of secret writing, which is intended to make a message unreadable by a third party but does not hide the existence of the secret communication. Steganography is beneficial for securely storing sensitive data, such as hiding system keys within other files. In images and videos the noise that is appended in the digital document are apparent and can get easily decoded. But in the case of audio steganography the noise is obvious and is quite difficult to make out the stegano noise from the actual noise. Analog steganography presents an alternative storage medium in audio cassettes. The audio cassettes have longer life and not vulnerable like the floppy drives. Beside they protect the data as no one other then the steganographer can extract the data from the cassettes. The cassettes are new formats and hence they would not be affected by the common threats like the virus threats. The digital steganography method can be used to carry the files in digital player like the i-pods which protects from any un-authenticated access. Objective To find a method to hide data behind digital audio files as well as analog audio files. Data can be protected by either cryptography or steganography. Cryptography is a way to change the data itself where as the steganography is a way to hide the entire data itself in any form of digital medium like audio and video. Classification of audio documents as bearing hidden information or not is a security issue addressed in the context of steganalysis. A cover audio object can be converted into a stego-audio object via steganographic methods. The group presented a method to hide data behind digital audio files as well as analog audio files. Applications Data confidentiality over the network. To protect the data against unauthorized use. To protect the data in the single system. To transfer confidential messages and convey secret messages. In the military applications. The analog steganography can be used as an alternative storage. The project can be integrated with digital players like the mp3 player and such players can be used as a data drive st Series : SPP : KSCST :

63 41. SMART CARD AND RFID BASED AUTOMATED PARKING SYSTEM COLLEGE : SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENGERI, BANGALORE GUIDE : CHANDRAPPA.D.N STUDENTS : SMITHA.P SOWMYA.V VIJETHA.K.A SAILAJA.P Smart cards are playing an integral role in these new payment strategies. Smartcards provide increased security, enable more distributed processing and provide a variety of communication options.in these implementations, the parking operator issues (and reissues) the smart cards, manages retail outlets (where they exist) manages cardholders queries, reloads the cards (where this is possible), and manages the entire card system automatically. vehicle number, password and recharge amount. All the information present in smart card can be changed any time by an authorized dealer. The amount present in the card can be recharged anytime by the user. Whenever the user goes to the shopping mall or a hospital which has this kind of a parking system and holds the user data in the database provided by the PC, he/she is allowed to use the smart card and is called a valid user. The user swipes the card into the reader slot provided to it and waits for the PC to check the status of the card and its validation. Once the card is found valid, a message is displayed on the LCD display that the user is a valid user. Next the user is given an option to open the door. Block Diagram Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. In this project RFID module consists of a receiver and a transmitter.the Rf transmitter is fixed to the vehicle and the Rf receiver is attached to Control unit of the gate.the radio waves is being transmitted continuously from the Rf transmitter fixed in the vehicle but gets detected when there is Rf receiver close by. The RF antenna after receiving the signal from the transmitter antenna sends it to the decoder; the decoder now decodes the signal and verifies the signal frequency with the pre-stored frequency. If it is matched the gate is opened. Thus RFID grants access to the authorized vehicles, and provides security. Objectives To use automatic parking payment strategies with less human involvement. The entry/exit and payment for parking is managed by control unit in this project. The system allows the vehicle owner to do his payment through a smart card and gain entry/exit. This type of parking system can be implemented in Hospitals, Apartments, Shopping malls, and Vehicle Servicing Stations. Further, this project is enhanced to allow owners vehicles automatically using RFID. The project aims at developing a parking system where the user given a smart card which holds the At the exit gate also same procedure is followed and an additional computation is also done. A suitable amount is calculated for using the parking space in the mall or hospital and the amount is deducted from the card accordingly. Also, in this project there is RFID module which consists of a receiver and a transmitter.the Rf transmitter is fixed to the vehicle and the Rf receiver is attached to Control unit of the gate.rfid here grants access automatically to the authorized vehicles as soon as the signal is detected. This can be used for the owner s vehicle who can gain entry without having to swipe the card. This way the owner need not pay parking charges for his own building Results and Conclusions To use automatic parking payment strategies with less human involvement. The entry/exit and payment for parking is managed by control unit in this project. Further the project can be enhanced to indicate the number of slots available for parking, and also which slot is free for parking. This can be done by using sensors at each and every slot. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

64 INSTRUMENTATION 42. ACTIVE TRANSPONDERS FOR A FARE COLLECTION SYSTEM COLLEGE : UNIVERSITY B.D.T COLLEGE OF, DAVANAGERE GUIDE : T D VISHNUMURTHY STUDENTS : ANITA UPARE ARCHANA L ARUN KUMAR G E ASHOK S M In general, passenger s records in transportation are currently paper based. They are often compiled in an ad-hoc manner, with recorded details varying between conductors. This project details a solution that attempts to efficient transportation records by merging RFID and database technologies. The solution standardizes the recorded data and provides a database that can be accessed by authorized personnel. Current systems offer solutions whereby the passenger s data is held on the RFID tag, which restricts the amount of passenger s data that can be stored, due to limited memory on the tag. The RFID tag will only store a unique Personal Identification Number (PIN). This identifies the passenger s records within the web-based database. The main purpose of this project is to free the passenger equipped with electronic card from prior ticket purchase. The reader installed on each vehicle automatically detects the card and registers the entry and exit time. This information is used for fare collecting and billing system. Objectives A fare collection concept is based on active transponder technology is the main concept of the study. This allows efficient registration of passenger trips in place of inaccurate manual counting of passengers in the vehicles, giving transportation companies precise car occupancy statistics. This concept helps companies optimize their infrastructure with better vehicle distribution. Passengers equipped with an electronic card can board vehicles without prior ticket purchase. Equipment installed on each vehicle automatically detects the card and registers the passenger s entry and exit locations. The collected data which contains the card and vehicle identification, stops names, and time stamps is then forwarded from the vehicle to a fare calculation and billing system. Passengers need to carry the card in their pockets or luggage during the trip, and the whole access control process is executed unnoticeably. The main advantage of active transponders is the ability to communicate over a long distance at high data rates, as compared to passive transponders. The main difference between the active and the passive transponder is the power activation, that is, with or without a battery. Obviously, the drawback stands in the active part of the tag, which implies the use of a dry-cell-type battery. This drawback can be bypassed if the circuit is designed in such a way that the battery life duration exceeds the tag s lifetime, ensuring a reliable communication link. Results and conclusion Using RFID tags represents the most reliable, efficient and effective method of fare collection. This system can efficiently be used to overcome the problems encountered by the usual fare collection systems which rely on paper tickets, bar codes or any contacting smart cards. Other than fare collection, this system can even be extended over many areas as follows: Biomedical application. Office automation. Animal tracing. Infant wrist-bands. ENVIRONMENTAL 43. BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN CHIKMAGALUR CITY COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : Mr. SHIJU EASO JOHN STUDENTS : BLESSY MERLIN K E EASAW SOWMYA M S SUNEET KUMAR SUNIL KUMAR K Due to their infectious characteristics, management of biomedical waste is of utmost concern in public life. As per the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, these wastes have to be handled properly, right from collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal. Care should always be taken not to mix the biomedical waste with other solid waste. The present study involves studying the current situation of biomedical waste management in Chikmagalur city st Series : SPP : KSCST :

65 Objectives It is proposed to estimate the quantum of biomedical waste generation, quality analysis of the waste, followed by disposal systems adopted and to assess the situation of the biomedical waste management practices in the study area. The city of Chikmagalur has a population of 105,000 and the study was undertaken for the hospitals within the city limits. The study period was from January 2008 to March The city has 11 hospitals, 41 clinics and 3 laboratories. For data collection on waste generation and existing practice, a questionnaire (format) was developed and used in the survey. The waste was classified into three categories viz. hospital waste which includes the total waste generated (incl. canteen, office etc.); medical waste which is a part of hospital waste and is the waste generated from patient diagnosis, treatment etc. and the potentially infectious waste (part of medical waste) which has the potential to infect the humans and animals. The data collected was tabulated and analysed. Conclusions The biomedical waste management (BMW) in Chikmagalur city was not properly managed as per BMW rules. The BMW in private hospitals was better than that in the Government Hospitals. Waste segregation standard is very poor and needs to be improved. Many private clinics are not at all following the BMW rules. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION 44. HANDICAPS WHEEL CHAIR CONTROLLED BY HEAD MOVEMENT COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : B. N. PRASANNA KUMAR STUDENTS : VINAY. S NARASIMHA BHARADWAJ. H. S, SUNIL. K RASHMI. P. N A wheelchair is a mobility device in which the user sits. The device is propelled either manually (by compelling the wheels by hands) or via various automated systems. Wheelchairs are used by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible due to illness (mental or physical), injury or disability. The movement of a person is solved by an application using automation in a conventional wheel chair. This project helps for a person whose hands are also disabled. So if the occupier can move their head they can control the wheel chair s direction and even can bring it to standstill when not needed, with a sudden response from the motor. Without any others help it can be achieved. Objective To develop a user friendly and economical device which can help the disabled who even cannot use either of their hands to operate wheelchair. The two batteries of 6V each have been connected in series in order to run two DC motors. One of which is mounted to front wheel for direction controlling. The other motor is placed at the rear side of the wheelchair in order to run the rear wheels for the movement and to ensure safety of the user, the wheelchair is provided with forward movement only. Since the DC motors will be having high speed and low torque and we need vice-versa. To increase the torque a reduction gear is used which is of the ratio 1:20 and coupled perpendicularly to the motor armature shaft. The two batteries of 6V each have been connected in series in order to run two DC motors. The head gadget is provided with three micro switches (mechanical sensors) which are reliable and available for low cost. Among these three switches one is for the forward movement controlling, one for controlling the left directional movement and the other for controlling right directional movement. These sensors are connected to three separate relays (electromagnetic switches), which checks the signals sent by the mechanical sensors to the motor. The relays used are of Double Pole Single Through (DPST). For ease of use to the disabled person, this wheel chair is provided with an alternative controlling device that is, joystick. This is made parallel with the switches of head movement gadgets and is in turn connected to the relays for switching action for the motor. The battery used is of rechargeable and it can run for almost 3 hours with one full charge at a constant speed of 1.1 Km / hour. This constant speed is maintained to impart safety. Wheelchair is not provided with reverse movement to avoid any accidents due to backside non visibility. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

66 INFORMATION SCIENCE AND 45. SECURE NETWORK COLLEGE : YELLAMMA DASSAPPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : ANNAPURNA.D STUDENTS : NAVYA T N PAVITHRA M Results and Conclusion The designed wheelchair can carry a load upto 90 Kg, both in plane surface and even at 30 0 inclinations at a speed of 1.1Km/hr. To ensure safety the wheelchair is not provided with a reverse movement and at a constant speed. It can be turned only through forward movement. The motorized wheelchairs available in the market ranges between Rs. 12,000 to 1 lakhs but, the one which is fabricated with a new designing concept and costs around Rs. 8,000 only. As the technology is innovative and it can even be used by the patients who have undergone paralytic stroke and have lost the power of hands too. Scope For Future Work The motorized wheelchair has shown good results in regard to its constructional simplicity and operational ease. The machine has also shown some difficulty in moving in very steep gradient. The machine nevertheless, can be improved further. Two speed gear arrangement in between the pulley of the motor and the shaft, the low speed gear can be engaged during the movement of the wheelchair over a gradient. This would lead to easy movement of the wheelchair over an inclined surface. The reverse movement of the wheelchair can be provide with a sensor that could sense the obstacles behind and avoid any possible accidents. The head movement for side turning can be timed or some delay could be adjusted for avoiding any sudden movement. A DC voltage regulator can be installed, so that the speed of the wheelchair can be varied as per once wish. Secure Communication Networks promise a very a good alternative to dedicated secured networks, that is cheap, secure and easily implemented. However, on of the trade offs is the network performance. The increase in processing load due to encryption/decryption, affects the data throughput of the network. This concept looks into an experimental deployment of a network and implement a secure communication network on it, using two standard tunneling protocols: IPSec and SSH. It then compares the performances of the two setups. The project which is done deals with the security systems and is termed as Secure Communication Network (SCN). This project provides solution regarding security systems through which confidential folders or information can be easily send to the manager (Project Leader) of the company. The project consists of three modules: ADMIN, CLIENT, REMOTE ACCESS. ADMIN is administrator of the company who manages the company and deals with every problem. CLIENTS are the employees who work under the Admin and perform the task as requested by the Admin. Using the REMOTE ACCESS module two private networks can also communicate through the public network. In this generic module data will be send from one private network to another network using the encryption mechanism. The software used to build SCN is JAVA,J2EE, and SQL Server. JAVA, J2EE is a high level programming language which has got special features in it, which made us to build our project using JAVA, J2EE. Conclusion This project will be useful for the people working in the company who are being assigned projects by their st Series : SPP : KSCST :

67 project leaders, to maintain their records on a on a day to day basis. The package has been checked for its capability requirements such as capacity, efficiency, speed and accuracy. The product has been demonstrated to the users. The functionality of all the modules and the module level integration is found to be satisfactory. By choosing powerful Server side programming using JSP & HTML, and can develop the S/W applications like design, implementation and testing methods. The important feature of the software includes user-friendly operations and efficient commanding operations. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 46. IMPROVING THE ROBUSTNESS OF TCP TO PACKET REORDERING COLLEGE : NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA, SURATHKAL GUIDES : DR. ANANTHANARAYANA V. S. PROF. RIO G.L D SOUZA MR. DINESH NAIK STUDENT : PRADHAN B. U TCP provides a reliable transport layer. One of the ways it provides reliability is for each end to acknowledge the data it receives from the other end. But data segments and acknowledgments can get lost. TCP handles this in two ways. One ways is by setting a timeout when it sends data, and if the data isn't acknowledged when the timeout expires, it retransmits the data. The second way is fast retransmission, if the sender gets three duplicate acknowledgements before the timer could expire, it immediately retransmits the packet for which duplicate acknowledgements were received without waiting for the timer to expire. Objectives Internet topology contains path diversity. While only one end-to-end path is used. The measurement study found that 30% to 80% of the time, an alternate path with lower loss or smaller delay exists. In a measurement study of a large ISP, it was found that almost 90% of pairs of Point-of- Presences (PoPs) have at least four link-disjoint paths between them. The objective of this project is to address the problem of Packet Reordering and hence facilitate deployment of Multipath Routing in future. Routers typically drop packets when their queue is full. Consider a dropped packet (p i ) and its preceding (p i-1 ) packet; p i-1 was the last packet to be put into the queue before the next packets i.e. pi would be dropped. Being the last one in the queue, it would have an RTT much larger than the average RTT value. Thus, by observing the RTT values would be in a position to predict loss with substantial accuracy. In this algorithm we keep track of RTT, Exponential Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) of the difference in RTTs of packets corresponding two successively received ACKs. Results and Conclusions Data consisting of 1000,5000,10000 and packets are collected. Two graphs have been plotted using the collected data. They are: Number of Packets correctly predicted(y-axis) as lost V/S Number of Packets lost(x-axis) Number of Packets correctly predicted(y-axis) as not lost V/S Number of Packets not lost(x-axis) Accuracy rate of prediction of lost packet as lost (Accuracy 1) Accuracy rate of prediction of a not lost packet as not lost (Accuracy 2) The range and average Accuracy rates are as given bellow Accuracy1 Accuracy2 Range: [47.33%, 73.98%] Average value = 53.77% Range: [49.35%, 60.64%] Average value = 54.61% It can be concluded that, the Implementation of the proposed algorithm would reduce around 50% false retransmissions of TCP. But, there would be increase in number of timeouts because of false negatives (prediction of lost packet as not lost) Scope For Future Work Immediate extension of this project would be to do more rigorous simulations using ns2. Further one can go on to write a Linux patch for the same. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

68 INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 47. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC IMAGE RECOGNITION SYSTEM COLLEGE : DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. M. MEENAKSHI STUDENTS : ASHA.K KAVYA.M.P LAVANYA.G Recognition is a generic term, and does not necessarily imply either verification or identification. All biometric systems perform recognition to again know a person who has been previously enrolled. There are two different ways to recognize a person: verification and identification. Verification (Am I who I claim I am?) involves confirming or denying a person's claimed identity. On the other hand, in identification, the system has to recognize a person (Who am I?) from a list of N users in the template database. Identification is a more challenging problem because it involves 1: N matching compared to 1:1 matching for verification. Objective This project focuses on using the fundamentals of digital signal processing to bring about optimized solutions. Image recognition is the process of automatically recognizing the person on basis of individual information stored in the form of image pixels. This project emphasizes on person identification with face as the biometric parameter. DOOR WEBCAM The different approaches of face recognition system along with its principles. 1. Pixel to Pixel Comparison 2. Principle Component Analysis(PCA) 3. Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) analysis In proposed model of face recognition dimension reduction is achieved through decimation algorithm and then DCT is applied which exhibits large variance distribution in a small number of coefficients and much of the signal energy lies in low frequencies; these appear in the upper left corner of the DCT. DCT of the normalized decimated face image is computed and a certain subset of low-to-mid frequency coefficients having the highest variance is retained as a feature vector which describes face. DCT technique is based on pattern recognition for boundary condition.it involves generating DCT coefficients which have high energy packing properties. Since it requires only few coefficients it is easier to extract them using matlab and finally these values are stored in DSP and used for recognition procedure. Therefore it is more effective to implement in DSP Conclusion Automatic face recognition system is designed and developed using DSP hardware. Before using DSP hardware the concept was tested in MATLAB. Advantages 1. The use of a DSP processor accelerates the performance of the system in terms of processing speed, efficiency etc. 2. There is no requirement for any form of typed code. Hence the system cannot be hacked easily. LOCKOPENS ON IM AGE MATCH DSK 6713 Fig. 1. Face Recognition Technique I M A G E 3. The system is extremely versatile and portable. 4. The scope and applications of the project is tremendous and it can be extended into everyday lives as well. Future Scope Color images would be even more effective. For the consideration of color images the 3D analysis of the images is required. Also, if the daughter card is used to input the images in to DSP then it is possible to implement eigenface technique in DSP which is many ways better than DCT analysis st Series : SPP : KSCST :

69 MECHANICAL 48. HYBRID GASIFIER COLLEGE : B V B COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECH., HUBLI GUIDE : PROF. ANAND M SHIVAPUJI STUDENTS : VIKRAM KORLAHALLI MILIND SHIROLKAR RAVI VERNEKAR SHREESH GUDI Coal, oil, gas and nuclear energy are the major sources of primary energy. The raising prices and depleting reserves of these sources, is driving the human to search for alternate method of energy production. Biomass gasification is one of the biomass conversion technologies to produce a combustible gas mixture using agro residues. The conventional biomass gasifier involves the processes of drying, heating, pyrolysing, partial oxidation and finally reduction, as the feed passes through it. The gas so produced (producer gas), can be used only for cooking purposes and as fuel in IC engines, due to hydrogen content (18-20%) and CO (18-24%). The conventional gasifier systems include updraft gasifier, downdraft gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier and crossdraft gasifier. Hybrid gasifier is a combination of updraft and downdraft techniques, which allows for dual air exit ports to extract the producer gas. Objectives To produce an energy efficient and high quality gas for both thermal and engine applications, using biomass. Experimental Setup A working model of hybrid gasifier was fabricated for a wood capacity of 8.3 kg and designed for a wood consumption rate of 4.3 kg/ hour. The unit had essential parts like throat, hopper, grate, shaking mechanism, ash pit, airflow suppliers and controls, tuyers, gas outlet ports etc. Gasifier was filled with charcoal in the burning zone and wood pieces in the main chamber without leaving any spaces. Primary and secondary pipes were connected to the blower. Gasifier was fired at nozzles and the primary valve is opened to supply air so that coal in burning zone catches fire and radiates heat into the upper zones to crack the woody biomass into a clean burning fuel. Production of producer gas confirmed by a flame at the flaring port. The gasifier was operated for three modes viz. updraft, downdraft and the combined mode (hybrid mode) to assess the mass flow rates of three different types of fuel viz. normal wood, charcoal and packing wood. Results and Conclusions The continuous operation of the gasifier indicated that the developed model can act both as updraft and downdraft gasifier. The combined mode still requires some more work in the form of air redirection within the combustion zone so that a sustained reduction zone exists simultaneously above and below the combustion zone. As the system was able to support the reduction zone either above or below the combustion zone, but not simultaneously. 49. PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS BRIQUETTES USING ARECA NUT SHELLS AND ARECA NUT POWDER COLLEGE : G M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANAGERE GUIDE : Mr. D N BASAVARAJAPPA STUDENTS : KIRAN KUMAR T MALLIKARJUNA A S SREEKANTH PATIL B TALUR PARAMESHWARA Due to the increasing demand for energy by way of industrialization and population explosion and depleting primary sources of energy, there is an urgent need to develop alternate energy sources. Energy generation using biomass is one such alternate source of energy and is getting wide importance in the recent days. Agriwastes like rice straw, saw dust, sugarcane trash, coir pith, peanut shells, cotton seeds, bagasse, waste wood etc. are known sources of biomass energy materials. On the basis of calorific value, the agriwastes can be comparable to coal. In addition to the above, an effort of using areca nut shells and areca nut powder as an energy material is being tried in the present study. Objectives Production of Biomass Briquettes using Areca Nut Shells and Areca Nut Powder Materials and Areca nut powder, areca nut shells and other agriwastes (except wood) of low bulk densities were collected. The direct use of these materials in energy production is inconvenient and also uneconomical. For that, these materials need to be processed. Initially, all the agriwastes were dried to reduce the moisture content to less than 5%. Then all the waste products were cut into small sizes. The areca nut shells and the areca nuts were taken and finely ground. The ground 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

70 powder was sieved to separate powder of 800, 650, 425, 300 and fine powder. By taking the powder of a particular size in 1:1 ratio, briquettes were formed. Similarly, with varying ratio of areca nut shell powder and areca nut powder also, briquettes were formed. The briquettes were cut into uniform size and combusted in an oven. After complete combustion, the ash content and calorific value were determined and the results were tabulated. Results and Conclusions Areca nut shell and areca nut powder based biomass gives higher CV fuel. Abundantly available agriwastes can be used effectively for power generation, after briquetting. 50. HYDROGEN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL FOR IC ENGINES COLLEGE : KALPATARU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TIPTUR GUIDE : PROF. G. R. VIJAYASWAMY STUDENTS : SANTHOSH G. A. KIRAN S. VAGEESH ARM SANTHOSH S. Hydrogen offers large potential benefits in terms of reduced emissions of pollutants and green house gases. Hydrogen is a premium quality energy carrier which can be used with high efficiency and zero emissions. Hydrogen is expected to play major role in energy sector in future. The amount of heat given per gram of Hydrogen is kj. For the same one gram of liquid fuel like methane, the amount of heat produced is 55.6 kj and coal produces kj of energy. Objectives To generate hydrogen by most economical process To utilize the hydrogen for domestic, automobile and industrial application. To analyze the hydrogen in terms of safety, cost and environment aspects. To evaluate the potential of hydrogen as a alternate fuel. Several experiments were conducted on Hydrogen liberation and its measurements. They are : 70 Hydrogen liberation using sulphuric acid and iron reaction Hydrogen liberation using hydrochloric acid with magnesium ribbons The experimental setup includes a large glass beaker and a glass funnel structure which is inverted in a glass beaker. A eudiometer tube with graduations on it is placed inverted on the neck of the funnel. The whole setup is made to be immersed in HCl and Mg ribbons are dropped inside the funnel. Reaction occurred and hydrogen was collected at the top of the eudiometer tube. The amount of hydrogen collected was checked using the graduations marked on the test tube. Conclusion Hydrogen is used in fuel cells where it is sufficient and intrinsically clean for all end-use applications. Hydrogen can be obtained from the acid-metal reaction. 51. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF BATTERY CONTROLLED WHEEL CHAIR COLLEGE GUIDE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN : DR. D. V. GIRISH H. M. NIRANJAN STUDENTS : BAVITHA T. DARSHAN KUMAR H. K. MEJAP WAGE MADAN K. A wheelchair is a wheeled mobility device in which the user sits. The device is propelled either manually or via various automated systems. In this project the team has made an attempt to design and fabricate a battery operated wheel chair which makes the user to buy the wheelchair at a cheaper rate. Objective To give a freedom of movement to a physically challenged people. Joystick control system is made in such a way that person can operate it very easily without much effort. The major system components consists of input device, controller, power controller, motor and a battery. Result and discussion Product performance standards achieved includes: Dynamic stability Effectiveness of brakes Energy consumption 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

71 Obstacle climbing ability Safety of power and control systems The required torque is successfully achieved which is at a speed of 13.5 km/hr The mild steel used for fabrication of chassis and the frame sustains the applied force. The running cost of the wheel chair is reduced by using electric control system. The model is described using measurements readily available in production engines and using a set of tuning parameters that have physical interpretations and are closely connected to the ideal Otto cycle. The simulated pressure traces P(θ) is built up by two process pressure traces and an interpolation between these. (Refer fig 1) Conclusion The project team successfully implemented the idea in making the three wheelers for handicapped more easy to use and less tiresome. Motorized operation provides users by reducing the manual effort. Effective braking and steering have been put to make the ride safe and comfortable. 52. CYLINDER PRESSURE MODELING AND SPARK ADVANCE CONTROL IN FOUR STROKE SPARK IGNITION ENGINE The cylinder pressure model is divided into three parts: The compression process is well described by a polytropic process. The polytropic process also encapsulates the heat transfer, so that there is no need to explicitly include the heat transfer in the model. The expansion process is also well described by a polytropic process. The reference point for expansion temperature and pressure is calculated using a constant volume combustion process. COLLEGE : NITTE MEENAKSHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : SANTOSH KUMAR S STUDENTS : BHARATH M P MANJU BHARAGHAVA REDDY P S PHANEENDRA NADIGER VIMALA Current cylinder pressure models are computationally demanding and it is not yet possible to simulate or to have an observer for the cylinder pressure online in conventional engine control units. Therefore, computationally simple models for cylinder pressure in combustion engines needs to be developed. Here a simulation model is developed and validated for the cylinder pressure of a spark ignited engine which is computationally tractable since it does not require a numerical solution of the ordinary differential equations and can thus be used online. One of the key ideas behind the model here is based on the observation that the ideal Otto cycle provides valuable information about the compression and expansion process. These two processes are seen in the real measured pressure traces under normal operating conditions. The real cycle is similar to the ideal Otto cycle and the similarities are largest early in the compression and late in the expansion. It is characterized by the compression and expansion process which are well defined by the states of the fluid. Figure 1. Cylinder Pressure v/s Crank Angle (Model Description) Spark advance control deals with determination of the engine position where the spark plug shall ignite the air-fuel mixture and start the combustion. Engine efficiency and emissions are directly affected by the spark advance, due to its influence on the in-cylinder pressure. The purpose of the engine (and combustion) is to produce work and the optimal spark advance is here defined as the spark advance that gives maximum work if all other parameters are held constant. Simulation Model for Cylinder Pressure is developed based on the model description shown in figure 1. Moreover, the methodology is as follows. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

72 Pressure traces during compression process Adiabatic flame temperature Pressure traces during expansion process Figure 2: Pressure v/s Volume Mass fraction burned Pressure traces during combustion process Empirical Rules for Optimal Spark Advance There exists several empirical rules that relates variables deduced from the pressure trace to the optimal spark advance. Peak Pressure Concept A spark-advance control algorithm that maintains a constant peak pressure position (PPP) is therefore close to optimum. This scheme has been validated and used. Mass fraction burned (MFB) Another possibility for describing the position of the combustion is to use the mass fraction burned profile. Heywood states that with optimal spark timing half of the charge is burned (50% mass fraction burned) about 10 0 after TDC. Other possible measures of good combustion could be the positions for 30% or 90% mass fraction Pressure ratio management Peak Pressure Concept as the combustion descriptor to establish maximum brake torque timing was used to get the results. Results and Discussions The simulation model developed using a C program is capable of predicting the change in pressure during the process of combustion to acceptable level of confidence. The model assumes that the pressure Is constant during the process of intake and exhaust strokes, since there is no much restriction to gas flow during intake and exhaust process. The optimum ignition timing has been established based on the peak pressure concept. It has been found that the ignition timing are optimum at 15 0 and for a load of 2.5 N and it is 18 0 for a load of 4.5 N. 53. PROJECT VYOMA COLLEGE : R. V. COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : DR. R. S. KULKARNI STUDENTS : NAVEEN B. L. DHIRAJ VISHWANATH B. HARSHAVARDHANA P. TIKARE ANAND HOLANINI BRINDA MEHTA DEBOLINA SEN This project, VYOMA, is about design of a model aircraft for competition purposes and was carried out by six students. This involved design and fabrication a model which is expected to perform a specified flight mission. This project is to provide experience in project planning and constructive team interaction. Objective To design and construct a remote controlled, fixed wing aircraft which can lift maximum weight. The design must follow 2008 Aero Design Rules, set forth by the SAE, which include a standardized OS 0.61 FX engine, maximum total weight of 25 kg and the maximum sum total of the length, width and height of meters and should perform a specified flight mission. 1. Overall Vehicle Configuration consisted the following components: Wing: A rectangular wing with a selig 1223 airfoil, a wing span of meter and an aspect ratio of The angle of attack and the dihedral were set to zero and two degrees respectively. Fuselage: The fuselage was designed to have sufficient strength and light weight. The entire airframe was made of Balsa with reinforcements using paper veneer throughout and additional reinforcements at selected locations. Fig 3: Mass Fraction Burned v/s Crank Angle Landing gear: A tricycle gear made of fiber glass with two main wheels aft of the center of gravity was chosen so that the aircraft is stable on the ground st Series : SPP : KSCST :

73 Rear stabilizers: Considering the strength, simplicity and ease of manufacturing, flat plates with conventional configuration were chosen for the horizontal and vertical stabilizers. Payload Bay: The payload plates were bolted directly to the inner surface of the fuselage exactly below the wing which accommodates the required volume x 5.0 x Engine: The engine specified for regular class is an OS0.61 FX engine. It has a range of 2,000 to 17,000 RPM giving a maximum BHP of 1.9 HP at 16,000 RPM. Propeller: After a series of tests for the thrust of the engine, a 12.6 propeller was selected. 2. Performance Parameters such as (a) stall velocity, (2) take off distance and (3) cruise velocity were calculated, considering total take off weight of the aircraft as 12.5 kg. It was found the dynamic thrust available is greater than the required value, provided the static thrust is 3.5 kg. 3. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis was made using ANSYS/CFX Version The CFD analysis was carried out only to verify the flow pattern and not to determine the magnitude of aerodynamic forces. The flow pattern on the fuselage and wing is as shown. The project was presented at the competition held at Georgia, USA during April The aircraft took off successfully and lifted a total of 7 Pounds under the extreme weather conditions. 54. A STUDY OF EPOXY-EGLASS- NYLON6 / 6 LAMINATES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : THARESH S. STUDENTS : MALLIKARJUNA M. R. RAGHU Y. MOHAN KUMAR H.R. SADANANDAIAH G. C. The superior strength and stiffness of laminated composites materials are used in structural and aerospace applications only when the behavior of these materials under different loading conditions, fabric volume fraction is properly understood. The fibrous composites are superior to metals with respect to specific strength and modulus. It is important to note that glass-fabric laminated composites are superior to neither steel or aluminium in specific stiffness. Keeping this in vision, the behavior of laminated composites are characterized for tensile, compressive, flexural, impact and hardness strength with respect to fiber volume fraction, finer orientation and different notch configurations. When a laminated specimen is subjected to mechanical testing, the energy gets absorbed leads to damages such as delaminating, fiber breakage and matrix cracks and also deformation perpendicular to the direction of load. In order to reveal the fractured surface fracture study has been carried out by the project team. The following steps were employed in preparation of laminated composite specimen. Determining the volumetric ratio Mixing the hardener Applying release agent to mould Laying fabric layers using hand lay up techniques. Conclusion All the constraints have been considered while designing the model aircraft. The analysis and testing have been verified The hardener is poured into the resin taken in the beaker with constant stirring, while mixing, care is taken to avoid air inclusion and coagulation in the mixture. Epoxy resin has a good adhesion to surface with which it comes in contact hence the inner surface of 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

74 moulds is coated with bioline in uniform thickness and then the hand lay up technique is used to lay fabric layers in the open mould. The test specimen is fixed tightly between the end grips of the universal testing machine. The initial reading of the dial gauge extensometer and vernier scale on the vertical column of the machine was set to zero position. Load was gradually increased with constant crass head speed. Dial gauge and machine scale were taken at every 20 Kg and 40 Kg until the specimen breaks. The specimen is made up of Nylon-Epoxy-Eglass. The dimension of the tension test specimen is noted. The tension test standard is D3039 /D3039 M. Conclusion From the results it is noticed that the strength of the composite varies linearly. It is observed that the young modulus of the laminates kept under hard water increases with time period. When these laminates are kept under soft water for different periods the young s modulus has increased. 55. EXPERIMENTAL ANAYLSIS OF FLUID FLOW WITHIN A CALANDRIA BASED REACTOR COLLEGE : Smt. KAMALA AND Sri. VENKAPPA M AGADI COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWAR GUIDE : PROF. MALLUR BASAVARAJ STUDENTS : MANJUNATH U HIREMATH SUDHIR S HOOLI The understanding of unsteady flow phenomenon is of great interest in the design of nuclear reactors, turbo-machinery, missiles, wind-crafts etc., due to its complexity. Flow visualization method is a technique that allows one to observe and survey majority of the flow field, thereby facilitating the understanding of physics of flow problem. Experimental evaluation of Calandria reactor (Pressurized heavy water reactor) is one such method of flow visualization, which can be used on a small scale. Objective The study of unsteady fluid flow using flow visualization technique. The Calandria model representing the actual reactor was designed with Reynold s number of 2.5 x A cylindrical body of 150mm dia, having multiple inlets (11mm size) and one single outlet of 22mm size. 13 fuel rods of 5mm dia were used in the model. To facilitate the flow study, the model was fabricated using transparent acrylic sheet. The model also had necessary accessories like stand & housing (to hold the reactor model); piping systems with water tank, valves etc. & pump(to supply the media of flow into the model); light source (to study the flow pattern of the seeding material) etc. Cotton threads having specific gravity almost equal to that of water, was chosen as the seeding material, which is the most important parameter in flow visualization technique. Flow visualization studies were carried-out using 500W halogen lamp and water as the fluid medium. The typical flow patterns were observed with a mass flow rate of kg/s and Reynolds number Conclusions Only some of the seeding particles were illuminated due to lower intensity of the light source. Formation of recirculation zone within the Calandria was observed which gives a design setup for fuel rods placement. TELE 56. WIRELESS MOBILE BOMB DISPOSAL UNIT COLLEGE : BASAVAKALYAN COLLEGE, BASAVAKALYAN, BIDAR GUIDE : PROF. S. S. SWAMY STUDENTS : YOGESH J. CHANDESHWARE DINKAR BIRDAR MAYANK MAUSAM The law enforcement community needs a low-cost robot that can reduce or eliminate the danger for a bomb technician who must inspect, x-ray, and disrupt an explosive device or may be sometimes need to be relocated. Even a bomb technician uses great care in inspecting or handling an explosive device, the possibility exists that a bomber is waiting nearby to remotely detonate the device or a secondary device when the bomb technician is within range st Series : SPP : KSCST :

75 An effective Bomb Disposal Unit (BDU) can reduce or eliminate the risk of potentially deadly scenarios and allow a bomb technician to focus on disabling the device. Objective The project group propose to design a robust wireless mobile bomb disposal unit that would be capable of reaching close to the objects of threat and the real scenario can be observed through an onboard video camera which can send back video feedback to the observatory. stepper motor with the microcontroller. This relay provides safety to the devices when ever high voltage or current flow. A receiver section is made to receive the signals that are sent by the operator using a remote. The transmitter section for the transmission of the signal with the help of which it control the function of the whole unit. Conclusion An effective bomb disposal unit can reduce or eliminate the risk of potentially deadly scenarios and allow a bomb technician to focus on disabling the device. * ~ * ~ * Block diagram of the unit The project is based on electromechanical work. As seen from the block diagram, whole function is being controlled by the microcontroller which is a electronic device or microcontroller is the master that control the function of whole mechanical and other devices. Six DC motor along with a stepper motor has been used. These DC motor are used for various types of movement forward / backward motion of the unit, up-down motion of the hand, left and right movement of the arm with scissor, controlling of the mine detector and stepper motor has been used for the rotation of the camera. Metal sensor has been used for detection of mine in the Warfield. Relay drivers and relay control mechanism has been used for the interfacing of the DC motor and 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

76 SEMINAR AND EXHIBITION PROJECTS COMPUTER SCIENCE AND 57. AGRICULTURAL FIELD INFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS station through the sensors which monitor the environment in the actual field. To simulate the wireless sensor network and to show its usefulness in improving the productivity of agriculture produce. The aim is to show the usefulness of wireless sensor networks in improving the agricultural yield. COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF, SHIMOGA GUIDE : DR. VIJAYA KUMAR B.P. STUDENTS : AMIT RAJ MADHUKAR S.P. MANJUNATH K.M. Wireless sensor network are being used in agriculture field to monitor the growth of plants by monitoring different environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity etc. By monitoring these parameters and taking appropriate steps on certain unusual events the productivity of the agriculture could be increased to a considerable extent. The basic aim is to simulate the wireless networking environment for agriculture application. And design and develop the algorithm to simulate sensor node connectivity and data collection at the base station. Objective The key concern is to develop sensing and measuring environmental parameters like Light intensity, temperature, humidity etc. The above activities have been simulated using TOSSIM simulator, the code for which has been written in nesc. It is user friendly frontend has been designed using Visual Basic. The group tried to monitor different agricultural field parameters such as temperature, light intensity etc. It simulates the existence of a sensor field which would basically be a farm land and the sensors would be stimulated by applying some virtual force which could be temperature and light intensity. Basic The events sensed through node collects this information and passes it to either neighboring node (if it s the only connectivity to the base station) or directly to the base station. At the base station (laptop or a pc) the farmer takes appropriate action on the basis of the information sent to the base 76 Conclusion It is capable of sensing light and temperature variations and suggesting relevant preventive measures to be taken in a user friendly manner. The implemented model helps the farmer to continuously monitor the parameters affecting the growth of the crops and suggests steps to be taken upon some threshold value, thereby increasing the overall quality and productivity of the crops. 58. EVENT BASED CUSTOMIZED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR FARMERS USING EXISTING MOBILE TERMINAL DEVICES AND NETWORKING PLATFORM COLLEGE : JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL COLLEGE OF, SHIMOGA STUDENTS : ABIDALI M. NADAF NIRANJANA V. ADIGA PRAMOD M. VENUGOPAL K. GUIDE : DR. VIJAYA KUMAR B.P. : 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

77 In this project a prototype model is developed which disseminates agricultural advisories as short messages. The model consists of push type service in which weather forecast and crop wise advisories are sent regularly, and a pull type of service in which farmers can query about commodity prices. The commodity prices are retrieved directly from the internet. A Nokia handset is connected to computer for sending and receiving messages from the clients. SMSLib a Java package which implements AT commands for sending and receiving the messages is used. A simulation model also developed using Java Wireless Toolkit which provides flexibility in testing the project under different scenarios. Figure 1. Objectives The project aims in sending advisories as short messages over existing mobile network. Only those advisories which are relevant to particular farmer. The system provides two types of services push and pull type service. Push-type messages are sent regularly or when certain criteria are met, while pulltype messages are sent on the user s request by SMS. In push type service, every day the database is checked for new advisories which may be applicable on that day. If any advisories are present then message is sent only to those farmers who have registered for that particular crop. The agricultural advisories are developed by agricultural experts by considering different aspects like climate, geographical information, manures available, new research, etc. In pull type service farmers can retrieve current commodity prices from the internet using short message. When a farmer asks for commodity price the server looks up the same in the internet and retrieves the data and sends as short message. The database is used here to store the information such as phone number, name, and crop about users and also advisories which are classified according to crop. The commodity prices are directly retrieved from the web and all the html tags are parsed and only the required prices are sent as message. A handset is connected to server for sending and receiving the message via USB. AT commands are used here to communicate between handset and the computer. The existing GSM/CDMA network provides short message service so that these messages can be easily sent to farmers. The system overview is as shown in Figure 1: System Overview. The project is implemented both in simulation and real network platform. In simulation, Java wireless toolkit is used. For real network implementation Nokia 6610 handset with CA-42 cable is used. Conclusions In this project a prototype model is developed, which presents a new way of communication between agricultural experts and farmers. This project made use of short message service provided by existing mobile/wireless communication network to disseminate agriculture related advisories and weather forecast to farmers community. The farmers can also know market rate and fluctuations, as and when required by querying through the proposed service system. The present market rate from the Internet is effectively dispatched dynamically on request. Future Scope The proposed system can be provided with local language understandable by the farmers of the particular location and community. Similarly, the project can be developed to collect more information about a farmer such as soil type, irrigation method etc. which helps the experts to recommend more customized advisory to individual farmer. Further, this 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

78 project can be extended to provide social and medical services for rural, suburban area people. Image based interactive system can also be developed which makes the system more user friendly. 59. ROUTING SIMULATOR COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : INDIRA S P STUDENTS : ANUSHA A J MANJUSHA POORNIMA M JANGLER PUNEETHA T The Routing Simulator is learning how to get from here to there". It employ the term routing simulation to refer in general to all the things that are done to discover and advertise paths from here to there and to actually move packets from here to there, when necessary. When a packet is received by the router or is forwarded by the host, they both must make decisions as to how to send the packet. To do this, the router and the host consult a database for information known as the routing table. Objectives The Routing Simulator has the following objectives: 1. The topology of the subnet should be displayed with routers designated with computer images and links with lines 2. The Routing table of the subnet should be displayed showing various source and destination. 3. Various routing algorithms are implemented for the given topology. 4. The algorithms are simulated which shows the next hops of each router. 5. Time delay is calculated based on bandwidth and data rate, which suggests the efficient routing algorithm for various topologies 6. Processing of packets is done which displays routing table. 7. When a router is down, the user should be intimated. Method of Implementation For implementing all the above objectives the following routing algorithms were used. These algorithms choose the routes and data structures for implementation Flooding : In this method, every incoming packet is sent out on every outgoing line. 2. Source Routing: A technique whereby the sender of a packet can specify the route that a packet should take through the network. 3. Distance Vector (Bellman-Ford): Each router shares the knowledge about the entire network with its neighbors. The routing algorithm used in RIP, the Bellman-Ford algorithm 4. Link state: It performs the following functions. Learn about the neighbors. Measuring line cost Building link state packets. Distributing link state packets. Computing the new routes. 5. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) : An interior gateway protocol (IGP) for routing protocols on internal networks. 6. Hot Potato: To control the congestion occurred during packetransferring. Conclusion The smaller networks can be analyzed and the results can be employed in larger networks to make routing efficient and economic. As the simulator has provision for the crashing of routers, it intimates the user to follow a new path. It can be employed in real networks to increase the performance of routers and links. As it not feasible in real networks to test algorithms and then implement a best one, Routing Simulator can be helpful. Hence it is useful for people who provide networking services and those who design networks. 60. AUTOMATION OF OFF-LINE SIGNATURE VERIFICATION SYSTEM COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : MRS. MYNA A. N. STUDENTS : ASHWINI R. HARSHITHA H. G. PRIYANKA K. J. SHILPA M. K. The fact that the signature is widely used as a means of personal verification emphasizes the need for an automatic verification system. Verification can be performed either Offline or Online based on the application. Online systems use dynamic information of a signature captured at the time the signature is made. Offline systems work on the scanned image of a signature. In this study, a method for offline verification of signatures using a set of simple shape based 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

79 geometric features. The features that are used are Baseline Slant Angle, Aspect Ratio, Histograms, Center of gravity, slope of the line joining the centers of Gravity of two halves of a signature image, the mask features and the grid features. Objective Handling non existing situations created by fake signatures by forging the original ones. Can be used in Banks, Passport verifications and property registrations to detect forgeries. Widely used in the fields of finance and security. To present an efficient and effective algorithm to detect random, simple and skilled forgeries and provides a system with less time and space complexity. Overview of the system The proposed system is divided into two major parts Training with only genuine signature samples. Verification or recognition of given signature. The steps involved are Preprocessing, Background elimination, Noise reduction, Width normalization, Thinning, and Feature extraction. Verification of signature: Signatures are composed of special characters and flourishes and therefore most of the time they can be unreadable. Intrapersonal variations and interpersonal differences make necessary to analyze as complete images but not as letters and words put together. As signatures are the primary mechanism both for authentication and authorization in legal transaction. Verification is the decision about whether the signature is genuine or forgery. In this decision phase the forgery images is classified in three groups. 1) Random 2) Simple and 3) Skilled. The software product developed for detecting the signature forgeries is as follows: The user selects the signature to be given as input. It is stored in bitmap file. The proposed algorithm is applied on the selected signature. The algorithm finds whether the signature is genuine or forgery. Applications The software developed can be used for detection of forgeries in signatures. Used for securing credit card transaction. Conclusion The team has developed a user friendly interface which provides complete automation of signature verification. Here the mean signature for each person is stored. Thus the time complexity and space complexity is reduced. An accuracy of 98% for true acceptance and 95% for true rejection is seen. 61. ACADEMIA - COMPLETE PORTAL SOLUTION FOR COLLEGE COLLEGE : STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR GUIDE : PROF. C M PARAMESHWARAPPA STUDENTS : DHEERAJ D BAPAT CHINMAYA N GANESHA H S NAVEEN KUMAR K R This project, entitled Academia provides a systematic way to organize all the information regarding college, students and their studies. It is a package which can be used to maintain all the information regardless of the department. The information can be accessed on finger touch with little or no knowledge about underlying system design through Internet. Academia is portal solution for students, professors, alumni students, back office and visitors. It serves different purposes for different user group. A customizable portal based web interface with support of WEB 2.0 makes accessing easy with standard browser environment. Extensible portal based framework will help in integrating or extending other system such as library information into academia easily. Academia gives us flexibility and robustness in maintaining the databases. Objectives Academia is designed in-order to meet all the demanded functions required for the management of college database. This gives a single system which is capable of performing all the functions. Complete 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

80 information solution for college environment that helps in searching, accessing, sharing and managing information can be done through Academia. Incorporated spiral design methodology which is more suitable than other methodologies. Here each loop in the spiral represents a phase of the software process. From inner loop to outer loop each defines the process carried out in the design of the academia system. A cycle of the spiral begins by elaborating objectives such as performance, functionality etc. here in each alternative is assessed against each objective. This results in identification of project risk. Next is to evaluate these risks by activities such as analysis, prototyping, simulation etc. after this development is carried out. 3. Complete security for the database and also for the users. 62. KAKSHA - THE WIRELESS E-CLASS ROOM COLLEGE : VIDYA VARDHAKA COLLEGE OF, MYSORE GUIDE : HARSHA S STUDENTS : BALANARSIMHALU N. N. NITIN SHINDE NITHYANANDA P. B. RAJESH SHENOY Virtual Classroom is an attempt to change our conventional classroom / teaching system and try to break free from the restrictions put forth by the conventional classroom. Kaksha The Virtual Classroom has a central system to which users (teachers and students) login. Each of the users and their respective location addresses in the network (IP address) will be recorded in the central application, Kaksha-Mandala. Here, an administrator can login and create or remove users. The Teacher uses his application, Kaksha-Adhyapak to log into the central server. The class then starts and Kaksha- Mandala will update its list of online classes. Each of the students will use Kaksha-Vidyarthi to log into the central server and access any of the available online classes. Then based on his choice, a direct link is established with that teacher and the student begins to receive the lecture. Objective To transform conventional classrooms to virtual classrooms using the power of wireless networks. Problem Statement The lucrative IT sector has led to the shortage of academic professionals in educational institutions. To make teaching an opportunity to explore advancements in information fields the system needs to incorporate IT like standards in education. Results and Conclusion 1. In Academia users will deal with different forms and discussion boards. These results are shown in snapshots of that particular form or discussion boards. 2. Academia is built as a package which gives complete portal solution. Proposed Solution Create a completely wireless network across various colleges, which serve as a medium to broadcast lectures taking place at one point and unify all classrooms. The Virtual Classroom allows subscribers to access a wide range of classrooms through an online system. Being a completely wireless system, it provides the functionality of enabling any terminal within the range of transmission of the router to access the broadcasted content st Series : SPP : KSCST :

81 Conclusion A teaching tool to supplement the traditional classroom, elements of the virtual classroom can indeed be beneficial to both students and teachers. There are benefits to teaching and learning via a wireless communication technology as well as the traditional method. Future Enhancements This application can further be programmed to use UDP for transmitting video, messages and powerpoint presentations. It can be further upgraded to WiMax. Figure 1 : Basic block diagram of a Virtual Classroom The Virtual Classroom has been developed keeping in mind the tradeoffs involved in using Wireless networks. This application has been designed to use TCP for transmission of messages, video, files and PowerPoint presentations, and UDP for transmitting audio and whiteboard data. The control flow in Kaksha Adhyapak is as shown below: INSTRUMENTATION 63. SPEED CONTROL OF VEHICLES USING WIRELESS COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : LATHA H. K. E. STUDENTS : TEJASWI V. SHANKAR K. B. SRINIVAS C. KOTE Figure 2: Control Flow in Adhyapak The control flow in Kaksha Vidyarthi is as shown: Speed has been determined to be one of the most common contributing factors in vehicle crashes. Different types of vehicle speed limiters are in current use for regulating traffic especially across roads near populated areas such as hospitals, shopping malls, and schools. Objective In this project the speed of the vehicles can be automatically controlled through wireless communication. The vehicle entering within a certain range cannot exceed a particular speed value. Figure 3: Control Flow in Vidyarthi Various building blocks of the application, were analysed. The block diagram shows how these components can be used to setup a virtual classroom. The system developed has two sections: RF transmission section and the RF receiver section. The RF transmission section consists of a RF transmitting module comprising of transmitter and encoder. This transmitter has to be mounted on the place where the speed of the vehicles is to be controlled. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

82 The receiver module consisting of a receiver circuit with a driver module is placed in the vehicles. When the vehicles enters the range, the device receives the signal and activates the relay. The output of the relay is connected to a microcontroller that senses the received signal. The microcontroller is programmed to control the fuel flow control module, which is a combination of stepper motor and flow control valve. The fuel flow control module is placed between the carburetor and the engine of the vehicle. Once the stepper motor gets activated, it operates on the valve, which regulates the fuel flow into the engine. Hence speed of the vehicle is controlled. When the3 vehicle exits from this particular range for about 20 mts, the receiver gets deactivated. As a result the micro controller sets the running condition of the vehicle to normal state. Conclusion This project combines several pioneering techniques that integrate wireless and control technologies in order to implement a reliable speed control system. The power of the proposed system lies in its flexibility and capability of development with little hardware changes such as changing speed control methods using the software of the base station in lesser time. MECHANICAL 64. DESIGN OF MULTI NUT TIGHTENER AND REMOVER FOR FOUR WHEELER AUTOMOBILE COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : VENKATESH GUPTA N. S. STUDENTS : MANOJ UKAMANAL MADHUSUDHANA V. KUSHAL K. This project deals with Design of Multi Nut Tightener and Remover for Four Wheeler Automobile. Design is a process by which a product is made aesthetically good without compromising on its functionality. This project is chosen to create an aesthetically impressive work without giving away the performance. The scope of this project includes getting acquainted with prototype preparation, improvement, suggestions in existing product range for increased productivity, performance, reduction in number of parts and operations. The design methodology begins with the market survey, concept generation, selection, material and process selection, CAD and physical modeling and CATIA software was used for 3D modeling. Objective The primary objective of this project is to save the time and to reduce the difficulty in removal of the lug-nuts. This unit can remove all the nuts of a four wheeler simultaneously. The new concepts of manual operated type multi nut tightner and remover were generated. Tightening or removing the lug nuts safely and quickly Taking the center distance between the nuts of wheels of Maruti 800, which is marked on the plats, the plates are drilled by drilling machine as per making. After drilling the slots are checked by vernier caliper. After punching cut the plate with gas welding as per requirement of the design. The slots were finished with the help of grinding machine. The finished size of plates as per the requirement is made. Then give holes on the plates are drilled, the shape of the plate is chosen while considering ergonomic technique to reduce weight of the equipment because it is carried from one place to another place manually so it is necessary that the weight of the equipment must be less. Market study was done to collect the information about the product. By using the quality function development (QFD), customer voices were converted into technical voices and finally design target / goals were derived. Product Design Specification (PDS) was done. With the final PDS concept was selected as the final concept by using evaluation matrix. Material and process specifications were taken into consideration. The final concept was taken further and model was developed in CATIA software. Using MS physical appearance model was made. Conclusion This model is required in garages, service stations and also in tool kit. It is used for fast and quick servicing of st Series : SPP : KSCST :

83 vehicles within a short period. Saves the time and to reduce the difficulty in removal of the lug-nuts. Newly designed lug nuts remover works faster compared to the present existing single box spanner. Hence it reduces the total assembly time as well as the assembly cost. This nut remover has got the operator safety by adopting advanced mechanism like gear power transmission. The multi lug-nut remover is reliable and durable. It has met all requirements such as pitch circle diameter, and opening and closing time. 65. REMOTE CONTROLLED AIR DUCT CLEANER COLLEGE : SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : UMA SHANKAR STUDENTS : ANIL KUMAR PANDEY ANINDO BANERJEE ARUN KUMAR G ASHISH ANAND Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are integral parts of any industrial or commercial buildings, which make the environment congenial to work. Air ducts are used in these HVAC systems to supply fresh air and to remove stale air. Several materials are used in fabricating the air ducts. These air ducts shall be cleaned properly so as to have a good efficiency, long life etc. Conventional methods of duct cleaning include men entering in the duct systems and cleaning, compressed air cleaning systems, vacuum cleaning etc. They have difficulties like non-suitability to different sections of the units; improper cleaning of magnetic/ ferrous debris due to their weight, etc. To overcome these difficulties, a duct cleaner with an object sensor is developed. Objectives To design a remote controlled air duct cleaner Materials and The major components of the designed system include microcontroller (AT89C2051), microprocesser (ULN2003AG), DC motors (7 nos.), relays, transistors, capacitors, resistors, switches, encoder, decoder etc. The base frame was fabricated using wood and sheet metal. The frame was adequate enough to mount 2 DC motors and a vacuum cleaner with adequate distance. The sides were joint at top using angles and bent to the required shape. Then the chain drive was assembled. The T- arm, was fabricated using sheet metal, due to its flexibility. The total weight of the prototype was 9.8 kgs and base dimensions of 40 x 25 x 10 cm. The T-arm was of 30 x 10 x 10cm and chain drive length was 25 cm. The prototype was tested for its ability to execute the desired type of motion and carryout cleaning and was found to yield satisfactory results. Conclusions The prototype is developed and functioned as per expectations, but still enough scope for improvement. 66. PLATFORM SANITARY CODE ENFORCER FOR ON BOARD RAILWAY COACH COLLEGE : BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : DR. S. N. KURBET STUDENTS : MAHESH A KORI CHANDRASHEKAR V CHOW SIFUTA MUNGLANG PRAVEEN KULKRANI Indian railways are one of the largest transportation service providers in India Wide variety of facility are available like high-tech AC, Catering, individual compartments and many more. The only untouched zone is sanitation control at platform and a wide scope is available for improvement, hence an attempt is made to prevent the sanitation disposal at railway platforms. The new designed toilet system should be simple to operate and safe for users. It should not contain any components, which are prone to pilferage. It should be robust, reliable and low-maintenance, and should require minimum ground facilities at the terminals or en-route stations for it s operation. The water consumption shall be minimum, with I00% wash of the commode (max. 2.5 ltr. Per flush for Indian type and 1.5 ltr. For Western type). The toilet system is required to suit the space constraints of different types of coaches. All parts of the system should be at least 225 mm above rail level (preferably 400 mm). The equipment should not impede free -movement of the bogies, nor the routine inspection & maintenance of various bogie/coach subassemblies. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

84 Objectives To Design and develop new model which can be attached to the existing systems. To reduce the cleaning effort of cleaning the platform. Self automated & no human intervention. To reduce the water usage for cleaning the platform and other parts The mechanism includes additional storage tank of 30lts capacity having a control valve in the outlet pipe. This storage tank inlet is connected to the existing outlet of present system. As train approaches station the speed of train is slowed down to 25 Km/hr. The mechanism actuates the motor then closes the control valve which is fixed in the outlet pipe of the additional storage tank. So during the halt period of train at the station the place is protected from unhygienic environment. When the train departs from the station and attains 30Km/hr speed, the mechanism actuates again and opens the control valve there by sanitary system continues to work. Results and Conclusions 1. The Railway platform is maintained clean, healthy and hygienic from Sanitation at no cost. 2. The man power employed is less for maintaining the bogie cleaning and toilet compartment. 3. Wastage of water is reduced. 4. Self Automated, no human intervention hence high reliability on the system. 67. EFFECT OF MATRIX AND COMPOSITE CURING TIME ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ARECA COMPOSITES AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : Mr. SRINIVASA C V STUDENTS : ANIL S.G ASHISH J JAEETHENDRA H.J SANTHOSH T New products have been introduced in order to replace material such as metals, cement etc that are very heavy, and corrosive and less environment friendly. The use of natural fibers for technical composite applications has recently been the subject of intensive st Series : SPP : KSCST :

85 research. Many automotive components are already produced by using natural composites The present work focuses on investigating the Effect of Matrix and Composite Curing Time on Mechanical Behaviour of Areca Composites. Objectives The primary goal of this research project is to develop a mechanics-based experimental approach to estimate the elastic properties of random orientated areca composites. The specific objectives of this project are to: Understand the effects of chemical treatment on mechanical behavior of areca fibers composites. To study the physical and chemical composition of areca fibers. To study the behavior of Areca Urea formaldehyde, Areca- Melamine Urea formaldehyde and Areca-Epoxy-LY556 composites under different mechanical loads by using experimental methods. Quantify key variables to contribute for optimum mechanical behavior of areca composites under different loading conditions. To develop a product(furniture, table, desk ete) from areca fibers composite 1. The mesocarp (fibrous husk) were kept in water for a period of 7 days, then the fibers were separated from husk manually and dried at room temperature for a period of 15 days to remove the moisture content. 2. The areca fibers were chemically treated to improve the mechanical properties using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). 3. The fibers are washed with few drop of acetic acid and distilled water. The washed fibers were dried for a period of 7 days at room temperature. 4. The composites were prepared with three different types of matrix systems namely urea formaldehyde, melamine urea formaldehyde and Epoxy-LY Comparative study of mechanical properties like tensile strength, compression strength; static bending strength, impact strength, and hardness has made. 6. Moisture absorption test was also carried out as natural fibers have more affinity towards moisture and results were reported. Results and Discussions 1. The mechanical properties for areca-epoxy composite observed in this study are higher compared to areca fibers reinforced with urea formaldehyde and melamine urea formaldehyde resin. 2. Areca epoxy composites are good substitute for wood based composites when strength factor is the main criteria. When cost of the composites are considered, areca-melamine urea formaldehyde composites are best suited for the replacement of other natural fibers composites 3. As the composite curing time increases the composite becomes more brittle, this in turn increases the impact strength of the composite. 4. Replacement of glass fibers by natural fibers as the reinforcing component in thermoplastic composites is the distinctive improvement in crash behavior. 5. Reinforcement of natural fibers are safer than glass fiber parts. 6. The results suggest that areca composite is a good substitute for natural fibers like banana, cotton, coir, sisal, jute etc and even for wood composites, motivated by potential advantages of weight saving, lower raw material price 7. Areca fiber has a very promising future in the composite industry. Scope for the Future Work 1. The current work can be continued by using high quality resin systems to arrive at optimum mechanical properties. 2. The present work limits fiber loading in matrix systems to about 60% by weight of fiber. 3. This work can be further proceeded by increasing the fiber volume fraction by the use of new composite processing technique. 4. The present work can be continued by blending the Areca fibers with other natural fibers. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

86 ARCHITECTURE 68. CASE STUDY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR JUVENILE CORRECTIONAL FACILITY APPLICABLE IN KARNATAKA STATE as damaging, aggressive behavior, territorial expression, and posturing for dominance and attention. A survey was conducted considering the following dimensions: 1. Study of various Juvenile Correctional Facilities in the country. COLLEGE GUIDE STUDENT : MANIPAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANIPAL : PROF. R.P. DESHMUKH. : PALLAVI. C. NATH 2. Inmate and staff safety 3. Degree of necessary surveillance Juveniles account for one fifth of the world s population and have been on an increasing trend. Juvenile crime and punishments comprise approximately one quarter of all violent crimes committed each year. Bangalore is found be the fifth city recording the highest crime rate and accounts for 9.2 per cent of crimes in the country. It is essential that the criminal traits in youngster are timely curbed, so that they do not turn in to habitual offenders in their forthcoming life and become worthy citizens of tomorrow. It is with this view in mind that the problem of juvenile delinquency is presently being handled in India with great significance. This project is a step forward in this direction. Objectives The objective of the project is as follows: To understand the needs of a juvenile correctional facility in order to create an environment that helps reform the delinquent juveniles. To evolve a design model that offers congenial environment to the offenders and plays an important in the correctional efforts of the mind set. To evolve parameters to be adopted by the designers in various parts of the State to establish similar and effective design typology. To design a correctional facility that has provides familiar and comfortable surroundings that contribute to smooth operations by minimizing negative resident responses such 4. Study of juvenile problems vis- a- vis community. 5. Level of staff skills and training 6. Type and quality of support facilities 7. Proximity to outside services 8. Community concerns and involvement 9. Understand alternatives to make the juveniles better citizens. Case studies were undertaken at the following correctional facilities: 1. State Juvenile Home for Boys, Hosur Road, Bangalore. 2. Prayas Observation Home for Boys, Feroz Shah Kotla, Delhi Gate,Delhi Juvenile home, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. 4. Questionnaire: A data collection instrument was prepared, validated and tested prior to full-scale data collection. Quantitative and qualitative analysis The space required for each space in the facility was calculated based on the standards and the observations made from the case studies. Conclusion and Application The proposed correctional facility has been designed with an inmate capacity of 80 children- 60 boys and 20 girls st Series : SPP : KSCST :

87 The facility has staff quarters, court complex with legal aid cell within the campus. electromagnetic coil which pulls the piston up and down effecting the cranking of the spindle affecting the axle to rotate to move the vehicle ahead. The starting momentum is achieved by DC motor and after reaching a momentum, will continue to move / rotate by the cranking due to electromagnetic coils energizing. This principle has certain advantage when compared to diesel or a petrol engine. Advantages Figure. Image showing the overall layout of different components in the correctional facility. Scope for future work The correctional facility has been designed in such a way that people will be proud of it as a building typology. The facility provides a therapeutic environment which leads to the creation of a positive resident response and also encourages cooperation with the staff and participation in goal-directed activities. The facility has been designed keeping in mind the local typology and the arrangement of the buildings, circulation within the facility is dictated by the linearity of the site. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 69. MAGNETIC PROPULSION CAR COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. A. K. SHIRALKAR STUDENTS : DEEPA RAIKAR VINAY R. MATHAD MOHD. SHAKIB KALKUNDRI AZARKHAN MOKASHI EZEKIEL SAMUEL The project group has taken a step to use principle namely the maglev principle in an IC engine with some modification to run an engine and to acquire a certain speed which is done by diesel or a petrol engine. In this project the group uses Virtually no wear. Main cause of mechanical wear is friction, magnetic levitation requires less contact, and hence no friction. Components normally subjected to mechanical wear are on the whole replaced by electronic components which do not suffer any wear. Without using any fossil fuels. Pollution free environment Simple in design. Conclusion The application of some heavy magnetized electromagnet achieved desired reciprocating motion which in turn completely revolutionizes the whole automobile industry. 70. AN ON-LINE PRE-PAID ENERGY METER COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : DR. VISHWANATH HEGDE STUDENTS : MANISH SHUKLA PRAMOD R. NAIK PRASANTH BABU PREETHISH Indian power sector is facing serious problem of lean revenue collection as against energy supplied due to energy thefts and network losses. All the steps taken so far, regarding the improvement of the revenue collection did not yield satisfactory results. It is reported that the most faulty sub system is the metering and meter reading system. The traditional billing systems are discrete, inaccurate, costly, slow, and lack flexibility as well as reliability. Therefore, several attempts were made to automate the billing systems. Even though accurate and fast readings are obtained, bill payment is still performed based on the old billing procedure. They require an individual/agent to physically come and take down the readings and report to house hold/office the amount one has to pay. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

88 Objective Scope For Improvement To understand, analyze, design and develop an on line pre-paid energy meter which provides both the suppliers and the consumers with better services regarding meter billing and payment. This system will accept the number of units recharged by the concerned department person, counts the number of units consumed by the customer and as soon as the customer exceeds the recharged amount, it will disconnect the power supply to the customer until the next recharge. The system can be made user friendly by using smart card technology. Bluetooth technology can be used for meter reading in wireless system. 71. TOUCHLESS INTERFACE ENVIRONMENT COLLEGE : BAHUBALI COLLEGE OF, SHRAVANABELAGOLA GUIDE : MAHAVEER ALAPPANAVAR STUDENTS : MADHU SUDHAN H POOJA M NELUVIGI RAMESH S BALOLADAR SAMEENA MATEEN Block diagram of on line pre paid energy meter Whenever the number of units in microcontroller becomes zero microcontroller sends a signal to Contact Maker /Breaker circuit which is nothing but the relay and this relay cuts off the power supply to the consumer until next recharge. Conclusions An attempt is made to develop a system, which interfaced with static electronic energy meter and works as an online prepaid energy meter. The consumers and the suppliers can be benefited by using the online prepaid energy meter in the following ways This system is of great advantage for the electricity department. It can be utilized effectively for preventing power theft, nonpayment of electricity bills etc. Billing system can be centralized. The majority of human-computer interaction (HCI) is based on mechanical devices such as keyboards, mousse, joysticks or gamepads. In recent years there has been a growing interest in methods based on computational vision due to its ability to recognize human gestures in a natural way. Hand gesture recognition for computer control is a popular research topic in computer vision. Approaches to recognizing hand gestures have usually been divided into two types: model-based and viewbased approaches. Model-based approaches use a 3D hand model for tracking. Objectives To build an interface to control computer system without touching any device just by hand gestures in mid air. In this system used a desktop (or laptop) and web cam. This technology can be achieved by a software unit called TIE (Touchless Interface Environment). The whole unit is built on an open source platform with.net language for coding. The gesture recognition system recognizes fundamental static hand gestures st Series : SPP : KSCST :

89 and variations of gestures. The Win32 API is utilized to perform the desired actions. The system consists of a six-stage process. 1. It starts by taking a video stream input and finishes by transforming it into desktop actions as dictated by the user. The system architecture is composed of a six-stage process. 2. Color space Conversion : Each frame is stored in a word aligned structure contain the red, green, and blue color components. The frame is processed pixel-by-pixel converting each RGB frame to HSV color space. 3. Image Thresholding: Using the user-adjustable parameters of hue, saturation, and value bounds, pixels are converted to two colors, black or white. 4. Feature Vector Generation: During this stage, the output of the thresholding function is simultaneously used (not in parallel) to create a feature vector and track the object. 5. Microstate Assignment: The microstate is created from the Hu invariant moments and the object s rotation. 6. Action Engine: The action engine is composed to two parts: macrostate assignment and execution. The macrostate determines the actions to be executed by the software. Execution of the decision follows using the Win32 API. Results and Conclusions The system performs in real time using low-cost commercial off the shelf (COTS) camera equipment in windows platform. Direct X has been used for object extraction and tracking. The system can discriminate each frame through shape analysis via Hue invariant moments. Gestures can be interpreted, but not executed, by the computer at a user s wish. The system also provides video displaying a track of the hand, the current gesture, and system performance. 72. "EGBMAC" - EMBEDDED GSM BASED MONITOR AND CONTROL COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : SWETHA.B STUDENTS : GAYATHRI.R SHAMEEMRAJ.M.NADAF SHANTHALA.M.K YUVARAJA.G.K This project is designed to monitor and control different devices attached to the project from a remote environment using extensive GSM technology for communication purposes and microcontroller for device control. The highlights of this system are the long range of communication and four bit password security. The device monitoring is done by placing a phone call, controlling and acknowledgement is done through sms codes between the access number and the authenticated user. Objective To design an electronic system that can either monitor or control a Device using GSM Technology. EGBMAC provides the user, the freedom roam about and still have the control over the device and can also get information about the device status by making a call to the GSM modem. 1. Design of the electronic circuits and verification 2. Identification of suitable components (performance v/s price) 3. Circuit assembly and interconnections using 8051 Development board 4. Circuit testing 5. Programming and debugging 6. Final verification Software Logic EGBMAC can perform Power Status Monitoring, Voltage Monitoring by means of ADC0804, Device Control and Device Monitor by means of the SMS service of GSM Technology, User Mobile number alteration by password Authentication. To achieve these entire functionality 8051 assembly language program is written in Atmel AT89C51 microcontroller. Operation The software accepts and stores the user number in GSM modem memory when entered after four password authentication. When the power is switched on the execution of software enters the SMS and Call 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

90 reception Routine. If a call from the User number arrives then that call is hung up and a SMS containing the information about device status and Voltage being monitored is sent to the User Handset or else if the user sends an SMS to control the device then the action corresponding to the SMS is performed and an Acknowledgement SMS containing the device status is sent to the User Handset. Result and Conclusion The EGBMAC makes use of the ubiquitous GSM technology by which it empowers the user to exhibit control over the device from the remote destinations. The user has the freedom to move about and still have the control over the device and can also get information about the device status by making a call to the GSM modem. The Desired Mobile number can be stored on to the GSM Modem and hence user has the liberty to change his/her mobile number. Scope For Future Work The EGBMAC can be further enhanced by Extending the number of users By incorporating the Microcontrollers which can support CAN, I2C, SPI, PWM outputs EGBMAC unit will be able to interact, communicate and control other devices at a single stretch. 73. ROBOTIC FIRE FIGHTER COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : PROF. ASHALATHA STUDENTS : GURURAJ. K.B VASANTHKUMAR.V.M PRIYANKA.L.V KAVITHA.S.S Whenever there is a fire outburst in the locality, try to extinguish it by ourselves and if not possible to extinguish, call for help from fire service station. If the outburst occurs in places where human activity is less, it becomes tedious to extinguish the fire. Hence it needs an automatic machine that detects the fire in its vicinity and tries to extinguish it and informes the concerned person. The "Robotic Fire Fighter" is a simple robot that does the function. Objective To design an automatic machine (Robot) that detects the fire in its vicinity and tries to extinguish it and in the meanwhile it also intimates the concerned person. 1. Design of the electronic circuits. 2. Identification of suitable components (performance v/s price). 3. Circuit assembly and interconnections. 4. Circuit testing and verification. 5. Programming and debugging. 6. Final verification. Result and Conclusion The project makes use of stepper motor interfaced with the Microcontroller which generates the signals based on type of enabled sensor.the demonstration was tested by using LDR'S as sensing devices, but using flame sensors we can extend the same for long distance. Scope For Future Work Instead of LDR's (Light Dependent Resister), expensive digital flame sensors having long range fire/flame detection can be incorporated in to the system in order to increase the efficiency of the system. Apart from the flame sensors electromechanical valves can be used to spray fire extinguishing elements. 74. AUTOMATIC MICROCONTROLLER BASED E-AGRICARE COLLEGE : GM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDES : JAGADEESHA S. MANJULA B.K STUDENTS : ARUN ANDANI NISSAR AHMED SANTHOSH GUJJAR SYED MAAZ PEERAN The basic requirement of agriculture activity is a irrigation. In regular irrigation there will be a wastage of water about 40% because some of plants does not require much of water and some plants may require still more. This problem can be solved by using a technique of sensing actual moisture level of the soil and according to the condition pump can be controlled st Series : SPP : KSCST :

91 The sensors which are inserted in to the soil absorb the level of moisture and in a driving stage this is further improved and fed to a microcontroller. Objective According to the moisture level of the soil there is a change in conductivity between two probes. So the microcontroller is designed in such way that as the moisture level develops between probes reach a normal or abnormal values. The output of microcontroller triggers the pump to irrigate the fields. The microcontroller also receives a logical signal of the pump condition depends upon its temperature. During dry running (without water) the temperature of the pump would increase. Microcontroller of the system play very pivotal role in on and off. the system is controlling wild animals to entering into a field by providing mild shock through the fence but it should not be harmful for the wild animal and also to human beings. Any theft condition of the pump will be indicated with a wireless link. A special kind of sensor is provided below the pump to control the theft. As the receiver is fixed at farmers house so that, as it receives a switching signal, an alarm generator generates an alarm and an indication LED indicates the status. Future Enhancements Pump protection against abnormal voltage. Usage of solenoid system to avoid the use of many pumps. Solar power attachment. Conclusion It concluded that it is best suitable for farmers to use in agriculture field. This project automatically switches the pump and irrigates water to the field and automatically controls the various kinds of pests. Wild animal s entry can be avoided by using fencing system and motor theft. 75. PARTIALLY ASSISTED AUTOMATION FOR FORMATION OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. VEENA V. DESAI STUDENTS : NAGARAJ G. RAMANAGOUDAR NIKHILKUMAR A. JAIN SHAILESH S. BENAKE VISHWANATH N. KAMATH By using an electronic method pesticides control can be controlled by generating an ultrasonic frequency and radiate these frequencies in field by a transducer of piezo electric. Another feature of Nanotechnology refers to a field of applied science and technology whose theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, generally 100 nanometers or smaller, and the fabrication of devices or materials that lie within that size range. While benefits of nanotechnology are widely publicized, the discussion of the potential effects of their widespread use in the consumer and industrial products are just beginning to emerge. The formation of metallic nanoparticle solution is already being employed in many sectors of science. The nanoparticles are used to manufacture water soluble, non-toxic gold nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanochains and nanorods in various sizes to help 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

92 researchers towards the development of new imaging and therapy nanomedicine products. It is also used in the production of antimicrobial textiles for commercial applications in the health and hygiene industry. Objective The objective of the project is to design an automated system for industrial application which does the following things when some parameters are satisfied. 1. The solution in the beaker is heated using the magnetic stirrer and heater. 2. The temperature of the apparatus is monitored by temperature sensor. 3. After reaching the desired temperature of 100º pipette out the stabilizing agents in proper ratio. 4. The pipetted solution is released into the main apparatus. 5. The solution is continuously stirred resulting in the formation of Nano particle solution. It has initiated the heater to start heating the solution by using a clip switch. The solution is heated for a definite time till it is observed to attain the desired temperature. Once the temperature is attained the timer activates the valves to pipette the solution into the main beaker from the other two beakers placed at the adjoining side of the main beaker. After the solution is pipette, the PIC microcontroller signals the stirrer to stir the solution in the beaker. The stirrer stirs the solution till the solution turns into required solution. This completes one complete cycle. This procedure continues for every solution to be prepared. Conclusion This model can be used to prepare any amount of nanoparticle solution just by varying the resistance in the circuit. Hence this model finds application not only in this company but it can also be used in paint industry, pharmaceutical industry and where such procedure is used for making their respective products, where in two solutions of the varying quantity have to be mixed to form a single solution, required for their application. Different applications require different operating temperatures, and also the quantity of solution to be pipette. These values depend on the resistance value. This model is completely cost efficient and easy to install and use. The main advantage of this model is that it reduces human errors. 76. MONITORING THE DIAGNOSTIC MESSAGES ON A CAN NETWORK COLLEGE : SJB INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENGERI, BANGALORE GUIDES : CHANDRAPPA.D.N JOSEPH LEVERAJ.A STUDENTS : KAVITHA.R LAKSHMIDEVI.T.R The main purpose of this project is to exchange information between two control units. Controller Area Network is a protocol which is used very widely in the automotive domain. This project perform three types of communications like serial communication between PC and level shifter, SPI communication between atmega16l microcontroller and MCP2515, CAN communication between CAN infineon node and CAN bus. The primary reason for designing this device is to reduce man power and time consumption. Objective The main purpose of the project is to exchange information between two control units. Any CAR has various accessories such as Power windows, Power steering, Engine control, Mirror control, Wipers. These nodes are connected together and the information between these nodes is exchanged through CAN Protocol. 1. Define task: To create a system which allows the exchange of information between two control units through CAN bus. 2. Solution: CAN infineon node is used to monitor the transmission and reception of messages between two control units. CAN bus is used to exchange the information between two control units. 3. Designing solution: Listing down the required components and necessary equipments for each unit and design an abstract model with basic units. 4. Building circuit: An actual circuit diagram by connecting all the components resulting in a working model. 5. Write the control program: As the project involves a CAN working as a control unit to control different units, a code is written to control the whole system and make it work as required. 6. Test and Debug: The model is working as per the designed requirements and debugging the errors st Series : SPP : KSCST :

93 matching technique [2], frame-based approach [3] and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) technique [4, 5]. Among these DTW is considered to be more efficient for comparison and retrieval. Hence DTW technique has been implemented in this system. The developed system allows the user to simply hum the tune into a computer microphone, and the system searches through a database of songs for melodies containing the tune and returns a ranked list of search results. The user can then find the desired song by listening to the results. Conclusions CAN provides an inexpensive, durable network that helps multiple CAN devices communicate with one another. An advantage is that electronic control units (ECUs) can have a single CAN interface rather than analog and digital inputs to every device in the system. This decreases overall cost and weight in automobiles. Each of the devices on the network has a CAN controller chip and is therefore intelligent. All devices on the network see all transmitted messages. Each device can decide if a message is relevant or if it should be filtered. In addition, every message has a priority, so if two nodes try to send messages simultaneously, the one with the higher priority gets transmitted and the one with the lower priority gets postponed. INFORMATION SCIENCE AND 77. MELODY INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : MRS. MYNA A.N STUDENTS : CHAITRA V SHWETHA M M SMITHA K S VINANTHI K B Music Retrieval is a field of rapidly growing commercial interest. Melody Information Retrieval System is used to search large collections of music, to retrieve a desired song by humming or singing a part of the song which the user may have lingering in his head for many days but doesn t know where he heard it or which song it is from. There are several techniques proposed for retrieving songs based on singing or humming. Some of them are autocorrelation [1], UDS string The main advantage is that a user can search for songs by humming the tune of the song, rather than by specifying their file names, which may be irrelevant to any of the song s details. The search is designed with some amount of tolerance to possible errors that may be introduced due to inexact query specification, pitch tracking errors, etc. Objectives To develop a system that, Accepts real-time inputs. Implements searching based on singing, humming. Finds correspondences in a collection of songs with the input tune without any specific instruction for style or articulation. Minimizes user errors and uses DTW (Dynamic Time Warping) technique efficiently for the retrieval of top matching songs. Melody Information Retrieval system is designed as a five-stage framework comprising of Preprocessing (of input tune) Melody Processing (of reference directory) Pitch Extraction and Normalization Matching Engine Rank list Results and conclusion The system is tested with 50 inputs from 6 different users. The results are favourable and validation ws also done. Scope for future work To the obtained rank list, applying more robust technique that retrieves single song which exactly matches the input query. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

94 To build a reliable and an efficient large-scale system that searches thousands of songs and responds in seconds. The search time can be reduced by using indexed files. 16f877 that performs amplification, analog to digital conversion of the input data and serial transmission is used. The pulse rate and temperature are displayed on a 16 x 2 alphanumeric liquid crystal display (LCD). Transmitter block diagram: To make the system capable of accepting other types of inputs such as whistling or tapping a part of a song. INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 78. HUMAN BODY PARAMETERS MEASURING DEVICE COLLEGE : DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : MR.SANTHOSH.K.V STUDENTS : DEEPIKA.M LATHA.M.V PREETHI.B.R Receiver block diagram: This instrument makes use of simple, readily available electronic components such as Piezoelectric sensor and LM35 temperature sensor. As the name depicts, it is used for human body pulse rate and body temperature measurement as a portable wireless device. This is essential where continuous monitoring of pulse rate and body temperature is required. Source for the measurand is human body which generates the parameters required. The physical parameters are converted into electrical parameter using signal-conditioning circuits and to display the same. To accomplish this, a piezo-electric sensor and temperature sensor, comparator, PIC micro controller, LCD displays and transmitter and receiver pair are required. Using RF transmitter and receiver pair the data can be displayed in the remote area. The piezo-electric sensor produces an output voltage variation whenever there is a pulse at its input, the no of times the voltage variation occurs for a minute gives the pulse rate. The temperature sensor (LM35) whose output voltage is proportional to the absolute temperature in degree Celsius with a power supply of +5v is used for measuring body temperature. A transmitter and receiver pair operating at a frequency of MHz, a PIC Micro controller 45 Result 40 graphs O/P of LM35 (mv) 25 temperature actual temperature ( C) st Series : SPP : KSCST :

95 PULSES SENSED BY SENSOR RESPONSE OF SENSOR ACTUAL PULSES analysis is a powerful tool to access autonomic function in both health and disease. This study is conducted with a goal to Obtain time and frequency parameters of HRV for the data taken from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database using LABVIEW. Test the significance of the obtained results using analysis of variance. Train the SVM using the obtained data. Predict the respective classes for the testing data. MEDICAL ELECTRONICS 79. HEART RATE VARIABILITY BASED ARRHYTHMIA CLASSIFICATION USING SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES COLLEGE : BMS COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDES : DR. N. PRACHAN MRS. VIJAYALAKSHMI K. STUDENTS : BHARATHI K. N. PRIYA K. CHANDRA SAVITHA V. S. SWATHI SURESH G. This project uses an arrhythmia classification algorithm comprising of four steps of preprocessing, feature extraction, analysis of variance based feature reduction and Support Vector Machine based arrhythmia classification. The proposed SVM classifier is being trained for four classes using the reduced features and tested for the remaining features. This shows satisfactory performances in discriminating four types of arrhythmia, namely normal sinus rhythm (NSR-20 segments), Atrial fibrillation, Ventricular fibrillation and Premature Ventricular Contraction. Conclusion It is proposed a SVM based arrhythmia classification algorithm which provided a new approach to the problem of pattern recognition. In electrocardiogram (ECG), a record of the biopotentials is associated with the contractions of the heart muscle. A description of some of the common types of signals that can be derived from the ECG is also presented. Arrhythmias are life-threatening medical emergencies that can cause cardiac arrest and sudden death. It is a group of conditions in which the electrical activity of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. Objective The objective of the study is to classify arrhythmias using support vector machines based on feabures of Heart Rate variability analysis (HRV). HRV The pattern Heart Rate variability along with SVM provided a unique method to classify Arrhythmias. It has achieved an overall accuracy of 96.5% for the total of four features in the time domain. The results showed that the proposed method is effective for classification of cardiac arrhythmia, with acceptable high accuracy. It is evident that the combination of the linear and nonlinear features together with the employed classifier is very effective. The main advantage of this method compared to other approaches in the literature is that it is completely based on RR-interval signal which can be extracted with high accuracy even for noisy or complicated ECG recordings, while the extraction of all other type of ECG analysis is seriously affected by noise. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

96 TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY 80. DEVELOPMENT OF KNITTED AND WOVEN FABRICS AND GARMENTS USING BAMBOO FIBRES Results and Conclusions The bamboo yarn can be easily converted into woven and knitted fabrics. During weaving and knitting, the yarn performance was good. Both woven and knitted fabrics can be converted into garments without much difficulty. The appearance and performance of these garments are very good. COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTUTUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANAGERE GUIDE : PROF. J S MURALIDHARA STUDENTS : ANUPAMA H B SINDHU K M SONAL RAJ RAGHAVENDRA T V 81. EXTRACTION OF SILK SERICIN FROM DEGUMMING WASTEWATER AND ITS REUTILIZATION IN BIOMEDICAL FIELD Bamboo is highly renewable grass variety and is more eco-friendly due to its biodegradability. The thickness and whiteness degree of bamboo fiber is similar to that of a classic viscose fiber. Bamboo can be spun pure or can be blended with other materials like cotton, hemp, silk, glycol etc. and garments like sweaters, bath suits, mats etc. can be made with it. Objectives Development of bamboo yarn to woven and knitted fabrics, studying their properties and converting these fabrics into garments. Materials and Methods Bamboo yarn was procured and tested for relevant parameters like count, tenacity, Tpcm, elongation etc. Bamboo yarn was wound on to prins to use as weft and cotton polyester yarn as warp and plain fabric was woven. Also, 100% bamboo yarn was used to produce single jersey knitted fabric. Both woven fabric and knitted fabric were subjected to scouring and bleaching. At the end, the mixture of soda ash and caustic soda was used a fixing agent and the materials were finally washed. The knitted fabric was tested for counts per cm, wales per cm, stitch density, course length, loop length, weight etc. The woven fabric was tested for ends per cm, picks per cm, warp cover, weft cover, crimp%, thickness, weight etc. and the results were tabulated. COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANAGERE GUIDE : DR. K MURUGESH BABU STUDENTS : ATHIKH S A KAVERI A J MUJEVARU RAFI NANDINI S B Sericin is a valuable protein, which acts as a glue to fix fibroin fibre together in cocoon. It will be removed as waste, before dyeing and finishing. It still contains valuable protein, and has properties like anti-oxidation, antibacterial, UV resistant, absorb and release of moisture etc. The constituent of sericin is about 20-30% of the total weight of cocoon. Most of the sericin is removed during degumming and is discarded as wastewater, which also increases the treatment cost in addition to the loss of such a rich proteinous material. This sericin can be recovered and can be used for various biomedical and tissue engineering applications Objectives To carryout degumming of silk with various techniques, followed by extraction of sericin from degumming wastewater by dialysis and centrifugation methods. Also to convert the extracted sericin from liquid state to powder, gel, film etc. forms and to characterize these products. The degumming of cocoons was carriedout by using soap (various types) and also the hot water, and the st Series : SPP : KSCST :

97 degummed wastewater was used for extraction of sericin. The degummed wastewater was subjected to dialysis to separate the low molecular weight degumming product from high molecular weight product through semi-permeable membrane with circulated distilled water and constant stirring. The heavier portion remained inside the bag. Alternately, this can be achieved by centrifugation. The dialyzed protein sample was subjected to aeration for 120 minutes, to remove the water content present in the dialysis bag. After that, the protein obtained was dried in an oven at 55 o C for 10 minutes and the product was ground to get fine powder. The sericin content obtained above was tested for Nitrogen content, and also subjected to UV absorption Spectra and microscopic examination Results and Conclusions The degumming of cocoon using baby soap degumming method has yielded more sericin content. The sericin powder obtained by baby soap degumming has shown better properties against UV protection, which suggests that it can be used in skin therapy effectively. Also, it is found to give fine and uniform crystals. * ~ * ~ * 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

98 EXHIBITION PROJECTS BIOMEDICAL 82. BLOOD OXYGENATOR (DEMO HEART-LUNG MACHINE) COLLEGE : K.L.E. SOCIETY S COLLEGE OF & TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. ALOK PRASAD STUDENTS : DAIVRATNA M. SHAH MAHALAKSHMI JAGANNATHAN SHILPA P. SEKHAR body. Body temperature drops, slowing metabolism and lessening demand for oxygen. After surgery the body must be rewarmed. Conclusion After completing this project the team concluded that the blood oxygenator can perform oxygenation of blood and circulation of blood in whole body. The blood oxygenator works efficiently and thus the working instrument can perform task easily. The blood oxygenator (widely known as heart-lung machine) is a device used during open heart surgery to perform the heart s function. It forms a part of an apparatus called the heart lung machine which performs the combined functions of the heart and lungs. To function, the heart-lung machine must be connected to the patient in a way that allows blood to be removed, processed, and returned to the body. Therefore, it requires two hook-ups. One is to a large artery where fresh blood can be pumped back into the body. The other is to a major vein where used blood can be removed from the body and passed through the machine. In addition, the machine requires a cooling system for cooling of the blood (28ºC). The system mainly consists of the following parts: 1. Temperature sensor 2. Square Wave generator 3. Buffer 4. Logic circuit drive 5. The logic circuit 6. Cooling fans 7. Submersible valves 8. Cooling chamber 9. Regulated power supply In bypass surgery, the heart is flooded with cold fluids rich in potassium, an ion that arrests muscle contractions. The patient's blood is then rerouted into a heart-lung machine. There, it is forced over cheese cloth-like membranes of porous plastic, through which oxygen percolates. The blood is also cooled to about 82º F, then pumped back into the 83. FOOT TO KNEE MASSAGER COLLEGE : K.L.E. SOCIETY S COLLEGE OF & TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. RAVIRAJ HAVALDAR STUDENTS : SOUMYA M.S. SALMA SOUDAGAR SHRUTI RAYAJI PREETI DORA The block diagram shows the instrument designed and implemented POWER SUPPLY 1. Switching circuit components: Preset, Optocouplers and Relays 2. Microcontroller circuit components: LCD Display, Pull up resistors, Crystal oscillator. 3. Mechanical components : Motor, Dry-liner, Piston, Piston Ring, Connecting Rod and Shaft. SWITCHING CIRCUIT MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT BOARD LCD DISPLAY A) Power supply unit MOTOR PISTON AND DRY CUFFS Step-down Transformer: The conventional supply, which is generally available to the user, is 230V AC. It is necessary to step down the mains supply to the desired level. This is achieved by using suitably rated st Series : SPP : KSCST :

99 step-down transformer. While designing the power supply it is necessary to go for higher rating transformer than the required one. There are three reasons for this. First reason is, across the secondary winding of the transformer there is no guarantee of getting the equal voltages. Secondly, for proper working of the regulator IC it needs at least 2.5V more than the expected output voltage. Last reason is to compensate the power loss offered by the transformer windings and power supply circuit itself. B) Power supply for motor The 230V, 50Hz mains supply is stepped down by using a V, 5 amp step-down transformer. To convert this AC input to a pure DC, and a bridge rectifier IC is used. C) Power supply for switching circuit The 230V, 50Hz mains supply is stepped down by using a V, 1 amp step-down transformer. To convert this AC input to a pure DC, and a full wave rectifier consisting of 2 diodes i.e., IN 4007 arranged as shown in the power supply Circuit.. Switch Circuit Working The regulator IC provides 9 volts supply to the circuit. The comparator IC compares the 3 levels and drives the respective opto-coupler which drives the transistor and which in turn drives the relays. There are three stages in the switching circuit. They are the off stage; low-speed stage and the highspeed stage. The cuff is first wrapped around the foot. The air from the outlet of the sleeve passes through the connecting tube that connects the outlet of the sleeve and inlet of the cuff and inflates the cuff. Therefore in the first half cycle the cuff inflates when air is pushed in from the sleeve which in turn induces compressing force on the muscles of the foot and calf muscles. During the second half of the cycle the cuff deflates due to withdrawal of the air back into the sleeve by the action of the piston. Therefore releasing the pressure on the muscles and in turn the muscles relax. Thus the inflating and deflating action of the cuff induces compression and relaxation of the muscles providing massaging effect. Conclusion This project was developed in order to provide an instrument that can provide massaging effect to the foot and calf simultaneously and relive the pain caused due to fatigue, cramps without much manual work to be done. The most important characteristic of this instrument is the idea of using pressure as a modality to reduce pain and fatigue instead of the vibrators and heaters available in the market CIVIL 84. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MIX PROPORTIONING AND STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF PAVEMENT QUALITY AND LEAN CONCRETE WITH HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH COLLEGE : PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA GUIDE : PROF.A.B.HARWALKAR STUDENTS : VAIJANATH S. PATIL VEERABHADRAGOUDA F. PATIL VIVEKANAND. KALSHETTY YASHWANTHRAO BIRADAR In recent times, there is a demand for making concrete construction industry sustainable due to depletion of virgin materials. High volume fly ash concrete which utilizes large amount of fly ash, a waste product of thermal power plant, satisfies the requirement of a sustainable concrete. In the present work an attempt has been made to develop the mix proportions for pavement quality concrete and lean concrete. Also it is aimed to study the variations of ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound number values for high volume fly ash concrete. A total number of 280 cubes of size 150 x 150 x 150 mm and 240 prisms of size 100 x 100 x 500 mm are cast. For testing purpose 6 number of compressive strength cubes are casted for each fly ash percentage and 5 prisms flexural strength are casted for each fly ash percentage.the fly ash percentages were used are 0, 50, 60 and 70. From the limited experimental investigation carried out and it is recommended that high volume fly ash concrete is economically viable and environment friendly. Maximum compressive strength attained for HVFAC mix was 24.8Mpa for superplasticized concrete with water cement ratio of 0.43 and 50 percent replacement of cement by Fly ash. The 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

100 accelerating agent produced laitance and bleeding causing the reduction of strength values. COMPUTER SCIENCE AND 85. VOICE ENABLED BROWSER COLLEGE : BAHUBALI COLLEGE OF, SHRAVANABELAGOLA GUIDE : PROF. NIRANJAN S. K. STUDENTS : HARISH KUMAR A. R. SANTHOSH M. VISHWAS S. The voice enabled browser can be used to perform web browsing using spoken commands. It enables the user to open any website, and perform text entry. The application can execute navigational commands like Back, Forward, Refresh and Stop. However, the history pages cannot be accessed currently using voice commands. The application can be currently used to only access the internet and not for general system navigation. This application is designed specially for Mozilla Firefox internet browser and currently does not completely support other browsers like Internet Explorer. This application enables the user to open any website, and perform text entry. It can execute navigational commands. Thus it provides a hands free web navigation experience for the internet users. Objective The purpose of this project is to perform browsing through voice commands and perform functions such as go, forward, back, refresh and stop. It also performs opening a web page. The voice enabled browser can be used to perform web browsing using spoken commands. It enables the user to open any website, and perform text entry. The application can execute navigational commands like back, forward, refresh and stop. However the history pages cannot be accessed currently using voice commands. The application can be currently used to only access the internet and not for general system navigation. This application is designed specially for Mozilla Firefox internet browser and currently does not completely support other browsers. Conclusion The application developed performs browsing through voice commands such as navigational actions. Future enhancement of our application is composing . Also in medicine field it can be used in a way that it helps patients. A doctor in a remote area can communicate with the other doctor without wasting time. 86. FACE ANTHROPOMETRY IN ELECTORAL VOTING SYSTEM COLLEGE : DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITIUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : HARISH KUMAR H C STUDENTS : CHANDAN HOODE NAGADEV SHANMUKH NIRANJAN M An approach has developed an online voting system based on the principles of anthropometry using face recognition for authentication of voters. Anthropometry is the study of the measurements of body parts. It employ the Eigenfaces algorithm for providing facial authentication. This algorithm calculates Eigen vectors and their Eigen values corresponding to specific characteristics of the face and these are later used to classify voters. The voting system can be deployed on a large scale such as to make it more accessible to the voters than current voting booths. The manual work required during the whole voting process right from the registration of the voters to the counting of the votes is reduced. Objectives To develop a cost effective voting system using face recognition technology which allows the voters to exercise their vote from convenient locations which provide a better alternative to the current voting process. The purpose of Face Recognition System in electoral voting system is to authenticate a voter based on his face and to authenticate him to cast his/her vote. The features of this project include: Capturing the image of a person in a client machine. Encrypting the image. Connecting to a remote Server and transmitting the encrypted image. Decrypting the received image in the remote Server st Series : SPP : KSCST :

101 Authenticating the user. Store the vote cast by the voter. The eigenfaces approach for face recognition is summarized as follows: Collect a set of characteristic face images of the known individuals. This set should include a number of images for each person, with some variation in expression and in the lighting. Calculate the matrix L, find its eigenvectors and eigenvalues, and choose the M eigenvectors with the highest associated eigenvalues. Combine the normalized training set of images. For each known individual, calculate the class vector by averaging the eigenface pattern vectors calculated from the original images of the individual. Calculate its pattern vector If the new image is classified as a known individual, this image may be added to the original set of familiar face images, and the eigenfaces may be recalculated. This gives the opportunity to modify the face space as the system encounters more instances of known faces. Conclusion The proposed system is developed to improve the current voting system by making it more secure and fool proof. The main benefits are easy calculation of accurate information: User friendly and easy maintenance. Reduce the manual work. Future Enhancement The future commendable improvements can be in the following areas: Face detection in an image and extraction of the face. Web based implementation to provide remote access. Increasing the accuracy of the algorithm by increasing the number of images in the training set. Implementing 3D Face Recognition. 87. SYNTHESIS OF FACIAL IMAGE USING DIFFERENT ORIENTATIONS COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : GEETHA KIRAN A. STUDENTS : MADHUSUDHANA C. J. MOHAMMED AKRAM ULLA SHERIFF PURUSHOTHAM K. MANJUNATHA H. S. Face synthesis is very complex and challenging work in image processing. Face synthesis is a complex job because there is no exact method to synthesis the face of a person using his / her other facial images of different orientations. Face analysis is a technique which is used for analyzing or recognizing the facial feature. There is no need of changing an original image, only comparison work is carried out in most cases. In this method features are to be extracted and are to be processed. Synthesis is the most complex work than the analysis because analysis does nt require to change anything in given image but synthesis is a method where original image has to be processed to get required image as an output. But for any image processing method, both analysis and synthesis is needed. This project is about synthesizing facial images for the face poses in different orientation. The proposed solution is based on distance calculation method and texture mapping. The facial features are extracted and they are flipped to get frontal view. Then using distance calculation method the face template is created. Finally, the extracted and flipped features are placed on template to their proper position to get a frontal view of oriented face. Pose Variance remains a challenging problem for face recognition. Distance calculation method with texture mapping has been proposed to improve the performance of automatic face recognition system. Using this method frontal face images are generated from the multi pose variant images. Before the synthesis, feature point extraction and alignment are executed on the two or more non-frontal images. The synthesis is done using the texture mapping. This method drastically improves the CPU performance because of the texture mapping. For each non-frontal input image an output is generated which will be an approximate frontal view of the given output. The face recognition software can 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

102 achieve higher recognition rate if the inputs given are frontal rather than the non-frontal ones. It replaces many remote control for different devices and gives single point control to toggle all the devices. It also overcomes the drawback that exist in infrared technology such as blocking of signals by obstacles in the path, as this product makes use of Bluetooth. User interface developed for the cell phone is extremely user friendly and involves no complications or confusions in using it. 1. Cell phone displays the list of all devices. Options are provided to scroll and select the device, which is to be automated. Cell phone programming is done using python Programming on S60 platform. Conclusion Extraction and synthesis of facial features is the most vital part of face recognition in the field of digital image processing. The simple yet efficient distance method has been implemented for both extracting the significant facial features and to synthesize the face. This method has yielded better results with a good efficiency in terms of space, time and cost. A wider scope for future work like animation of images, forensic applications. 88. BLUECON - DEVICE CONTROL BY MOBILE BLUETOOTH COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : DR NIRANJAN N CHIPLUNKAR STUDENTS : VIJAY KUMAR PT VENKATARAMANA KAMATH U. STAVIN LAWRENCE SUNIL KUMAR K The main theme of this project is to introduce a product that can easily access all the remote home appliances via cell phone Bluetooth with the main aim to make life easy for handicapped, disabled and aged people especially. Objectives The main theme of this project is to introduce a product that can give a single point control to easily access all the remote home appliances. 2. Once the device is selected Bluetooth adapter recognizes the cell phone s Bluetooth address and gets paired up and connects to it. this makes use of several AT commands for discovering the devices,pairing and connecting. 3. Bluetooth adapter receives the signal of the corresponding device and passes it to the PICmicrocontroller via parallel port. PICmicrocontroller is programmed using Flowcode utility tool. A MCU multiprogrammer unit is used to embed the code to the PICmicrocontroller 4. PICMicrocontroller will interpret the signal and automate the corresponding device. It checks the incoming signal, recognizes the bit corresponding to that device and sets the corresponding bit high in parallel output port. 5. A relay circuit is connected to this parallel output port. It also takes the input of 230 volts, checks the line if it is high, if so it forwards the 230 volts to that corresponding device thus device gets toggled. 6. Also provided an option for the fan regulation. Similar mechanism as mentioned above is used to control the speed of the fan using cell phone. Conclusion This Product BlueCon provides an integrated solution to control all the devices. This coupled with the simplicity and elegance of PyS60 on the S60 platform gives any user a great UI. Scope for Future work 1. Reduction in size by integrating on single chip 2. Usage of timers 3. Usage of sensors st Series : SPP : KSCST :

103 89. WIRELESS SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM COLLEGE : SKSVMA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWARA GUIDE : PROF. NAGARAJ M. STUDENTS : NAGARAJ GINIWALAD LATA G. KALAKOTI VEENA B. EDA VAYYANMATH The use of mobile in many areas has become widespread over the past few years. Analyzing the facts, it can say that mobiles have become one of the basic needs of life. This project is based and is intended to use these mobiles and the internet facility along with the designed hardware to provide security for a place. Objectives To provide security using a system and a mobile by connecting IR transmitter and IR receiver at the entrance of the room. The application should send SMS to concerned person Keyboard, mouse and the whole system should be locked. The server should be started for transmitting the live video to the mobile View live video recording through a mobile. This application allows the mobile user to track the activities happening at a particular location. Take the snapshots of the video recorded through webcam in a mobile. Store these snapshots as images in the mobile. Images can be stored in different formats subjected to the particular selected format. To display the time with the image when it was captured. Conclusion The project provides best security system, with the latest and available technologies in it. It proves to be the efficient as resources like mobile, which are handy and are always with the user, are being used for the purpose. It can be run on any platform, of any make without changes being needed for separate make of different manufacturers. This package is a user friendly GUI so that the people can use it with utmost ease. The project assures to provide the most efficient and affordable security system to the society and individuals also. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS 90. INTELLIGENT TRANSFORMER FAULT MONITERING SYSTEM COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : KANTHARAJ B STUDENTS : AMBREESH N S CHETHAN N UMAR FAROOQ The existing transformer fault detection and identification done by conventional method by using relay s and circuit breakers to isolate the system. Faults include overloads, over-current, open circuit, over temperature or failure of cooling system, oil leakage, over-voltage, reduced system frequency, and external short circuits such as a short circuit created on the secondary windings. The present system will detect the fault and it never indicates the type of fault. These faults occur rapidly and it requires immediate actions by system protection devices and operators to isolate the fault and disconnect the transformer from the fault Objectives The objective of this project is to design and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor and record key operation indicators of a transformer like load current, transformer oil and ambient temperatures. The proposed online monitoring system integrates a global service mobile modem, with stand alone 89S51 microcontroller and sensor packages it is installed at the distributor transformer sight and the faults like open circuit overload line to ground and a temperature and oil leakage are identified using this embedded system. The acquired parameters are processed are recorded in the system memory. The basic task of the presented system is to implementation of GSM mobile embedded system to detect and identify the key operation like load currents, transformer oil, open circuit and ambient temperatures. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

104 TRANS- FORMER SENSING CIRCUIT MICRO CONTROLLER AT89C52 GSM MODEM Step 7: If the load detected is actually a fault, the microcontroller sends a low signal at the pin connected to the red LED and at the same time to the GSM modem through the configured output ports. The GSM modem will transmits this signal to the predefined GSM mobile via network. Step 8: The GSM mobile will receives sms which includes the data type of fault occurred in text form which is sent by GSM modem. POWER SUPPLY GSM MOBILE Step 9: It rectify the fault and press reset button. Once again the microcontroller is ready for detection of another fault and to act in accordance with the program Conclusion Figure 1. Basic block diagram. The figure 1 shows the basic block diagram of the project. It contains the transformer which is testing unit for this project, sensing circuit is a combination of relays, bridge rectifiers, capacitors, microcontroller, GSM modem and Mobile at the receiving section. The working procedure of the project is as follows: Step 1: Connect the supply points of the model to +5V, +12V and COM terminals of the regulated power supply. ±3.5V is for energizing GSM Module, +12V for the micro-controller AT89S52. The ground connections are all done to the COM terminal. And connect the transformer to the 230V supply points. Step 2: Switch ON the regulated power supply and the AC supply. Step 3: The program in the microcontroller is reset and it starts functioning from the beginning. This is ensured by the ON status of the Red LED. Step 4: Any one switch is closed to create the fault (say for open circuit). The relay will sense fault and it trips its contacts, this operation is indicative of the detection of a fault. This generates a voltage at the input terminals of microcontroller. Step 5: The voltage generated is of the order of 0 volts or few mill volts because we have used negative logic for microcontroller operation. Step 6: The program now compares the available digital value with the set reference value which is nothing but the digital equivalent of 0V d.c, considering that voltage of 0V is a fault. 1. This project practically implements transformer model and tested it in laboratory with considerably impressive results. 2. The demonstration is done for a single transformer. With slight modifications in the microprocessor programming and the hardware, this can also be used for multiple transformers. 3. The open circuit in transformer reduces the efficiency of the transformer, and may lead to excessive over heating, this will reduce the life span of transformer. 4. The overheating of the transformer is basically of sustained overloads and short circuits. Increases copper losses and the efficiency of the transformer will reduces. 5. The winding will be over heated and chances of burning out transformer is also more. The power losses will increased and efficiency of transformer will reduces 6. For good operation of the transformer, one should maintain the oil level properly. If oil level decreases means, temperature of the transformer will increase gradually and winding may burns out. 91. RFID CARD BASED INDUSTRIAL MACHINE CONTROL AND SECURITY SYSTEM COLLEGE : HIRASUGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NIDASOSHI, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. B. R. UMARANE STUDENTS : AMIT U.NESHTI MAHANTESH R.BASSAPURE SHANTANU N.DESAI GAJANAN MUCHANDI st Series : SPP : KSCST :

105 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is an object that can be attached or incorporated into a living or nonliving product. The idea presented here is a demonstration of these cards in industrial field to control different authorized machinery. Objectives RFID technology uses wireless communication in radio frequency bands to transmit data from tags to readers.it provides wireless control of devices. RFID reader antenna LCD [16 x 2] If the correct password is entered, the microcontroller sends a high output signal to the transistor, which acts a switch. When transistor receives a high signal it goes into conducting state and thus activates the relay connected to it. As the relay is activated the device connected to relay can be controlled. Conclusion RFID technology is a well developed technology and already used in asset tracking and electronic payment. 92. PIC BASED WIRELESS POWER THEFT ALERT (AUDIBLE & VISIBLE) COLLEGE : KLS S VISHWANATHRAO DESHPANDE RURAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HALIYAL GUIDES : PROF. MANJUNATHA UTTAM S. SATPUTE STUDENTS : SACHIN KUDTURKAR RENUKA CHAVALI TRUPTI NANDIKOLMATH Power theft has become hype in India. Because of this hype all Electricity Boards are running under loss. This directly affects the economy of our country. Power Theft is occurring in almost all the fields like Agriculture sector, Industrial sector Medical sector and in Domestic sector also. The Pilferage of power is done by the consumers where the terminals L1 & L2 are left open, the loads are directly tapped to the supply terminals. Card reader RS transreceiver Keypad Microcontroller unit Oscillator Machine driver Motor driver Door mechanism A input of 230v ac supply is given to the step down transformer, the transformer used is a center tap type hence the input voltage is reduced to 12v and then it is converted into dc by the help of rectifier (diodes).across the rectifier a capacitor is connected which removes the ripples from the dc component,and then the constant supply is obtained from the voltage regulators, and two voltage regulators are used 7805 &7812 which gives a supply of 5v &12v respectively and this supply is given to the required devices such as microcontroller, lcd, RS-Tran receiver. Initially the RFID card is produced to the RFID reader antenna. Then the microcontroller extracts the data from the card with the help of MAX 232 IC which acts as a communication media between microcontroller and RFID reader. Another method of pilferage of power is by connecting low rating loads(lighting, Fans etc.) to the L1 & L2 terminals but for heavy loads(water pump sets, Electric Heaters etc.) it is directly connected to the S1 & S2 terminals. The consumers will pay the bill only for low rating loads but they will escape from paying the bills for heavy loads. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

106 Objectives To design power theft alerting device using Programmable Interrupt Controller(PIC) which is both audible and visible. This circuit is capable of detecting the energymeters where the pilferage of power occurs. The circuit uses IR technology which is limited to 10 to 20 feet. The microcontroller is programmed for only eight loads in which it shows only two domestic or industrial loads would be tested. In coffee plantation, the workers will pluck the seeds and then fill in their basket. Once the basket is full they bring it to the counter and weigh it using the analog weighing scale.the person who is in charge may write the weight wrongly,since most of the workers are illiterate they can be cheated. So to avoid this it has designed a system, which weighs the seeds properly and saves to the person s id with its weight in an electronic device. Using this system the workers are not cheated. They will get correct wages. This project uses some of the software like Embedded C, Kiel Demo Version With Simulator. Portal schematic software is used for designing the circuit diagram for this project. Express PCB software is used for designing the PCB for this project. Objective The aim of the project is to automate the coffee plantation using RF card and digital weighing scale. Visual Basics is used for front Design. Daily the employee should swipe the ID card and put the weight on the digital weighing scale. Then the details will be stored in a memory. Finally it is down loaded into a PC for calculating the salary of each worker. Thus by reducing the manual work. Conclusion A prototype model of Power Theft detecting circuit was implemented practically and it reduced in the percentage of pilferage of power. Using PIC 16F 505 can easily recognize the theft occurring in any Energy Meter even for a short duration without manual inspection. This system provides most economic and wireless theft detection method. AC Adaptor Power Supply Regulator 7805 Filter Master EEPROM AT24C02 Slave EEPROM AT24C04 AT 89S52 Micro controller LCD DISPLAY LCD Drive BUZZER Buzzer driver LCD Glass Buzzer OSC RTC (DS 1307) Serial Converter (MAX232) DIGITAL DISPLAY RTC OSC Battry Backup Rf Card Reader Proximity Card Reader Proximity Card 93. AUTOMATION OF COFFEE PLANTATION USING RF CARD WITH DIGITAL WEIGHING SCALE COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : JEEVARATNAMMA K N STUDENTS : PRAVEEN S NAVEEN URS M MANJESH B C and VIVEK G 106 WEIGHING MACHINE Block diagram of Automated Coffee Weighing Machine Working principle RTC is providing the date and time, and this date and time is displayed on the LCD. When the Employee swipes the card, RF reader will read the card and 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

107 decode the card value. Decoded card value is sent to microcontroller. Microcontroller is receivies the card value, if it is valid employee ID, then controller allows to read weight from coffee weighing machine. Store employee ID with the swiped date and time in Slave memory. Connecting the machine to a PC retrieves the updating details of workers. After connecting to PC through serial port, valid password is required to retrieve the data. Upon successful entry of the password, data will be transferred from machine to PC. 94. BABY MONITORING INTENSIVE CARE UNIT COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : PROF. N. P. SREEENIVASA STUDENTS : CHETHAN P.N. BHANU PRAKASH B.G ABHISHEK PARTHA SARATHI ISHANT KUMAR An Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Critical Care Unit (CCU), Intensive Therapy Unit or Intensive Treatment Unit (ITU) is a specialized department in hospital that provides intensive care medicine. NICU is an intensive care unit created specially for sick or newborn babies that need specialized treatment because they will be developing very rapidly. An Intensive Care is given if they are born prematurely, they are sick., difficulties occur during their delivery, they show signs of a problem in the first few days Objective To provide a healthy environment for premature or ill infants by monitoring different parameters such as temperature, humidity level, oxygen level, concentration of different harmful gases and microorganism level. The external temperature and humidity level within the NICU are monitored using respective sensors. In addition, concentration of carbon monoxide, concentration of other harmful gases and oxygen levels are monitored using gas sensor which is very helpful for baby s respiration process. Temperature is maintained with the help of cooler / heater at different ranges depending on the baby s weight and health conditions. Relative humidity level is maintained within the NICU ranges from 30-60%. Oxygen concentration in the normal air is In the NICU, the relay is used to control the oxygen to the required level. The body temperature is indirectly maintained by monitoring and controlling above mentioned parameters. The other vital body conditions can be maintained in the stable state by continuously monitoring the sensor values. The above mentioned parameters are displayed graphically on the computer s monitor using visual basic. By continuously monitoring this display suitable steps may be taken to maintain a healthy environment. Conclusion Baby Monitoring Intensive Care Unit has been successfully implemented using Microcontroller ATMEGA8535. The device is very compact and fully transportable. This unit can precisely monitor the conditions surrounding the baby placed in the Incubator. (Threatening conditions like large variation in oxygen level, infection risk, extreme temperature, polluted air (harmful gases) and high humidity level). Scope For Future Work Additional devices to monitor blood pressure, body temperature, heart beat rate, salinity level, atmospheric pressure etc can be added to improve further. 95. ELECTRONIC BINOCULAR WITH X AND Y AXIS MOVEMENT WITH CAMERA COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : CHANDRASHEKAR H. K. STUDENTS : PREETHI K. V. PRIYADARSHINI MOHANTY PRIYANKA R. SWETHA B. M. The proposed system is based on ATMEL 89S52 micro controller. Software like embedded C is used for programming the application software to the microcontroller, Protel Schematic Software is used for designing the circuit diagram and Express PCB s/w is used for designing the PCB for this project. Objectives The main aim of this project is to get the accurate picture of the distant / nearer object. This is mainly used in laboratories to get the enlarged and clear picture of the objects. This can be obtained by 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

108 electronically setting the X and Y-axis of binocular, within the camera. Without these facilities in binoculars it will be difficult to capture the distant / nearer object and also don t get the required enlarged picture / object. The front end of this project is developed by VB software. Working principle The microcontroller receives this command from serial port and encoder encodes this data and the RF transmitter transmits this data. The RF receiver in the binocular side receives this signal, decodes and given to microcontroller. According to this data the lens of the binocular is adjusted horizontally or vertically. The RF camera captures the image continuously and transmits the data as RF signal. The RF video receiver in the PC side receives this signal, and then it is transferred to TV tuner card, thus by reproducing the video signals. So the user can see the objects from PC in enlarged form. Zoom commands, which is given in PC, are transmitted through serial port, which in turn sends data through RF data transmitter. CMOS logic interface to standard decoder and microprocessor ICs Vital role of RF receiver in Electronic binocular with x and y axis movement with camera is used to receive RF signal. RF Camera Transmitter : This will take the video and it will transmit in the form of radio frequency signal by using RF transmitter. RF Camera Receiver : RF Camera receives the RF signal, which is transmitted by RF Camera transmitter and will give audio and video output. Those 2 outputs are connected to TF tuner card and able to observe the image in PC, which is transmitted by RF camera. 96. INTELLIGENT AMBULANCE FOR CITY TRAFFIC POLICE COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : GOUTHAM M. A. STUDENTS : DHANANJAYA C. B. RAGHURAM K. M. SANGAMESH SHEELAANT In this project the group has used an 8 bit microcontroller which control the traffic by signaling the lights and when the ambulance approaches the signal all the lights will start blinking which indicates green signal for ambulance, when the ambulance has crossed the signal then functionalities of traffic signals will return to normal mode. Objective Ambulance detection Providing path for the ambulance. Reducing the pressure of the traffic police. 108 Block diagram of PC side Features Complete UHF receiver on a monolithic chip Frequency range 300 to 400 MHz Typical range over 200 meters with monopole antenna Data rates to 2.5 kbps (SWP), 10 kbps (fixed) Automatic tuning, no manual adjustment No filters or inductors required Low operating supply current Very low RF re-radiation at the antenna Intelligence Ambulance For City Traffic Police concept is demanding discipline and its successful implementation requires knowledge of microcontroller (AT89C52). According to this project if any ambulance at emergency comes to any traffic post the traffic signal automatically stops the signals and the siren provided at the traffic post will be activated and all the signal lights in the post will blink and provides path to the ambulance. The ambulance carries an IR transmitter and every traffic post will have an IR receiver, so whenever the ambulance comes near the traffic, the ambulance 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

109 transmit a code say obey traffic ambulance the receiver will receive the signal and check in the database of the microcontroller then it immediately switch off the signal and makes all signal blink. So by doing this the ambulance can go without any problem. Conclusion The compatibility can be changed according to the user requirement by programming the 89c52 microcontroller. The IR transmitter and IR receiver for detection of ambulance near traffic post were used. 97. INTELLIGENT CAR ACCIDENT AVOIDER USING AIR BAG COLLEGE : ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHIKMAGALUR GUIDE : DR.PARAMESHA STUDENTS : SHWETHA C.A SUMA C.P. SWATHI RANI R. VIDYA RANI K.S. The aim of this project is to device an Accident Air Bag system with the help of Microcontroller. If the vehicle is going to crash then the Microcontroller comes to know about the crash sensor so the Mechanical Air Bag System is introduced. Air Bags save thousands of lives each year. During a collision they inflate in less than a tenth of a second, protecting people from the force of striking on object at high speed. In a head on collision an air bag reduces the chances of dying by about 30%. Objectives To device a microcontroller based Accident Air Bag System. The following steps are involved (1) Analysis: The system s services, constraints and goals are established by consultation with client (2) Design: The systems design process partitions the requirements to hardware and software system. It establishes overall system architecture. Design involves representing the system Function in a form that may be transformed into one or more executable programs. (3) Implementation: During this stage, the design is realized as asset of programs and hardware units. (4) Testing: The individual hardware units and programs are tested. Then they are integrated and tested as a complete system to ensure all the requirements. than the system is delivered to customers. 98. FAULT FINDING SYSTEM FOR POWER LINES COLLEGE : B.L.D.E.A S DR.P.G.HALLAKATTI COLLEGE OF & TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR GUIDE : PROF. BAPURAY D.Y. STUDENTS : ANSARI MOHD.SAQIB SYED MAJID HUSSAIN RAJASAB D. I. GAYATHRI C. The fault is a defect which shows how something is wrong or how something does not fit in with preestablished laws or principles or how something does not fit in with some pre-defined system. If a fault or some defect occurs in any system then that system does not function properly. Therefore their should be a mechanism which can detect that fault for proper functioning of any system. So in this project the team has designed a system for finding the faults that occurs in the power lines. This system can work only on 230v single phase lines (copper lines). Objectives The objective of this system is to find two kinds of faults, that occur at domestic power line. Those faults are OPEN LINE and OVERLOADED LINE. 1. This system is used to detect 2 types of fault as mentioned in problem statement those are 1. Open line 2. Over loaded line.this open wire or open line fault occur when particular line is cut off and secondly fault called over loaded line occur if the load is more than predefined value of load. 2. Once the mains is connected to the loads, the load start to extract the current. This current is extracted with the help of current transducer HTS 10P which is connected in series with the phase of AC mains. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

110 3. In this system only 2 lines are used. These 2 different lines are connected to 2 different current transducer, the main supply is AC of 230v, this supply of 230v is made to flow first through current transducer. The current transducer gives us output as voltage signal which varies with respect to flow of current in that particular line, the signal strength will change according to load. 4. The output of CT amplified in two stages with gain of 1db and 40db using IC lm348, we indeed use non inverting Opamp which has gain which given has GAIN= 1+ Rf/Rin. 5. The amplified fed to recrifier signal convert the alternating current to direct current (half wave rectifier). 6. When the process is completed the rectified output is given to ADC The ADC converts the analog signal to digital signal by taking 250 test samples. 7. Than microcontroller will compare ADC output with the predefined values and decide whether the line is ok, open or overloaded. If it is open line or overloaded simultaneously it will display the result on LCD as line is open or overloaded. TOUCH SENSOR AMPLIFIR TRANSFORMER The system can provide faster service as soon as fault is detected Cost of each components in our system is very less so the system is economical. Using of the 8051 family IC of 89c51 we can reprogram up to times. Easy to maintain and easy to operate. The system is portable one. Scope of Future Work It can also be designed for 3 phase lines. It can be designed in such way to find exact location of fault in the power lines. The system can be further improved for auto correction after detection of the fault. 99. AUTOMATED LPG MONITORING SYSTEM COLLEGE : BAPUJI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : SHIVAKUMARA SWAMY G.M STUDENTS : ABHINAV JHA SANJEEV KUMAR CHOUBEY VASANTHA N.S VENKANNA DORA A AIR BAG DC MOTOR DRIVER MICRO CONTROLLER REGULATOR RECTIFIER FILTER RTC This project gives priority to detection of gas leakage, cuts off the main LPG supply when a leakage is detected and gives out a warning. The supply can only be resumed after a complete human inspection and correction of fault. 110 BUZZER DRIVER LCD BUZZER OSC LCD DRIVER Block Diagram Results and conclusions This project is designed so to detect faults in power lines, those are open line and overloaded line. The system is able to locate virtually all lowand high- current faults I 2 C EEPROM In addition to this safety feature this project also monitors the amount of LPG left and automatically sends a delivery request wirelessly to the supply station without any human intervention, thus making it easy for the consumer who now does not have to keep track of gas left in the cylinder. A unit at the supply station is also set up to respond to the delivery request sent by the consumer unit. Objective This project aims to provide a complete safety system / mechanism constantly monitoring the weight of LPG gas remaining in the cylinder and gas leakage if any, and also to send a wireless request to the LPG supply station when the cylinder is about to get empty. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

111 This involves the following steps: 1. Design of the electronic circuits and verification 2. Identification of suitable components ( performance v/s price ) 3. Circuit assembly and interconnections using 8051 Development board 4. Circuit testing 5. Programming and debugging 6. Final verification Hardware Necessary software is used for monitoring and communication between consumer and supply station. Result And Conclusion RF based LPG monitoring system offers unique advantage over other LPG monitoring systems. It enables reduced cost of development and fast market adoption. These devices can be quickly attached exchange information wirelessly, detach & then go to sleep mode to achieve the long battery life. It s a wireless monitoring system that meets unique needs of the home & industries applications. It saves time and requires no human attention until leakage is detected, and most important it ensures safety on a large scale. Scope For Future Work Fire sensor can also be interfaced to detect fire RF link can be used to alert fire stations in case of fire detected Water sprinkler system can be interfaced for automatic sprinkling if fire breaks out 100. AUGMENTED DIGITAL WATERMARKING COLLEGE : DR. AMBEDKAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : RAMESH S. STUDENTS : NEELA A. G. PRASHANTH RAO K. RANJEETH R. RAI Figure: Block diagram of the consumer module of RF based LPG monitoring system Operation This system consists of two different units, one is the consumer unit which monitors the weight of the LPG cylinder and checks for gas leakage and also sends request for refill wirelessly. It has a microcontroller as the main controlling unit. A gas sensor coupled with an op-amp comparator is used to detect gas leakage. A solenoid valve is used as a Gas supply regulator. LCD display is used to display gas status and delivery date. RF-modem is used to form the wireless link between the consumer and LPG supply stations. The LPG supply station also has a microcontroller as the main controlling unit, RF-modem for communication and a RS-232 serial link with the PC for displaying messages. Watermarking has been considered to be a promising solution to protect the copyright of multimedia data through transcoding, because the embedded message is always included in the data. There is no evidence that watermarking techniques can achieve the ultimate goal to retrieve the right owner information from the received data after all kinds of content-preserving manipulations. Because of the fidelity constraint, watermarks can only be embedded in a limited space in the multimedia data. There is always a biased advantage for the attacker whose target is only to get rid of the watermarks by exploiting various manipulations in the finite watermarking embedding space. A more reasonable expectation of applying watermarking techniques for copyright protection may be to consider specific application scenarios. Objective This project provides an augmented watermarking technique wherein noise is added to the watermarked image so that only the end user who has the key for embedding the watermark can both remove the noise 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

112 and watermark to get a final clear image. The recovery for different values of noise is observed. This system may be implemented as a basic digital rights management system by defining a regime of partial rights using overlaid watermarks, together with respectively added layers of noise, in which the rights of the users define the precision with which the signals may be viewed. A watermarking system is made up of a watermark embedding system and a watermark recovery system. The system also has a key which could be either a public or a secret key. The key is used to enforce security, which is prevention of unauthorized parties from manipulating or recovering the watermark. For the embedding process the inputs are the watermark, cover object and the secret or the public key. The watermark used can be text, numbers or an image. The resulting final data received is the watermarked data W. The inputs during the decoding process are the watermark is the original data, the watermarked data and the secret or the public key. The output is the recovered watermark. Conclusion This project provides an augmented watermarking scheme for signal protection in a transmission channel wherein the sent signal is notified intentionally so that only the authorized party can have access to original signal and full precision whereas other parties can receive only degraded versions of the signal. This system may be implemented as a basic digital rights management system by defining a regime of partial rights using overlaid watermarks, together with respectively added layers of noise, in which the rights of the users define the precision with which the signals may be viewed. Based on the analysis of results, the main conclusions are as follows: The decryption depends on the proper choosing of the keys for embedding the image and the noise. The image is recovered almost perfectly even in the presence of high noise DETECTION OF INFESTED MAIZE SEEDS USING SOUND PROCESSING TECHNIQUE COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. SIRDESHPANDE N. S. STUDENTS : ABHISHEK A. HONGAL ALLAMPRABHU KAMBLE AMIT KALLIMANI BHARAT D. AKIWATE People experience serious and sometimes fatal health problems following consumption of unsafe or contaminated food. The contamination may involve food borne disease or chemical hazards. Much of the grain is lost as it is attacked by insects and pests in the field and in storage. Large amount of money is lost annually in food industry due to insect damage, inefficient production and inspection process. Moisture content and temperature are the two basic reasons for growth of insects within grain. Insects eat best part of grain which contains vitamins and minerals. Many techniques have been developed to detect such infested seeds. The project team has developed a model using sound processing technique to separate infested maize seeds from viable maize seeds. The seeds are made to fall on a metal plate, sound generated is detected using a microphone which is processed using MATLAB. The output is given to a fan, which separates the infested seeds from viable seeds. Objective To detect and separate infested maize seeds from viable maize seeds. The seeds are made to fall on a metal plate one at a time. The sound signal generated is captured using a microphone. This signal is processed using matlab coding. Amplitude of signal is the major concern. Amplitude of the viable seeds is greater than 0.15 V as tested and for infested seeds amplitude is greater than 0.05V and less than 0.15V. the threshold is set to 0.15V. The amplitude is greater than the set threshold then parallel port is deactivated and the fan remains off. The good seeds gets collected on one side. If the amplitude is less than the set threshold, then parallel port is activated due to which the fan is switched on and the infested seeds are pushed so that they are collected on the other side. Conclusion This model developed is for low volume seeds and for scientific research purpose. Detected sound signal of the seeds is crystal clear by using a low cost microphone. This model can be generalized for all seeds by studying different seed characteristic with little improvement in mechanical assembly. No manual labor is required for separating infested seeds st Series : SPP : KSCST :

113 102. GESTURE CONTROLLED LOCOMOTIVE ROBOT For instance where gesture recognition is used practically, it has been interfaced a simple robot which does the four basic motions: COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. GEJJI V. P. STUDENTS : SOHANI HANCHINAMANI PRIYA TUBACHI KSHAMA NAYAK DEVASHREE KALKUNDRIKAR Forward Motion Backward motion Left rotation Right rotation Gesture recognition is human interaction with the computer in which human gestures, usually hand motions, are recognized by the computer. Recognizing gestures as input might make computers more accessible for the physically impaired and make interaction more natural. Gesture recognition is a process by which gestures made by user are made known to the system. A prototype motion processor developed allows a computer to recognize hand motions and to display them in real time on the computer s display. Proposed applications include word processing using input with hand sign languages, games and other entertainment and educational approaches in which hand motion could result in multimedia effects. The most natural form of communication in man is through gestures - visual / auditory. The aim of this project has been to control an external hardware using a computer without handling any special hardware. This is achieved by using a camera that records the gestures and feeds it to the computer, where they are classified and corresponding control command is initiated. Using MATLAB, the team has developed several alternatives that could be used for the recognition process of hand gestures. Just as an illustration to the hardware control through gestures a simple robot that can perform some basic movements like forward, backward and rotations has been demonstrated. The various algorithms presented in this project have been formulated with the aim to suggest several alternatives for the process of gesture recognition. The major advantage of using gestures is to avoid the use of other interfaces based on joysticks, track balls and data gloves. It is also able to control computerized equipments by communicating with the machine in a way similar to humans i.e., by understanding visual input. Applications Hands free function control in vehicles and aircrafts : a driver or a pilot could control an auditory or visual information display while keeping both hands on the controls. Recognizing gestures as input make computers more accessible for the physically impaired and make interaction more natural. Control and navigation in virtual environments such as smart rooms and virtual work environment. Gesture may be perceived by the environment in order to be transmitted elsewhere as a compression technique, to be reconstructed at the receiver. Conclusion The software provides a user friendly environment, wherein the user does not know the basics of image processing but it can fulfill the requirements of getting the gesture recognized, so that the corresponding specific robot motion is initiated. Hence initiating control of a motion is made possible by a user without manual handling any of the equipment or even any interaction with the PC. The code for both real and non-real still gestures and images were developed and tested successfully. The non-real time code for dynamic gesture i.e., video was developed and tested also. Overall, gesture recognition is still in its infancy and still requires the co-operation of many disciplines. In order to understand hand gestures for humans as well as a computer, a lot of research is to be done in the future in the fields of computer vision and machine learning. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

114 103. GPS AND GSM BASED VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : ANIL B. GAVADE STUDENTS : ROHAN DEVMORE SHANTANU BALUNAVAR SHARAT HEGDE SUSHANT JADHAV GPS / GSM based vehicle tracking system is designed for users in land transport businesses and in fleet management, who requires effective and efficient management of vehicles movement. It provides real-time information such as location, speed and related data of the user s moving vehicles in a concise and easy-to-read format. The system also allows for communication between a central command station and it s vehicles in relaying information on traffic condition and vehicle breakdowns. Devices used are portable and can be easily installed in all kind of vehicles or any moving objects. The design takes into consideration important factors regarding both position and data communication. Thus the project integrates location determination (GPS) and cellular (GSM) - two distinct and powerful technologies - in a single module. Objective The system described here is a design of a prototype which is very convenient to install and too easy to configure. Each system is equipped with a GPS module that receives signals from series of satellites, calculates its current geographical location and transmits to a central server where it is displayed on a high resolution geographical map. The data is transmitted instantaneously after capturing (Real Time Tracking). The proposed system is composed of a transmitter mounted in a remote vehicle and a receiver that can be situated at a base station. Using the stand-alone GPS modules, a person is able to identify his own position. Moveover the friendly achievement of a GSM module was to provide a wireless informationexchange. So it was decided to use both of features to develop the system for the vehicle tracking and emergency communication. To design this it integrated the GPS s ability to announce user s coordinates along with the GSM s function for communicating with control center in a wireless fashion. In order to monitor vehicles nearby an interest spot, each vehicle will be equipped with a GSM / GPS mobile tracker. Each tracker shall receive GPS information and sends it to the control centre. Referring to these coordinates, control center can display all of vehicle s positions on an electronic map for easily monitoring and controlling their routes. Besides the control centre can also maintain a wireless communication to update alarms, status and parameters such as speed of the vehicle PREPAID SMART CARD AND AUTOMATION FOR TOLL COLLECTION COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. (MRS.) DESHPANDE A. G. STUDENTS : WAFAA MULLA PRIYA KALMANI PRIYADARSHINI V. A. This project is an advanced system for Toll Gate automation and toll collection. The system is designed such that it automatically displays the vehicle number, checks the currency of the smart card and provides access only after verifying the validity of the smart card. The system basically consists of a set of transmitter and receiver, interfacing and processing circuit, signal generator, display circuit, motor, etc. This system automatically identifies the approaching vehicle and records the vehicle number. It then automatically opens the toll gate after electronically deducting a specific amount from the smart card. On the expiry of the validity the toll gate is not opened, thereby, denying access to the vehicle. The system is designed with an intention to reduce manpower and enhance time management. Basic block diagram of Vehicle Tracking System st Series : SPP : KSCST :

115 The system starts with a lump sum paid in advance to a permanently assigned collection agency s representative. This sum is inserted, electronically into the memory of a microwave transponder-dataprocessor, normally kept in the vehicle. As the vehicle passes suitably equipped toll collection facilities, a toll transponder receives billing information from the vehicle transponder, calculates the toll, transmits it back to the vehicle transponder where the toll is electronically subtracted from a stored balance. If the resulting balance is not negative, a pass signal is flashed. The information stored in the vehicle transponder s permanent memory includes a vehicle-owner code, a collection agent s code and a vehicle-class code. The availability of this information and the toll plus the procedure for increasing the prepaid balance makes possible a computerized and automated double entry bookkeeping and funds transfer system. The stored current balance in the vehicle transponder is always indicated by a finite numeric display. There are several wireless communication systems running in day-today life such as Radio Frequency Communication. Microwave Communication Systems, etc. In addition to these systems, a new field is emerging for wireless communication is Laser Based Communication System. The emerging importance of space-based system is matched by the maturing of laser technology to enhance military capability and increased data rates and they can be easily deployed since they are small, low power and do not require any radio interference studies. Laser technology has matured sufficiently in last decade to provide highly reliable cost effective energy efficient and wavelength flexible systems that can be applied to variety of missions such as remote sensing, optical communication, active imaging, power beaming and high energy weapons. The transmitter module uses four Sony laser diodes for voice transmission over a distance and its specifications are as follows: Modulation method : Amplitude modulation Transmission Media : Laser light Carrier Frequency : 36 to 40 khz. Conclusion The project can be implemented in Toll Automation and RTO s systems and check posts. This project can also be implemented easily in high security zones. It eliminates the toll payment stops and reduces the toll facility operating costs. This system would also reduce toll facility operating expenses, save the time and fuel, and generate less air pollution for neighbours LASER SYSTEM COLLEGE : GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. PANDURANGI B. R. STUDENTS : MANJUNATH ANGADI MAHESH PATIL VIDYADHAR KANDEKAR PRIYANK PATEL 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

116 These modules take audio information from voice recording device and perform frequency transformations and gives laser output at the transmitter side. Emitted laser light is then detected by the receiver module which once again performs frequency transformations and produces audio output. Operating range of this module is limited to some meters. Conclusion The main objective of this project is to exploit use of laser light in the communication field as an information carrier. It has implemented in audio transmission between transmitter and receiver by using laser communication system. The information travels in the form of laser light in straight direction in free space MULTI-LINGUAL SCRIPT RECOGNISER COLLEGE : KVG COLLEGE OF, SULLIA GUIDE : PROF. B. S. KEDILAYA STUDENTS : APARNA N. S ASHRITHA S CHITHRAKALA G PREETHI RAI P In multi-lingual documents the amount of multimedia data captured and stored is increasing rapidly with the advances in computer technology. Script identification is key step that arises in document image analysis especially when the environment is multi-script and multi-lingual. The salient features of this project is to design a software that can read script written in most of the INDIAN languages like Hindi, Kannada, English, etc. Usually such type of projects undergoes the OCR problem. OCR is a type of software designed to translate images of text into machine editable text. Each OCR translates text for particular language only.so for using multi-lingual text identify different scripts and extract parts of same script so as to feed into particular OCR designed for that script. In this project first the images are scanned. The image will be normalized, segmented and then feature extraction is done and those features will be fed into the neural network using a back propagation algorithm the scripts will be recognized. There are other methods in neural network like feed forward, support vector machines but back propagation is well suited. This will be the Multi-Lingual Script Recignition System. Objectives To design a software that can read script many of Indian languages. The script recognition system is composed of five phases. 1. Digitization 2. Segmentation 3. Normalization 4. Feature extraction 5. Script recognition Materials used for multi lingual script recognizer are: 1. Scanned multi-lingual image 2. MATLAB software 3. Neural network tool Details of work carried out: First a multi- lingual document is converted into a digitized image and later it is normalized. Since the line by line identification of the script is needed its further line segmented. After line segmentation each line is again normalized. After the important features of each line are extracted and then it is fed into the neural network for the recognition. Typical final output of the system is as follows: THE FIRST LINE OF THE SCRIPT IS HINDI THE SECOND LINE OF THE SCRIPT IS ENGLISH THE THIRD LINE OF THE SCRIPT IS KANNADA Conclusion Using the concepts of image processing and MAT LAB it s possible to design a system which could identify the different scripts used in a document which contain different scripts. When a multi-lingual script document is to be processed, the respective language OCR s are to be used. But this MLSR allows to feed the multi-lingual documents and helps in identifying the different scripts. Scope of future work This project is dealt with noise free images. Future system can be enhanced for noisy images st Series : SPP : KSCST :

117 In this project it deals with only three languages. Future enhancement can be made for other scripts also. This project uses monochromatic bit map images. Colored images can also be used for recognition. The car can be made to follow source of a particular sound by using some resonating circuitry or notch filters AUDIO HOMING CAR COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. NATARAJ A. VIJAPUR STUDENTS : SUNAYANA N. KANNUR ANJALI R. N. VIVEK VIKRANT SUHAS K. TELI The group has presented an extensible vehicle that is made to follow an intended source of sound using microphone for the detection of sound. Microphone can be used as the transducer. Transducer is the device that converts any real time physical quantity into electrical parameter. Embedded systems are electronic devices that incorporate microprocessors and / or microcontrollers. When using sound, the microphone detects the sound and the output of the microphone is amplified using multistage amplifier. This output is then given to the mono stable multi vibrator. The mono stable multi vibrator gives a single pulse at its output to the microcontroller corresponding to the RC charging constant. Depending upon the inputs to the microcontroller from sensors, the microcontroller decides upon the direction in which the vehicle has to turn. Objectives A device which detects the location of source of sound and moves in that direction for a predetermined distance. Automated systems like robots have become more popular for their ability to carry out specific tasks. Applications It gives new dimension to defence and reconnaissance applications. Games can be made more enjoyable. If the microphones are replaced by other kind of sensors like Laser sensors, temperature sensors can be used in different applications. Conclusion Block diagram A car follows the source of sound or IR source. This instrument has the ability to detect the source in the multiple of 90 degrees. Hence it has to be used in a silent environment. Since sound is non-directive in nature the implementation of the project on the sound is restricted only for two directions i.e., forward and backward direction BRAILLE READER AND OBSTACLE WARNING DEVICE FOR BLIND COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. UMA KULKARNI STUDENTS : ANITA V. DHANGI MEDHA M. HEGDE NEETHA C. R. PRIYA S. GADVI The project is a portable tool that reads Braille and signals close objects. It is ideal for those who are new to Braille reading. This project uses Braille sensor (a combination of six push buttons) to sense Braille characters. The sensed Braille character is identified and told to the user using speakjet / allophone and earphone. When a full word is fed character by character, it will pronounce the word. The push button design makes the project simple and affordable to blind. Since this project is targeted to blind people who didn t master the Braille reading, it assumed they are 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

118 new to the blind walking stick as well. Therefore it attached an IR sensor to detect whether there is any object close to the user, in hope to reduce the change of any unfortunate collisions. Here microcontroller is used to control the various actions. Microcontroller is programmed using C- code. In human language, a phoneme is the smallest structural unit that distinguishes meaning. Advantages It is a portable device It is affordable Helps in easy learning of Braille language. Warns the user if there is any obstacle in from of him MODEL RAILROAD AUTOMATED TRACK INSPECTION CAR COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY S COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH; BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. HANSRAJ GUHILOT STUDENTS : CHETAN KARADI SANTOSH KUMBAR SANTOSH MANTUR PRAKSH GANI Present track inspection cars are of non-electric and low-tech type relying on manual hand and eye operation. These cars can only helpful in identifying bumps or rough spots and can t help in monitoring the voltage changes in the track. Also, identifying the trouble spots with these cars is frustrating and time consuming. To overcome these, there is a need for a microcontroller powered diagnostic track inspection car. Objective To design an automated track inspection car, that identifies the voltage drops along with other track related problems. Variable Power Supply Driver/ Relay Parallel Misalignment Sensors Motor 555 Timer LCD Display AT89C51 Microcontroller IR Transmitter IR receiver Oscillator Block Diagram Conclusion The project is a means to learn Braille language for those unfortunates who accidentally turned blind, who is new to Braille language. This device also helps the user to avoid any obstacles in his path. The experimental set-up along with the essential parts of the system is shown above. The speed of the model car was controlled by varying the power supply to the motor, through relay. Whenever, the model car encounters any problem on the track, the microcontroller cuts-off the power supply to the motor, to stop the model car at that point st Series : SPP : KSCST :

119 Conclusions The automated track inspection car can be used for regular inspection of tracks, even in remote areas and tunnels. It helps in quickly find the potential causes of derailments and jerky train before operation, before they become larger problems. between the stations which are about to arrive and the stations which have passed or crossed STATION MONITORING SYSTEM COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. K. R. RASANE STUDENTS : ABHISHEK PATIL MAHESH ANIGOL PRASHANT KATTI KIRAN KUMAR The concept of microcontroller along with wireless transmitter and receiver is used in this study and the microcontroller plays a very important role in this study. The microcontroller is used for transmitting the bits to computer serially using RS232 cable and is also used for the LCD display in the bogey. The wireless transmitter and receiver is used which is RF1 transmitter-receiver with 433 Mhz frequency which can detect the information in the range of 150 mts. Move over this frequency does not interface with any of the banned frequency ranges. A LCD display is used to display the particular station. A peizo electric buzzer is proposed to be attached in the bogey and to be used to alarm the passengers planning to alight at the proposed station. Objective The group developed a unit to fit the train bogies (compartments) with the station monitoring system which can wirelessly get the information from the station masters room and can display the next coming station name in required format inside the bogey. The block diagram depicts the scenario where in the database has been transferred to the PC on the train and is ready to display. The PC will get the information about the next station announcement to be done from the RF receiver which in turn will get the information from the RF transmitter which will be placed in the station masters room. The same information is then displayed using the display module on the bogey. It proposed to use different colored LED s backlighting to distinguish A warning alarm is fitted in bogey and all the passengers are warned about the arrival of their destination. A Message announcer unit is also fitted which can announce the name of the station and be shutdown or muted in case of nights or evenings WIRELESS ENABLED ELECTRONIC HELMET FOR VEHICLE SECURITY AND LAW REINFORCEMENT COLLEGE : KLE SOCIETY'S COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BELGAUM GUIDE : PROF. HANSRAJ GUHILOT STUDENTS : AMIT SHARMA AVINEET SHARMA NATARAJ KOTAMBARI SHIVRAJ V. L. This project includes a helmet body and an integrated electronic system disposed in the helmet body. In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic system provides the user with a number of convenient functions. It is operable through a wireless control system. The components of the electronic system are sufficiently small and rugged for use in the helmet, ensuring that the helmet is lightweight and durable. Moreover, the components are spaced about the 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

120 helmet to provide even weight distribution to promote overall balance and safety. Conclusion The team successfully implements the project with an integrated electronic system disposed in the helmet body with the approach as shown in the block diagram. In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic system provides the user with a number of convenient functions. It is operable through a wireless control system. The components of the electronic system are sufficiently small and rugged for use in the helmet, ensuring that the helmet is lightweight and durable. Moreover, the components are spaced about the helmet to provide even weight distribution to promote overall balance and safety. The helmet body has a hard outer shell and a hard inner shell mounted to the outer shell such that a cavity is defined between the outer and inner shells. The inner shell includes suitable material to provide the user effective RF shielding from the electronic system. The helmet body further includes a shock absorbent structure disposed between the inner shell and the head of a user, when the helmet is worn IMPLEMENTATION OF I 2 C PROTOCOL BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER AND MEMORY DEVICES - A DATA LOGGER COLLEGE : M. V. J COLLEGE OF, BANGALORE GUIDE : T.M.JAYANTHI STUDENTS : BHAVITHA.S BISMILLA.A.BIRADAR RESHMA.R Block diagram In an exemplary embodiment of the project, the helmet body has a hard outer shell and a hard inner shell mounted to the outer shell such that a cavity is defined between the outer and the inner shells. The inner shell includes suitable material to provide the user effective RF shielding from the electronic system. The helmet body further includes a shock absorbent structure disposed between the inner shell and the head of the user, when the helmet is worn. Applications The enforcement of law to wear helmet while driving a vehicle and without drinking alcohol. The security of the vehicle will increase, along with the key. It is an effective implementation of Government Laws. It is accurate and precise as it is automatic. The project aims to provide a low cost powerful chipchip communication link. The I 2 C (Inter-Integrated circuit), commonly called as I squared C Bus, is a two wire, low to medium speed communication bus, allowing IC s to communicate with fewer pins. It is used in many other application fields such as testing and troubleshooting, quality control, EEPROM programming, repair service and verification. Data on the I 2 C-bus can be transferred at rates of up to 100 kbit/s in the Standard-mode, up to 400 Kbit/s in the Fast- mode, or up to 3.4 Mbit/s in the High-speed mode. The number of interfaces connected to the bus is solely dependent on the bus capacitance limit of 400 pf. Objective To design and implement I 2 C protocol for data logging st Series : SPP : KSCST :

121 Digital Cameras Portable test equipments Servers DVD Compared to other competing synchronous serial interfaces, I 2 C has the least hardware requirements. It requires minimum Installation cost, hence PCB design methodology gets reduced to a great extent. Figure : Data transfer on I 2 C bus. Microcontroller (master) connected to an EEPROM (slave) is used along with another Microcontroller (slave). The data is been written and read from EEPROM & Microcontroller for implementing data logging. This project will be implemented using Embedded C. The microcontroller can act as either a master transmitter or as master receiver. The data is transferred based on the START and the STOP conditions initiated by the master. Each device connected to the master is software addressable by a unique address. Simple masterslave relationships exist between the devices. There is minimum wear and tear, as, any number of devices can be added or removed without affecting any other circuit on the bus. Only two I/O pins of the microcontroller are needed to communicate with multiple slaves, because each slave is identified by its unique address, not by a separate select line. Because the I 2 C protocol is level-sensitive, its noise immunity is likely to be higher than in edge-sensitive competitors. I 2 C slaves provide feedback to the master, which indicates whether or not transmission was successful. Scope For Further Development In this project the further development can be made by making second microcontroller to act as master using arbitration procedure. As I 2 C supports multiple master devices on the bus at the same time, it provides a powerful feature that optimizes bus use by keeping bus message traffic to a minimum POWER MONITOR COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : HITHESH ULIYAR STUDENTS : SHREELATHA RAO.K STEEVAN FRANCIS D SOUZA SHRUTHI SURESH TULASI R.A Conclusion Block Diagram The system being microcontroller using I 2 C based, it can be used in many applications like Cell Phones Laptop Computers The bill for any household electricity keeps increasing every year. The designed Power Monitor will easily help you to save 10-20% or more on your energy bill. The more you save, the more you help protect our environment. It's really a simple concept - If you can measure it, you can manage it. The power meter we designed is cheap, and provides accurate measurements that allow for detailed characterization of a load. The features allow us to obtain fly information (RMS current and voltage values, power and frequency) at the load with the use of an on board LCD panel. Applications for this device 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

122 can be easily extended for screening the power consumed by 220 Volt, 50 Hz household loads. Objectives To interpret power consumption from various sections of a building / different appliances and take appropriate steps to conserve power and use it more efficiently. To provide a much cheaper alternative while providing adequate functionality. Help conserve power using the suggestions that the device would provide through a computer program. Description: Load: The load we used comprises of two rheostats (5amp, 100 ohms, 1kw). Sensors: Current and voltage transformers are used to sense the current and voltage which serve as the appropriate input signals for the microcontroller. Microcontroller (PIC): This constitutes the central processor that handles all the data. The PIC will receive appropriate signals from the sensors and converts these analog signals to corresponding digital values, this information is then used to obtain the necessary parameters like power consumed. LCD display 2-line LCD display unit will receive data input from the PIC and displays the data that includes average current, voltage, power values, and information about the overall status of devices including possibly a warning when any of the inputs exceed safe limits. Power Supply: The transformerless power supply has been used. This serves as an advantage for determining the frequency of the AC line. The design was broken into many modules, to specific tasks. These are: 1. Transformerless Power Supply Module The Power Supply Module needed to convert the AC 220 Volt, 50 Hz line input to provide regulated outputs of 5volts. 2. Current Sensing Current Transformer is placed in series with the load and when current passes through this arrangement a proportional voltage is developed across the burden resistor. 3. Voltage Sensing The input AC voltage is applied to a 12 volts step down transformer. This stepped down voltage is then given to a fullwave bridge rectifier. A capacitor connected in parallel with voltage transformer acts as a filter. A voltage divider circuit has been used to further step down the voltage to values varying between the range of 0 volts to 5 volts from 160 volts to 250 volts. 4. Microcontroller The Microcontroller primarily performs the function of converting the analog signal inputs into an10 bit digital value. It then interleaves the voltage and current data before transmitting them as outputs. Measurements on the waveforms to obtain the power and displays this on a 2 X 16, black on green LCD panel. Conclusion 1. Successfully executed the code for analog to digital conversion. 2. LCD has been interfaced and the code for the same has been successfully executed. 3. The experimentally determined current and voltage values have been displayed on LCD are verified. 4. P = VI has been calculated and displayed on the LCD panel. 5. The power factor needs to be determined. Scope for Future work Utilization of the data to provide power consumption graphs and interpretation of this data to suggest schemes to conserve power AIR SURVEILLANCE COLLEGE : P.A COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE GUIDE : RADHIKA H STUDENTS : ASHWIN R UCHIL ALLEN FRANK CUTINHA JOHN VALENTINE MONTERO HARSH P AJGAONKAR st Series : SPP : KSCST :

123 Block Diagram: Security is a primary objective of any government or commercial organization who deal with large number of people at any given amount of time. This involves a constant monitoring of such areas and thus surveillance of such situations is very important in establishing a secure environment for the people. Monitoring becomes a very difficult issue without the aid of any of the electronic devices such as cameras and CCTV. Motivation for choosing this project is also due to passion for aviation. The project consists of propeller driven gas filled blimp with a wireless camera mounted on it. The propellers are controlled using a radio controlled joystick thus providing the needed navigation once airborne. Objectives To design the wireless link between the transmitter and receiver in order to control the gas filled blimp wirelessly. The blimp required to lift the system is also a major constraint as blimp is not readily available and thus we had to search for other alternatives. After implementing the airborne system, a wireless camera has to be fixed such that the area below the system could be monitored. The primary concern for this project is the weight factor and that the overall system has to be light enough without sacrificing the important components onboard. Short range wireless communication is the cheapest and reliable medium when it comes to operating wirelessly garage doors, remotely turning on/off the lights or activating any switches or equipments remotely. Unlicensed band is used for controlling the path of the gas filled blimp, and also relaying back the video feed from the wireless mounted camera to the ground-staff. The Uhf band operating on 433 MHz is chosen for this project as to keep interference at a low level and too limit the length of the operating antenna to a few inches. Encoder/Decoder chips from Holtek Semiconductors are used at work on the transmitter side for encoding as well on the receiver side for decoding. The transmitter is powered by a 12 volt Key chain transmitter battery for compactness or for ease of availability. Block Diagram Of Air Survelliance Results and Conclusion The control of the blimp attained during the morning at indoors was 120mts.But the same distance decreased to about 90mts at noon. The images transferred by the camera were in the range of 50 feet. The images received in this distance were clear and clean. After the distance of 50 feet the images resulted in the distortion. The blimp was filled with helium. We found out that the total weight of the helium required to make the total system air-borne was more than the weight of the total setup plus the weight of the balloon. This prototype which defines the cheapest way of implementing the idea of air surveillance. With the increase in technology and bigger budget this idea can be made into a large scale models which then could be given to various security agencies and even in the police. Scope for future work The power supply accounted for the maximum weight in this system. Therefore the project was unable to attain the maximum height. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

124 A lighter power supply and also smaller propellers to drive the system more efficiently than at the present INVISIBLE EYE - AN ADVANCED SECURITY SYSTEM COLLEGE : P.A. COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE GUIDE : MS. SHAHANAS M. K. STUDENTS : ABDUL QAYYUM M. ASHRAF B. S. NITHIN DAGNY IAN PINTO KEVIN PRATAP CORNOLIES Most existing camera based security systems involve the use of multiple cameras placed around the room to be monitored. These cameras continuously record video footage of the room and save it on a central monitoring station. Testing the sensor circuit : The sensor was placed on the surface of a table and its output was observed for vibrations caused by tapping on the table. Verifying the keypad interface The next step was to verify the keypad interface to see whether the code works properly. The code was tested by burning into another microcontroller. Integrating the system By assembling the stepper motor(along with the camera), sensor circuits and the keypad with the main microcontroller kit. The keypad was integrated into the system whose activation depends on the password entered on the keypad. Instead of this, it may use a different system in which a single camera is used, that can slew around the room and record only when it is alerted by the presence of any intrusion. Such a system would consist of three components - sensors that detect intrusion; the camera that slews to the point of intrusion and takes pictures; and the keypad that is used to interface with the system which allows any person to disable the system by entering the right password. Objectives To design advanced security with an affordable and less complex system referred as Invisible Eye Basic block diagram of the Invisible Eye security system. This system consists of the following components: Sensors Microcontroller Stepper motor Camera Personal Computer Steps involved Testing the source code: The source code for the microcontroller was tested without connecting the other parts such as the sensors and the keypad. The signals indicating the presence of intruders was simulated. Figure 1. Block diagram of the Invisible Eye system. Conclusion Invisible Eye security system solves many of the problems faced by the multiple camera based systems at an easily affordable cost. The biggest advantage is that we can avoid having to wade through hours of footage of empty rooms One can also avoid having to install multiple cameras to cover a single room. Scope for Future Work To completely eliminate the use of the microcontroller and instead use the parallel port of the PC to monitor the sensors and control the sensors. Also, advanced st Series : SPP : KSCST :

125 image processing techniques can be applied to track the intruder once his position has been identified TRACKING OF LOST CELL PHONE COLLEGE : P.A.COLLEGE OF, MANGALORE GUIDE : Mrs. AYSHATHUL BUSHRA STUDENTS : KUMAR S M LOKESH C M RAMACHANDRA PATKAR VISHWAS Many technologies embody the ability to locate and track people. Person-location and person tracking are being facilitated by new technologies like mobile phones. The Location String display on the cell phones is one of such features. This location string could be used to track a person or the mobile phone itself whose location is reasonably inferred to be in close proximity to the actual values. read the current location string, replies back to the previously noted number and deletes the message from Inbox and sent items as well such that the owner of the cell phone gets no clue about the whole event. Whenever the mobile is switched on, the Rtelserver will check the IMSI number weather Sim as been changed or not. if it is changed then Rtelserver will retrieve the location string and new IMEI number and it will send it to predefined number. The application is designed to run in hidden mode, such that the user will have no. idea about the application. Location based tasks: The server side application is mainly running on a series 60 platform and is developed using the symbian c++ with the symbian operating system in it. Wireless Communication medium A mobile telephone is able to initiate a communication, via the base-station that runs the local 'cell' in which the user is currently located, and hence the network of stations, to the desired addressee. Even when it is 'off', or 'on standby', the device sends transmissions to the local tower, providing a stream of data that enables tracking of the person's movements. These are capable of being recorded and subsequently used and analyzed. This particular data is used to track the location of the person / the lost cell phone. Objectives To track the location of the lost cell phone or track the location of a person without his knowledge just by sending an SMS. This can also be used to track the misplaced cell phones and helps in surveillance system. The figure shown below represents the lost mobile tracking system In the lost mobile tracking system, the application is downloaded to the 60 series cell phone using blue tooth and kept in running mode at the background. The application continuously listens for the incoming SMS messages. Whenever there is a new incoming SMS, it checks the content on the message. If the message is in a particular pre-defined format, say, LOC, the application reads the number of the cell from which the message was received. Interacts with the OS to Conclusion Auto reporting by mobile devices of their location. Also delivers exact and timely surveillance data. This system automatically starts the application when the mobile is restarted and runs the application in hidden mode. This application works even if the SIM card is changed. Scope for Future Work Making it work even if the mobile is switched off. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

126 Identifying the exact location of the mobile is. (Using GPS technology) GAS LEAKAGE MONITORING AND HAZARD PREVENTION THROUGH GSM NETWORKS FOR GAS PIPELINES COLLEGE : PDA COLLEGE OF ENGG, GULBARGA GUIDE : PROF. NAGENDRA H STUDENTS : MAHALAXMI VIBHUTI SHUBHA KULKARNI TEJASHWINI AGARKHED VISHALAKSHI BIJAPURE Consumption of natural gas and/ or LPG is increasing in various segments starting from domestic cooking to industrial purposes and even in the transportation sector. This eventually demands for large transportation volumes, which is possible only by way of pipelines. Leakage of gas in such pipelines can lead to fire accidents and is a serious threat to the environment. Hence it is necessary to have a system in place, which can sense the gas leakage and activate a predetermined mobile/ phone number, so that appropriate action can be taken in time, to prevent any untoward incidents. Objectives To design a suitable system for detection of gas leakage in pipelines and activate the alarm on a predetermined phone/ mobile number. Description The microcontroller does all the controlling activities system by executing a pre-stored program in its memory. ATMEL s 89C51 microcontroller was chosen for the study. In addition, LPG sensors, amplifiers (signal conditioners), Analog-Digital Converter (ADC), relays, relay drives, LCD display, modem interface etc. are used. To control the flow through the pipeline, solenoid valves were installed in the pipeline. The total system was designed to work on DC power supply system using batteries. Conclusions The above system worked effectively and immediately blocked the gasflow after any leakage is detected. This reduces the fire incidents IMPLEMENTATION OF RFID AND ITS APPLICATIONS COLLEGE : PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA GUIDE : SARA ANJUM STUDENTS : ANITHA SHETTY BASAVANNEVVA CHOUDHARI BEBI N. HALASANGI KAVITA Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a means of identifying a person or object using a radio frequency transmission. The technology can be used to identify, track, sort or detect a wide variety of objects. Communication takes place between a reader and a transponder often called a tag. Tags can either be active (powered by battery) or passive (powered by the reader field), and come in various forms including smart cards, tags, labels, watches and also embedded in mobile phones. The RFID tag is a low functionality microchip with an antenna connected to the item to be tracked or identified and stores the unique identification number of the item. These chips transform the electromagnetic energy of radio-frequency signals from a RFID reader / transceiver to respond by sending back a signal. The data transmitted by the tag may provide identification or location information, or specifics about the product tagged such as price, color, date of purchase, etc. The readers communicate with the tags for reading / writing the information stored on them as well as update the servers, which may be standalone or networked. Readers may be fixed or mobile. The reader, an antenna packaged with a transceiver and decoder, emits a signal activating the RFID tag so it can read and write data. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone, it detects the reader s activation signal. The reader decodes the data encoded in the tag s circuit and the data is passed to the host computer RFID system and can be distinguished by frequency range. Finally the data acquired by the readers is passed to a system software, which may run special RFID software to filter the data and route it to the correct application to be processed into useful information. Advantages No line of sight needed Fast identification rate Unique ID code Unattended operations are possible minimizing human errors and high cost. No moving parts st Series : SPP : KSCST :

127 Increases material handling velocity. Conclusion RFID technology is well-developed technology used in asset tracking and electronic payment. The RFID provides the freedom for developers / customers to switch different RFID vendors at any point of time during the development with minimal effort INTEGRATED SAFETY TOOL FOR CAR USING CAN BUS COLLEGE : P D A COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA GUIDE : SHANTLING PATIL STUDENTS : MAHESH SAJJAN SHARNABASAPPA BELAMAGI ATMARAM P CHIDANAND B MALLI Integrated safety device is a set of safety devices to help in safe operation of the car. Important parameters like break fluid level, engine temperature, door open status and vehicle speed are integrated into a single module, so that it is compact in size. The break fluid level indicates whether the level is low or high. The engine temperature feature alarms the buzzer once it crosses the safe level. The door open feature of the devise prompts the car user and the speed sensor informs the driver about the speed of the vehicle as low, medium or high. For this CAN (Control Area Network) bus system is used. It is a multiplexed wiring system used to connect intelligent devices on vehicles allowing data transfer in a low cost and reliable manner. Objectives To design and develop an integrated safety tool for cars using CAN bus. The materials include 555 Dual Sensor, Speed detector & compactor circuit built on Quad Op-Amp IC LM324; 89C51 microcontroller and buffer unit. The program is written in such a way that once the parameters are crossing the prescribed limit, it alarms the buzzer. It operates on +12V single voltage power supply circuit built around three terminal voltage regulator. Conclusions The developed integrated tool functions effectively and can also improve the fuel efficiency of the car, due to reduction in wiring complexities. Compact in size and can be fitted to other types of automobiles also, with suitable modifications VOICE CONTROLLED AUTONOMOUS ROBOT WITH OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. SHILPA MEHTA STUDENTS : KIRAN P. ABHIJITH MURTHY B. ARJUN P. N. The chosen project Voice Controlled Autonomous Robot with Obstacle Avoidance detects, recognizes and obeys on voice command and is also able to maneuver around and obstacles on its own. Voice Controlled Autonomous Robot with Obstacle Avoidance (VCATOR) has a simple neural network which has the ability to move forward and it performs maneuvers to avoid the objects as it encounters them. Due to the complexity of the project, it was divided into modules which were built over time and then assembled together to build the whole system. The main modules of this project are obstacle avoidance module and voice command module. The obstacle avoidance module implements simple obstacle detection using a dual forward looking infrared emitter / detector pair. The robot s brain uses a biologically inspired neural network for maneuvering. Objectives The objectives of this machine were design and construct the platform, implement a simple, neural network based control routine, implement minimal sensors for obstacle avoidance. Block Diagram 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

128 The word autonomous means a totally independent machine that can carry out the functions for which it has been designed. The functions may be like navigation through a hostile environment avoiding all possible obstructions, looking after a process in process control applications, reconnaissance etc. Four tires were used for the robot and as a reasonable compromise between the hardware complexities and the software complexity required for stability when fewer tires / legs are used. A twowheel design with differential geared drive was chosen for easier maneuvering and stability. The robot has the capability of moving forward, backward, turning left, turning right and stopping over level surfaces according to voice commands. It was also capable of avoiding obstacles. Conclusion The function of neural networks was explored in the field of robotics. Simple object detection and implementation of various IR sensors was made. Making robots from cheap and readily available materials was performed. The robot performed the task of learning and adapting to the type of the object in front though sometimes totally unexpected behaviors was observed. Hence a complete mobile platform for AI work to perform was built. materials for that particular month, the balance of stock available, etc. This project comprises of a microcontroller, dedicated digital weighing machine, a smart card reader and RTC (real time clock) as main components. Each worker is given a smart card with a unique id set for it. After filling his sack with vegetables, he comes and puts the contents on the weighing scale. After that farmers smart card is inserted into the card reader, validity of the inserted smart card is checked for by comparing with the list of allotted id s, after which weight of the grocery, date and time of the day are stored in the memory and the smart card memory as the attributes to the farmers for his days work. At the end of the day the operator connects his device to the computer and downloads the readings taken over the day. All the Smart card ids have previously been stored in the Master memory with each employee having a unique id. After summing up the total weight corresponding to each id, the operator calculates the days wage of the workers. This is subsequently updated in the database so that the workers cannot be cheated WEIGHT MONITORING AND DATA LOGIN SYSTEM WITH USER AUTHENTICATION COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PROF. MANJUNATHA G. C. STUDENTS : DODDABASAVARAJ K. MANJUNATHA GOUDA H. VISHAL JAIN VISHWANATH H In this project every task is carried out automatically without human intervention. A lot of malpractice that is being done can be overcome by this project specially weight theft and mismanagement. In this project, a memory card is used for storing ID number and keeps track of the dispensing of Block Diagram st Series : SPP : KSCST :

129 Conclusion This project is a cost effective, easy to implement and has tremendous potential for future enhancements MICROCONTROLLER BASED ADVANCED ATM SECURITY SYSTEM COLLEGE : RURAL COLLEGE, HULKOTI GUIDE : DR. VASAN S. T. STUDENTS : RAHUL N. KULKARNI ANAND A. REDDY MAHESH B. GULAGANNAVAR Objectives The system described is security provided for the ATM machine itself. It is attempted by some authorized person or user then immediately the invalid code is accessed which drives an alarm, door close mechanism, auto dialing arrangement and display of the attempted ATM branch name. So that the person can be caught easily. This system can also be used for many other applications where there is access control is required. This project aims at Opening the Bank locker and closing the Locker can be done by just sitting in front of PC. The program and code is provided to the main branch manager. The main branch manager will control the other lockers also. This project consists of C program, when the choice is selected i.e., open or close as per the program is executed and the PC generates a pulse with certain delay. When the choice is selected. The signal from the PC parallel port is interfaced to the FM Tx and now the FM Tx transmits the modulated signal. This whole arrangement will be kept in the main branch. When the Manager gets the information from the sub branch that the particular locker has to be opened, then he presses the lock number in PC, now the Tx transmits the modulated pulse with certain delay. The receiver receives the pulse as per the choice pressed from the PC i.e., Open or close and processes the signal and opens or closes the bank locker i.e., sliding door. In this project it has designed for one locker with frequency coding with some carrier frequency. Conclusion The process attempted by some unauthorized person or user then immediately this invalid code is accessed which drives all the applications of such system as LCD display, alarm generation, door close mechanism and auto dialing. The extra control which is there with a person is reset logic and will be given only to the authorized person GSM BASED AIRPORT AUTOMATION COLLEGE : SHRIDEVI INSTITUTE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, TUMKUR GUIDE : MR. AIJAZ AHAMED SHARIEF STUDENTS : AKASHDEEP MAHANTESH.P PANKAJ KUMAR SATHISH KUMAR.M In a normal scenario, during the landing of aircraft there is only a verbal confirmation issued from the ATC (Air Traffic Controller) to the pilot. The plane after landing is then directed to a gate where it is parked and the passengers can come to the lounge to collect their baggage. Typically all the electric devices in the lounges are controlled manually and when a flight arrives they are activated and then later on they are deactivated. Also the baggage collection belts are always running. All these things lead to a lot of wastage of power and wrong happenings (considering accidents) owing to the human errors. Also, at the time of the departure of the flight care should be taken on many issues namely status of the fueling, servicing, crew boarding, catering, security and many things that needs to be check clearance, passenger boarding, preliminary checks etc. Objectives The main objective of this project is to gain knowledge and experience in developing a real time application and programming the microcontroller (AT89c51), interfacing microcontroller to other hardware. Also to know more about problems encountering in the airport automation. This project is mainly concentrated on centralized control using GSM authentication. The waterfall process model has been followed for the development of this project. This model is the one of the best process models. There are several variations of this model. This process is best only when all the requirements are known in advance. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

130 System Analysis Figure 1 : Waterfall Process Model The waterfall process has three phases: 1. System Analysis The main hardware and software materials are used to implement this project GSM Modem. 89C51 based Programming. PC Interface using Serial and Parallel Port Communication. Visual Basic Max 232. Relay Controlling Mechanism. DC Motor Mechanism. Sensors. Clear Runway Detection. LCD Displays. 2. Design and Implementation The systems design process partitions the requirements to either hardware or software systems. It establishes overall system architecture. 3. Testing Design and Implementation Testing The individual program units or programs are tested. Then they are integrated and tested as a complete system to ensure that the software requirements have been met. After testing, the software system is delivered to the customer. Results and Conclusions The automation of airport would be done using new technologies and it helps in the development of infrastructure and time effectiveness and provides better security GSM BASED COMMUNITY ELECTRIC BILLING CONTROLLER COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : PRITHVIRAJ D. STUDENTS : AVINASH KUMAR CHANDAN KUMAR SINGH OM SHARAN SIDDHARTH It is proposed that a GSM based community electric billing mechanism which will monitor many energy meters (in a colony) and keep a tab of their readings and the consumption. On the request of the GCEBC module will send a consolidated report of the entire meter reading. The base station will wait for the last date of payment and then issue the command to disconnect the defaulter s Power. The Relay Mechanism connected to the particular line and gets deactivated and the power is disrupted. Upon the complete payment of the electrical bill another message with the request to enable the power connection and sent to the GCEBC module and it reconnects. Statement of the Problem Overall problem is divided into following tasks:- The digital energy meters connectivity with GCEBC module will be straight but in case of the legacy meters it needs an extra attachment and which will be used to remember the meter reading digitally. Establish a GCEBC module (Transformer) which sends a consolidated report of all the meter reading to the base station which will be further collected and processed. The base station will disconnect the power on nonpayment of bill and re-connect on the payment of bill st Series : SPP : KSCST :

131 Customer those who are not having GSM connection could receive message on their meter display. Large scale implementation GSM BASED INDUSTRIAL DISASTER INTIMATION CONTROL SYSTEM COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : PROF. G.S.RAJANNA STUDENTS : RANGANATHA.M MANJANAGOUDA PATIL SANDEEP.B LOHITH KUMAR.H.G A system was developed in this project to control the machines of factory from remote place using GSM. GSM system uses single type of radio channel. Each radio channel in the GSM system has a frequency bandwidth of 200 khz and a data rate of 270 kbps. Result and Analysis Block Diagram After executing VB code and selecting proper COM PORTS the communication between Base station and Transformer starts. Advantages Low power consumption and compact size. Able to handle 30 energy meters at a time. Reduces human error. Correct reading is monitored. Used in both industrial and domestic application. Time saving and cost effective. Future Developments Direct bank account payment. It is proposed to make a GSM based Industrial Disaster Intimation Control System which can be used to send SMS to the authorities whenever any mishappening takes place. Fire accidents in the industry takes if any, an automated SMS can be sent to the nearby hospitals, fire stations and also the higher authorities of the industry for immediate help. Problem Statement SMS gateway interface system uses GSM modem which provides GSM SMS service. The system can be controlled and monitored via SMS from anywhere that covered by GSM service. Devices that connect to the system like bulb, various motors can be turn ON or OFF by sending SMS to the system also the GSM modem sends SMS to the owner mobile when any mishappening takes place in the industry. Objective The goal of this project is to develop a system to control the manufacturing plant located at a remote place using GSM technology. This device will employ microcontroller based design in which the microcontroller will be connected to a PC which is also connected to a GSM modem and will be able to send SMS from GSM modem. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

132 The message to be sent will be typed in the PC and the list of recipients will be created and the SMS can be sent on a trigger. This project facilitates the understanding of the following topics: Coding in assembly for 89C51 series microcontroller. Data acquisition GSM concepts RS232 communication Device control mechanism. The PC is the main part of this module. The sensors are connected to the microcontroller which will keep monitoring the status. The GSM module is fitted with the SIM card to get connectivity established. Advantages Security for storing rooms. Flood and water detection in the low lying areas. Security for establishments in the night. Panic button for immediate attention. Real time monitoring of the factory. Real time device control. Applications Intelligent transportation system. Location based services and GPS Complete automation in industries Result The SMS is sent from GSM modem to owner mobile if there is any disaster happens in the industry at real time. The sensors like fire, flood, earthquake, temperature and human sensors provide status of the different locations in the factory. Similarly by sending the SMS from owner mobile to GSM modem, it can control various devices like bulb, drilling machine, milling machine and grinding machine used in industry at real time. Draft guidelines on disaster management Aircraft uses around 250 sensors to give the aircraft status to the fight engineer. So this concept is used in airline industry NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MONITORING WITH PC COLLEGE : S.J.M. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : MRS. K.G.PUSHPA STUDENTS : KAVYA C. B. NAVYASHREE N. SHRUTHI R. SHWETHA K st Series : SPP : KSCST :

133 Background Premature babies condition will be very much sensitive. So, slight changes can cause problems. Premature babies are more prone to infection. Most of the hospitals and nursing homes are manually recording the temperature, pulses & conditions of baby. This usage of manpower can lead to errors in getting appropriate readings. For premature babies or low birth weight babies continuous diagnosis and care are required. But doctor cannot monitor NICU all the time to know the conditions of the baby. Even though nurse monitors the conditions of the baby she can not immediately report the same to the doctor. This group developed a care unit for monitoring the baby. Objective of Study This project is mainly aimed at developing a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with the following features PC Control And Monitoring of NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Incubator (NICI) Temperature Monitoring Radiant warmers Head Up and Head Down Option Block Diagram Block Diagram Description The temperature sensors sense the temperatures i.e., the baby's body temperature inside and outside the incubator & give equivalent voltage values. These values are then amplified and given to ADC which gives equivalent digital O/P values to microcontroller. The Microcontroller also gets pulse count from pulse sensors. These values are sent to PC through serial communication. According to the received temperature, PC switches ON or OFF the warmer or fan by giving particular values to the microcontroller to maintain required temperature. Also depending on the value given by the PC to the microcontroller for particular bed position, the stepper motor will rotate to maintain the required bed position. The Incubator is an insulated enclosure in which environmental conditions (temperature) can be regulated at levels optimal for growth, and metabolic reactions to give baby proper care. Incubator maintains the normal body temperature (i.e.27 degree Celsius), decreases the chance of infection, and limit water loss by maintaining the humidity level. In the Incubator when kept in the baby mode (in critical conditions), the sensors will be patched to the babies skin to sense the baby's body temperature to maintain the temperature of the environment and the required temperature will be set from the PC by the doctor. When kept in the Air mode (in Non-critical conditions), the sensors will be left in the air to sense the temperature inside the incubator to maintain the temperature of the environment and the required temperature will be set from the PC by the doctor. The sensors will be clamped/patched up to the thumb, toe, heal or ear lobule and temperature, humidity and heart beat rate will be displayed on the PC. Radiant warmer is an electrically warmed bed open to the air, which is used when the medical staff needs frequent access to the baby for care. In this the temperature is maintained by a controlled radiation of heat by using heat source and shade, 2 ft away from the baby.the tray/base containing baby can be lifted up /down near the side of head. Head Up option is required after feeding, to stop food enter into the trachea/respiratory system And Head Low option is required in case of Respiratory problems. Results and Analysis The pulse count is measured for 10 seconds and is converted to one minute duration. Fig 1: Block diagram of NICU monitoring with PC The temperature, around 20ºC to 30ºC, is maintained inside the incubator. The temperature sensor used here gives 10mV per degree C. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

134 Conclusion In the era before NICUs, infants of birth weight less than 1400 grams rarely survived. Now even Infants of 500 grams at 26 weeks have a fair chance of survival because of NICU. If NICU is automated and monitored with PC it can improve the efficiency to a large extent. In this unit, the temperature values of the incubator, baby and the room are monitored and controlled, and also the pulse rate of the baby is monitored. Also one can set the appropriate required temperature inside the incubator and change the infant care bed position through PC. Web based remote monitoring of infant incubator is possible and it will help doctor to monitor the NICU through his PC. Scope for Future Development The database can be extended to include information on medication, plans for care, and parent contact information and measure of heart beat SMARTRACK INVENTORY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COLLEGE : SKSVMA COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, LAXMESHWARA GUIDE : PROF. SANTOSH BUJARI STUDENTS : PRASANNA M. G. RAJASHEKHARGOUDA B. P. VIJAYKUMAR V. G. In inventory management, computers are used to keep account of various products and generate invoices for products sold or generate stock report or to view accounts etc. But these are software based solutions and does not really mean inventory management. i.e., they are not completely automated. For example if a product is sold the sales person or sales executive has to enter the product s stock number or its respective code and after entering the sold quantity the invoice is generated. Now in this system there is a possibility that two units are sold and the invoice is raised only for one unit. If one person is available to manage sales and invoice generation then it becomes quite tedious to locate the materials and do the billing. The proposed system will solve these problems and hence provides an easy inventory management where the sales person will only enter the product required to be sold and the product will be automatically dispensed from a automated rack and will be transported to the counter by a convey or system and after all the items have been transported the bill will be generated automatically 134 and the dispensing bin will be closed. This is a complete inventory management and billing system which facilitates easy sales management. The system needs user input on the computer and then the requirements will be transferred to the racks microcontroller through the serial port of the PC and the controller will thus open the required bin and dispense the required quantity of materials from a carousel type dispensing unit contained in the rack. After dispensing the material is transported by a conveyor system located near the rack and which will transport the materials to the attendant at the counter. Hence every time there is no need to memorize where the particular item is kept in the store. The system is designed using ATMELs AT89C52 MCU and contains different circuitry for controlling the rack mechanism, dispensing mechanism, and the conveyor mechanism. The mechanical parts will be fabricated in acrylic fiber as it is easily available and is easier to transform. The mechanism contain stepper motor for driving, transporting and dispensing or locating purposes. The feedback from the mechanism is taken through opto-interrupters which will be located in various parts of the rack and also the conveyor mechanism. The system is based upon a bucket type chain drive mechanism in which the buckets will always be aligned to the center of gravity and hence will never be tilted which makes it fail. Later the materials stored in the buckets are dispensed by a carousel type tray with one dispensing groove through which the items are released. The conveyor system is also equipped with small trays to hold the items dispensed and a drive mechanism will help in transporting the same. All these functions are controlled by a microcontroller by suitably providing the outputs to different motors and at the same time will also take feedback from the optointerrupters for monitoring successful completion of tasks. The search and dispense input to the MCU will be supplied by the PC software and PC will communicate with the MCU via serial port. The system is not dependent on material shapes but will be limited to sizes. Advantages Easy inventory and sales management Automatic billing Employed for dispensing spare parts, medicine, bottles and also can be implemented in library. Conclusion The Smart Rack Inventory Management system designed was successfully tested with different bins 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

135 and materials. However, the project approach was to design a prototype that worked well and, for real time implementation it may require some hardware and software modifications to work suitably BIOMETRIC VERIFICATION BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE COLLEGE : STJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, RANEBENNUR GUIDE : PROF. MAHESHWARAPPA B. STUDENTS : ASHALATHA M. ASHA G. S. AMUL PATIL HARISH M. This system uses the Biometric Technology as the technique with which the security is provided. Biometric Technology is used to accurately identify and verify an individual's identity. This involves identifying his physiological and behavioral characteristics. Biometrics, in general, refers to the study of biological characteristics. With reference to computer security, it refers to authentication techniques using biological characteristics that are measurable or identifiable and unique to an individual. The most familiar biometric technology is finger print technology. Fingerprinting, as the name suggests, is the acquisition and storage of the image of the fingerprint. Fingerprint matching is by far the most successful biometric technology because of its ease of use, non-intrusiveness and reliability. Fingerprints consist of ridges and valleys fonned in complex patterns that are unique for every person and thereby provide an optimal verification method. Minutia based and pattern based matching. These two methods evaluate fingerprint images in different ways; minutia matching compares specific details within the fingerprint ridges while pattern matching compares the overall characteristics of the fingerprints. Objective To overcome proxy voting invalid votes and voting more than one time. The existing electronic voting methods are not secure enough. Biometrics solves these above issues. Every person's finger prints are unique. Therefore it makes sense to use these unique features of the person as a means for authentication. When a user places their finger on NITGEN's Fingerprint Recognition Device (FRD) for the first time, the fingerprint is scanned and a 3-D fingerprint image is captured. All fingerprints contain a number of unique physical characteristics called minutiae, which includes certain visible aspects of fingerprints such as ridges, ridge endings, and bifurcation (forking) of ridges. Most of the minutiae are found in the core points of fingerprints and the core points themselves are found near the center of the fingerprint on the fleshy pad. The user is enrolled, or registered, in the database after a special minutiae-based algorithm extracts key minutiae points from the live image at the time of acquisition and converts the data into a unique mathematical template comparable to a 60-digit password. This unique template is then encrypted and stored - it is important to note that no actual image of the fingerprint is stored, only the minutiae-based template. The next time a new fingerprint image for an individual is scanned by the FRD, another template is created and the two templates are compared to verify the user s identity. Conclusion There is no security system that is completely foolproof. Every system is breakable with an appropriate amount of time and money. The techniques used to prevent the attacks help to increase the time, and cost of money. Fingerprints can be easily discovered from touched surfaces and can be copied in a small amount of time using readily available materials. All the live-ness detection mechanisms in fingetprint systems can be easily defeated using wafer thin gelatin and silicon artificial fingetprints. Biometric systems using fingetprints and face are sufficiently robust to be used as an authentication system for time and attendance and access control for low security systems. Biometric systems can be used to supplement the existing technologies rather than replacing them completely, to provide a highly secure user authentication. Future Scope In this system for verification purpose fingerprint scanner is used. In future one can implement this system by using other biometric devices such as facial pattern scanner, eye retina scanner and hand geometry scanner MICROCONTROLLER BASED INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION AND SAFETY COLLEGE : TONTADARYA COLLEGE OF, GADAG GUIDE : PROF. J. VEERESH KUMAR STUDENTS : JAFAR D. SOTAKANAL N. SOMANATH SHELDON R. D SOUZA OMKAR S. RAIKAR 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

136 EMBEDDED systems play a vital role in automation. Embedded system is a combination of hardware and software designed to perform special functions and take decisions in different condition based on the program, which are built-in and have all the facilities to change the hardware processing power. It is used in the systems like Microwave Ovens, Washing Machines, Heaters, Remote controls etc. One of the main advantage is that by changing the contents of the program we get different accuracy outputs without changing all the hardware components. Objectives To make special purpose machine performing certain repetitive functions to work automatically by interfacing electronic components. The system must be providing wireless sensing capability. The system should have least number of electronic components for automation. The design of the control system should be simple and accurate. There should be least requirement of power for controlling. Atmel 89c52 microcontroller is used to automate various functions which is coupled with buffer to provide load current to the further device and buffer IC It is then further coupled to opto coupler to provide perfect isolation as in the practical plant the power supply will be very high. Then it is followed by a stage of magnetic based interface relay because switching of the external device with high power cannot be done by simple opto couplers. The external working devices like conveyors and coolers are then switched using those relays. Parameters for sensing are temperature control, gas sensing, fire sensing etc. As the control unit is switched ON, the furnace starts getting preheated to a known amount of time. Then the loading unit starts its operation, by picking up the raw material from the raw material bin and loading into the furnace. The raw material starts melting. It is totally melted at the required temperature, further stepper motor which is coupled to the tilting unit of a furnace start tilting, pouring the melted material into a collecting chute and goes back to its initial position. By opening the chute gate the molten material rushes into the mould which is placed on the conveyor belt. As soon as the mould gets filled the conveyor belt starts moving after some delay and the mould enters into the cooling tower. The other empty mould which is kept on the conveyor belt automatically comes to the collecting point. In the cooling tower the mould gets cooled gradually, to avoid cracks & damages (flaws) on the wheel casting. Hence the process repeats for the next wheel automatically. All the functions explained above are operated in a synchronous manner for a précise amount of time. This précise amount of time is specified in the program which is embedded in the microcontroller. The Microcontroller gives signal to the interfacing card to perform some operation through relays & transistors. When interfacing card gets signals the respected relays get energized which has been connected to the respective functional units to perform its operation which is controlled through the program. Results and conclusions This process is very cost effective and simple technique that can be carried out and type of automation and there are many techniques for further variations and improvements. Further interfaced many other devices along with present connections without any loading on the controller. Even it can sense hundreds of parameters and even provide feedback for automatic action like the temperature increases drastically, automatically the heating unit switches off or there is smoke generation abnormally, the furnace gets switched off and the extinguisher switches on. INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION 130. ANALYSIS OF WEAR PROPERTIES OF A HARD FACED AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT COLLEGE : SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : SRIDHAR STUDENTS : MANISH KUMAR PRAVEEN D. M. DEBJYOTI RAKSHIT CHITRA S st Series : SPP : KSCST :

137 Metal parts often fail their intended use not because they fracture, but because they wear, which causes them to loose dimension and functionality. This wear may be due to metal to metal wear, abrasive wear or environmental wear. As wear is a surface or near surface phenomenon it has been realized that the wear resistance of a component can be improved by providing a surface of different composition from that of the base material. Hardfacing which is also known as hard surfacing is the application of buildup or wear resistant weld metal to a part's surface by means of welding or joining. In general hard facing is a process of depositing, by one of various welding techniques, a layer or layers of metal of specific properties on certain areas of metal parts that are exposed to wear. In industries hardfacing is used in two main areas. First one is to buildup or rebuildup of worn components and the second one is in overlaying or hardsurfacing of new components to protect from wear. The main advantages of hardfacing are: Reduction of cost: Restoring a worm part to as new condition. Prolongation of equipments life: Life increases to 3 to 1 0 times. Reduction in down time: Parts lost longer and fewer shutdowns. Reduction in spare parts inventory: As there is no need to keep numerous spare parts when worn parts can be rebuilt. Hard faced parts can be manufactured from cheaper base metals. Hard facing is normally done on cheaper base metals like stainless steels, manganese steels, castirons and caststeels, nickel base alloys and copper base alloys. For facing alloys such as cobalt, chromium, tungsten carbide, chromiummanganese, iron and iron base alloys containing various percentages of cobalt, chromium, vanadium and moly1xlenum are commonly used. All these alloys are good for extreme abrasion, severe impact and high temperature applications. Objectives The objective of this investigation is to conduct a comparative analysis of conventional hard facing electrodes. The main principle steps in the investigation are: Determination of type and degree of wear on the base metal. Estimation of area that needs to be hard faced. Selection of an appropriate hard facing alloy. Preparation of the surface to be hardened. Application of the hardfacing alloy on the base metal. Imparting proper surface finish to the hard faced base metal component. Wear testing and analysis. Conclusion Limited-layer products usually are in the metal carbide families, such as chromium carbide and tungsten carbide. One can apply Martensite and Austenite products in unlimited layers unless the manufacturers specifies. The project team have limited the welding up to three layers only because increase in the number of welding layers, the brittle nature of the metal carbides lead to check-cracking and as multiple layers are applied, stress continues to build, concentrating at the root of the check-cracks and this we can see in the crack formation in the tested specimen. From the experimental results it is seen that the loss in weight goes on decreasing from the base metal and the ones which are hard faced in 1, 2 and 3 layers respectively. This is because of the reducing dilution by the base metal with the weld deposits. So with the increase in the weld passes, hardness decreases but the wear resistance of the cultivator spike increases. Thus from this study it can say that the wear resistance property of the material can be improved by hard facing. So, we come to the conclusion that the life of the agricultural equipment can be increased by hard facing and the capability of hard facing as an important source of savings. The cost of its application can be estimated. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

138 Scope for future work Selection of the process and of welding position has a major influence on the total cost. The following cost elements should also be taken into account: Volume of materials to be deposited. Process to be used. Deposit efficiency (ratio of deposited material to consumable materials used). Operating efficiency (ratio of deposit time to total time including set-up preparation, transportation, financing etc.). Consumable cost (flux, gas and power, welding, material, labour and overhead). In this regard field test of the hard faced agricultural tool can also be done to get the true picture of its application DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ABRASIVE HOT AIR BLASTING MACHINE FOR ETCHING GLASS AND CERAMIC MATERIALS COLLEGE : S. J. M. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA GUIDE : SRI JAGANNATHA N STUDENTS : ASHWINI V VINAY KUMAR G LOHITH M S Recent development on special purpose componens such as semiconductors processing parts, sensors for machining technologies, hard and brittle materials such as glass, ceramics are generally difficult to machine due to their properties like extreme hardness, brittleness, corrosion resistance, etc. Using conventional machining technologies are difficult since thermal or electrical machining methods (such as chemical etching, laser and electron beam machining, EDM and electrolytic machining) cause an effective heat affected zone, while using mechanical machining methods (such as ultrasonic machining, Grinding, polishing) have limitations in productivity and accuracy. Thus abrasive hot air blast machining (AHABM) we consider as one of the most appropriate machining methods for hard and brittle materials. In this project, an attempt has been made to develop model of blasting process and an experimental set up of Abrasive hot air blasting machine. Objectives To design and develop an Abrasive Hot Air Blasting Machine for Etching & Drilling on brittle materials like glass & ceramic. Principle The basic machining principle of Abrasive hot air blasting machining (AHABM) is the abrasives accelerated by high compressed hot air are forced through a nozzle and collide with hard and brittle work pieces at a very high velocity ( m/s) and density. Since the material removal process of AHABM is performed by an integration of brittle mode machining based on micro crack propagation, there is very little heat, chipping, and crack generation in the work piece. Thus this method is very suitable for the machining of micro shapes of hard and brittle materials (such as glass, ceramics, silicon etc). Procedure Air is pressurized by a compressor. A part of the air is passed through heating chamber, where the compressed air gets heated and then lead through bypass branch and flows through the (also pressurized) storage vessel, which contains the abrasive material. The abrasives mixed with hot air combines with main flow to form abrasive hot air jet. This high-pressure jet is expanded in a nozzle made up of hard material (Sapphire/Tungsten carbide). The concentration of the abrasive particles in the jet can be adjusted by the amount of hot air passing through the bypass branch. The valve below the abrasive storage can control the flow rate. Precautions taken Pressure in the abrasive chamber must be less than the pressure in the mixing chamber. Abrasive must be sieved properly. Nozzle must be clean no obstacle must be present. Stand off distance should be properly set. Temperature of air should exceed the softening point of the work piece st Series : SPP : KSCST :

139 Insulation of the heating chamber to be checked for every operation. Experimental setup The processes of etching and grooving can also be performed on granite and other composite materials of high brittleness. CNC table can be used for feeding the work material MECHANICAL BASED ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM FOR A 3.2 CC REMOTE CONTROLLED CAR COLLEGE GUIDES : B.L.D.E.A S VACHANA PITAMHA DR.P.G.HALAKATTI COLLEGE OF AND TECHNOLOGY, BIJAPUR : PROF I.G.BHAVI PROF P.V.MALAJI STUDENTS : BHARATESH P. ALAGOUDA TEJAS U.KEMBHAVI Anti-lock braking systems use different schemes depending on the type of brakes in use. Four-channel, four-sensor ABS: With this setup, the controller monitors each wheel individually to make sure it is achieving maximum braking force. Schematic Diagram of Abrasive Hot Air Blasting Machining Conclusion & Scope Of Future Work The machine is compact in size and feasible from economic point of view. The variable parameters like Stand off distance (SOD), pressure of air, temperature of air and the size of the abrasives influence material removal rate (MRR). The mechanical properties of glass are altered by the influence of hot air, causing an increase in rate of erosion of material. MRR is increases with reducing SOD at different air temperatures Roughness of machined surface reduces and MRR increases with temperature of the carrier gas. The etched surface quality is improved by using hot air. Protection of maskant is improved due to hot air. The operations like Drilling, Cutting, Etching, Deburring, Edge generating and Grooving can be performed. Three-channel, three-sensor ABS: This system provides individual control of the front wheels, so they can both achieve maximum braking force. The rear wheels, however, are monitored together; they both have to start to lock up before the ABS will activate on the rear. With this system, it is possible that one of the rear wheels will lock during a stop, reducing brake effectiveness. One-channel, one-sensor ABS: This system operates the same as the rear end of a threechannel system. The rear wheels are monitored together and they both have to start to lock up before the ABS kicks in. In this system it is also possible that one of the rear wheels will lock, reducing brake effectiveness. Objective To device a mechanical anti-lock braking system for remote controlled car. Components used in the mechanical-abs: 1. Solenoid 2. Timer circuit 3. ABS switch Ah 12V DC supply Operation The solenoid, timer circuit, ABS switch and battery are mounted on the car as shown in the picture below. Our car is operated by a remote control system, which 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

140 controls the two servo motors. One servo is used to control the steering mechanism and other is used to control the throttle valve and ABS mechanism. INFORMATION SCIENCE AND 133. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUTHENTICATION AND RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS COLLEGE : M.S.RAMAIAH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BANGALORE GUIDE : S.R. CHICKERUR STUDENTS : CHETAN.M.N SOUMYA.S.KOUSHIK ROHAN.RAJAGOPALAN Biometrics is the measurement of a unique physical characteristic, is an ideal solution to the problem of digital identification. Biometrics makes it possible to identify ourselves to digital systems, and through these systems identify ourselves to others in Cyberspace. With biometrics we create a digital persona that makes our transactions and interactions in Cyberspace convenient and secure. Of all the biometrics available, including face, iris and retina scanning, voice identification, and others, the fingerprint is one of the most convenient and foolproof. Human fingerprints have been considered as a unique signature certifying one's identity. Fingerprint verification is currently the most popular technique of biometric personal identification. The throttle valve and ABS mechanism are made to operate relative to each other by using a single servo motor. Closing and opening the throttle valve is controlled by rotation of the servo motor which is controlled by remote control. While closing the throttle valve, at certain position of the throttle valve the solenoid is made to activate, by using the ABS switch, thereby DC current is supplied through the timer circuit. Due to this the alternate breaking effect is generated. This effect remains till the sufficient level of throttle valve closing. Once the throttle valve closed down to its minimum level, the DC current is made to pass directly to the solenoid. Due to this the continuous braking effect is generated there by stopping the vehicle completely. This position of the solenoid remains till the throttle valve is opened again from its closed position to increase the speed of the vehicle. As soon as the throttle valve is opened the ABS switch disconnects timer circuit and there by power supply. In this project, the design and implementation of a prototype of an automatic verification system is considered. The high matching rate achieved in this project suggests that an efficient small-scale fingerprint verification system is feasible. Objective To design a system to authenticate the user based on the fingerprint. Here the fingerprint captured from the image in converted into a template. The fingerprint of the user is scanned and stored in the database, for further verifications the template in the database is referred for authentication purpose. The design process consists of four distinct stages: partitioning, communication, agglomeration and mapping st Series : SPP : KSCST :

141 1. Partitioning: The computation that is to be performed and the data operated on by this computation are decomposed into small tasks. 2. Communication: The communication required to coordinate task execution is determined, and appropriate execution structures and algorithms are defined. 3. Agglomeration: The task and communication structures defined in the first two stages of a design are evaluated with respect to performance requirements and implementation costs. 4. Mapping: Each task is assigned to a module in a manner that attempts to satisfy the competing goals of maximizing resource utilization and minimizing computation costs. changing date and time calendar. It has the Register, Report and Close buttons on the form. The instructions are given to the user at the bottom of the screen. Conclusion Developed a back bone structure for fingerprint authentication. Verified the effectiveness of the database and cross verified the algorithm. Complete incremental testing of various developed components and modules. Created a prototype and evaluated its effectiveness in the real world scenario Scope for future work Build a fully automated system that needs no supervision what so ever. Design a console that has a fingerprint scanner, a processor unit, a display and storage unit, that does not need a bulky computer to process the application PC BASED HOME AUTOMATION COLLEGE : MALNAD COLLEGE OF, HASSAN GUIDE : PROF.H.S.PRABHAKARA STUDENTS : AVINASH B. G CHAITHRA A. R. RAHUL K. A. SHILPA B. N. Automation is the use of control systems such as computers to control machinery and processes, replacing the human operators. For homes with larger dimensions, physically monitoring and controlling the appliances independently can be a difficult task for the user. Hence there is a necessity of monitoring and controlling the appliances using a centralized and/or automated home control mechanism. PC based Home Automation provides an easy and convenient way to control and monitor various devices in home, such as lights, fans, audio/video gadgets and more. The user can schedule the period to switch on the devices and even vary the parameters. The system alarms the user in case of fire hazards. Default screen for the user This is the default screen for the user. It accepts the fingerprint sample as an input and validates it with the previously stored templates. The title shows the Name of the organization and a dynamically Objective To control the electrical equipments/appliances in homes like motors, fans, tube lights, heaters, etc., using a PC. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

142 User can monitor and operate the electrical equipments/appliances with a PC. Timing operation of the machines & other equipments can be set for a cycle of 24 hours. It includes fire and smoke sensor modules that indicate any possible fire hazards. Block Diagram When the circuit is switched ON, the PC sends the reset signal so that the circuit is reset for fresh start. The time schedule of the operation of equipments is entered by the user. Based on the input, the PC switches on/off the relevant equipments through the relays. The application sends 6-bit control signals(actually 8 are available) to the circuit board, out of which first four bits are used to on/off any AC operated loads. The 5 th bit is used to reset the circuit for the fresh operation and the 6 th bit is used to control the load with varying parameters such as speed/intensity of devices. Besides all these circuitry, smoke & fire sensor modules are used to indicate any possible fire hazards. The power supply stage supplies the required working voltages to the whole circuit board. Buffers are used to provide extra current drive at the output. The buffer used is 16-pin DIL packaged IC Driver The driver stage boosts the signals first, then senses all bit status and according to that, switches the respective driver circuit. Variable AC Driver This stage mainly controls the AC Power supplied to the load. As per the status of control signal bits 142 the power supplied to the AC driven load is controlled and hence the speed of fan or intensity of bulb can be varied as per user s requirement. Details of Design Circuit Description The circuitry consists of following stages: Interface Stage Smoke & Fire Sensor Stage Counter & Relay Stage Load controlling Stage Regulated power supply Stage Interface Stage This Stage takes 6-bit signal as input. It provides interfacing with the printer port of the Personal Computer and the controlling circuitry. Smoke & Fire Sensor Stage This stage alarms the user in case of smoke and fire hazards. It consists DR25 as fire sensor and LDR and light source as smoke sensor. Counter & Relay Stage This stage is used to vary the parameters like speed/intensity of the devices. Load controlling Stage This stage has a Triac and Diac combination which supplies regulated AC to the Load. Regulated power supply Stage This stage supplies the required working voltages to the whole circuit board. It consists of IC 7805 and IC 7812 for providing +5V and +12V respectively. Conclusion PC Based Home Automation project mainly focuses on the control of home appliances using a PC. In the present system, the user had to manually control the devices. The proposed system has provided a better option by handling all the devices centrally using a personal computer. Scope for future work The following improvements can be made to the present work Overheating of the machines can be sensed by a thermister and signal to switch off that particular equipment can be sent to PC through the comparator (A/C converter). During operation, the fault can be sensed and the PC will switch off that particular equipment. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

143 135. SOCIO - CERTIFICATE WEB COLLEGE : NMAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, NITTE GUIDE : VINAY S STUDENTS : ANIZ M MALINI SHETTY SHUBHADHA HEGDE SONIA CARROL This project is basically meant for people who are in need of certificates such as birth and death certificate. Certificate is very important in the present world to deal with various aspects of life. If a person needs any certificate, it becomes a very long process to get from government offices. This project aims at simplifying this procedure so that these certificate issue process can be managed more effectively online on web and make available to the people in very short time. The main benefit of this project is that it saves time of the people for accessing the details of their certificates. People living in far away places will benefit a lot from such a system. The system will also have a unique identifier for every birth, the system can serve as a reference for many government schemes and can be handy tool for verification for government agencies issuing Passport, Voter ID, Diving Licence and Ration Card. Objectives To develop a web-based system to quicken the process of issuing certificates. Advantages Client Birth hospital Taluk office Birth takes place Computerized submission of birth and other details Initial copy is given through post to the permanent address Later in future Client request online Client gets the certificate to the specified address given during request after proper authentication 1. No undue delay in getting certificate. 2. Both at hospital and taluk office computerizing of data is done. 3. User request is online. 4. User will get the certificate to the address specified by user during the online request. Conclusion This software is web-based and can be accessed by user for viewing the details of different certificates. This project is highly secure and only authorized users can use it. This project is applicable to the end user, hospital user and administrator who use it based on their requirements. The request made by the user can be viewed by the admin and send the specified certificate to the user. INSTRUMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 136. EMBEDDED BASED FLUID LEVEL AND PROPORTIONATE PROGRAMMABLE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER FOR PROCESS AUTOMATION COLLEGE : PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA GUIDE : PROF. CHANNAPPA BHYRI STUDENTS : ROHAN KUMAR SAVITA BAJULGE PRAKASH H. K. Temperature is the most fundamental parameter. It is required in the routine control of industrial plant and in carrying out performance and acceptance trails. The conditions under which temperature has to be measured, differ so widely that no fixed rules can be laid down, all that is essential is that one should select the most appropriate method of temperature measurement for any given case and should fully under stand the sources of error and the limitations inherent in each method and precautious to be observed in the use of that particular instrument. The project work designed with two microcontroller units comes under the field of instrumentation, which is quite useful for the industrial automation. The system is intended to control the fluid temperature, for which 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

144 an intelligent scheme is adapted, which in turn controls the supply voltage that is applied to the heating element through Thyrister according to the liquid level. Objective To design an Embedded Based Fluid Level and Proportionate Programmable Temperature Controller for Process Automation. Components used: Temperature sensors, Analogue - digital converter, clock generator, micro controler, keyboard, LCD for display, opto couplers. Circuitry : Temperature sensing circuit and Liquid level sensing circuit. Necessary programs were developed and fabrication for demonstration unit was done. Operation Initially, the process begins from temperature sensor, the output of the sensor varies according to the temperature and it is amplified, amplified signal is converted in to digital, depending up on the digital value obtained from the ADC, the controller displays the liquid temperature in degree centigrade and controls the heating element according to the liquid temperature. System is designed as programmable, so that the required temperature (from above room temperature to 800 C approximately) can be maintained constantly. The required temperature data can be entered through keyboard, and same can be displayed through LCD panel. The temperature values also displayed in two steps, i.e., actual value and set value. Depending up on the liquid level, the Thyrister gate pulse (duty cycle) is adjusted automatically. The program is prepared fro displaying the liquid level also; level is displayed in four steps, i.e. a) high b) above normal c) below normal and d) low. When the temperature is exceeded more than the set value, immediately controller energizes the fan and break supply to the heating element through relay contacts. All above features are included in the project work. Conclusion Two different types of display systems are 144 designed for displaying the set value and actual value of the temperature, the actual value is displayed through seven segment LED display, which is interfaced with first microcontroller unit. The idea of using this diaplay is to monitor the actual value of temperature from a distance (without going near to the instrument), because the operator must have a contimuous vigilance over the actual temperature. The set value need not to be monitored continuously, there by for displaying the set value LCD panel is used and it is connected to the output port of second microcontroller unit CLOSED LOOP POSITION CONTROL USING VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION COLLEGE : PDA COLLEGE OF, GULBARGA GUIDE : PROF. RAJANNA GIRADDI STUDENTS : KASIM SAB KUSUM SHARMA LAXMI WALI Virtual instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems, called virtual instruments. Traditional or natural instrumentation systems are made up of pre-defined hardware components, such as digital multi-meters and oscilloscopes that are completely specific to their stimulus, analysis, or measurement function. Because of their hard-coded function, these systems are more limited in their versatility than virtual instrumentation systems. The primary difference between natural instrumentation and virtual instrumentation is the software component of a virtual instrument. The software enables complex and expensive equipment to be replaced by simpler and less expensive hardware. A synthetic instrument performs a specific synthesis, analysis, or measurement function on completely generic, measurement agnostic hardware. Virtual instruments can still have measurement specific hardware and tend to emphasize modular hardware approaches that facilitate this specificity. The robotic arm movement and control is often encountered for many applications such as object picking, placing and packaging etc. Using stepper motors, which have got limited, fine and precise degree of rotational resolution beyond which the motor cannot stop / stay in that particular position backlash is observed, does all these. It requires stepper motor coil 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

145 position decoding circuit, which is economic, user friendly and most adoptable method. The stepper motors are widely used in the industrial robotic arm control applications due to the ease of position control. In closed-loop system, the position can be maintained constant by adjusting the motor terminal voltage. Smaller DC motors operate at lower voltages, which make them easier to interface with control electronics. Major problem in applying a conventional control algorithm in a position controller is the effects of nonlinearity in a DC motor. Emerging intelligent techniques have been developed and extensively used to improve or to replace the conventional control techniques because these techniques do not require a precise model. Conclusion The present system is unidirectional control system i.e., data from PC can be transmitted to the external device / circuitry. Further the bidirectional data transfer can be done i.e., Data from the PC to external world. 1. Data from external world into the PC can be transmitted. 2. Labview based parallel port data acquisition system for Laboratory experiments / small experiments / dedicated system can be designed and constructed using the theory. This would be cost effective AUTOMATIC RATION DISPENSER COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECH., HOSPET GUDIE : PROF. SANDHYA DASS STUDENTS : GAURAV BHARADWAJ AMIT KULKARNI SHIVAPRASAD V G In India, being a rural dominated country, almost all the states have subsidized ration distribution to help the poor. Until now, the ration dispensing system is manual and through fair price depots. In this manual distribution system there can be theft and clerical errors in the entries. To overcome these, there is a need for an automatic ration dispenser. Objective To design and manufacture an Automated Ration Dispenser The automatic ration dispenser system works with a single semiconductor type of ID card, in which each customer s information like customer ID, name, allocated quota, whether this month s ration is taken or not, how much is taken etc. are fed. It consists of three sections viz. ID card section; Dispenser Section and off-track section. The ID card stores the ration dispensed information and can be read or written or modify the stored data. The dispenser section executes the command sent by the PC on how much ration is to be discharged and also displays the command execution on LCD. The off-track section takes care of proper placement of containers below the dispenser cone and if the container is not properly placed, the buzzer will be alarmed. The essential components of the ID card section include ID card, card holder, buffer, indicator and a computer with software. The dispensing section includes buffer & drive unit, switches & relays, vending machine with motor, microcontroller chip and LCD module. The off-track section includes light source, sensor, light sensitive switch, buzzer and power supply unit. The PC reads the customer information from the card and based on the input command by the operator activates the vending machine to dispense the quantity of ration entered. Once the dispensing is over, it automatically stores the data into the card. The card has an erasable type of memory, to facilitate easy writing/ editing and so on. Conclusions Very useful and effective in overcoming the human errors and dependency. Also this can be used for wide range of applications. The only disadvantage is that illiterate people find it difficult to operate and need some training THEME PARK USING AUTOMATION COLLEGE : PROUDHADEVARAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, HOSPET GUIDE : PRAKASH S. STUDENTS : BHAVANA P. B. SADHANA B. K. RASHMI A. JOSHI NASEEM BEGUM N. The main aim of this project is, automation in national park. In this only the authorized vehicles are allowed into the park by transmission and receiving signals at the gate. As the vehicle moves in the park and approaches the particular block of animals the speakerphone is activated to give the information about the respective animals, which is pre-recorded. An electrical fencing is being provided for the security 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

146 of animals and also gives information to the control room, if any one tries to cut-off the power line. Delivery of information automatically Safety to the wild life. The vehicle can be tracked when it is inside the park MECHANICAL 140. DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PNEUMATIC ENGINE DEVELOPED FOR IC-ENGINE HYBRIDIZATION 146 Block arrangement in the park Active RFID transmitter for sending radio frequency signals at particular frequency of 433 Mhz to generate unique code. High frequency generator to generate a high frequency signals. Power fencing arrangement is used to supply power in the fencing and to maintain a particular voltage. Tag receiver for receiving the RF signals transmitted from the transmitter. Gate open / close system is to open the gate when the signal received gets matched required code. The arrangement at the vehicle side is made as follows: Microcontroller runs the program for checking if any signals are available at different input lines then depending on the received code it executes the corresponding subroutine and gives signals to the voice processor. In voice processor unit, in accordance with the signal from the microcontroller activates the particular channel and the pre-recorded information is amplified and given to the speaker to get the audio output. Features Prohibition of unauthorized vehicles into the park. COLLEGE : BASAVESHWAR COLLEGE, BAGALKOT GUIDE : PROF. KUPPAST V. V. STUDENTS : HIVASHARANAYYA SWAMY VEERANNA S. ANGADI VIRUPAXAPPA S. KONNUR SOMASHEKHAR S. KALLIMATH Pneumatics system work with pressurized gases that are used to transmit and control power. As the name implies pneumatic system typically use air (rather than gas) as a fluid medium because air save is safe, low cost and readily available. It is particularly safe in environments where an electrical spark could ignite fluids leaking for system components. There are several reasons for preferring pneumatics system to hydraulic system. Liquids exhibits inertia than do gases. Therefore in hydraulics system the weight of the oil is a potential problem when accelerating and decelerating actuators and when suddenly opening and closing valve. Due to Newton s second law of motion, the force required to accelerate oil is many times greater than that required to accelerating an equal volume of air. Liquids also exhibits greater viscosity than gases, these results in large frictional pressure and power losses. Since hydraulic substances are fluids foreign to the atmosphere, they require special reservoirs and no leak system designs, pneumatic system use air that is directly exhausted into the atmosphere. Constructional features: Two solenoid switches are provided which are connected to the main inlet of the compressor and each of these solenoids are intern connected to each cylinder by two lines. The cylinder ram is connected to the crank connecting lever through the connecting bush, which is connecting the crank shaft which rotates the crank plate which is held between the axles held within the ball bearing housing. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :

147 Operational features: When the supply of air is push of the ram of the cylinder completes the half turn of the crank plate and starts and stops at the limit switch which is preset as per the stroke required. The solenoid switch opens the pressure line connected to the cylinder to push the ram and returns back by the opening of the opposite port to push back the ram, completing the full cycle. Hybridization: In conventional vehicles, the entire power is derived from the IC engine, so it is obligatory to size the enzine larger than the necessary for its cruising speed. The engine is to be designed to account for peak power requirements like acceleration. This over sizing the engine shifts the operating point from its efficient zone and this adversely affects the fuel economy and emissions. The idea of hybridization is that a part of the total power required can be replaced by an auxillary power source, generally a motor powered by pneumatics. Hence the IC engine can be designed for average load and can be operated with better fuel efficiency. Conclusion Torque, speed and power characteristics are the deciding factors in selection of a pneumatic engine to power a vehicle. The maximum speed of 270 rpm at pressure of 0.25N/mm 2 is achieved at constant load condition for this setup. From pressure v/s speed curve it is found tha the shaft speed is controlled by varying input pressure to the pneumatic cylinders. Less wear and tear, low investment and pollution free ZERO EMISSION VEHICLE COLLEGE : G M INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DAVANGERE GUIDE : HARSHA H M STUDENTS : MALLIKARJUN U BELAGAVI RAMAKRISHNA J SANTOSH KUMAR L SHASHI KUMAR D C The motor vehicles are common in the 21st century and so widely used, humans are continuously exposed to air pollution from motor vehicles. Toxic and carcinogenic air pollutants from motor vehicles are of concern because they are known or suspected of causing cancer in humans and pose a threat even at very low levels. Hydrocarbons and nigrogen oxides from motor vehicles form smog (ground level ozone), which damages lung tissue and aggravates respiratory disease. Children and elderly are especially vulnerable to smog. Smog from motor vehicles inhibits plant growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forests. Air pollution from motor vehicles contributes to the formation of acid rain and global warming. Advances in vehicle emission control technology are making it possible to produce new vehicles with lower emissions. Electric vehicles sometimes referred to as Zero-emission Vehicles are gaining attention as an option for improving air quality. Scope for Future Work For longer running distances, adequate air storage facilities are needed to be developed. In order to evolve sucessful pneumatic vehicle, it is important to develop not only an efficient engine but also an adequate light weight air storage system mechanism for recharging of compressed air and suitable method for controlling the air flow. Design and development of air flow control system and air storage facilities for a pneumatic engine. Using magnetic sensors instead of limiting switches. Using more number of pneumatic cylinders greater torque can be developed. 31 st Series : SPP : KSCST :