By Richard Smardon PhD Professor of Environmental Studies, SUNY/ESF

Transcription

1 TREATMENT WETLAND RESEARCH & IMPLEMENTATION IN CENTRAL NEW YORK as part of Wetlands, Watersheds and Resources Technical Assistance partnership Forum Thursday March 22, 2012 Center of Excellence By Richard Smardon PhD Professor of Environmental Studies, SUNY/ESF

2 Green Infrastructure & wetlands! Drivers! Urban runoff water quality & CWA! Flooding & erosion control prevention! Air quality & microclimate improvement! Improving urban health & amenities! Growth control vs. urban regeneration

3 Green Infrastructure Questions! Issues affecting GI implementation! Obstacles to implementation (NSF/USFS Ultra)! Cost effectiveness (Jaffe et al 2010)! Emergy analysis (Rodriguez 2011)! Life cycle analysis (Rodriguez 2011)! Effectiveness in providing ecological services (see CNT 2010)

4 Ongoing Research projects! CNY Watershed Project > Harbor Brook CSO Treatment Wetlands! Agricultural Waste Treatment Wetlands! Green Infrastructure NSF/ US Forest Service ULTRA project in Syracuse, NY

5 HARBOR BROOK TREATMENT WETLAND CASE STUDY #1! PROJECT PARTNERSHIP:! ATLANTIC STATES LEGAL FOUNDATION! SUNY COLLEGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & FORESTRY! ONONDAGA COUNTY + CITY OF SYRACUSE! PILOT STUDY: IDENTIFY SITES FOR CSO TREATMENT > BUILD w/ch2mhill

6 PLANNING STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION! Review of sites proposed for creating treatment wetlands! Eleven sites reviewed for : access, land availability, engineering feasibility, hydrology, soils, drainage area, and upstream CSO loading

7 PLANNING PROJECT RESULTS! Harbor Brook = selected site! Site design for wetland treatment! Land/existing facility availability! Topography! Compatible environmental resources

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9 Map of Frontenac s Expedition Route against the Onondagas, Source: Naval Department, Government of France.

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11 Harbor Brook Watershed Delineation and Land Use Characterization

12 The image cannot be displayed. Your computer may not have enough memory to open the image, or the image may have been corrupted. Restart your computer, and then open the file again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the image and then insert it again. Present Day Land Use in Areas of Former Wetlands (Onondaga Lake Drainage) Area in Acres Low Intens. Resid. High Intens. Resid. Comm/Ind/Transp Quarries/Strip Mines Decid. Forest Evergreen Forest Mixed Forest Pasture/Hay Row Crops Urban Grasses Woody Wetlands Emerg. Herb. Wetlands Low Intens. Resid. High Intens. Resid. Comm/Ind/Transp Quarries/Strip Mines Decid. Forest Evergreen Forest Mixed Forest Pasture/Hay Row Crops Urban Grasses Woody Wetlands Emerg. Herb. Wetlands Land Use Types

13 Successful Constructed Wetlands Case Studies in US

14 Results! The planted gravel beds achieve better than 90% removal of chemicals than the planted soil beds which remove around 80%! Ammonia-35% was removed in all beds! Oxidized nitrogen was always low in each bed! Phosphorus removal showed to be insignificant in the gravel beds but not in the soil beds

15 Aerial View of Current site Grand Ave Stream. Velasko Rd.

16 Typical streambed character!

17 CSO Inlets

18 View of Harbor Brook wetland site

19 Water issues: Fecal Coliform Bacteria Phosphorus Overload Nitrogen Overload

20 Stage Derived from Manning's Equation for Harbor Brook At Velasco Road, 1 yr. Storm Ser ies Time

21 Slow Particulate Sediment Flow

22 Nutrient flow & absorption in sediment & vegetation

23 WETLAND DESIGN CHANGE #1! Subsurface wetland treatment design for CSO! Features of the design include:! Distributional inflow system! Series of subsurface treatment beds allows! Year round aerobic & anaerobic processes! Outflow collection system! Potential for created wetlands on surface using!!treated discharge!

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27 Aquatic plants in future wetland

28 Treatment wetland design change #2! Lower Levels of Phosphorus, Nitrates and Fecal Coliform Bacteria from CSO! Through design of 3 linked wetlands: floating islands, vertical and horizontal! SUNY/ESF will operate & monitor 3 treatment wetlands for removal effectiveness for organics and coliform bacteria

29 Second Case Study: Agricultural WQ Treatment with Restored Wetlands! By Lauren Johnson, PhD NRCS! under Prof. R.C. Smardon s direction as a PhD graduate student at SUNY/ESF

30 Problem Map of Delivered Yield of Nitrogen-Agriculture: The map identifies the Upper Chenango River Watershed (located north of Norwich, NY) as being in the: 75 th 100 th Percentile of Delivered Nitrogen (kg/ag hec/yr).

31 Source (typical) Palmetier Farm-Sherburne, NY Susquehanna River and Chesapeake Bay Watershed Strategic Plan (USC 2004)

32 Biotransformation Function Nitrogen Transformation In Wetlands adapted from Mitsch and Gosselink (1993) USDA NRCS Constructed Wetland (CW-656) Constructed Wetlands adapted from USDA NRCS 2005

33 Wetland Research!"#$%&'()*+,-).%/"-0+"1+'2%+3%4%)-$25+62%+7"/+89):-).+9**(4'-)'%4+'2%+8%8($;<%+-%)4"#9#:+*%)89#:+'"+'2%+ /9'2+'2%+'2-%%+-%*)'%8+-%4%)-$2+D(%4;"#4E+

34 Wetland Research Study Areas Maps of Study Areas: The maps show the locations of Chenango County, its major watersheds, and the Long Acres Wetland.

35 Wetland Science FG H I+#"+%J%$'+"#+K6L3++ FG M I+/9**+8%$-%)4%+K6L3E+ Hydraulic Restoration Variables: The flow diagram illustrates nitrogen polluted runoff interacting with wetland biotransformation variables and their as measurable covariates.

36 Wetland Application (typical) Tanis Farm Pitcher, NY! 0 5,000 10,000 Meters Map of 44 Selected hydric polygons/farms

37 Findings FG H I+#"+%J%$'+"#+K6L3++ FG M I+/9**+8%$-%)4%+K6L3E+ Finding 1 The restored Long Acres Wetland significantly reduced N in runoff &-%N+)#8++&"4'N-%4'"-);"#+O6LP+)#8+K6L3 related research- enhanced habitat function muskrat house future research - advective flow 2D horizontal conductivity 2005 / 2006

38 Findings (H 0 ) no drained wetlands are suitable (H 1 ) all drained wetlands are suitable Finding 2 restorable degraded wetlands are readily available Q94'-9R(;"#+"1+'2%+,9#)*+SS+GC8-9$+T"9*+A"*C:"#4 related research - applicable to other places Targeted Susquehanna Basin Watersheds future research - trends of agriculture!"-#%**+@"8%*5+&-%89$'4+<)**%c+)-%)4+/9**+4(&&"-'+8)9-c+ 1)-.4

39 Findings FG H I+'2%+.)X"-9'C+"1+4(-<%C%8+4')0%2"*8%-4+Y/9**+"&&"4%Z++ FG M I+'2%+.)X"-9'C+"1+4(-<%C%8+4')0%2"*8%-4+Y/9**+4(&&"-'Z Finding 3 RW-T BMP is generally supported by wetland stakeholders 4(-<%C+&)-;$9&)#'4V+.%)#+W90%-'+T$)*%+<)*(%4 wetland stakeholderdairy farmer related research - groups are divergent in ideology wetland stakeholderrural resident future research - wetland policy change is required =)'%-+U()*9'CN=%'*)#8+3%4'"-);"#+A"*9$C+ T$294.

40 Synthesis local dairy farmers Flow Diagram of Water Quality-Wetland Stakeholders Interactions: The flow diagram illustrates the linkage and capacity building between the Chesapeake Bay Stakeholders and the Chenango County Water Quality Coordinating Committee, providing an opportunity to implement restored wetland-treatment projects through a demonstration project.

41 Synthesis Ingert Farm-Smyrna, T(RN=)'%-42%8+,) %+.)&+42"/4+ '2%+*"$);"#4+"1+MS+8)9-C+1)-.4+/9'2+ 4(9')R*%+8-)9#%8+/%'*)#84+/9'2+ $"--%4&"#89#:+1)-.%-+.";<);"#)*+ -)#09#:+#(.R%-+FYMZN+29:2%4'+-)#0%8IE+ Harmon Farm-Sherburne, NY Proskine Farm-Norwich, NY

42 Questions?