UNESCO/IHA GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) RESEARCH PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

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1 IHP/GHG-WG/9 June 2011 UNESCO/IHA GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) RESEARCH PROJECT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INDIA REGIONAL WORKSHOP THE APPLICATION OF THE UNESCO/IHA GHG MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES APRIL 2011 IIT ROORKEE GREATER NOIDA CAMPUS - INDIA

2 The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of facts contained in this publication and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

OF THE UNESCO/IHA GHG MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES

CAMPUS - INDIA Organised in partnership with:

of Earth Sciences Ministry of New and Renewable

3 UNESCO/IHA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Research Project INDIA REGIONAL WORKSHOP THE APPLICATION OF THE UNESCO/IHA GHG MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES APRIL 2011 IIT ROORKEE GREATER NOIDA CAMPUS - INDIA Organised in partnership with: Co-sponsored by: IIT ROORKEE UNW-DPC Ministry of Earth Sciences Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Government of India EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Document track: Drafted by Joel A. Goldenfum (IHA) Comments from: Miguel Doria (UNESCO-IHP), Atle Harby (SINTEF) 1

4 Background to UNESCO/IHA Project Two scientific workshops on the Greenhouse Gas Status (GHG) of Freshwater Reservoirs were hosted by UNESCO, in Paris (France, 2006), and in Iguassu (Brazil, 2007), as part of UNESCO IHP-VI ( ) and continued under IHP-VII ( ). One of the conclusions from the 2006 workshop was to focus on more research and better understanding of processes and key parameters leading to the emission of methane from tropical reservoirs. The 2007 workshop recommended that an analytical process should be developed to determine whether GHG emissions from future reservoir sites are likely to be a significant issue to support this process, that a Measurement Specification Guidance should be developed, to be applied to a set of representative reservoir schemes in order to collect data for the development of predictive modelling tools and mitigation guidance for vulnerable sites. Through the UNESCO initiative, the issue of GHG emissions from reservoirs has been pursued with assistance from a group of scientists through a project proposal for a global assessment of GHG emissions from freshwater reservoirs. This work was followed up by a meeting in Paris in January 2008 to finalise a Scoping Paper, a Workshop on Measurement Guidance in London in November 2008, a Workshop on Site Selection and Database in São Paulo, Brazil, in May 2009, a Workshop on Field Measurements and Data Analysis in Montreal, Canada, in September 2009, and a Workshop on Interfaces between the field data and the predictive modelling tools, in Oakridge, USA, in August The Project aims to improve understanding on the impact of reservoirs on natural GHG emissions, to obtain a better comprehension on the processes involved and to help overcome knowledge gaps. The overall objective of the Project is the evaluation of the carbon footprint (net GHG emissions), resulting from the construction of a freshwater reservoir within a river basin, as well as potential mitigation measures. The main strategies of the Project can be summarized as: (1) development of a measurement guidance; (2) site election, field measurements and measurement coordination; (3) development and validation of one or more empirical modelling tools; (4) development and calibration of one or more process-based modelling tools; (5) guidance and assessment tools for mitigation of GHG emissions for vulnerable sites. The first two years of the Project culminated with the publication of the GHG Measurement Guidelines for Freshwater Reservoirs, a pioneering document, describing standardised procedures for field measurements and the calculation methods to estimate the impact of the creation of a reservoir over the GHG emissions. The present Project activities include: application of the Guidelines to a set of representative reservoirs, to build a reliable, standardised results database - Contacts and agreements have been (or are being) developed for application of the GHG Measurement Guidelines in reservoirs of hydropower dams in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, United States, China, Malaysia, Laos, Australia, Portugal; Building a database of results, with emphasis on filling knowledge gaps, in order to develop the basis for predictive models; Quality Assurance, Quality Control, and Capacity Building issues. 2

5 Summary of Workshop Activities The India Regional Workshop on the Application of the UNESCO/IHA GHG Measurement Guidelines was convened at the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Greater Noida Campus (IIT Roorkee, India), on April 2011, hosted by the Alternative Hydro Energy Centre of the Indian Institute of Technology (AHEC-IIT), with support from the United Nations University, UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC). During the first day (04/April/2011), the activities comprised: an opening session, where Dr Arun Kumar (AHEC-IIT, India) and Prof Sc Saxena (IIT Roorkee, India) welcomed the participants and exposed the importance of the subject, Dr Miguel Doria (UNESCO-IHP) and Mr Tormod Schei (Statkraft, Norway) introduced the Institutions they represent and explained their role in the UNESCO/IHA GHG Research Project, and Dr Joel Goldenfum (IHA) summarised the schedule and objectives of the workshop, and also gave an update of the Project present state and future activities; presentation of the main principles for the application of the GHG Measurement Guidelines, when Mr Atle Harby (SINTEF, Norway) described the main processes in the reservoir, Ms Julie Bastien (Environnement Illimité, Canada) introduced the field measurement techniques and calculations, Dr Joel Goldenfum (IHA) presented the UNESCO/IHA GHG Measurement Guidelines, and Dr JS Pandey (Neeri, India) summarised the GHG research developed in India; examples of field measurement applications, when Mr Stéphane Descloux (EDF, France) described the GHG Monitoring Programme in the Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Generation System, in Laos, Dr Marco Aurelio dos Santos (COPPE/UFRJ, Brazil) described the Brazilian experience on the subject, and Mr Atle Harby (SINTEF, Norway) described the Norwegian experience on assessments of GHG emissions from freshwater reservoirs; going from raw data to fluxes and stocks, when Mr Atle Harby (SINTEF, Norway) presented the principles on how to estimate the fluxes and stocks from the raw field data, Ms Julie Bastien (Environnement Illimité, Canada) and Mr Stéphane Descloux (EDF, France)presented examples of these assessments, and Mr Tormod Schei (Statkraft, Norway) gave a presentation on Sustainable Hydropower. The second day (08/April/2011) included: application of the GHG Measurement Guidelines, when Dr Joel Goldenfum (IHA) showed how to put together a GHG monitoring programme, applying the concepts from the UNESCO/IHA GHG Measurement Guidelines, and data from hydropower systems in Laos and Chile were used in two group exercises to simulate the structure of a Planning Document for establishing the monitoring strategy of different systems of cascade reservoirs; and the conclusions of the Workshop, when Dr Joel Goldenfum (IHA) summarised the two days of activities and Dr Arun Kumar (AHEC-IIT, India) presented the way forward. The detailed meeting Agenda is presented in Annex 1 and the complete list of participants is presented in Annex 2. Each one of the delegates received a copy of the GHG Measurement Guidelines for Freshwater Reservoirs. 3

6 Main Outcomes The present state of development of the UNESCO/IHA GHG research Project was presented to the Indian scientific and technical community, allowing the possibility of exchanging knowledge and performing practical exercises on developing GHG Measuring Programme Planning (Monitoring Strategy). The application of the UNESCO/IHA GHG Measurement Guidelines in national GHG measuring programmes was discussed, including the need for training, capacity building, practical challenges and other issues. Possible ways for collaborative efforts were discussed. Representatives of IHA, UNESCO and several Research Institutions in India agreed on progressing in the discussions for setting a collaborative agreement for International Cooperation Scheme on GHG emissions from reservoirs in an Indian basin. Of fundamental importance is the need for raising the necessary resources (in terms of financial, logistic and personal requirements) to pursue the purpose of this Workshop, in order to advance knowledge in this area and the objectives of the UNESCO/IHA GHG Research Project. 4

7 ANNEX 1 Meeting Agenda 5

8 INDIA REGIONAL WORKSHOP THE APPLICATION OF THE UNESCO/IHA GHG MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES APRIL 2011 IIT ROORKEE GREATER NOIDA CAMPUS - INDIA AGENDA Day Session Time Activity 04/APR MONDAY Morning 04/APR MONDAY Afternoon 05/APR TUESDAY Morning 05/APR TUESDAY Afternoon Opening Main Principles 20 min Presentations and 10 min questions Field measurement applications 20 min Presentations and 10 min questions Going from raw data to fluxes and stocks 20 min Presentations 10 min questions Application of the GHG MEASUREMENT GUIDELINES Conclusions UNESCO/IHA Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Research Project 09:00 09:30 09:30 10:15 Registration Opening Arun Kumar (AHEC-IIT, INDIA) Prof SC Saxena, Director IIT Roorkee Miguel Doria (UNESCO-IHP) Tormod Schei (Statkraft, Norway) 10:15 10:45 Schedule and Objectives of the Workshop Update on the UNESCO/IHA GHG Research Project Joel Goldenfum (IHA) 10:45 11:00 Coffee-break 11:00 11:30 Main Processes in the reservoir and Carbon Budget Atle Harby (SINTEF Norway) 11:30 12:00 12:00 12:30 What to measure and how to do measurements Julie Bastien (Environnement Illimité Canada) The GHG Measurement Guidelines for Freshwater Reservoirs Joel Goldenfum (IHA) 12:30 13:00 GHG Research Work in India J.S. Pandey (NEERI India) 13:00 14:00 LUNCH 14:00 14:30 14:30 15:00 15:00 15:30 The GHG Monitoring Programme in NT-2 Stéphane Descloux (EdF France) The Brazilian Experience Marco Aurélio dos Santos (COPPE-UFRJ Brazil) The Norwegian Experience Atle Harby (SINTEF Norway) 15:30 15:45 Coffee-Break 15:45 16:15 Going from raw data to fluxes and stocks: Principles Atle Harby (SINTEF Norway) 16:15 16:45 16:45 17:00 17:00-18: onwards 09:00 09:15 09:15 09:30 Going from raw data to fluxes and stocks: Examples Julie Bastien (Environnement Illimité Canada) Stéphane Descloux (EdF France) Sustainable Hydropower Tormod Schei (Statkraft, Norway) General Discussion Dinner at Stellar Gymkhana lawns How to put together a GHG Monitoring Programme Exercise 1 - description 09:30 10:30 Group Activity Exercise 1 10:30 10:45 Coffee-Break 10:45 11:45 Exercise1 discussion of results 11:45 12:00 Exercise 2 - description 12:00 13:00 Group Activity Exercise 2 13:00 14:00 LUNCH 14:00 15:00 Exercise2 discussion of results 15:00 16:00 Summaries of the Group Exercises and discussions 16:00 16:15 Coffee-Break 16:15 16:45 Conclusions 6

9 ANNEX 2 List of Participants 7

10 Ref No Title Name Job Title/ Dept Organisation Country 1 Prof. SC Saxena Director IIT Roorkee India 2 Dr. Arun Kumar Head Alternate Hydro Energy Centre India 3 Dr Joel Goldenfum Project Manager IHA - 4 Dr Miguel Doria Assistant, Progranne Specialist UNESCO-IHP - 5 Mr Tormod Schei Vise President Environmet Statkraft AS Norway 6 Mr Atle Harby Senior Engineer/Researcher SINTEF Energy Research Norway 7 Ms. Julie Bastien Project Manager Environnement Illimité inc Canada 8 Mr Stephane Descloux Researcher EDF France 9 Dr Marco Aurelio dos Santos Assistant Professor COPPE/UFRJ Brazil 10 Dr. Kusum Arunachalam Assistant Professor Doon University India 11 Dr. Archana Sharma Assistant Professor Doon University India 12 Dr. Vrash Bhanu Bhatt Sr. Manager, Environment NHDC Ltd. India 13 Mr. Pyush Dorga Environmental Specialist The World Bank India 14 Mrs. Sonia Chand Sr. Environmental Specialist The World Bank India 15 Mr. Vinay Shankar India 16 Mr. Venketa Narasimha Rao Thota Scientist E-II National Institute of Oceanography India 17 Mr. Bhuwesh Kumar Bhatt Dirtector MNRE India 18 Mr. Jitesh Kumar Research Assistant (Forestry) Ministry of Environment & Forests India 19 Er. Vishal Sharma Assistant Engineer Environment himachal Pradesh Power Corporation India 20 Mr. Abhishek Markam Executive GMR - Energy Pvt. Ltd. India 21 Mr. Shivdayal Sharma Executive Hydrology GMR Consulting Services Pvt. Ltd. India 22 Mr. Shubham Mishra Engineer (Environment) THDC India Limited India 23 Ms. Indu Palau Engineer THDC India Ltd. India 24 Mr. Devaj Barua Assistant Manager NHPC Ltd India 25 Mr. Vipin Kumar Chief (Environment) NHPC Ltd India 26 Mr. Amit Pokhriyal Junior Engineer Uttarakhand Environment Project India 27 Mr. Bharat Darshan Sr. Executive Engineer H.P. State Electricity Board Ltd. Shimla - 4 India 28 Mr. Pankaj Chaudhary Deputy Manager SJVN Limited India 29 Dr. M. Someshwar Rao Scientist National Institute of Hydrology India 30 Dr. Jaishanker Pandey Scientist Deputy Director Neeri, Nauipur India 31 Mr. Vijay Kapur Executive Director C.E.S (I) Pvt. Ltd. India 32 Mrs. Shanti Vaidya Chief Research Officer Central Water and Power Research Station India 33 Mr. Vikas Bahugna Executive Engineer Uttarakhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd. India 34 Mr. Ravi Mittal Engineer Consulting Engineering Serice Pvt. Ltd. India 35 Dr. Rajendra Singh Scientist Assistant Uttarakhan Environment Protection & Pollution Control Board (UEPPCB) 36 Dr. Manivanan.R Ramasamy Assistant Research Officer Central Water & Power R. Station India 37 Mr. Dharam Vir Gupta Senior Executive Engineer (Civil) HPSEB Ltd. India 38 Mr. Suresh Chandra Sharma Chief Engineer and Director Irrigation Uttarakhand India 39 Mr. Nand Kishore Sharma Superintending Engineer Irrigation Design Organization India 40 Dr. Mahendra Pal Sharma Associate Professor Alternate Hydro Energy Centre India 41 Prof. Sharad Jain Professor IIT Roorkee India 42 Mr. Bhurnesh Sharma Manager Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation India India 8

WORKSHOP FRAMEWORK AND SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION: TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE EXPERT GROUP ON THE GHG EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR FRESHWATER RESERVOIRS

IHP/GHG-WG/11 December 2011 UNESCO/IHA GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) RESEARCH PROJECT WORKSHOP FRAMEWORK AND SUMMARY OF DISCUSSION: TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE EXPERT GROUP ON THE GHG EMISSIONS ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR