Sao Paulo. May th September 2007

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Aubrie Morris
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1 Sao Paulo May th September 2007

2 Symphony Environmental Technologies PLASTIC (53 COUNTRIES) WASTE-TO-ENERGY

3 Oxo-biodegradable Plastics Association Scientific Advisory Board: Professor Gerald Scott (UK) (Chairman), Professor Emo Chiellini (Italy), Professor Jaques Lemaire (France), Professor Norman Billingham (UK), Professor Ignacy Jakubowicz (Sweden), Professor Telmo Ojeda (Brazil), Dr. David Wiles (Canada).

4 Isn t plastic fantastic?

5 The Benefits of Plastic Packaging Lightweight Flexible Strong/Durable Economical Heat sealable Impervious to moisture Printable Recyclable

6 BUT

10 100,000 *FACT OVER 100,000 MARINE ANIMALS DIE EVERY YEAR FROM PLASTIC ENTANGLEMENT TRUE

12 THE SOLUTION OXO-BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC

13 The alternative Hydro-biodegradable Made from starch, PLA etc (Commonly called bioplastic or biopolymer or compostable (Not to be confused with watersoluble)

14 Standards and Terminology Oxo-degradation is defined by TC249/WG9 of CEN (the European Standards Organisation) as degradation resulting from oxidative cleavage of macromolecules. and oxo-biodegradadation as resulting from oxidative and cell-mediated phenomena, either simultaneously or successively.

15 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) ASTM D Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation

16 How does Oxobiodegradation work?

17 WHAT IS OXO-BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC MADE FROM? NAPTHA A bye-product of oil refining Good environmental sense (in future possibly from bio-ethanol)

18 NO SPECIAL MACHINERY OR WORKFORCE

19 STANDARDS Until recently no standards for oxo The French Standards organisation, AFNOR, published in July 2007 a Standard (XP T ) for oxo-biodegradable plastics in agriculture. A draft standard (8472) capable of measuring oxo-biodegradation has also been published by the British Standards Institution in Oxo-biodegradable plastic can be tested according to American Standard ASTM D for Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation

20 EN (ASTM 6400) Requires almost complete conversion of the carbon in the plastic to CO 2, thus depriving the resulting compost of carbon, which is needed for plant growth, and wasting it by emission to atmosphere. A leaf would not pass the CO2 emission test EN 13432, does not however require that plastics biodegrade during and after composting within any particular time-scale. Paragraph 5 of EN says: "It is important to recognise that it is not necessary that biodegradation of packaging material or packaging be fully completed by the end of biological treatment in technical plants but that it can subsequently be completed during the use of the compost produced"

21 EN (ASTM 6400) The EU Packaging Waste Directive does NOT require that when a packaging product is marketed as degradable or compostable conformity with the Directive must be assessed by reference to EN The Directive provides that conformity with its essential requirements may be presumed if EN is complied with, but it does not exclude proof of conformity by other evidence, such as a report from an accredited testing institution. Indeed Annex Z of EN13432 itself says that it provides only one means of conforming with the essential requirements.

22 Products Available PE, PP, PS (Not PET) Carrier bags or shopper-bags which consumers use to take away their purchases from the shop Refuse sacks, which consumers buy in rolls at the shop, and use for disposal of their ordinary household waste. Aprons, for the protection of garments, in the home, hospitals, restaurants, workshops etc. Bags to contain dog faeces collected in parks, gardens, etc Bin liners Gloves Bread bags Frozen food bags Wrappers for cigarette packets Shrink-wrap and pallet-wrap Bubble-wrap Rigid products such as bottles and cups

24 DURABLE BAGS 3-5 YEARS

25 What can you do with it? RECYCLE (Erema TVE 1300) MAKE FROM RECYCLATE INCINERATE COMPOST (in vessel) LANDFILL (no methane) BUT.if not collected

27 Residues? Water, CO2, Biomass, Trace elements NO HEAVY METALS OWS - ECO-TOXICITY TESTS

28 OWS Ecotoxity Test 8 th March 2006

30 RAPRA Food Safety test 12 th April 2005

31 SYMPHONY REJECTED HYDRO BECAUSE: TOO EXPENSIVE CANNOT RECYCLE (Recoup) NEEDS MICROBIAL ENVIRONMENT EMITS CO 2 TOO FAST EMITS METHANE IN LANDFILL NOT STRONG ENOUGH THICKER AND HEAVIER NOT SUITABLE FOR HIGH SPEED MACHINES NOT RENEWABLE (HYDRO-CARBONS and FERTILISERS) LAND AND WATER RESOURCES

32 GOVERNMENTS BAN OR TAX

33 Who is using d2w oxo-biodegradable?

35 Two weeks ago, Symphony heard from the Commercial Packaging Manager of the Co-op as follows: I am happy to say that we are using oxobiodegradable polythene films for direct food contact applications. We currently use these materials for pre-packed produce, self serve produce, pre-packed bread, frozen vegetables and fresh turkeys as well as for carrier bags. The approval for use has been based on the very strict EU requirements under EU Directives 2002/72/EC and 2004/19/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. We have been using these materials for food contact use since 2004.

36 Co-op carrier bags The Co-op s d 2 w carrier bags are manufactured and supplied through Bunzl, the UK s leading supplier to the retail trade

37 On 3 rd May this year the Environment Committee of the UK Periodical Publishers Association recommended that their members use oxo-biodegradable plastic film for wrapping their magazines.

38 Government of Chile Ministra del Medio Ambiente del Chile explicó en terreno bondades de bolsas biodegradables. Jueves 9 de Agosto de La biodegradación de las bolsas de polietileno Jumbo se produce gracias al uso de un aditivo en la fabricación de las mismas sin alterar las propiedades básicas de resistencia e higiene de las bolsas. Este aditivo fragiliza las cadenas moleculares del plástico y lo convierte en material sensible a la luz solar, humedad, tensión mecánica y temperatura, y en una sustancia digerible por microorganismos El aditivo cuenta con certificaciones internacionales que avalan su contribución a la degradación del plástico y las propiedades higiénicas aptas para su contacto con alimentos.

J-Trend Systems, Inc. For better Green Solution

J-Trend Systems, Inc. For better Green Solution Distributor of Symphony Environmental Inc. (Territory: China, Taiwan)) Oxo-biodegradable Technologies www.symphonyenvironmental.cn Trade Mark: d2w TM What