Introduction to the Community Earth System Model
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1 Introduction to the Community Earth System Model CESM Chief Scientist National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder, CO USA 1
2 Evolution of climate modeling 2
3 Carbon cycle in the Earth System IPCC AR5 Ch.6 3
4 IPCC AR5 Ch.6 4
5 Processes in the CESM land model Biogeochemical cycles Glacier Water systems Wetland CH4 Flooding River Routing Runoff Irrigation Lake Competition Vegetation Dynamics CO2 BVOCs Soil NOx Disturbance River discharge Land Use Change Urban Wood harvest Crops Growth Human systems Ecosystem 5
6 Absorbed solar Aerosol deposition Diffuse solar Reflected solar SCF Surface energy fluxes Radiation Surface water Downwelling longwave Emitted longwave Latent heat flux Soil (sand, clay, organic) Heat Sensible heat flux 0 Ground heat flux Current processes in CLM Momentum Momentum flux Wind speed u a Dust Evaporation Sublimation Melt Soil Hydrology Precipitation Transpiration Throughfall Evaporation Infiltration Saturated fraction Surface runoff Biogeochemical cycles Fire Phenology Photosynthesis Vegetation C/N Litterfall BVOCs Heterotrop. respiration Root litter Autotrophic respiration N dep N fix N 2 O CH 4 Bedrock Aquifer recharge Water table Unconfined aquifer Sub-surface runoff Soil C/N N mineralization N uptake Denitrification N leaching 6
7 Current processes in CLM Biogeochemical cycles Photosynthesis BVOCs Fire Autotrophic respiration Phenology Vegetation C/N Litterfall Heterotrop. respiration N dep N fix N 2 O CH 4 Root litter mg(n)/m 2 /yr Soil C/N N mineralization N uptake Denitrification N leaching Lamarque et al.,
8 Earth System Model (NOAA) Systems of differential equations that describe fluid motion, radiative transfer, etc. Planet divided into 3- dimensional grid to solve the equations Atmosphere and land traditionally on same horizontal grid Similarly for ocean/ice Sub-gridscale processes are parameterized 8
9 Complexity Resolution 9
10 Internal variability and ensemble Slide from C. Deser 10
11 Science Highlights Mechanisms of Climate Variations on Decadal to Century timescale BAMS Article: Figure courtesy of Steve Ghan and DOE Graphics team The Community Earth System Model: A Framework for Collaborative Research J.W. Hurrell, M.M. Holland, P.R. Gent, S. Ghan, J.E. Kay, P.J. Kushner, J.-F. Lamarque, W.G. Large, D. Lawrence, K. Lindsay, W.H. Lipscomb, M.C. Long, N. Mahowald, D.R. Marsh, R.B. Neale, P. Rasch, S. Vavrus, M. Vertenstein, D. Bader, W. D. Collins, J.J. Hack, J. Kiehl, S. Marshall,
12 How to build an improved model ØModel development ØModel evaluation Provision of datasets Provision of analysis tools (diagnostics) ØSimulation analysis ØPublish results from numerical experiments 12
13 CESM1 vs CMIP5 models IPCC AR5 Ch. 9 The deeper blue, the better the model is 13
14 CMIP5 Model Intercomparison CMIP5 CESM1(CAM5) GFDL-CM2.5 CESM1-BGC CCSM4 MPI-ESM-MR CESM1(FASTCHEM) EC-EARTH MPI-ESM-P MPI-ESM-LR HadGEM2-ES CMCC-CM CNRM-CM5 HadGEM2-CC CESM1(WACCM) ACCESS1.0 GFDL-CM3 MIROC5 MIROC4h NorESM1-M NorESM1-ME ACCESS1.3 CanESM2 GFDL-ESM2M GISS-E2-R FGOALS-s2 IPSL-CM5A-MR FGOALS-g2 GFDL-ESM2G FIO-ESM MRI-CGCM3 IPSL-CM5A-LR BCC-CSM1.1 CSIRO-Mk3.6.0 GISS-E2-H MIROC-ESM MIROC-ESM-CHEM IPSL-CM5B-LR INM-CM4 CESM1-CAM5 CESM1-BGC CCSM4 CESM1-FASTCHEM CESM1-WACCM Normalized distance from observations for surface temperature and precipitation Normalized distance from observations for temperature and precipitation (Knutti, Masson, Gettelman, GRL, 2013) 14
15 Impact of CLM4.5 model changes on historical global terrestrial carbon trajectory GCP estimate for land C sink In CLM4.5, land is a C sink over latter half of 20 th C, as observed 15 Koven et al., 2013
16 Model Development Process Document; Control integrations; Model release (CESM2/CLM5) Finalize and test within CESM Build and test beta version of offline model Plans for next (and next next) model version discussed at LMWG meetings Model release (CESM1/CLM4) Use model for scientific studies Observations Evaluate competing parameterizations Detailed model assessment (identify strengths and weaknesses) LMWG members develop parameterizations or add features Present ideas/results at LMWG meetings Publish papers
17 Evolution of CAM Model CAM4 CCSM4 CAM5.1 CESM1.0.3 CAM5.3 CESM1.2.0 Release Apr 2010 June 2011 June 2013 PBL HB UW UW Shallow conv. Hack UW UW Deep conv. ZM ZM ZM Microphysics RK MG MG Macrophysics RK Park Park Radiation CAMRT RRTMG RRTMG Aerosols BAM MAM3 MAM3 Dynamics FV FV SE CAM5.4 May 2015 UW UW ZM MG2 Park RRTMG MAM4 FV CAM5.5 June 2015 CLUBB CLUBB ZM MG2 CLUBB RRTMG MAM4 FV = New parameterization/dynamics 17
18 Community Earth System Model v2 Forcings: Greenhouse gases Manmade aerosols Volcanic eruptions Solar variability Biogeochemistry (Carbon-Nitrogen Cycles) Land (CLM5) Atmosphere Model Surface Waves (WaveWatch3) Paleo- Climate Chemistry- Climate Ocean Model BioGeo- Atmosphere (CAM6) FV1-SE dycores Coupler (CIME2) Ocean Chemistry (CAM6-Chem) (POP/MOM6) Biogeochemistry (Marine ecosystems) CESM Advisory Board CESM Scientific Steering Committee Chemistry Software Engineering CESM Polar Climate Whole Atmosphere Land High-Top Atm Ice (WACCM6) Societal Dimensions Climate Variability and Change Sea Ice (CICE5) Land Model Land Ice (CISM2) 18
19 Some numbers on CESM 0.25 o, 1 o, 2 o resolutions, +regional-refinement 30 minute time step (for 1 o and 2 o ) 32 atmosphere levels (72 for WACCM) 60 ocean levels (0.1 o or 1 o ) 25 ground layers ~5 million grid boxes at 1 o resolution >1.5 million lines of computer code Data archived (monthly, daily, hourly) for hundreds of geophysical fields Utilized by hundreds of scientists all around the world 19
20 CESM supports a range of climate science goals through a Single Model Code Base Desktop Small cluster HPC Single column/ Coarse resolution: Physics development Lower resolution: Paleo/Large Ensemble University research Higher resolution: CMIP Breakthrough ASD 20
21 STATUS OF CESM2 21
22 Current status CESM2- (new or significantly updated component) > Atmosphere: CAM6 (WACCM and chemistry) > Land: CLM5 (incl. MOSART) > Sea-ice: CICE5 > Land-ice: CISM2 > Ocean: POP2 with improved mixing and BGC > Infrastructure: CIME Many (many!) stand-alone and coupled simulations (mostly 1850 control) started in November 2015 > development/cesm1_5/ (password protected) > Significant optimization (in collaboration with CISL) to get approx. 20 simulated years per day for CESM2 with 1- degree resolution and 32 levels (on Yellowstone) 22
23 125 configuration provides a reasonable simulation of the 20 th century TS evolution CESM2: 20 th century smoke test (Feb. 2017) TS normalized
24 Changes beyond simulation #125 (slide from Feb 2017) Results from CESM2 simulation #125 released to community February 9. Results shown here come mostly from that configuration Changes for final version: Subgrid topography representation around Greenland (different scale due to very strong winds) Caspian sea: from ocean model to land model (lake) Update to land vegetation parameters (little climate impact expected, mostly for carbon-cycle improvements) CMIP6 emissions 24
25 Changes beyond simulation #125 Results from CESM2 simulation #125 released to community February 9. Results shown here come mostly from that configuration Changes for final version: Subgrid topography representation around Greenland (different scale due to very strong winds) Caspian sea: from ocean model to land model (lake) Update to land vegetation parameters (little climate impact expected, mostly for carbon-cycle improvements) CMIP6 emissions 25
26 Changes beyond simulation #125 Results from CESM2 simulation #125 released to community February 9. Results shown here come mostly from that configuration Changes for final version: Subgrid topography representation around Greenland (different scale due to very strong winds) Caspian sea: from ocean model to land model (lake) Update to land vegetation parameters (little climate impact expected, mostly for carbon-cycle improvements) CMIP6 emissions 26
27 CMIP5 vs CMIP6 emissions: global TS 125 CMIP5 CMIP6 27
28 APPLICATIONS 28
29 Stratospheric dynamics 29
30 CESM2 Regional refinement Regional-refinement in CAM6 (AMIP) with the Spectral Element (SE) and MPAS dynamical cores (effort led by A. Gettelman and C. Zarzycki) Precipitable water Sept 23-Oct 3, 111 km -> 14 km Slide from C. Zarzycki 30
31 Questions? Comments? Movie from M. Long and T. Scheitlin 31
32 Questions? Comments? 32
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