NDACC differences to TCCON German contribution to NIDFORVal & TCCON4S5P CO an CH 4 validation strategy

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1 German contribution to S5P validation via 12 TCCON and NDACC FTIR stations Ralf Sussmann, KIT/IMK-IFU, Garmisch Thomas Blumenstock, KIT/IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Dietrich Feist, MPI-BGC, Jena Frank Hase, KIT/IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Justus Notholt, IUP, Bremen Mathias Palm, IUP, Bremen Markus Rettinger, KIT/IMK-IFU, Garmisch Matthias Schneider, KIT/IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Mahesh Kumar Sha, BIRA-IASB, Brussels Corinne Vigouroux, BIRA-IASB, Brussels Thorsten Warneke, IUP, Bremen NDACC differences to TCCON German contribution to NIDFORVal & TCCON4S5P CO an CH 4 validation strategy 1 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

2 FTIR sites operated by German groups within TCCON and NDACC 1 operated by IUP Bremen; 2 operated by KIT/IMK-ASF; 3 operated by KIT/IMK-IFU; 4 operated by MPI-BGC. site measurement mode* latitude longitude altitude [km] PIs Ny-Ålesund 1 (Spitsbergen) TCCON & NDACC 78.9 N 11.9 E 0.02 J. Notholt & J. Notholt Kiruna 2 (Sweden) NDACC 67.8 N 20.4 E 0.42 T. Blumenstock Białystok 1 (Poland) Bremen 1 (Germany) Karlsruhe 2 (Germany) TCCON 53.2 N 23.0 E 0.18 T. Warneke TCCON & NDACC TCCON & NDACC 53.1 N 8.9 E 0.03 J. Notholt & T. Warneke 49.1 N 8.4 E F. Hase Orléans 1 (France) TCCON 48.0 N 2.1 E 0.13 T. Warneke Garmisch 3 (Germany) Zugspitze 3 (Germany) Izaña 2 (Tenerife) Palau 1 (start Jan 2016) Paramaribo 1 (Suriname) Ascension Island 4 the European FTIR community comprises 16 FTIR sites 12 of these (Table) are run by the 4 German FTIR groups TCCON & NDACC TCCON & NDACC TCCON & NDACC 47.5 N 11.1 E R. Sussmann & R. Sussmann 47.4 N 11.0 E R. Sussmann & R. Sussmann 28.3 N 16.5 W Ralf Sussmann et al.: M. Schneider & T. Blumenstock NDACC 7.0 N 134 E M. Palm NDACC 5.9 N 55.0 W T. Warneke TCCON 7.9 S 14.3 W 0.03 D. Feist

3 TCCON overview TCCON has been started in 2004 with satellite validation in mind Near-infrared solar FTIR s, use O 2 to retrieve dry-air column XCO2, XCH4, XCO, XN2O, XHF, XH2O, XHDO Highly homogenized network Calibrated to WMO scale High accuracy / precision (2% / 1% for CO and 0.2% / 0.3% for CH 4 ) Global coverage (80 N 45 S) Data is used to validate satellite measurement from GOSAT (TANSO-FTS), ENVISAT (SCIAMACHY) and OCO-2 TCCON and TROPOMI measure CO and CH 4 in the same spectral region 3 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

4 TCCON: global CO and CH 4 time series courtesy: Debra Wunch, California Institute of Technology 4 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

5 NDACC overview: started in Ralf Sussmann et al.:

6 NDACC FTIR: Heritage SCIAMACHY validation First SCIA CO validation: Sussmann and Buchwitz, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2005 First SCIA CH 4 valid.: Sussmann, Stremme, Buchwitz, de Beek, ACP, 2005 SCIA: Channel 8, icing issue WFMD v0.4 WFMD v0.41 Zugspitze FTIR 6 Ralf Sussmann et al.: NDACC does not measure O 2 columns, and is not calibrated to WMO

7 NDACC FTIR: long time series since 1992, e.g. CH 4 incl. reactive species, e.g. H 2 CO, CO, C 2 H 6 Zugspitze FTIR Lauder FTIR Hausmann, Sussmann, Smale, ACP, 2016 emissions occured in the northern hemisphere >40 % of global methane increase after 2007 is from oil /gas emissions 7 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

8 NDACC FTIR: mid-ir spectra enable profile retrievals, e.g. CO Zugspitze NDACC FTIR 3-4 degrees of freedom of signal TCCON: column retrieval only larger Doppler width in near-ir reduced altitude range for profiles 8 Ralf Sussmann et al.: fitting of full bands lineshape errors accumulate and impact pofile retrieval

9 AO project ID TCCON4S5P: team and goal Validation of S5P Methane and Carbon Monoxide with TCCON Data Validation team: M. K. Sha (activity leader), B. Dils, M. De Mazière; BIRA-IASB, Brussels R. Sussmann; KIT/IMK-IFU, Garmisch D. G. Feist; MPI-BGC, Jena Proposal goal: Geophysical validation of S5P CO and CH 4 total column products using data of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). To improve the quality of the CO validation work, the NDACC CO data will be used at sites which perform both TCCON and NDACC type measurements. Support team members: experts of the TCCON community from12 research institutes and universities contributing with data from 21 measurement stations 9 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

10 AO project ID TCCON4S5P: proposed activities Geophysical CO & CH 4 validation work (BIRA) Initial validation (12 months): rapid delivery of data Long term validation (7 years): Improvement of ongoing validation strategy, long term validation during the life time of the satellite, revalidation using future versions of TCCON, NDACC, and S5P data products Reduction of intercomparison error by using independent profile information as a common prior for satellite and ground based soundings (KIT-Garmisch) Validation with TCCON-constrained global XCH4 fields (BIRA & MPI-BGC) 10 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

11 German proposal part I. 12-months initial validation phase with rapid data delivery ID & ID request a 12-months initial validation phase, where TCCON data (CO, CH 4 ) shall be provided every 3 months (i.e. 4 times) NDACC data (H 2 CO) every month (i.e. 12 times) rapid delivery shall start as soon as S5P is able to carry out a sufficient number of qualitative measurements over participating TCCON sites. if these conditions are met already during E1, then the results of the validation can be used in the update of the S5P operational processor at the end of the commissioning phase. 11 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

12 German proposal part II. Long-term validation Item II.1: Annual contribution to basic operational costs To guarantee the availability of continuous station operations during the long-term validation phase we need a funded contribution to the basic operational costs per year and site (NDACC and/or TCCON). E.g., Zugspitze FTIR room rent is 65 k /year 12 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

13 German proposal, long-term validation: Item II.2: NDACC CO profiles harmonize NDACC CO profile retrieval CO profiles shall be provided annually and used for improved validation of CO columns ( Item II.3) 13 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

14 German proposal, long term validation: Item II.3: Satellite and ground data (CO, CH 4 ) corrected to realistic common prior (KIT/IMK-IFU) Deliverable 3.4 of ID by KIT-Garmisch: Preparation of coincident time series (CO and CH 4 ) from satellite and ground-sites corrected to realistic common prior ( reduced intercomparison error). Data provision: launch +24 months, plus every following year for the operational lifetime of the satellite. Following slides: Ideas on validation strategy (CO, CH 4 ) - Role of realistic common prior 14 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

15 Reducing CO & CH4 intercomarison error S5P TCCON (I): Correct to same a priori Sussmann, R., Ostler, A., Forster, F., Rettinger, M., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., Hannigan, J. W., Jones, N., and Patra, P. K.: First intercalibration of column-averaged methane from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, , quasi-periodic bias NIR-MIR differences - reduced by common prior (ACTM) remaining quasi-periodic bias remaining smoothing effects 15 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

16 Reducing CO & CH4 intercomarison error S5P TCCON (II): Use realistic common a priori Dynamics: stratospheric subsidence XCH 4 difference ~ 30 ppb sza 80 different smoothing Ostler, A., Sussmann, R., Rettinger, M., Deutscher, N.M, Dohe, S., Hase, F., Jones, N., Palm, 16 M., Ralf and Sussmann Sinnhuber, et al.: B.-M.: Multi-station intercomparison of column-averaged methane from NDACC German and contribution TCCON: to S5P impact validation of dynamical via 12 TCCON variability, and NDACC Atmos. FTIR Meas. stations Tech., 7, , 2014.

17 Search für model providing realistic CH 4 a priori profile: Model-TCCON comparison Model-TCCON agreement Model-TCCON agreement after replacing model stratosphere by MIPAS (ACE) Conclusion: TM5 or LMDz can be used as common CH 4 prior for TROPOMI validation by TCCON Ostler, A., Sussmann, R., Patra, P. K., Houweling, S., De Bruine, M., Stiller, G. P., Haenel, F. J., Plieninger, J., Bousquet, P., Yin, Y., Saunois, M., Walker, K. A., Deutscher, N. M., Griffith, D. W. T., Blumenstock, T., Hase, F., Warneke, T., Wang, Z., Kivi, R., and Robinson, J.: Evaluation of column-averaged methane in models and TCCON with a focus on the stratosphere, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, , Ralf Sussmann et al.:

18 Search for realistic common CO prior for TCCON & TROPOMI: Use NDACC CO profiles 18 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

19 German proposal, long-term validation: Item II.4: TCCON-constrained global XCH4 fields (MPI-BGC) Proposal (deliverable 3.5 of ID 28603): Provide TCCON-constrained global XCH 4 fields from the MPI-BGC inversion system. Data provision: launch +21 months, plus every following year Background MPI-BGC has developed global CH 4 inversion system based on TM3. Plan: produce separate data stream where inversion system is constrained by TCCON only. Resulting global CH 4 fields are globally consistent with TCCON and the prior. They provide an excellent reference for satellite XCH 4 validation even far away from TCCON sites. 19 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

20 German FTIR proposal Part II. Long-term validation: Item II.5: NDACC H 2 CO data Deliverable WP1 of ID 28607: Provide annually harmonized time series of HCHO profiles and total columns, including averaging kernels and error budget, from NDACC sites: setup of harmonized H 2 CO retrieval annual data provision to BIRA-IASB Ralf Sussmann et al.: H2CO column [1e15] cm -2 ] Zugspitze Izana Kiruna

21 Funding situation S5P validation by German TCCON & NDACC FTIR Independent of S5P, all TCCON & NDACC partners will deliver data to the TCCON & NDACC archive within the limits of their base funding. This data will be available for S5P validation once it becomes public typically 12 months after measurement. Any additional efforts require dedicated cost-covering funding. ESA SOW for TCCON data stream automation (delivery with 3- months delay) has been setup designated project start Jan 2017, duration 9 months Currently no funding for NDACC data stream automation German partners submitted proposal to DLR for support of NDACC and TCCON measurements and S5P validation work got basically positive signal from DLR in Aug Ralf Sussmann et al.:

22 Summary Differences between NDACC and TCCON Validation strategy (CO & CH 4 ): realistic common prior German data provision to BIRA: TCCON (CO & CH 4 ), NDACC (H 2 CO & CO) Funding of data stream automation proposed to enable rapid data flow during 12-months initial validation phase Basic contribution per station and year for long term validation proposed to guarantee station operations CO & CH 4 : Funding of KIT-Garmisch workpackage on reduction of TCCON-S5P intercomparison error proposed TCCON-constrained model CH 4 fields: Funding of MPI-BGC workpackage proposed 22 Ralf Sussmann et al.:

23 Search für model providing realistic CH4 a priori profile (II): Model-MIPAS comparison in the stratosphere CTM MIPAS biases in the stratosphere due to model transport errors Ostler, Sussmann, Patra, Houweling et al., AMT Ralf Sussmann et al.:

24 Search für model providing realistic CH4 a priori profile (III): Model-ACE comparison in the stratosphere CTM ACE biases in the stratosphere due to model transport errors Ostler, Sussmann, Patra, Houweling et al., AMT Ralf Sussmann et al.: