Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions Derived from GOSAT Data

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1 LCLUC SARI International Regional Science Meeting in South/Southeast Asia Chiang Mai, Thailand, July 17-19, Carbon Dioxide and Methane Emissions Derived from GOSAT Data GOSAT-2 (FY ) Tsuneo Matsunaga Satellite Observation Center National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

2 GOSAT Launch GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing Satellite) is the world s first satellite dedicated to greenhouse gas monitoring from space and a joint effort among MOE, JAXA, and NIES. 2 GOSAT was successfully launched in 2009, and has been monitoring the Earth s atmosphere for more than eight years. The successor, GOSAT-2, will be launched in FY2018 with more enhanced earth observation capabilities than GOSAT. Launch of GOSAT by H-IIA Rocket from JAXA s Tanegashima Space Center in January 2009 The discussion on GOSAT-3 has been already started. International Meeting on Land Use and Emissions in South/Southeast Asia, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, October 17-19, 2016

3 Satellites for Greenhouse Gases Observation (Column observation only) 3 Mission Country / Company Period GHGs Comments SCIAMACHY (ESA) CO2, CH4 ENVISAT GOSAT Japan CO2, CH4 FTS OCO-2 US CO2 Grating CLAIRE GHGSat (Canada) CO2 Fabry Pérot TanSat China CO2 Grating TROPOMI (EC) CH4 Sentinel 5p GF-5 China CO2, CH4 FY-3D China CO2, CH4 GOSAT-2 Japan CO2, CH4 FTS OCO-3 US CO2 ISS MicroCarb France CO2 MERLIN France/ Germany CH4 Laser geocarb US CO2, CH4 Geostationary GOSAT-3 Japan ?? ENVISAT ( ) GOSAT (2009-) OCO-2 (2014-) TanSat (2016-) GOSAT-2 (2018-) MicroCarb (2020-)

4 Atmospheric and Land Observation by GOSAT and GOSAT-2 4 GOSAT and GOSAT-2 Fourier Transform Spectrometer FTS and FTS-2 One-path observation of GOSAT-2 FTS-2 Trace gases CO2 H2O CH4 CO SIF Cloud and Aerosol Imager CAI and CAI-2 One-day observation of GOSAT CAI Clouds Aerosols AOT PM2.5 Black carbon

5 GOSAT and GOSAT-2 Timeline 5 GOSAT Launch(Jan. 2009) Nominal We are here. Extended Solar paddle failure (May 2014) FTS pointing A => B(Jan. 2015) FTS TIR cooler suspension (Aug. 2015) (Calender year) GOSAT-2 JAXA PDR (2014) JAXA CDR (2015) JAXA PQR(2017) NIES CDR(2016) Philipines TCCON (2017) Launch(FY2018) Nominal

6 GOSAT Level 4A Products (Maksyutov et al. 2013) 6 Monthly regional net gas flux data estimated using - Fixed-lag Kalman smoother inversion scheme, - GOSAT Level 2 gas column concentration data, - Surface and airborne gas concentration data, - Emission inventories (as a priori data)(odiac, GFED, EDGAR), - Meteorological data (JMA reanalysis data), - Terrestrial vegetation model (VISIT), and - Atmospheric transport model (NIES TM). Latest standard products : CO2 V02.05 June October land regions and 22 ocean regions CH4 V01.03 June 2009 September land regions and 1 ocean region Freely available from

7 GOSAT Level 4A CO2 and CH4 Flux Products Maps and Time Series Charts years 6.4 years

8 Global Total CO2 and CH4 Annual Net Flux GOSAT and Other Top-down Estimates 8 CO2 GtC / year NOAA annual CO2 growth rate* GOSAT L4A CO2 V CH4 TgCH4 / year 2012 Saunois et al (Top-down)* GOSAT L4A CH4 V Soil Sink Source: Source:

9 GOSAT L4A Region R30 India R31 West China R32 East China - Japan R33 South of SEA R34 North of SEA

10 GOSAT L4A CO2 Net Flux V02.05 Region East China - Japan West China

11 GOSAT L4A CO2 Flux V02.05 : Region 32 (East China - Japan) 11

12 GOSAT L4A CH4 Net Flux V01.03 Region India North SEA

13 GOSAT L4A CH4 Flux V01.03 : Region 30 (India) 13

14 L4A CH4 Flux V01.03 : Region 32 (East China- Japan) 14

15 GOSAT L4A CH4 Flux V01.03 : Region 33 (Southof Southeastern Asia) 15

16 GOSAT L4A CH4 Flux V01.03 : Region 34 (North of Southeastern Asia) 16

17 Summary 17 GOSAT L4A CO2 and CH4 monthly regional net flux products are available for (CO2) and (CH4). East China Japan region is a largest CO2 emitter in Asia. South and Southeastern asian regions are almost CO2 neutral. As for CH4, East China Japan, India, and North SEA are important emitters. And models / inventories may underestimate the amplitudes of seasonal variations. The region size of GOSAT-2 Level 4A standard product will be about 10 x 10 deg x 10 deg

18 18 Thank you for your attention. Contact Website GOSAT standard products are freely available from GOSAT Data Archive Service

19 GOSAT Whole-atmosphere Mean Methane Concentration (May 2009 Februay 2017) January, 2017 Monthly mean CH ppb Monthly Mean CH 4 (ppb) CH 4 Trend (ppb) 19 December, 2015 CH 4 trend ppb Press release on June 2,