CHAPTER 7 SURVEY ON SITUATION

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1 CHAPTER 7 SURVEY ON SITUATION OF RELEVANT EXSITING PROJECTS

2 CHAPTER 7 SURVEY ON SITUATIONS OF RELEVANT EXISTING PROJECTS 7.1 INTRODUCTION The preliminary studies on the existing photovoltaic projects, and the case studies of the existing rural electrification projects that were developed with renewable energy. Targets of the case studies are the existing projects with four kinds of renewable energy resources; micro-hydro power, photovoltaic power, wind power, and biomass power. Both sets of the preliminary study and case studies were conducted by local consultants selected. 7.2 MICRO-HYDRO POWER General Information on Micro hydro Case Studies Eight case studies on the existing micro-hydro power projects were made by local consultants as listed in the following tables. Table Existing Micro-hydro power Projects Case-studied Code Name Village Sub-district District Province Capacity Year MH-1 Pola tebu Pola Tebu Kuta Buluh Karo North Sumatera 40 kw 1998 MH-2 Sangap Encari Martelu Sibolangit Deli Serdang North Sumatera 25 kw 1990 MH-3 Padasuka Padasuka Cibinong Cianjur West Java 80 kw 1993 MH-4 Tirta Giri Mekarwangi Cihurip Garut West Java N/A MH-5 Cicemet Sirna Resmi Cisolok Sukabumi West Java 60 kw 1997 MH-6 Simanau Simanau Tigo Lurah Solok West Sumatera 30 kw 1996 MH-7 Sa'dan Ulusalu Sa'dan Ulusalu Sa'dan Balusu Tator South Sulawesi 15 kw 1997 MH-8 Minanga Bulu pala Bittuang Tator South Sulawesi 18 kw 2000 MH-9 Pasang Bassemadau Bongga karadeng Tator South Sulawesi 10 kw 2000 MH-10 Tirta Raga Cikalong Sodong Hilir Tasikmalaya West Java 20 kw

3 Table Basic Technical Information of Existing Micro-hydro Power Projects Code Name Cap ty Is Alive Turbine Generator Load Control MH-1 Pola tebu 40 kw Alive MH-2 Sangap Encari 25 kw Alive MH-3 Padasuka 80 kw Alive D40 D20 Synchronous Synchronous Flow Control Flow Control Technical Evaluation Load Controller and Weir damaged Load Controller damaged Synchronous Dummy Load Over-design MH-4 Tirta Giri Dead Synchronous Dummy Load Totally Broken MH-5 Cicemet 60 kw Alive MH-6 Simanau 30 kw Alive MH-7 Sa'dan Ulusalu 15 kw Alive Synchronous Induction Motor Induction Motor Dummy Load Dummy Load Dummy Load Rotor-Stator Problems Very limited hydro potential Load Controller damaged MH-8 Minanga 18 kw Alive Synchronous None MH-9 Pasang 10 kw Dead Synchronous None Totally Broken MH-10 Tirta Raga 20 kw Dead Induction Motor Dummy Load Totally Broken Table Other Information of Existing Micro-hydro Power Projects Code Name Electrified Operation Monthly Tariff (Rp) Operators Training Others MH-1 Pola tebu 100% 95% 4,500 Small community MH-2 Sangap Encari 95% 80% 4,000 Electrified by PLN MH-3 Padasuka 20% 70% 5,000-10,000 Electrified by PLN MH-4 Tirta Giri 0 MH-5 Cicemet 80% 60% Less than 5,000 MH-6 Simanau 85% 50% 5,000-10,000 MH-7 Sa'dan Ulusalu 30% 90% 5,000-10,000 MH-8 Minanga 30% 80% 5,000-10,000 Never trained MH-9 Pasang Less than 5,000 Never trained MH-10 Tirta Raga 5,000-10,000 Electrified by PLN Note: Electrified denotes proportion of electrified households by the project in the community. Operation denotes proportion of power distribution hours out of recipients desire. There exists no project found, which is running perfectly. Every project has any of problems in project development or O&M and management. There are three projects found already out of service out of ten Problems Observed in Project Development It seems that most of projects generate less power than the design due to either of over estimate of the river runoff or over estimate of the combined efficiency of the plant. There are also three projects that were already electrified by PLN after the commissioning. 7-2

4 These problems must come up lack of engineering studies during the project development. There exist many load governors damaged. There is even a case with rotor-stator problems. It is reported that these problems were caused by mis-operations. However, one should realize that the engineering studies during the project development could not make the projects free from physical damages caused by mis-operations, which could naturally be expected in advance Problems Observed O&M and Management Generally speaking, each community needs much more trained in terms of O&M and management as well. Communities themselves realize lack of training, as there are three projects of which operators have never been trained before and after commissioning. Poor O&M and management are tightly connected with lack of project fund. Unexpected costly damage to the project components can never be repaired. Because the communities do not have strong incentive to own and manage their projects, they would not try to resolve any difficulties, once they happen. Instead, every community is just waiting for subsidies from the district or Central Government Lessons Learnt from Existing Micro-hydro Power Projects All of qualities need to be leveled up in the project development, project implementation and O&M and management. It is strongly recommended that engineering studies during the project development be conducted only by qualified specialists, so that one can expect satisfactory quality of the design and planning. It is also strongly recommended that the local contractor and manufacturers be strengthened in their performance. Villagers participation and training in every aspect are essential for sustainability of the rural electrification projects. It is learnt that the SKAT s T-series cross flow turbines (such as T-12) have fewer troubles compared to other types in hydropower projects in the countries. 7.3 PHOTOVOLTAIC General Information on Photovoltaic Case Studies The eight photovoltaic projects for the case studies were selected out of the 66 photovoltaic projects after the preliminary studies done. These eight existing photovoltaic projects for the case studies are listed in the following table. 7-3

5 Table Existing Photovoltaic Power Projects Case-studied Code Name Village Sub-district District Province Year PV-1 Energies Nembrala Rote Barat Daya Kupang 1994 PV-2 PLD Oelnaineno Oelnaineno Takari Kupang 1999 PV-3 PLTS Karang Watung Karang Watung Solor Barat Flores Timur 1998 PV-4 PLD Moukbokul Moukbokul Pandawai Sumba Timur 1997 PV-5 PLD Maluriwu Maluriwu Palue(Maumere) Sikka 1997 PV-6 PLTS Desa Batukliang Teratak Teratak Lombok Tengah West Nusa 1991 PV-7 PLTS UPT Teropoh Teropoh Kilo Dompu West Nusa 1997 PV-8 PLTS Desa Parado Rato Parado Rato Monta Bima West Nusa 1991 It is clarified the problems on existing PV projects based on the results of the site survey. The problems on existing PV projects are categorized mainly three types. They are of 1) Problems Caused By Project Site Selection, 2) Problems Caused By Operation And Maintenance, and 3) Problems Caused By System Quality. Further details of these problems are discussed below Problems Caused By Project Site Selection The report shows that 3 projects out of studied 8 projects are already connected to PLN grid line. Some of existing SHS have transferred to non-electrified households after the electrification by PLN. One of the three projects site has connected PLN grid within 4 years after the installation Problems Caused By Operation And Maintenance O&M manual are available 2 projects out of studied 8 projects however a manual was not translated into Indonesian language. Operator training was conducted 7 projects out of studied 8 projects Problems Caused By System Quality A lot of troubles caused by mechanical matters are reported in the studied report. Most of the case, battery, BCR and light cause the troubles. According to the SHS in Indonesia, the system is consists of imported PV panel and manufactured battery, BCR and lights in country. It is necessary to improve the quality of the SHS components that are manufactured in Indonesia Recommendations Following activities are recommended to solve the problems shown above. (1) Conduct the site selection for SHS project carefully considering with PLN grid extension and another isolated electrification plan. (2) Operation manuals have to be distributed after the O&M training. Operator has to be trained well. (3) Select the reliable SHS component for the project. It is recommended to select PV 7-4

6 GAP recognized products for SHS project. Also, it is necessary to improve national standard relating with SHS and the installation. 7.4 WIND GENERATION General Information on Wind Power Case Studies Existing wind projects in following list are studied by local consultants. Local consultants conducted site survey of existing five projects as shown the table below. Table7.4-1 Existing Wind Generation Projects Case-studied Code Name Village Sub-district District Province Year W-1 Pandawai Kota Kawau Kahaungu Eti Sumba Timur 1997 W-2 Bungaya Bungaya Bontomatene Pulau Selayar South Sulawesi 1998 W-3 Tomenase Netpala Mollo Utara Timor Tengah Selatan 1997 W-4 Fetomone Netpala Mollo Utara Timor Tengah Selatan 1997 W-5 PLD Oeledo Oeledo Pantai Baru Kupang It is clarified the problems on existing wind projects based on the results of the site survey. The problems on the existing wind projects are categorized into mainly three types. They are of 1) Problems Caused By Operation And Maintenance, 2) Problems Caused By System Quality, and 3) Problems Caused By Low Availability Of Spare Parts And Engineering Service. Further details are discussed as shown below Problems Caused By Operation And Maintenance The report shows the generation systems are not being operated at 2 projects out of 5 studied projects because of problems caused by operation and maintenance. The results of the study shows O&M training for operator have conducted one time at 2 projects, three times at 2 projects and 8times at 1 project. Operation and maintenance of wind generation system is more complicated than that of SHS Problems Caused By System Quality Two wind home projects out of five studied projects are failed because of the mechanical problems of the wind turbine Problems Caused By Low Availability Of Spare Parts And Engineering Service In Indonesia, there is no wind turbine manufacture. This situation makes difficult to obtain the spare parts in the country easily. Moreover, there are no experts of wind generation system and it makes difficult to conduct engineering service for repair or periodical maintenance by engineers in the country. 7-5

7 7.4.5 Recommendations Following activities are recommended to solve the problems shown above. 1) It is necessary to conduct continuous training to improve the operation skill at least 5 times and more than 2 operators after the installation. 2) Reliable performance of wind turbine has to be selected for the project. It is necessary to improve the national standard for the installation and wind turbine selection. 3) It is necessary to conduct the expert training on wind generation system. At least, one technical maintenance service team is necessary to expand the wind project. 7.5 BIOMASS POWER GENERATION One biomass power project was case-studied. The basic information of the project is as: Name of project PLTD Berbahan Bakar Sekam Padi Sub-village Rawamangun Village Rawamangun Sub-district Sukamaju District Luwu Utara Province South Sulawesi Name of the project owner PT. PLN Financial source PT. PLN Name of Contractor PJB PUSAT Name of consultant Unknown Date of commissioning July 18th, 1997 Name of Operator Tukiman and Dullah The biomass power plant was designed utilizing rice husks as energy resource. However, it has never run as a biomass power plant. The plant was failed as a biomass project, because no proper engineering study has been made, and because required technology for the plant was not available in the country. The plant is now working as a gas-turbine power plant. 7-6