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2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN CHAD EXPORT PROJECT CAMEROON PORTION FEBRUARY1998

3 This document is available in both English and French.

4 CHAD EXPORT PROJECT This Environmental Management Plan related to the Cameroonian portion of the Chad Export Project is being made available for public review in Cameroon and through the World Bank Public Information Centre in Washington, D.C., United States of America. Written comments can be directed to the following: * COTCOlEsso Pipeline Company c/o Cameroon Enviromnental Management Plan SAGA 2 Building 179 Rue De La Motte Picquet Bonanjo, BP 3738 Douala, Republic of Cameroon * Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. c/o Cameroon Environmental Management Plan P.O. Box 146 Houston, Texas U.S.A. - Societe Nationale des Hydrocarbures (SNH) Coordinateur Superviseur General de Projet BP 955 Yaounde, Republic of Cameroon

5 Executive Summary This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) describes measures and actions that will be implemented by the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO (i.e., the Cameroon Oil Transportation Company, S.A.) during the construction, operation, maintenance, and decommissioning of the Cameroon portion of the Chad Export Project to eliminate or reduce key potential biophysical, socioeconomic, and health (collectively referred to as "environmental" or via the acronym "BP/SE/H") impacts identified in the Cameroon Environmental Assessment (EA) to acceptable levels. Hereafter, the term "Chad Export Project" is used to describe the combination of the Cameroon and Chad portions of the Chad Export Project. Conversely, the tern "Project" in this document refers to the Cameroon portion of the Chad Export Project only. Successful execution of this EMP requires that the specific actions presented in the text are committed to be undertaken by the responsible Project parties (i.e., the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO). A compendium of Project Design Features, Mitigation Plans, and Monitoring Plans that spans all of the Project's components is provided for thirty two key environmental topics along with a listing of potential impacts pertaining to each topic. The environmental topics that are addressed in the EMP are: Biophysical Topics - Air Emissions - Sewage/Wastewater Discharges - Hydrotesting - Surface Water and Groundwater Protection - Surface Water and Groundwater Consumption - Loss of Groundwater Recharge Areas - River/Stream Flow Disruption - River/Stream Bed and Bank Disturbances - Soil - Vegetation - Freshwater Fish - Wildlife - Marine Discharges - Surfzone/Seabed Disturbances - Marine Flora and Fauna * Socioeconomic Topics - Migration to the Project Area - Local and National Business Opportunities and Revenues - Employment - Education and Training - Housing - Land Use Cameroon E- 1

6 - Sacred and Cultural Sites - Semi-Sedentary and Transhumant Cattle Movements - Fishing Resources - Indigenous Peoples Health Topics - Respiratory Diseases - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Vector-Borne Diseases - Water-Bome Diseases - Food-Borne Diseases - Occupational Exposures - Accidents/Injuries Each topic's Project Design Features and Mitigation/Monitoring Plans are founded on strategies presented in the Environmental Assessment report and requirements contained in a number of Project-specific technical documents. In addition, the actions that the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO will carry out regarding each environmental topic are highlighted. The organizations that will be established by the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO to oversee the environmental aspects of the Project during its construction and operations phases are outlined. At peak staffing levels, COTCO's construction phase environmental oversight organization will engage professionals at a cost of - $US million per annum ( million FCFA per annum). COTCO's operations phase organization will feature 2-3 environmental professionals at a cost of - $US 0.5 million per annum (- 300 million FCFA per annum) - these individuals will perform a number of specialized enviromnental duties as well as overseeing the environmental-related activities performed by a variety of operations/maintenance personnel. The efforts of the COTCO construction and operations phase environmental oversight organizations will be augmented by consultants and specialists on an as-needed basis. The Republic of Cameroon's organization providing administrative supervision and inspection to the Project is also outlined. Via the Decree implementing the Law governing the Transportation by Pipeline of Hydrocarbons Originating from Other Countries, the Republic of Cameroon has established the Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee and the Pipeline Inspection Service. The Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee will act as the coordinator and liaison between various Cameroon administrations and COTCO. The Pipeline Inspection Service provides the administrative supervision and technical control of the administration related to the construction, operation, and maintenance works of the Cameroon Transportation System. Special legal text will govern this organization and the working order of these intervention agencies. Cameroon E-2

7 A number of Environmental Management Tools planned for the Project are presented and discussed, including the following:. Public Consultation Plan for Public Project Documents. Compensation Plan. Land Easement Environmental Alignment Sheets. Community Health Outreach Program. Land/System Easement Access Management Plan. Waste Management Plans. Oil Spill Response Plan. Decommissioning Plan The environmental-related Project specification documents that form the basis of the Project Design Features, Mitigation Plans, and Monitoring Plans recorded in the EMP are included in Appendix VI. Additional information supporting selected EMP elements has also been included in a number of other Appendices. Cameroon E-3

8 exsumcm.doc February 8, :40 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon E-4

9 Table of Contents Executive Summary... E-1 Table of Contents... C-1 Table of Figures... F-I Chapter 1 Overview of the Environmental Management Plan 1.0 Explanatory Notes Introduction Enviromnental Management Plan Objective Background The Chad Export Project Project Philosophy Environmental Assessment and Management Processes for the Project Pre-Environmental Assessment Activities Cameroon Environmental Assessment Environmental Management Plan Structure Environmental Management Plan Preparation Accuracy/Applicability of Information and Statements Contained in the Environmental Management Plan Chapter 2 Overview of the Chad Export Project 2.0 Introduction Chad Export Project Overview Introduction Supporting Infrastructure Chadian Oilfield-Area Facilities (Including Drilling) Pipeline Pump Stations and the Pressure Reducing Station Marine Terminal Legal Framework for the Project Cameroon C-I

10 2.3 Timeline/Schedule for the Chad Export Project Project Decommissioning The Republic of Carneroon's Environmental Setting in Relation to the Project Geography Climate and Vegetation Socioeconomic Patterns Disease Prevalence and Public Health Chapter 3 Project Management Framework and COTCO's Environmental Oversight Organizations 3.0 Introduction Project Management Framework Operations Integrity Management System Change Management Environmental Management Framework.... ; Project Technical Specifications Environmental Management Tools Contractor Biophysical, Socioeconomic, and Health Plans :3.3 Project Organizations Current Project Organization Construction Phase Project Organization Operations Phase Project Organization COTCO's BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations BP/SE/H Oversight Organization: Construction Phase Construction Phase Interactions With the Republic of Carneroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters Cost of the Construction Phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization BP/SE/H Oversight Organization: Operations Phase Cameroon C-2

11 Operations Phase Interactions With the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters Cost of the Operations Phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization Equipment Needs and Associated Costs for the BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations The COTCO/Contractor Relationship During the Construction Phase of the Project Involvement of Contractors in the Construction Phase of the Project Respective Roles/Responsibilities of Contractors and COTCO During the Construction Phase of the Project Contractors' Environmental Assurance Organizations Communications Involving Enviromnental Representatives from the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Chapter 4 Role of the Republic of Cameroon and Its Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization 4.0 Introduction The Republic of Cameroon's Involvement With the Project The Republic of Cameroon's Areas of Responsibility Regarding Cameroon Transportation System Issues and Impacts The Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Enviromnental Matters: Construction Phase General Structure and Responsibilities Coordinating Role of the Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee Role of the Pipeline Inspection Service The Construction Phase BP/SE/H Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Cameroon C-3

12 4.3.5 Interactions Between Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization, COTCO, and Contractor Representatives During the Construction Phase Cost of the Republic of Cameroon's Construction Phase Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters The Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters: Operations Phase General Structure and Responsibilities Cost of the Republic of Cameroon's Operations Phase Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Enviromnental Matters Institutional Strengthening in the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Necessitated by the Project Organizational Strengthening Training for Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Personnel Regarding Environmental Matters Equipment Needs Technical Assistance Chapter 5 Environmental Management Actions 5.0 Introduction Background/Method Presentation of the Project's Environmental Management Actions Explanatory Notes => Biophysical Actions Table > Socioeconomic Actions Table => Health Actions Table Cameroon C-4

13 Chapter 6 Environmental Management Tools 6.0 Introduction Public Consultation Plan for Public Project Documents Compensation Plan Acquisition of Land for the Land Easement Compensation for Structures, Crops, and Other Improvements and Usages of the Land for the Land Easement Infrastructure Land Easement Environmental Alignment Sheets Community Health Outreach Program Land Easement Access Management Plan Waste Management Plans Oil Spill Response Plan Decommissioning Plan Appendices Appendix I: List of Individuals Involved With the Preparation of the Environmental Management Plan Appendix II: List of Acronyms Appearing in the Environmental Management Plan... II-1 Appendix III: Cameroon Health Risk Matrix... III-1 Appendix IV: Overview of the Cameroon Transportation System's Land Easement Centreline Survey... IV-1 Appendix V: Appendix VI: Sample Land Easement Environmental Alignment Sheet (Hypothetical Example)... V-1 BP/SE/H-Related Project Specifications => Job Specification Coordination Procedures (JSCP): - JSCP 19 Changes in Work / Deviations from Job Specifications - JSCP 22 Project Safety Practices - JSCP 23 Occupational Health, Medical Facilities, and Sanitation Camneroon C-5

14 - JSCP 27 Training - JSCP 29 Socioeconomic Interactions - JSCP 30 Environmental Management - JSCP 31 Interface Management => General Proiect Specifications (GPS): - GPS-001 Camps and Facilities - GPS-002 Catering Services - GPS-003 Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution (Temporary) - GPS-004 Packaged Sewage Treatment System (Temporary) - GPS-005 Water Wells (Temporary) - GPS-006 Waste Incinerator (Temporary) - GPS-007 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill - GPS-008 Project Safety Requirements - GPS-010 Health Plan - GPS-01 1 Waste Management - GPS-012 Socioeconomic Action Plan - GPS-018 Septic Tank and Effluent Disposal into Drainage Field (Temporary) - GPS-020 Survey Camps and Facilities - GPS-021 Survey Catering Services => Cameroon/Chad Specifications (CCS): - CCS Waste Incinerator - CCS Water Wells - CCS Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution - CCS Packaged Sewage Treatment System - CCS Solid Waste Landfill - CCS Soil Erosion Mitigation - CCS Environmental Impact Mitigation tofccm.doc February 9, :50 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon C-6

15 Table of Figures Figure 1.1 Key Elements of the Chad Export Project Figure 1.2 Environmental Management Process for the Project Figure 1.3 Environmental Assessment Process for the Project l-5 Figure 2.1 A Drilling Rig Operating in One of the Southem Chad Oilfields Figure 2.2 A Typical Oilfield Central Treating Facility Figure 2.3 Welding a Section of Pipeline on Its Land Easement Figure 2.4 Lowering a Section of Pipeline Into a Trench Figure 2.5 A FSO Vessel Operating in West African Waters Figure 2.6 Current Schedule for the Chad Export Project Figure 2.7 The Coastal Plain Near Kribi Figure 2.8 The Mbere River Along the Cameroon/Chad Border Figure 2.9 The Atlantic Littoral Evergreen Forest in Southem Cameroon Near Lolodorf Figure 2.10 A Typical Field of Manioc in Cameroon Figure 2.11 A Herd of Cattle Drinking at the Lom River Figure 3.1 Hierarchy of OIMS Components Figure 3.2 The Project's Change Management Process and Steps Figure 3.3 Timetable for the Development of Project BP/SE/H Plans Figure 3.4 The Project's Current Organizational Structure Figure 3.5 The Project's Expected Construction Phase Organizational Structure Canmeroon F-I

16 Figure 3.6 The In-Country Construction Phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization's Structure Figure 5.1 Land Easement versus System Easement toffcm.doc February 9, :40 PM Camneroon Time Cameroon F-2

17 Chapter 1 Overview of the Environmental Management Plan 1.0 Explanatory Notes Hereafter in this Environmental Management Plan (EMP), the following terms apply: Chad Export Project: Represents the combination of the Cameroon and Chad portions of the Chad Export Project. Project: Refers to the Cameroon portion of the Chad Export Project only. BP/SE/H or Environmental: Represents "biophysical, socioeconomic, and health". Operations Phase: Refers to that phase of the Project that entails operating and maintenance activities. FCFA: Represents the legal currency of the Republic of Cameroon. For the purposes of this document, it is assumed that the exchange rate is $1 US = 600 FCFA. 1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the Environmental Management Plan for the Project. The purpose of this Chapter is to: - define the objective of the EMP, * provide background information regarding the Chad Export Project (a more comprehensive overview is provided in Chapter 2),. introduce and briefly discuss the Project's Environmental Assessment and Management Processes,. outline the EMP's structure, and. highlight the documents cited to prepare the EMP. 1.2 Environmental Management Plan Objective This Environmental Management Plan describes measures and actions that will be implemented by the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO (i.e., the Cameroon Oil Transportation Company, S.A.) during the construction, operation/maintenance, and decommissioning of the Project to eliminate or reduce key potential biophysical, socioeconomic, and health impacts identified in the Cameroon Environmental Assessment (EA) to acceptable levels. Successful execution of this EMP requires that the specific Cameroon 1-1

18 actions presented in the text are committed to be undertaken by the responsible Project parties (i.e., the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO). In order to accomplish this goal and function as an implementation plan for the Project's environmental management actions, this EMP: * denotes the Project's key environmental topics and their associated potential impacts; * provides summaries of specific biophysical-, socioeconomic-, and health-related impacts mitigation and monitoring actions currently planned for the Project; * defines and defines the roles and responsibilities of the key Project participants (i.e., the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO); * outlines the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO Project oversight organizations as they relate to environmental matters; * summarizes the costs associated with these environmental oversight organizations; * provides a schedule for the Chad Export Project; and * introduces Environmental Management Tools that are envisioned for the Project along with key activities/studies that will assist in the crafting of these tools. Overall, the Environmental Management Plan extends the analyses presented in the Cameroon Environmental Assessment (EA) to include additional information/data. 1.3 Background The Chad Export Project A Consortium of intemational oil companies consisting of Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. (EEPCI), Societe Shell Tchadienne de Recherches et D'Exploitation (Shell), and Elf Hydrocarbures Tchad (Elf) has proposed the Chad Export Project. This venture involves the development and transport of crude oil reserves from three oilfields located in southem Chad to the Cameroonian Atlantic coast for commercial export. The two key components of the Chad Export Project are: * an oilfield development in the Doba Basin of southem Chad featuring oil production wells, a small number of produced water injection wells, a system of flowlines and gathering pipelines, and produced fluids treating facilities; and * a Transportation System (see below) that features a 1050 kilometre (650 mile) pipeline to transport crude oil from the oilfields in southem Chad to the Cameroonian Atlantic coast, associated pump stations and facilities, and an off-shore marine terminal consisting of a Floating Storage and Off-Loading vessel. Key elements of the Chad Export Project are highlighted in the Figure below: Cameroon 1-2

19 DOBA BASIN Fields * Kome, Bolobo, Miandourn * One Billion Barrels of Oil Reserves Development Wells /,, FIsI r - 240,000 Barreis of Oil Per Day r. a I M i a n d a /n K CtillE,{-.,(Total Basin Average Annual Peak Production Rate) Facilities 2 CHAD - l \ / * 3 Remote Gathering Stations NIGERIA f -.::-.-\ t * Central Treating Facility * Power Plant (100 MW),,.....,,.,...,,...,,,, t :st CENTRAL Commulity * Single Status Community * Doba Airfield Infrastructure... A-, N 500 Im of mad upgrades -.:...:: R,,-.,..,EPL_U Pipeline and Pmnp Stations... * 760 mm, kilometer long pipeline * 3 Pump Stations, 18,000 HP (avg. instaled per station) * Onshore Pressure Reducing Station Marine Tenninal Featuring a Floating Storage and Offloading (FSO) Vessel. Converted Tanker Storage (- 2,000,000 Barrels) Tandem Ofiloading Figure 1.1 Key Elements of the Chad Export Project Together, the portion of the Transportation System located within Cameroon and the portion of the Transportation System located within Chad form the Chad Export Project's "Transportation System". The design, construction, operation/maintenance, and decommissioning of the portion of the Transportation System (see below) situated in Cameroon (hereafter referred to as the "Cameroon Transportation System"), which includes the marine terminal, will be the responsibility of a Cameroonian company (Cameroon Oil Transportation Company, S.A. = COTCO) whose shareholders are an affiliate of each of the Consortium members, the Republic of Cameroon, and the Republic of Chad. For a more detailed description of the Chad Export Project, refer to Chapter 2 in this document and Section 3 in the Cameroon Environmental Assessment report. In addition, further details concerning COTCO can be found in Chapter 2. Cameroon 1-3

20 1.3.2 Project Philosophy The Project will be engineered, constructed, operated/maintained, and decommissioned in accordance with applicable Cameroonian legislation in force. The Project will also be undertaken in a manner that is in harmony with recognized, appropriate international engineering, construction, and operations/maintenance practices and standards for crude oil developments. Moreover, the Project will be brought to fruition in a manner that balances its environmental and economic aspects. In keeping with this overall philosophy, the Project will avoid, where and when practical, those situations or incidents that could cause unacceptable, adverse biophysical, socioeconomic, or health impacts. For those environmental situations or impacts that cannot be avoided, however, the Project will identify and undertake appropriate mitigation measures. Comprehensive risk assessments will be conducted during the construction and operations phases of the Project to reduce risk and identify situations requiring mitigation. 1.4 Environmental Assessment and Management Processes for the Project The Environmental Management Process that is depicted below (Figure 1.2) has been adopted for the Project: IdenF1i tcation and Assessment of I Potenal Key impacts i~~~~ Yes Supplementary Data No Required? Acquire Supplementary Data Reassess Specific Develop and Implement Mitigation Measures as Appropriate Modify fin Frer Mitigation Atos Measures f _ Figure 1.2 Environmental Management Process for the Project Cameroon 1-4

21 As can be seen, it is the goal of this process to develop appropriate mitigation measures for key potential environmental impacts that, when evaluated, are found to be effective. In some instances, attaining this goal may require iterative enhancements. In support of this environmental management approach, a three-step Environmental Assessment Process was devised to identify key potential environmental impacts and develop appropriate mitigation measures. This EA process is shown in Figure 1.3: Pre-Environmental Assessment I Activitiesl Project Definition Increases Environmental Assessment F Environmental Management Plan Figure 1.3 Environmental Assessment Process for the Project The first two steps in this process will be briefly discussed so as to provide a context for the EMP Pre-Envirounmental Assessment Activities The strategy adopted for the Project during its planning phase was to avoid or limit environmental impacts by paying careful attention to: * facility siting and sizing; * routing of the Cameroon Transportation System; * Project design options (e.g., onshore versus offshore marine terminal); and * overall design parameters (e.g., landfill construction and operating specifications, local employment plans, potable water treatment procedures). A number of activities in support of this strategy were undertaken beginning in These included: * data assimilation and review: - initiation of an effort to identify and analyze pertinent published and unpublished biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related data on Cameroon * development of a Geographical Information System (GIS) to facilitate capturing and depicting environmental data gathered throughout the life of the Project * adoption of a Terrain Analysis Mapping approach: Cameroon 1-5

22 - (initial) utilization of existing satellite imagery, aerial photographs, and topographical maps * reconnaissance missions to Cameroon to: - identify and consult with communities that may potentially be affected by the Project - identify additional data sources - initiate an effort aimed at ground-truthing data and information, including incorporation of findings into the GIS and Terrain Analysis Maps * identification and analysis of three potential Cameroon Transportation System route corridors and two potential marine terminal sites * development of the Terms of Reference for the Cameroon Environmental Assessment. These pre-ea activities proved to be very beneficial, since a number of undesirable environmental impacts were identified early and avoided by recasting certain aspects of the Project (e.g., selection of the proposed route for the Cameroon Transportation System). Additionally, early recognition of some key potential environmental impacts allowed for the ready incorporation of appropriate mitigation measures into the basic Project design. These topics are discussed in more detail in Sections 3, 7, and 8 of the Cameroon EA Cameroon Environmental Assessment Following the pre-ea activities, a formalized EA was undertaken in order to independently and objectively: * identify the key human, biophysical, socioeconomic, and health issues early in the Project's planning stage; * acquire and assimilate appropriate data regarding these topics; * incorporate key learnings into the Project design to the extent practical; * ensure that the Project is constructed and operated/maintained an environmentally acceptable manner; * identify mitigation measures to appropriately address key potential environmental impacts; * generate a document that would facilitate consultations with various stakeholders on biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related aspects of the Project; * satisfy the environmental assessment needs of the Republic of Cameroon, COTCO, and the World Bank and other lenders. The EA was undertaken at the preliminary engineering phase of the Project. As a result, all aspects of the Project (including the exact location for the Cameroon Transportation System land easement) were not in a state of final definition when this study was conducted. Therefore, the EA does not address all location-specific biophysical, socioeconomic, and health topics to the level of detail required to produce a suite of finalized environmental management actions. However, conducting the Cameroon EA at an early stage in the life of the Project had a number of advantages including: * significant potential technical, economic, and environmental impacts were identified early and suitable mitigation measures (including impact(s) avoidance) were devised, reviewed, and incorporated into the Project design; Cameroon 1-6

23 * key stakeholders provided input on the nature and scope of the Project while it still retained a greater degree of flexibility. Dames & Moore, an intemationally respected multi-disciplinary consulting firm, was retained to conduct the Cameroon EA. The EA was prepared in a manner that was consistent with World Bank requirements and guidelines. In addition, the EA was conducted in accordance with a Terrns of Reference (TOR) document that was reviewed and sanctioned by the Republic of Cameroon and the World Bank. This TOR document was developed utilizing information collected from a variety of sources, including consultations with several Non-Governmental Organizations. The Cameroon EA was conducted from 1995 through Environmental Management Plan Structure The Environmental Management Plan for the Project is structured in the following manner: Chapter 1. Chapter 2. Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. Chapter 6. Overview of the Environmental Management Plan Overview of the Chad Export Project Project Management Framework and COTCO's Environmental Oversight Organizations Role of the Republic of Cameroon and Its Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Environmental Management Actions Environmental Management Tools Appendices I List of Contributors to the Environmental Management Plan II List of Acronyms Appearing in the Environmental Management Plan III Cameroon Health Risk Matrix IV Overview of the Cameroon Transportation System's Land Easement Centreline Survey V Sample Land Easement Enviromnental Alignment Sheet VI * Selected Job Specification Coordination Procedures * Selected General Project Specifications * Selected Cameroon/Chad Specifications Chapter 1 is intended to describe the purpose, objective, and format of the EMP and the method by which this document was prepared. Cameroon 1-7

24 Chapter 2 provides an overview of the Chad Export Project. Background information is provided on the following topics: * components of the Chad Export Project and their associated key facilities; * legal framework for the Project; * Project decommissioning, * schedule for the Chad Export Project; and * the physical, biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related setting in the Republic of Cameroon in relation to the Project. Chapter 3 is devoted to a discussion of: * the Project's management framework, * COTCO's construction and operations phase environmental oversight organizations, * the relationship with contractors during the Project's construction phase. Financial and personnel requirements for COTCO's environmental oversight organizations have been included in the text. Chapter 4 is focused on Project-related matters regarding the Republic of Carneroon. This chapter outlines three topics: * the Republic of Cameroon's areas of responsibility regarding potential environmental impacts, * the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization during the construction and operations phases of the Project, especially regarding environmental matters, and * the manner in which the Republic of Cameroon intends to fulfill its administrative supervision and technical inspection obligations regarding environmental matters. A brief discussion of the institutional strengthening requirements within the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization necessitated by the Project is also included in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 is the technical core of the EMP, for in it appears:. key biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related topics related to the Project and their associated potential impacts;. items incorporated into the design of the Project to avoid or mitigate potential environmental impacts;. environmental mitigation and monitoring plans; *environmental actions and responsibilities of the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO. Chapter 6 outlines a number of Environmental Management Tools that are planned for the Project along with key studies/activitie supporting the synthesis of these tools. Finally, a number of Project-specific documents and data compilations that support the contents of the EMP are provided as appendices. Cameroon 1-8

25 1.6 Environmental Management Plan Preparation Exxon Production Research Company developed the Environmental Management Plan for the Project. A multi-disciplinary team featuring Esso/Exxon environmental specialists, environmental, socioeconomic, and health specialists from Dames & Moore, and a number of independent environmental scientists/consultants was assembled to prepare the document. In addition, representatives of the Republic of Cameroon were involved in drafting Chapter 4. The Environmental Assessment report for the Project was used as a starting point for drafting this EMP. In addition to various World Bank directives that were in force in September, 1997, the following Project-specific documents were consulted extensively during the preparation of this document: * Selected Job Specification Coordination Procedures (JSCP): - JSCP 19 Changes in Work / Deviations from Job Specifications - JSCP 22 Project Safety Practices - JSCP 23 Occupational Health, Medical Facilities, and Sanitation - JSCP 27 Training - JSCP 29 Socioeconomic Interactions - JSCP 30 Environmental Management - JSCP 31 Interface Management Selected General Project Specifications (GPS): - GPS-001 Camps and Facilities - GPS-002 Catering Services - GPS-003 Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution (Temporary) - GPS-004 Packaged Sewage Treatment System (Temporary) - GPS-005 Water WeUs (Temporary) - GPS-006 Waste Incinerator (Temporary) - GPS-007 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill - GPS-008 Project Safety Requirements - GPS-010 Health Plan - GPS-011 Waste Management - GPS-012 Socioeconomic Action Plan - GPS-018 Septic Tank and Effluent Disposal into Drainage Field (Temporary) - GPS-020 Survey Camps and Facilities - GPS-021 Survey Catering Services Cameroon 1-9

26 * Selected Camneroon/Chad Specifications (CCS): - CCS Waste Incinerator - CCS Water Wells - CCS Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution - CCS Packaged Sewage Treatment System - CCS Solid Waste Landfill - CCS Soil Erosion Mitigation - CCS Environmental Impact Mitigation Each of these JSCP, GPS, and CCS documents is appended to the EMP (see Appendix VI). 1.7 Accuracy/Applicability of Infonnation and Statements Contained in the Environmental Management Plan The infornation and statements contained in this Environmental Management Plan are considered to be accurate and applicable to the Project in its current form. However, as the Project progresses through detailed engineering, construction, and into its operations phase, changes in its scope are bound to occur. Accordingly, it may be necessary to modify or delete some of the environmental management plans and actions contained in this EMP to properly reflect Project changes. Similarly, it may be necessary to add new environmental management plans and actions to appropriately address new or unforeseen Project situations. In either case, all modifications or augmentations of the Project's environmental management strategies, plans, and actions will be accomplished by adhering to a rigorous, systematic process to steward such changes. The Project's Management of Change Process is outlined in Chapter 3. chaptlcntdoc February 8, :25 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon 1-10

27 Chapter 2 Overview of the Chad Export Project 2.0 Introduction The purpose of this Chapter is to provide a general overview of the Chad Export Project. Background information is provided on the following topics: * components of the Chad Export Project and their associated key facilities, * legal framework for the Project; * schedule for the Chad Export Project; * Project decommissioning; and * physical, biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related settings in the Republic of Cameroon in relation to the Project. A more detailed overview of the Chad Export Project can be found in Section 3 of the Environmental Assessment report. 2.1 Chad Export Project Overview Introduction The Chad Export Project is a proposed $US 3 billion (1800 billion FCFA) effort to produce and transport oil from the Doba Basin located in southern Chad to the Cameroonian Atlantic coast for export to world markets. Three oilfields, namely Kome. Bolobo, and Miandoum, will be tapped to produce approximately 159 million cubic metres (-I billion barrels) of crude oil over a thirty year period. Peak annual average production rates are estimated to be approximately 38,000 cubic metres (240,000 barrels) of oil per day Supporting Infrastructure In order to transport supplies and equipment to the oilfield development area and along the Transportation System's land easement during the construction phase of the Chad Export Project, upgrades to the road systems in Cameroon and Chad are required. This will involve repairing and/or improving approximately 300 kilometres (190 miles) of existing road surfaces in Cameroon and the construction of a short section of new road and a bridge crossing the Mbere River at the Cameroon/Chad border. In addition, several other bridges will require modification and/or strengthening. The existing Cameroon rail system between the port of Douala and Ngaoundal in the northern part of the country will be utilized during the construction phase of the Chad Cameroon 2-1

28 Export Project to move equipment and supplies to where they are needed. Cameroonian railroad authorities have been approached to effect certain upgrades to this rail system so that the freight movement requirements of the Chad Export Project can be satisfied without disrupting existing rail services. Other supporting infrastructure-related facilities in Cameroon required by the Project include: * a Transportation System office in Douala that contains the Oil Traffic Control Centre (see below); * storage yards at the port of Douala and at several other locations; and * a satellite-based communications system Chadian Oilfield-Area Facilities (Including Drilling) Current plans call for initially drilling -300 wells (including produced water re-injection wells) in the Chadian oilfields. Approximately two-thirds of these wells will be in the Kome field - the largest of the three oilfields. The locations of the wells will be defined by detailed reservoir engineering and economic appraisal activities that are aimed at optimizing the recovery of hydrocarbons from the subterranean reservoirs. Figure 2.1 A Drilling Rig Operating in One of the Southern Chad Oilflelds Because the natural pressures of the reservoirs are not sufficient to push the viscous oil to the surface at desired production rates, each well will be equipped with an electric submersible pump located at a depth of kilometre (1 mile). Each field generally will possess oil, produced water, and limited natural gas handling facilities and pipelines. Cameroon 2-2

29 Fluids (i.e., oil, formation water) produced from each well will flow through flowlines. manifolds, and gathering stations for collection and primary separation of oil and water. Special wells will be used to re-inject the separated water safely back into the oil-bearing stratum in each field. Any natural gas that is co-produced with oil and formation water will be recovered and utilized as fuel for the oilfield-area facilities - no gas will be routinely flared. In addition to the individual oil well locations, an Operations Centre featuring the following facilities will be located in the oilfield area: * a Central Treating Facility; * an electric power generation plant; * Pump Station #1 of the Transportation System; * warehouses and a maintenance/operations centre; * an airfield capable of accommodating large cargo aircraft; * a training centre for the workforce; and * an office and workforce housing for a single status community. The Central Treating Facility (CTF) will receive a water/oil mixture from the oilfieldarea gathering stations. The primary purpose of the CTF is to de-water the oil and water mixture coming from each field to produce sales-quality crude oil meeting a 1% maximum basic sediment and water (BS&W) specification. The facilities associated with the CTF will be constructed to recognized international design codes such as those specified by the American Petroleum Institute (API). the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), or the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Figure 2.2 A Typical Oilifield Central Treating Facility Cameroon 2-3

30 To supply power to the Operations Centre and the field facilities. a -100 megawatt electric power generating plant will be constructed. A combination of produced crude oil and associated natural gas will be used to fuel the power plant. Waste heat from the power plant exhaust will be recovered and used to assist in the oil separation process. Development and production of the oilfields located in southern Chad will be performed by Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. (EEPCI) [the Consortium's designated Operator at the present time] on behalf of the Consortium Pipeline A key element in the proposed Chad Export Project is the construction of a pipeline to carry crude oil from Pump Station #1 located in the oilfield-area of southern Chad through Cameroon to an offshore marine terminal situated just off the Cameroonian Atlantic coast. Oil tankers will load oil from this marine facility for transport to international markets. The pipeline itself will be 760 millimetres in diameter (30 inches) and approximately 1050 kilometres (650 miles) in length. Approximately 880 kilometres (-545 miles) of the pipeline will be situated in Cameroon, with the balance (-170 kilometres L105 miles]) located within Chad. A short marine pipeline, -11 kilometres (-7 miles) in length, will connect the marine terminal to the onshore system. The onshore pipeline will be buried with a minimum of one metre of ground cover, except where rock formations and thermal design requirements dictate otherwise. To limit impacts on natural habitats, the route for the pipeline has been chosen primarily along existing roadway corridors or on land that has been disturbed in some fashion by human activities. Furthermore, the pipeline will be equipped with an external protective coating and a cathodic protection system to safeguard its mechanical integrity. The Transportation System's operations and administrative office in Douala, Cameroon will continually (i.e., 24 hours per day, 7 days per week) monitor the functioning of the system by using a computerized Surveillance Control and Data Acquisition system (SCADA) located in its Oil Traffic Control Centre (OTCC). A land easement width of 30 metres (105 feet) will be required to construct the pipeline, except in difficult areas. In difficult areas, the width of the land easement will be extended to 50 metres (175 feet) where access to the sea is required, where other natural obstacles exist, and at road/railroad crossings and to 60 metres (210 feet) at river crossings. Cameroon 2-4

31 Figure 2.3 Welding a Section of Pipeline on Its Land Easement Although the pipeline route has been specifically chosen to limnit the number of streams and rivers that need to be crossed, some stream and river crossings will be necessary. At such locations, trenching, and pipelaying activities will be scheduled to take place during periods of low- or no-water flow to the extent practical. As an added precaution, the pipeline will be laid deeper than normal (i.e., 1.5 metres [5 feet] v,ersus 1.0 metres [3 feet]) below stream/river channel bottoms to protect it from the potential effects of scour and changing bottom profiles. Valves will be installed at approximately 35 kilometre (22 mile) intervals along the length of the pipeline to facilitate system operation/maintenance as well as to limit potential environmental impacts in the unlikely case of a leak or spill. All valves will be placed in fenced, locked enclosures. To build the pipeline, a specialized construction team. known as a "spread", will car-ry out the full range of operations from the initial clearing of the land easement through pipeline trench excavation, pipe welding, pipeline laying, trench backfilling. and final clean-up. Cameroon 2-5

32 Figure 2.4 Lowering a Section of Pipeline Into a Trench Land easement clearing and pipeline construction activities should last approximately three months at any one location - and shall often be less than that. A moveable base camp will be established to support pipeline construction activities for a distance of approximately 40 kilometres (25 miles) in each direction from the camp. However, only a fraction of this distance will experience actual trenching and pipe laying at any one point in time. A permanent easement (referred to as a "system easement") expected to be metres (33-50 feet) in width will be maintained throughout the operating life of the Project. The land within the system easement will be returned to its former agricultural or other usages provided they are compatible with the operations/maintenance requirements of the Cameroon Transportation System. Vehicular access to the system easement in environmentally sensitive areas will be on an as-needed basis and will be restricted to authorized vehicles and personnel involved in maintenance. system monitoring, and (if necessary) emergency response. During the operations phase of the Chad Export Project, the Transportation System will be monitored by electronic instruments and leak detection systems (see above). In addition, the system will be inspected regularly by ground and aerial patrols for signs of leakage or unauthorized encroachment along the system easement that might affect overall system integrity. Other items that may require attention, such as soil erosion. water course changes, road and stream crossings, and the regrowth of undesirable Cameroon 2-6

33 vegetation over the system easement will also be monitored from the ground and from the air Pump Stations and the Pressure Reducing Station The Chad Export Project's design calls for the Transportation System to possess three pump stations and a pressure reducing station. As was mentioned earlier. Pump Station #1 will be located at the main Operations Centre in the oilfield-area of southern Chad. Pump Stations #2 and #3 will be located in Cameroon (near Dompla and Belabo respectively) and will be manned and completely self-supporting (i.e., each will have power generation capabilities and worker accommodations). Each pump station will be fueled by crude oil drawn from the pipeline. Oil-burning heaters will be used to heat the crude oil flowing through Pump Stations #2 and #3 to - 71 C (160 DF). This process lowers the oil's viscosity, or thickness, and improves its flow through the pump stations. Once the heated oil leaves a pump station, its temperature approaches the ambient temperature of the ground at a distance from the facility. The pressure reducing station is designed to regulate the pressure of the crude oil that is delivered to the offshore marine terminal. This station, which will be located approximately I kilometre (0.6 mile) inland from the Cameroonian Atlantic coast, will be fully automated and equipped with surge tanks to handle emergency pressure relief situations Marine Terminal The marine terminal is comprised of a Floating Storage and Off-Loading (FSO) vessel and its single point mooring system. Such systems are commonly used throughout the world, including Cameroon. Cameroon 2-7

34 Figure 2.5 A FSO Vessel Operating in West African Waters The FSO vessel will provide storage of the crude oil prior to its loading onto ocean-going export tankers. Cur-rent plans call for a crude oil tanker converted to stationary duty to be used as the FSO vessel. This tanker is targeted to have a crude oil storage capacity of at least cubic metres (2 million barrels). Marine hoses will be used to load tandemberthed tankers from the FSO. 2.2 Legal Framework for the Project Several pieces of Cameroon legislation govern the activities of the Project. A document known as the Convention of Establishment (the Convention) sets out the legal, tax, customs, and exchange control regime that is applicable to COTCO's activities in Cameroon. This Convention is consistent with the Law governing the Transportation by Pipeline of Hydrocarbons Originating from Other Countries as well as its Implementing Decree. The Convention, Law, and Decree collectively describe procedures regarding the application for. review of, and granting of an Authorization for Transportation by Pipeline - this authorization allows for the activities described in the Convention to proceed. As provided for in the Law, the Decree contains provisions for the creation of a Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Commiittee and a Pipeline Inspection Service, both of which are Republic of Cameroon inter-vention agencies related to the Project (see Chapter 4). In order to facilitate construction and operation/maintenance of the Transportation System. a Bilateral Agreement was signed between the Republic of Cameroon and the Cameroon 2-8

35 Republic of Chad and a Cooperation Agreement approved by the Republics of Cameroon and Chad will be signed by COTCO and TOTCO (TOTCO = Tchad Oil Transportation Company, S.A.). COTCO will design. construct. operate/maintain, and decommission the Cameroon Transportation System in accordance with the terms of the Convention of Establishment to be signed between the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO. To design and supervise the construction of the Cameroon Transportation System. COTCO will enter into a contract with a Project Management Company (PMC), a company which will be formed to manage the Chad Export Project. COTCO will also enter into a contract with a Services Company to provide it with administrative and technical services and personnel. 2.3 Timeline/Schedule for the Chad Export Project A pictorial representation of the current schedule for the Chad Export Project appears in Figure this figure can be found at the end of Chapter 2. Noteworthy items regarding the Chad Export Project's schedule are as follows: - First commercial production of oil: Third Quarter 2001, Construction/upgrading of infrastructure : First Quarter Fourth Quarter 1999, Development drilling: First Quarter First Quarter Construction. commissioning and testing of oilfield-area facilities : First Quarter Third Quarter 2001 * Construction of the Transportation System's pipeline : Fourth Quarter Second Quarter Construction of the Transportation System's pump stations : Fourth Quarter Second Quarter 2001 * Construction, commissioning, and testing of the Transportation System's marine components: First Quarter Third Quarter Project Decomiissioning In the latter stages of the Project's operations phase, a comprehensive Decommissioning Plan will be prepared. This Plan, which will be drafted after consultations with the Republic of Cameroon and an assortment of other stakeholders, will specifically outline the activities that will be undertaken during the decommissioning phase of the Project. Overall, the Project's decommissioning activities will be in harmony with applicable Republic of Cameroon legislation and recognized international norms for upstream petroleum industry sites and facilities at the time that the decommissioning actually occurs. For example, if the Project were to be decommissioned in 1998, all work would be performed in accordance with the requirements contained in applicable Cameroon legislation and would be consistent with the standards outlined in "Decommissioning, Remediation, and Reclamation Guidelines for Onshore Exploration and Production Cameroon 2-9

36 Sites" published by the E&P Forum (i.e.. the Oil Industry International Exploration and Production Forum) in October, Although it is not possible to represent the exact contents of the Project's Decommissioning Plan at this time. it is possible to present key decommissioning-related activities likely to occur within Cameroon. For all or part of the Cameroon Transportation System not acquired by the Republic of Cameroon, COTCO shall have the obligation to: * clean the Cameroon Transportation System and seal the open ends of the buried pipeline in accordance with industry standards; and. remove the surface installations, level the surface of the corresponding land, and plant appropriate vegetation to prevent soil erosion, to the extent required by the Republic of Cameroon. Decommissioning work is the responsibility of COTCO and will be performed by Contractors overseen by COTCO personnel. It is anticipated that local individuals will be temporarily employed by Contractor firms during the decommissioning effort. Decommissioning of the Chad Export Project in its entirety is anticipated to cost approximately $US 55 million (33,000 million FCFA) [1998 currency]. At this stage in the life of the Chad Export Project, it is premature to assign the proportion of these costs between its Cameroonian segment and the Chadian segment. Cameroon 2-10

37 2.5 The Republic of Cameroon's Environmental Setting in Relation to the Project Note: For a more detailed treatment of this topic, consult Section 6 of the Cameroon Environmental Assessment report Geographv The landscape along the Cameroon Transportation System's land/system easement across Cameroon from the Chad border to the Atlantic coast generally is rolling to hilly, transitioning to a relatively flat coastal plain Climate and Vegetation The climate of the Project area varies from tropical in the north to equatorial at the Atlantic coast, and annual rainfall in the Project area varies from 1400 millimeters (55 inches) near Touboro to 2900 millimetres (114 inches) at Kribi. While there are pronounced variations in the seasonality of rainfall, there is generally one rainy season in the north, and two in the south. X,-t~~~~~~~~-0M W` 4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- ' '' -* - I-.-S. Figure 2.7 The Coastal Plain in the Kribi Area The vegetation intersected by the northern portion of the Cameroon Transportation System consists primarily of wooded savannah, most of which has been heavily grazed, cultivated for cotton and subsistence crops, or is in various stages of fallow. The Mbere Rift Valley is one area that is relatively less degraded than the other wooded savannah regions in the northern section of Cameroon. Some riverine gallery forests and floodplain Cameroon 2-11

38 wetlands are present in this locale and are important resources for seasonal agriculture and livestock grazing. Figure 2.8 The Mbere River Along the Cameroon/Chad Border (note the riverine gallery forest alongside the river) The Cameroon Transportation System's planned route transitions to a semi-deciduous forest about halfway along its length. In this region, the land/system easement will primarily pass through logged-over forest. The last portion of the route near the coast consists of Atlantic littoral evergreen forest. Most of the forest in this section of the Cameroon Transportation System's route has already been impacted by human activities. Cameroon 2-12

39 .-- 4 Figure 2.9 The Atlantic Littoral Evergreen Forest in Southern Cameroon Near Lolodorf Socioeconomic Patterns Cameroon is a country with approximately 13 million inhabitants. Although the country's main industries are petroleum production and refining, timber production. food processing, and the manufacturing of light consumer goods and textiles, agriculture (especially at the subsistence level) employs most of the active population. Fishing is somewhat of an important economic activity in the Atlantic coast regions. Along the Cameroon Transportation System's planned route, the population is largely comprised of small farmers, herders, fishermen, hunters, and gatherers. Cameroon 2-13

40 -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4: h,o Figure 2.10 A Typical Field of Manioc in Cameroon _. Figure 2.11 A Herd of Cattle Drinking at the Lom River A population of Pygmies exists in the Kribi area forests at a distance from the Cameroon Transportation System's land/system easement. These people are generally selfsufficient, relying to a large extent on floral and faunal resources for their basic needs. Agricultural activities are increasing in this population and are playing a more important role in their society. Cameroon 2-14

41 2.5.4 Disease Prevalence and Public Health Most tropical viral. bacterial. and parasitical diseases are present in Cameroon. and a number of diseases are considered to be of high risk along the Cameroon Transportation System's planned route. These include insect-borne diseases such as malaria. dengue fever, and leishmaniasis. Other high risk diseases include tuberculosis, trypanosomiasis, leprosy, filariasis, yellow fever, and a variety of sexually transmitted diseases. Prominent viral diseases include HIV/AIDS and the hepatitis family of disorders (i.e.. hepatitis A, B, C, non-a, and non-b). Conservative estimates of projected AIDS cases in Cameroon are considerable and represent a burden for the existing health care system. With few exceptions, the public health care delivery system in Cameroon is characterized by uneven distribution and access. In some areas. the development of health care infrastructure largely mirrors the presence or absence of missionary or Non- Governmental Organization activity. Cameroon 2-15

42 c2nophot.doc February :50 PM Carnwrrn Tine =c2pho2oe.doc Cwneroon 2-16

43 YEAR (WK) 2(1 2W _ TASKS QUA4RTFR 4 4 I I I II DETAILED DESIGN ENGINEERING VA 2. INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS (Chad & Cameroon) (Road, Rail, Buidges) * Mobilization * liitial Work (2 storage yards) _ * Construction / Upgrade 3. FIELD FACILITIES (Chad) * Mobilization * Site llreparauiont. * [acility Construction - * ('0Co1mission / Testing * I)evelopinert D)rilling PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMN Pipeline (Chad & Canieroon) * I're Mobilization & Mobilization _ * Construction _ - Pump Stations (Chad & Cameroon) * Sile preparation & Mobilization * (Construclion. - Marine Ternminal Facilities (Cameroon) * I)esign * Convert * Commission / T*lesting 5. OIL PRODUCTION LEGEND m _ Interitiltent Aclivilies ~ Conitiniuous M CURRENT SCHEDULE FOR THIE Activities Chad Export Project CHAD EXPORT PROJECT Continuous lo D)econiunissioning FIGURE 2.6]

44 Chapter 3 Project Management Framework and COTCO's Environmental Oversight Organizations 3.0 Introduction The purpose of this Chapter is to: * present and discuss the overall management framework for the Project, * overview the Project's environmental management framework, * introduce the construction and operations phase Project organizations, * outline COTCO's construction and operations phase environmental oversight organizations, and * define and discuss the COTCO/contractorelationship for the construction phase of the Project. 3.1 Project Management Framework COTCO will utilize a number of management processes and systems to oversee Project activities, including their biophysical, socioeconomic, and health aspects. Adherence to these processes and systems will help ensure achievement of the Project's overall environmental goals Operations Integrity Manazement System COTCO will base its Project Management Framework on an Operations Integrity Management System that is compatible with that developed by Exxon Corporation. In 1992, Exxon Corporation instituted an Operations Integrity Management Framework to systematically identify and implement ways to improve procedures and practices dealing with biophysical, health, and safety performance throughout the Corporation. The Operations Integrity Management Framework was brought into the mainstream of the Corporation's facilities and operations worldwide via the development of a standard Operations Integrity Management System (OIMS). Quite simply, OIMS is a structured process aimed at preventing operational incidents and reducing biophysical, safety, and health risks. OIMS is composed of a number of components which are organized according to the following hierarchy: Cameroon 3-1

45 ELEMENTS EXPECTATIONS GUIDELINES PRACTICES & PROCEDURES Figure 3.1 Hierarchy of OIMS Components As one moves down this hierarchy, greater definition occurs as to the type and nature of activities that must be conducted to fulfill the goals of OIMS. Eleven elements constitute the cornerstone of the Corporate version of OIMS. These are listed below together with their key activity focus areas: Element 1 Management Leadership. Commitment, and Accountabilitv - establish procedures for implementing and managing OIMS - establish roles, responsibilities, authorities, and accountabilities within OIMS - establish goals and objectives for OIMS - establish processes for ensuring active employee participation in OIMS - establish procedures for assessing how well expectations are met * Element 2 Risk Assessment and Management - identify hazards and assess the likelihood of occurrence - evaluate measures to prevent or reduce the impacts of hazards - follow-up on recommendations to ensure they are implemented * Element 3 Facilities Design and Construction - ensure that sound management methods are in place - ensure that risk assessments are conducted at specific Project stages - design and construct facilities that comply with applicable laws and regulations - ensure that responsible requirements are created where regulations do not exist - ensure that quality control and inspection procedures exist Cameroon 3-2

46 perform reviews throughout the life of a facility/operation to confirm that adequate biophysical, safety, and health procedures are in place Element 4 Element 5 Information/Documentation - ensure that needed technical drawings and documents are identified, available, and current - ensure that potential hazards associated with materials involved in operations are identified, documented, and known to the people who will be dealing with them - ensure that regulations, permits, codes, standards, and practices are documented and understood by those affected Personnel and Training - ensure the selection and placement of qualified employees - ensure employees are trained to meet job and legal requirements - ensure employees are trained to protect their health and safety - ensure employees receive refresher training to maintain skills and knowledge - provide feedback on employee performance. * Element 6 Operations and Maintenance - assure that procedures exist and are updated at specified times - assure that work permit systems are in place - assure that alarm, control, and shutdown systems are identified, tested, and maintained - ensure that higher risk operations are managed with special procedures - ensure that emissions and wastes are properly tracked and managed - ensure that applicable laws, regulations, and permit requirements are met - ensure that the abandomnent of facilities is handled responsibly * Element 7 Manazement of Change - ensure that procedures to effectively manage change exist - ensure that procedures to respond to changes in laws and regulations exist * Element 8 Third Party Services - establish procedures for evaluating and selecting services which include assessing the ability of the contractor or vendor to perform in a safe and environmentally sound manner - establish performance requirements and self-monitoring procedures that are clearly understood by third parties Cameroon 3-3

47 - establish a system that ensures effective communications between organizations providing and receiving services - establish procedures to monitor and assess third party performance Element 9 Incident Investination and Analysis - establish systems for reporting, investigating, analyzing, and documenting biophysical, health, safety, and regulatory compliance incidents as well as significant near-misses - establish processes for analyzing and reporting incident findings - establish procedures for ensuring lessons learned from incidents and near-misses are shared with organizations that may benefit * Element 10 Community Awareness and Emergencv Preparedness - establish a system that recognizes and responds to community expectations and concerns about the Corporation's operations - establish emergency response plans that are documented, accessible, and clearly communicated - ensure that equipment, facilities, and trained personnel are available to respond to emergencies - conduct emergency response simulations and drills Element 11 Operations Integritv Assessment and Improvement - ensure that operations undergo OIMS assessments at predetermined times - ensure that OIMS assessments are conducted by trained teams from a variety of organizations and affiliates - ensure that observations and learnings from OIMS assessments are reviewed and implemented Within the standard Exxon Corporation version of OIMS, some sixty expectations have been defined, and all of these will be adopted for the Project. OIMS-compliant guidelines and practices/procedures continue to be developed at the Project level so as to make particular actions relevant to Project-specific situations and circumstances. Individual Project documents contain or reference various plans, procedures, activities, instructions, standards, manuals, etc. that are needed to define and achieve specific objectives and to contribute to the prudent management of the Project. Overall, the comprehensive nature of these guidelines and practices/procedures will allow COTCO to efficiently and effectively steward the Cameroon Transportation System through its evaluation, design, engineering, procurement, construction, start-up/commissioning, operations, and decommissioning phases. It is worthy to note that the technical specifications which contractors must adhere to during the Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) portion of the construction phase of the Project were drafted to be in compliance with OIMS-based requirements. Cameroon 3-4

48 Change Management Among the 11 elements of the Operations Integrity Management System that was outlined above, the element focusing on the management of change has been acknowledged as having particular importance to the Project. As is the case with any major natural resource development project, change will be an ever-present feature of the Project. It was recognized early on in the Project's planning phase that a systematized approach regarding change management would be essential to the overall success of the Project, for without it, Project changes could prove to be a disruptive force within the venture. In recognition of this, a discrete set of change management procedures that meet OIMS requirements has been developed for the Project. The objectives of these procedures are to: * effectively manage change to minimize risk and improve business performance; * control Project changes in total by eliminating non-essential changes and minimizing changes after a control basis has been set, especially during detailed engineering and construction; * ensure that approved changes are implemented, widely communicated, and closedout on a timely basis. Close-out includes documentation and establishing a permanent record;. establish a separate but linked change process within each outside contract for control of changes against the contract, wherein the contractor will be required to assess the risk associated with changes; rmanage temporary and urgent changes within the overall change process; and identify deviations to the Project which are different than what may have originally been planned, documented, or assumed but are not considered changes to a Project baseline (e.g., adverse price trends). These objectives will be realized via adherence to a formalized change management process. A schematic diagram outlining the Project's Change Management Process appears below: Cameroon 3-5

49 Initiation Step 1 Peqmue t Step 2 Evaluation Step 3 Rejecwd or Further Rio" Approval Evaluton Functional Group Change Review Board o*rf Fm jve Review thegrup Step 4 oprr f Approval App t Docutiou Step 5 _val Implement Change Oclosut Step 6 _ Figure 3.2 The Project's Change Management Process and Steps As can be seen in Figure 3.2, the essential steps of the Project's Change Management Process are: 1. Identification of an item/situation potentially requiring some type of change; 2. Preparation of a Change Request Document that: - outlines the nature of the item/situation requiring a change, - presents a justification for the change, - outlines impacts of the change (e.g., cost, schedule, safety, operability), - identifies potential biophysical, socioeconomic, or health concerns, and - estimates personpower and financial requirements to effect the change; 3. Quick evaluation by appropriate individual(s) to determine whether resources should be devoted to further progressing the change request (i.e., mechanism to filter out proposals of limited merit); 4. Fonnal assessment and review of the change request, including: - a preliminary assessment at the functional group level, - a review for compatibility with the Enviromnental Management Plan and identification of modifications if appropriate, and Cameroon 3-6

50 - a subsequent assessment by a Change Review Board where higher approval authority is required; 5. Documentation of the approval or rejection of the change request; and 6. Implementation of an approved change, including communication to appropriate parties concerning the nature, scope, and timing of the change. The Change Management Process's written procedures require that health, safety, socioeconomic, and biophysical issues be addressed prior to the approval of any change. All EPC contractors will be required to devise their own change management procedures that are in harmony with those of the Project. Contractor change management procedures will also require that biophysical, socioeconomic, and health considerations be factored into the approval of all changes. 3.2 Environmental Management Framework COTCO will use an environmental management framework to: * manage the Project's biophysical, socioeconomic, and health impacts during its construction, operations, and decommissioning phases,. ensure that the Project is constructed and operated/maintained in a cost-effective manner that is consistent with environmental policies and goals and within the context of OIMS, and * satisfy commitments undertaken related to Project BP/SE/H matters. The generation of this environmental management framework can be viewed as a three step process, with lessons learned and new information acquired used to continuously improve performance. The three steps involved in crafting the Project's environmental management framework are: * development of Project Technical Specifications, development of COTCO environmental management tools, and * development of contractor environmental plans. An overview of each of these three areas follows. Note that the development and implementation of this management framework began with pre-ea activities and will continue throughout the construction and operations phases of the Project Proiect Technical Specifications A great deal of time and effort has been devoted to preparing comprehensive, detailed specifications that outline the technical expectations and requirements for the construction phase of the Project. This suite of -250 individual documents is intended to Caimeroon 3-7

51 establish a detailed basis by which construction phase activities (including those dealing directly or indirectly with biophysical, socioeconomic, and health topics) are to be executed. In addition to stipulating numerous technical and engineering details, these documents demonstrate the special attention that has been focused on the key biophysical, socioeconomic, and safety/health-related ramifications of the Project. All EPC contractors that are selected to work on the Project must adhere to the conditions itemized in these comprehensive technical specification documents. The first set of construction phase Project-specific technical specifications, known as Job Specification Coordination Procedures (JSCPs), is comprised of 31 individual documents. Those that are related to biophysical, socioeconomic, and safety/healthrelated topics are as follows: * JSCP 19 Changes in Work / Deviations from Job Specifications * JSCP 22 Project Safety Practices * JSCP 23 Occupational Health, Medical Facilities, and Sanitation * JSCP 27 Training * JSCP 29 Socioeconomic Interactions * JSCP 30 Environmental Management JSCP 31 Interface Management Seventeen sets of requirements, referred to as General Project Specifications (GPSs), constitute the second set of construction phase Project technical specifications. All but three of these GPS documents are devoted to biophysical, socioeconomic, and safety/health-related topics. The GPSs that are gernane to this EMP are as follows: * GPS-001 Camps and Facilities * GPS-002 Catering Services * GPS-003 Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution (Temporary) * GPS-004 Packaged Sewage Treatment System (Temporary) * GPS-005 Water Wells (Temporary) * GPS-006 Waste Incinerator (Temporary) * GPS-007 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill * GPS-008 Project Safety Requirements * GPS-010 Health Plan * GPS-011 Waste Management * GPS-012 Socioeconomic Action Plan * GPS-018 Septic Tank and Effluent Disposal into Drainage Field (Temporary) Camneroon 3-8

52 * GPS-020 Survey Camps and Facilities * GPS-021 Survey Catering Services From a design and engineering viewpoint, the most detailed set of construction phase Project specifications are known as the Cameroon/Chad Specifications (CCSs). Thusfar, approximately 200 CCSs have been drafted. The following CCSs have biophysical, socioeconomic, and/or safety/health-related implications: * CCS Waste Incinerator * CCS Water Wells * CCS Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution * CCS Packaged Sewage Treatment System * CCS Solid Waste Landfill * CCS Soil Erosion Mitigation * CCS Environmental Impact Mitigation All of the above-listed Project technical specifications that deal in whole or in part with environmental topics are included in Appendix VI Environmental Management Tools In addition to the above-discussed construction phase-focused biophysical, socioeconomic, and health/safety-related specifications, COTCO will prepare a series of environmental management tools corresponding to key work areas/activities. For example, a stand-alone Compensation Plan is being drafted to address Project-specific issues in Cameroon. Chapter 6 of this EMP provides an overview of a number of the BP/SE/H-related plans that are envisioned for the Project. Prior to the commissioning and start-up of the Cameroon Transportation System facilities, COTCO will draft a series of plans that will form the basis of an overall Operations Management System. This System will include a number of environmentalspecific plans. These plans and others not yet specified will outline the objectives of COTCO in specific areas and will systematically present actions that will be undertaken to achieve the Project's environmental goals. In all likelihood, the operations phase plans will bear many similarities to the plans developed and utilized by contractors during the construction phase of the Project. Periodic internal assessments will be undertaken in order to monitor compliance with the Project's management plans once the Project moves into its operations phase. Cameroon 3-9

53 3.2.3 Contractor Biophvsical. Socioeconomic, and Health Plans All contractors that are selected to work on the construction phase of the Project will be contractually obligated to prepare, for COTCO approval, a number of BP/SE/H plans for the work areas/activities for which they are responsible. COTCO requires that these plans outline and describe the detailed processes by which the actual work of engineering and constructing the Cameroon Transportation System facilities and infrastructure will be performed. Furthermore, the contents of these plans must be in accordance with construction phase technical specifications, the operations integrity management system adopted by COTCO, and overall Project-specific goals. A time-line showing how contractor plan development fits into the Project's overall work schedule is shown below in Figure 3.3. Tailored, Detailed contractor Turs Operting Envirunental Management \ Mo nitoring BP/SE/H-Related -PlansDevelopedforEach \ Dvelopment of(or Records, Datibases, Requirements I MaJorContractorSioe x rporaion Irto) and Other Materials COTCO and Incorporated into (COTCO Approval Required COTCO Opeations Over to Revises Plans Contracting Docunents for Contractor Plans) Phase Plans COTCO as Necessary Pre-Bid Date. AfterAward:and After -- re4bul Dare., Before Mobilization Acceptance Contracting Detailed Engineering Construction Operations and Procurement Figure 3.3 Timeline for the Development of Project BPJSEIH Plans Each contractor will develop individual BP/SE/H-related plans in a manner that is consistent with the overall schedule for the Chad Export Project presented in Section 2.3 During Project construction, the in-country offices of COTCO will monitor the activities of contractors for compliance with their approved plans, the Project-specific technical specifications and plans, and the Environmental Management Plan. Cameroon 3-10

54 3.3 Project Organizations Current Project Organization A very simplified representation of the Project's present-day organization is shown below: ProjectE utive Management Team O Technical Groups Support Groups -Drilling -Reservoir Planning -Human Resources -LaW Comptrollers Figure 3.4 The Project's Current Organizational Structure This Project organization has been developed by assembling personnel from various EEPCI affiliates as a means of leveraging existing Exxon corporate knowledge and experience. A noteworthy feature of this current Project organization is that it features an Operations Group. This group was purposefully established prior to construction in order to assure that leamings and experience arising during the construction phase are transposed into a knowledgeable, efficient, and effective operating/maintenance organization. Dedicated environmental staff are part of both the Operations Group and the Project Management Team which is discussed below Construction Phase Proiect Organization COTCO will enter into a Project Management Contract with a Project Management Company (PMC), which will supervise the engineering, construction, and commissioning of the Cameroon Transportation System. The part of the current Project organization that is dedicated to the construction phase of the Project, the Project Management Team, will become the core of the PMC. This group was created to oversee the planning, engineering, construction, and start-up of the Project Cameroon 3-11

55 and its associated facilities. Presently, this team consists of over 100 individuals - approximately 40% of this team is comprised of Esso/Exxon employees while the remainder are from a single engineering company, Fluor Daniel. The levels and positions of the Esso/Exxon employees in the Project Management Team were established to maintain strong management control over the strategic aspects of the Project and to assure the required level of quality in the work products generated by contractor staff. This core group of the Project Management Company will increase its workforce significantly (i.e., from over 100 today to over 200 in 1998) as the Project moves into the EPC portion of its construction phase. This increase in staffing is required to allow for continued close scrutiny of contractor activities and work products. Multi-disciplinary teams will also be physically located in EPC contractor engineering offices to provide continuous, close oversight. As the Project progresses towards construction, the Project Management Company will assist in overseeing the in-country activities of EPC contractors. A sizable and knowledgeable field contingent will assure that contractual obligations regarding construction quality, regulatory compliance, environmental protection, socioeconomic interactions, etc. are being met. The expected construction phase oversight organization is shown in the simplified chart below. _F ~ Project Manager 7 Cameroon Mgr. Health, Safety & Environment Mgr. L HealthlSafety/EnvironmenVSecurity Mgr. II, Socioeconomic Impacts Mgr. Administrative Services Mr l-infrastructure Mgr. Cameroon Transportation System Materials, Logistics, and Infrastructure Mgr. Construction Mgr. Others -F Transportation System Mgr. Oilfeld Fadlities Mgr. Project Services Mgr. Quality Assurance Mgr. HQ Cameroon Figure 3.5 The Project's Expected Construction Phase Organizational Structure As can be seen, the construction organization features enviromnental professionals in the Houston head office (hereafter referred to as "Headquarters" or "HQ") as well as in the Cameroon 3-12

56 field. Furthermore, the managers responsible for biophysical, socioeconomic, and health matters report directly to a senior manager. Strategic biophysical, socioeconomic, and health-related technical support will be provided to the in-country management offices and staff by personnel located in the Headquarters office. Daily supervision of Contractor activities regarding enviromnental matters will be performed by in-country managers and staff. The in-country construction phase BP/SE/H oversight organization is discussed in detail in Section Operations Phase Proiect Organization COTCO will enter into a Services Agreement with a Services Company which will provide technical and administrative services and personnel to the venture during the operations phase. It is expected that the Services Company will provide environmental personnel to assume appropriate organizational oversight positions during the operations phase. Although the details of the operating/maintenance organizations are still under development, environmental expertise for the Project will exist in the Headquarters office as well as in Cameroon. The in-country staff will be responsible for overseeing the dayto-day operations/maintenance of the Project in order to assure that environmental expectations and standards continue to be met. Headquarters-based professionals will provide strategic BP/SE/H guidance and will assist in-country environmental staff where/when necessary. In some instances, contractors may be hired to execute certain environmental tasks during the operations phase, but these contractors would be held to the same standards. 3.4 COTCO's BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations This section of Chapter 3 will provide an overview of the BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations (i.e., construction and operations phase organizations). Although the focus of this sub-section is on the BP/SE/H professionals in these organizations, environmental oversight is part of every worker's job, with line management ultimately bearing the responsibility for results. Workers will be provided with appropriate training regarding key environmental issues so that they can become an effective extension of the BP/SE/H oversight organizations BP/SE/H Oversight Organization : Construction Phase The construction phase BP/SE1H Oversight Organization during the peak of construction is outlined below: Cameroon 3-13

57 Cameroon Manager Health/Safety/ Environment/ Security ManagerMage SocioeconoIic imic Impacts * 9-12 Professionals 2-3 Professionals * Support Staff Support Staff Figure 3.6 The In-Country Construction Phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization's Structure The construction phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization will feature a staff of professionals. Not included in this total are 8-10 community liaisons, who are an integral part of the consultation and socioeconomic monitoring process, and other professionals dealing with compensation and Project land use. These personnel figures also do not include HQ-based PMC BP/SE/H specialists that will be called in periodically to address various issues on an as-needed basis. Further, the figures do not include the environmental assurance personnel and other specialists assigned by the various EPC contractors. These are discussed in Section The in-country BP/SE/H teams will be responsible for interfacing with other COTCO and PMC groups so that Project-related environmental issues can be properly identified and dealt with. In addition, the BP/SE/H group will furnish the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization (see Chapter 4) with required/requested environmental-type infonnation. The responsibilities for the in-country BP/SE/H managers are as follows: * The HealthlSafety/Environment/Security and Socioeconomic Impacts Managers will: - provide overall BP/SE/H oversight for the Project and ensure that contractors are complying with applicable guidelines and regulations, - participate in the selection of the BP/SE/H professionals, - supervise the work of the BP/SE/H professional staff by coordinating assignments/workloads, advising on complex issues, and periodically visiting field locations to ensure regulatory oversight quality, - keep superiors and other COTCO/PMC groups informed regarding the status of BP/SE/H matters as well as emerging issues through verbal reports, informal written reports, or periodic formal reports as appropriate, - coordinate BP/SE/H-related activities in response to routine or emerging issues, Cameroon 3-14

58 - conmmunicate with contractors regarding compliance issues and other issues as necessary, and - communicate with environmental representatives from the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization as required on all BP/SE/H issues. These individuals will be assisted in their job duties by the BP/SE/H Professional Staff. In addition, support staff will provide word processing, filing, and other clerical support services to the Health/Safety/Environment/Security and Socioeconomic Impacts Managers and their professional staffs. The BP/SE/H Professional Staff will have the following general responsibilities: - coordinate all BP/SE/H activities and function as COTCO representatives at the field level regarding all BP/SE/H matters, - work with contractor BP/SE/H Monitors, including overseeing work, inspections, and reviewing compliance and inspection reports, - communicate the results of inspections to appropriate offices via transmittal of copies of original reports, summaries of reports, or periodic formal and informal reports as appropriate, - communicate with management and Headquarters-based PMC personnel regarding emerging BP/SE/H-related issues and areas of concern, - call in inspectors/specialists to consult on special problems or to conduct inspections as needed, and - communicate with the contractor(s) regarding compliance issues. With regard to biophysical matters, the BP/SE/H Professional Staff will: - conduct assessments and inspections to ensure compliance with applicable Republic of Cameroon regulations concerning biophysical issues as well as standards set out in the specifications and the EMP, - observe contractor site clearing, construction activities, erosion control/mitigation, and site reclamation activities, - monitor waste water treatment and solid waste management facilities and observe contractor waste handling practices, - monitor surface water withdrawal practices and hydrotesting effluent discharges, - communicate through verbal and written reports to appropriate offices regarding compliance issues and areas of concern, - monitor contractor training programs with respect to biophysical issues, and - provide advice to contractor field personnel concerning biophysical matters and the interpretation of biophysical regulatory requirements. Cameroon 3-15

59 With regard to socioeconomic matters, the BP/SE/H Professional Staff will: - conduct assessments and inspections to ensure compliance with applicable Republic of Cameroon regulations concerning socioeconomic issues as well as standards set out in the specifications and the EMP, - monitor construction activities regarding socioeconomic issues and potential impacts, - monitor local hiring practices, local purchasing practices, and the compensation program, - review activity schedules and assist in communicating pertinent information to local communities and transhumants so that adjustments to lifestyle patterns can be made and conflicts/disruptions can be avoided or limited, - contact and work with appropriate parties when sacred sites or significant archaeological or paleontological sites are discovered during construction activities, - communicate through verbal and written reports to appropriate offices regarding socioeconomic issues and areas of concern, - monitor contractor training programs with respect to socioeconomic issues, and - provide advice to contractor field personnel concerning socioeconomic matters and the interpretation of socioeconomic regulatory requirements. With regard to health matters, the BP/SE/H Professional Staff will: - conduct assessments and inspections to ensure compliance with applicable Republic of Cameroon regulations concerning health issues as well as standards set out in the specifications and the EMP, - monitor construction activities regarding health issues and potential impacts, including the effectiveness of the EPC contractors' dust control programs, - communicate through verbal and written reports to appropriate offices regarding health issues and areas of concern, - monitor contractor training programs with respect to health issues, - provide advice to contractor field personnel concerning health matters and the interpretation of health regulatory requirements, and - coordinate with local and regional public health facilities and organizations in managing the Project's Community Outreach Health Program. The BP/SE/H oversight group will be staffed commensurate with the work demands. The implementation of the construction phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization will be staged in recognition of the staged nature of the Project's construction activities. The time prior to construction will be spent in training, developing detailed protocols for inspections/assessments/reports, and developing plans, schedules, etc. The full person BP/SE/H professional staff will provide total BP/SE/H oversight until construction activities begin to wane. At that point, the oversight organization will Cameroon 3-16

60 be pared down to an organization more suitable to providing oversight to operations phase activities Construction Phase Interactions with the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters Communications between the BP/SE/H Oversight Organization and the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization regarding environmental matters during the construction phase of the Project will occur through a variety of mechanisms including written reports and memos, as well as informal and formal meetings. Meetings will include regularly scheduled sessions as well as other meetings called on an as-needed basis. At the field level, formal meetings with environmental monitors from the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will be held frequently to discuss scheduling/planning issues, current areas of concern, and emerging BP/SE/H issues. At the management level, formal meetings will be regularly scheduled, but on a less frequent basis. Informal meetings and communications will also occur as necessary. With respect to formal meetings, the Health/Safety/Environment/Security and Socioeconomic Impacts Managers will meet with their respective counterparts in the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization to review BP/SE/H performance based on reports from the field, etc., to consider plans for upcoming work and coordination issues and to resolve any disputes/issues that could not be resolved at the field level Cost of the Construction Phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization The major costs associated with the construction phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization are related to wages/salaries and benefits and other related costs. Other significant areas of expense include transportation of Oversight Organization BP/SE/H professional staff and other specialists to and from the field work areas as well as providing the staff with food, housing, office space, and office supplies/equipment (e.g., photocopy machines, computers, telephones). These costs will be bome by COTCO based on the locations at which these services are provided. At peak staffing level (i.e., 1 l-15 professional staff), costs associated with wages/salaries and benefits for this BP/SE/H Oversight Organization are expected to be $US million per annum ( million FCFA per annum). Additional costs associated with wages/salaries and benefits will be incurred in relation to site visits and facility inspections performed by experts and specialists brought in by the BP/SE/H Oversight Organization. Since these visits will likely involve a small number of people and will be of short duration, the total additional expense is not likely to exceed 5-10% of the estimated wages/salaries and benefits budget quoted above. Cameroon 3-17

61 3.4.2 BP/SE/H Oversight Organization: Operations Phase Because activity levels are expected to substantially decrease during the operations phase relative to the construction phase, a smaller organization will be needed by COTCO for overall BP/SE/H oversight purposes. The PMC will be phased out with the completion of the Cameroon Transportation System construction. At that time, it is expected that environmental personnel provided by the Services Company will assume appropriate oversight positions. In transitioning from a large construction oversight organization to a smaller operating/maintenance organization, BP/SE/H plans and procedures from the construction phase will be modified for use during the operations phase (see Figure 3.2). It is anticipated that many of the day-to-day, routine BP/SE/H field monitoring activities will be incorporated into the job duties of selected on-site operations/maintenance personnel, with 2-3 in-country environmental professionals coordinating and overseeing this work as well as performing more specialized environmental duties. The in-country BP/SE/H professionals will also work with their counterparts in the Headquarters office to address more involved environmental issues. Project-related BP/SE/H planning, coordination, consulting, and analysis activities will be provided by the Headquartersbased environmental team. As required, operations phase environmental professionals will draw on outside expertise to provide assistance in special situations. Depending on activity levels and circumstances, workyears per year of additional effort will be supplied by these personnel Operations Phase Interactions With the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters During the operations phase, communications and interactions between the BP/SE/H Oversight Organization and the BP/SE/H portion of Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will occur at all levels, from the field level to the General Manager level. In general, communications from the operations phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization will be directed to the corresponding BP/SE/H professional(s)/supervisor(s) in the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization (see Chapter 4) and vice versa. These communications will occur through telephone/fax discussions, written reports and memos, and informal and formal meetings. At the field level, environmental monitors of the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will inform appropriate COTCO representatives if compliance concerns arise. At the management level, regularly scheduled meetings will occur between the BP/SE/H Oversight Organization professional staff and appropriate representatives of the Republic of Cameroon's administrative Cameroon 3-1 8

62 supervision and technical inspection organization to review environmental performance, areas of concern, and emerging issues Cost of the Operations Phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization As was the case during the construction phase, the major operations phase costs associated with the BP/SE/H Oversight Organization are related to wages/salaries and benefits and other related costs. Other significant costs will include the provision of transportation, food and lodging, office space, office supplies, and office equipment to incountry BP/SE/H professionals. These costs will be borne by COTCO. Annual wages/salaries and benefits-related costs for the dedicated operations phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization are expected to be less than $US 0.5 million per annum (300 million FCFA per annum) Equipment Needs and Associated Costs for the BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations The equipment and other physical needs of BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations include the use of: - motor vehicles in the field; - desk-top personal computers, with associated printers, - notebook computers for in-field use, * office space, - periodic use of aircraft and/or ground vehicles to perform pipeline surveillance, and - environmental field measurement kits. The construction phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization's needs regarding these items will require incremental expenditures in these areas approaching $US 250,000 (150 million FCFA). Contractor resources in these areas will also be leveraged where/when possible. 3.5 The COTCO/Contractor Relationship During the Construction Phase of the Project Involvement of Contractors in the Construction Phase of the Project COTCO will engage a limited number of Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) contractors during the construction phase of the Project. Major EPC contracts related to the Project are expected to be let in the following areas: * construction of the pipeline, Cameroon 3-19

63 * construction of Pump Stations #2 and #3 and the Pressure Reducing Station, * construction of the marine terminal and its associated facilities, * infrastructure construction and improvements associated with the Cameroon Transportation System Respective Roles/Responsibilities of Contractors and COTCO During the Construction Phase of the Proiect Simply stated, EPC contractors will be responsible for performing all work in a manner that is: * compliant with applicable Republic of Cameroon legislation, * in accordance with the technical and quality specifications of COTCO, and * compliant with contractual obligations. An Oversight Organization will assure that these duties are lived up to by scrutinizing all of the work and work products of EPC contractors, especially those that deal with BP/SE/H topics. This constant and careful oversight of the activities of EPC contractors is key to the success of the Project Contractors' Environmental Assurance Organizations Each EPC contractor will be required to establish a group to manage BP/SE/H-related aspects of the work to be performed. Depending on the nature and size of the contractor's effort/tasks, the number of BP/SE/H personnel will vary. In many cases, EPC contractor BP/SE/H oversight groups will be comprised of an environmental manager, one or more environmental supervisors, and a number of environmental monitors. Collectively, the number of individuals assigned by the EPC contractors to manage BP/SE/H issues and situations added to the number of individuals associated with COTCO's and the Republic of Cameroon's respective BP/SE/H Oversight Organizations provides for a considerable focus on environmental matters. The exact nature of the EPC contractor environmental assurance organizations will be detailed in the Environmental Management Plans that the contractors must submit to COTCO for review and approval Communications Involving Environmental Representatives from the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding formal BP/SE/H-related communications with representatives from the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization, the construction phase BP/SE/H Oversight Organization will act as the point of contact. COTCO will be responsible for communicating any pertinent information arising from such discussions to the appropriate contractors. Cameroon 3-20

64 It is anticipated that EPC contractor BP/SE/H personnel will interact with appropriate representatives from the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization on a day-to-day basis regarding routine matters. COTCO BP/SE/H professionals will oftentimes be involved in these communications as well. Cameroon 3-21

65 chapt3cm.doc February 9, :25 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon 3-22

66 Chapter 4 Role of the Republic of Cameroon and Its Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization 4.0 Introduction This Chapter is devoted to a discussion of the Republic of Cameroon's involvement and responsibilities regarding the Project, particularly with respecto environmental mnatters. More specifically, the Chapter will address: * the areas of involvement and responsibility of the Republic of Cameroon in relation to the Cameroon Transportation System, * the administrative supervision and technical inspection organization of the Republic of Cameroon during the construction and operations phases, * the costs associated with the environmental portion of this organization, and * potential organizational strengthening requirements of this organization. The Convention of Establishment (the Convention), the Law governing the Transportation by Pipeline of Hydrocarbons Originating from Other Countries (the Law), and its Implementing Decree (the Decree) were used as the basis for developing the information in this Chapter. These three documentshall take precedence if discrepancies exist between their texts and the following text. 4.1 The Republic of Cameroon's Involvement With the Project The Republic of Cameroon is involved with the Project because: * approximately 880 km of the Transportation System's pipeline, three onshore facilities and one offshore facility will be constructed within Cameroon's borders, * the Law and its Implementing Decree define an administrative supervision and technical inspection organization for the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System, and * the Republic of Cameroon is an equity participant in the Cameroon Oil Transportation Company, S.A. (COTCO). Cameroon 4-1

67 4.2 The Republic of Cameroon's Areas of Responsibility Regarding Cameroon Transportation System Issues and Impacts The overall role of the Republic of Cameroon is to: * grant, in a timely manner, necessary authorizations and permits, * provide administrative supervision and technical inspection to the Cameroon Transportation System and its works, provide land as needed for the Carneroon Transportation System and appropriately compensate affected individuals and communities, and * enforce applicable legislation and the Convention of Establishment. The administrative supervision and technical inspection-related activities regarding enviromnental matters to be pursued by the Republic of Cameroon are detailed in Chapter 5. These activities will be spread over the life of the Cameroon Transportation System and will be primarily focused on monitoring the application of and compliance with the administrative rules and technical standards related to the legal and regulatory obligations of COTCO as well as those related to safety and to the protection of the environment and populations. These activities will include but not be limited to the following: * developing an administrative supervision and technical inspection organization that, as a body or though its representatives, would: - act as a single point of contact between the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO, - monitor clearing, erosion control, construction, and reclamation activities during the construction phase to ensure that agreed upon environmental safeguards are in place and effective, - monitor activities of COTCO and its Contractors to ensure regulatory compliance, - monitor waste management practices, - periodically inspect wastewater treatment equipment and waste management facilities, - periodically monitor effluent discharges (e.g., treated sewage, hydrotest water), - monitor COTCO and its Contractors' hiring practices, - monitor the Cameroon Transportation System's impacts on local businesses, - facilitate the resolution of socioeconomic conflicts and problems as they arise, and - continue the existing monitoring of disease-producing conditions found in the vicinity of the Cameroon Transportation System facilities. * Policing, including: - enforcing the legislation regarding the new Carneroon/Chad border crossing at the bridge to be built over the Mbere River, Cameroon 4-2

68 - enforcing road traffic regulations in the Cameroon Transportation System development areas, and - maintaining public order in the immediate vicinity of the Cameroon Transportation System, Conservation and management of floral and faunal resources, including controlling wildlife poaching and illegal timber harvesting. 4.3 The Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters: Construction Phase General Structure and Responsibilities As per the Law and its Implementing Decree, the Republic of Cameroon will provide administrative supervision and technical inspection regarding environmental matters to the Cameroon Transportation System. The purpose of this oversight is to ensure compliance with regulations and standards that are intended to protect the biophysical and socioeconomic environments as well as the safety and health of the workers and populations. Specifically, the rules and standards are set forth in applicable legislation and the Convention of Establishment as well as in this Environmental Management Plan. Administrative supervision and technical inspection will occur with respect to several areas, as discussed below. Cameroon Transportation System Design/Construction and Operations Administrative supervision and technical inspection activities in this area will include but not be limited to: * review of plans and facility/equipment designs, review of facility operating procedures addressing environmental issues, * inspection of construction activities and sites, * inspection of operating facilities, particularly at start up, * annual or more frequent inspection of conditions of safety valves, internal corrosion controls, and fire fighting controls and drills, and * witnessing of pressure testing of the pipeline and associated pressure vessels. Environment The administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will be responsible for ensuring that construction and operations works are performed in Cameroon 4-3

69 compliance with the Convention of Establishment and other applicable legislation and texts. The administrative supervision and technical inspection-related activities in this area will include but not be limited to: * review of environmental plans, * review of site selection information, * participation in pre-clearing assessments of sites, * monitoring of clearing, soil stripping, erosion control, construction, and reclamation activities, * review of COTCO's environmental monitoring reports and data, * environmental monitoring of operating facilities, * monitoring of waste management practices, * periodic inspection of wastewater treatment and waste management facilities, * periodic monitoring of treated effluents, and * monitoring and participation in spill response drills. Land and Survey Administrative supervision and technical inspection activities in this area will include but not be limited to: * coordination and facilitation of the operations, studies, and investigations related to the expropriation and grant of land, * monitoring the marking of the boundaries associated with the land easement, * monitoring adherence to land easement requirements, and * monitoring the temporary land occupation process outside the land easement. Labor and Social Insurance Administrative supervision and technical inspection activities in this area will consist of ensuring that all applicable labor and social insurance standards are met. Health Because of the Cameroonian and expatriate work force that will be in place during various phases of the Cameroon Transportation System, especially during the construction phase, and because of the potential for negative health effects on the local populations due to the works and personnel of the Cameroon Transportation System, the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical Cameroon 4-4

70 inspection-related activities in this area consist of ensuring that all applicable health standards are met. Transportation and Public Works Because of the increase in vehicular and equipment-related traffic on the roads and because of the construction of some roads and the improvements to be made to other roads in the Cameroon Transportation System development area during the construction phase, the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection-related activities in this area will consist of ensuring that all transportation and traffic standards and regulations, as well as the road construction standards specified in Annex II to the Convention of Establishment, are met Coordinating Role of the Pimeline Steerina and Monitorinz Committee The Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee shall provide, among others, as set forth in Article 56 of the Decree, coordination for the interventions of the administrations in the framework of the construction, operation, and maintenance works of the Cameroon Transportation System. In this respect, the Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee is the facilitator of relationships between Government bodies and COTCO Role of the Pipeline Inspection Service The Pipeline Inspection Service, which is under the supervision of the Minister in charge of mines, shall provide, among others, as set forth in Article 56 of the Decree, the administrative supervision and technical control of the administration related to the construction, operation, and maintenance works of the Cameroon Transportation System The Construction Phase BP/SE/H Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization The Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee and the Pipeline Inspection Service will have other responsibilities; however, the ensuing discussion will focus only on environmental issues. The structures for the two organizations mentioned above will be established by a forthcoming decree. Regardless of the structure, it is expected that there will be one or more departnents in charge of environmental issues within these two organizations. The environmental staff will be split between the "Central Unit" and other units located at the field construction sites ("Field Units"). Caneroon 4-5

71 Central Unit The Central Unit will be responsible for coordinating the activities of all Republic of Cameroon ministries and agencies regarding the environmental aspects of the Project. Reports originating in the field will be reviewed by the Central Unit and forwarded to the proper agencies as appropriate. The Central Unit Staff will also manage the staff that is stationed in the field. In addition, the Central Unit will have the following responsibilities: Field Units - function as the focal point for approving changes in the environmental scope/nature of the Cameroon Transportation System, - provide administrative supervision and technical inspection related to environmental matters and implement the Republic of Cameroon's laws and regulations, - participate in the selection of Field Unit staffs, - supervise the work of the staff by coordinating assignments/workloads, advising on complex issues, and through periodic visits to field locations to ensure regulatory oversight quality, - keep the various Government bodies informed of the activities related to the Cameroon Transportation System and emerging issues related to enviromnental topics through verbal reports, informal written reports, or periodic formal reports as appropriate, - coordinate environmental-related activities of the various Government bodies, and - communicate with COTCO regarding compliance issues and other issues as necessary. The Field Units will have the following responsibilities: Supervision Activities: - supervise the work of the Field Environmental Monitors including assigning tasks, overseeing their work and inspections, and reviewing compliance and inspection reports, - review compliance and inspection reports from COTCO representatives, - communicate results of inspections to the Central Unit staff via transmittal of copies of original reports, summaries of reports, or periodic formal reports as appropriate, - communicate with Central Unit staff regarding emerging environmental issues and areas of concem, - call in environmental inspectors/specialists from competent Government bodies to conduct inspections and monitoring as needed, Cameroon 4-6

72 - request for appropriate authorities to enforce Republic of Cameroon regulations (e.g., illegal poaching, timber harvesting) as needed, - coordinate all activities and function as the representative of the Central Unit at the field level regarding all envirom-nental matters, - act as liaison with local communities on behalf of the Central Unit regarding environmental matters, and - communicate with COTCO regarding compliance issues, emerging issues, and areas of concern. Biophysical Monitoring Activities: - conduct audits and inspections to ensure compliance with applicable Republic of Cameroon legislation concerning biophysical issues as well as standards set out in the Project specifications and the EMP, - observe pre-construction site clearing, top-soil stripping, construction works, erosion control mitigation, and site reclamation activities throughout the construction phase, - monitor waste management practices, - periodically inspect waste water treatment facilities and monitor solid waste management facilities, - periodically monitor effluent discharges (e.g., treated sewage, hyydrotest water), - monitor surface water withdrawal practices, hydrotesting effluent discharges, and the effectiveness of dust control programs, - communicate through verbal and written reports to the Central Unit regarding compliance issues and areas of concern, - monitor Contractor and COTCO training programs with respect to biophysical issues, and - provide advice to COTCO and Contractor field personnel concerning biophysical matters and the interpretation of biophysical regulatory requirements. * Socioeconomic Monitoring Actions: - conduct audits and inspections to ensure compliance with applicable Republic of Cameroon regulations concerning socioeconomic issues as well as standards set out in the Project specifications and the EMP, - monitor construction works to identify socioeconomic issues and potential impacts, - monitor local hiring practices, local purchasing practices, and the Compensation Plan, - work with local communities and COTCO personnel to resolve socioeconomic issues that arise, - review schedules and assist COTCO in communicating pertinent information so that local populations and transhumants can make Cameroon 4-7

73 adjustments to their lifestyle patterns such that conflicts and disruptions are avoided or minimized, - facilitate periodic visits to local communities by COTCO representatives, - facilitate contacts and coordination with appropriate parties when sacred sites or archaeological or paleontological sites are discovered during construction works, - communicate through verbal and written reports to the Central Unit regarding socioeconomic issues and areas of concern, - monitor Contractor and COTCO training programs regarding socioeconomic issues, and - provide advice to COTCO field personnel concerning socioeconomic matters and the interpretation of socioeconomic regulatory requirements Interactions Between Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Orga_ization. COTCO. and Contractor Re_resentatives During the Construction Phase During the construction phase of the Cameroon Transportation System, the contact for administrative supervision and technical inspection organization representatives will be COTCO and not the Contractor. COTCO/Contractor discussions will most often occur prior to and following meetings between administrative supervision and technical inspection organization and COTCO representatives. Environmental-related communications and interactions between the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization regarding environmental matters and COTCO during the construction phase will occur at all levels, from the Field Units to the Central Unit. In general, the head of the Field Unit will coordinate the communications with the corresponding COTCO field supervisor. Similarly, the head of the Central Unit will coordinate communications with the corresponding manager of COTCO's in-country environmental unit. The communications will occur through a variety of methods including written reports and memos, as well as informal and formal meetings. Meetings will include regularly scheduled meetings as well as additional meetings called on an as-needed basis. At the field level, formal meetings between administrative supervision and technical inspection organization members and COTCO representatives will be held as appropriate to discuss scheduling/planning issues and to address current areas of concern as well as emerging environmental issues. In addition, informal contacts will be made by the heads of the Field Units with the corresponding COTCO personnel to alert them to areas of compliance and other areas of concern. Cameroon 4-8

74 At the Central Unit level, formal meetings with be regularly scheduled, but on a less frequent basis. Informal meetings and communications will also occur as necessary. With respect to formal meetings, the head of the Central Unit will meet with his/her COTCO counterpart to evaluate environmental performance based on reports from field monitors, etc., to consider plans for upcoming work and coordination issues, and to resolve any disputes/issues that could not be resolved at the field level Cost of the Republic of Cameroon's Construction Phase Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Rezarding Environmental Matters The major costs associated with the environmental portion of the Republic of Cameroon's construction phase administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will be related to wages/salaries and benefits and other related costs. Other significant costs will include the provision of office space and other expenses associated with running an office (e.g., photocopy machines, computers, telephones, paper). Additional costs would be incurred in association with site visits and facility inspections performed by experts brought in by the administrative supervision and technical inspection organization. All costs mentioned above will be borne by the Republic of Cameroon. Within the scope of the activities related to the inspection of the construction works of the Cameroon Transportation System, COTCO shall bear the cost of accommodation on-site, as well as the transportation from the COTCO offices in Douala or Yaounde to the site of intervention and back, of the officials appointed for the inspection of these works, under conditions which would apply if they were COTCO's employees and within the scope of the transportation of personnel carried out by COTCO for its own needs. 4.4 The Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters: Operations Phase General Structure and Responsibilities During the operations phase, the general structure of the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will remain the same as during the construction phase, including both the Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Comnittee and the Pipeline Inspection Service. The Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee will remain as the coordinating body. Communications between Republic of Cameroon representatives and COTCO will be as during construction (see Section 4.3.5). During the operations phase, two additional activities will be monitored by the administrative supervision and Cameroon 4-9

75 technical inspection organization, namely COTCO's road maintenance activities for one year after the commencement of operations and system easement surveillance. The operations phase administrative supervision and technical inspection organization's system easement surveillance activities will be focused on induced access issues, such as wildlife poaching and illegal timber harvesting, in addition to biophysical issues and human encroachment on the system easement. As issues are identified, appropriate measures will be taken to enforce applicable legislation Cost of the Republic of Cameroon's Operations Phase Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Regarding Environmental Matters Similar to the case during the construction phase, the major operations phase costs associated with the environmental portion of the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization will be related to wages/salaries. Other significant costs will include the leasing of office space and other expenses associated with running an office (e.g., photocopy machines, computers, telephones, paper). These costs will be borne by the Republic of Cameroon. Within the scope of the administrative monitoring and technical inspections to be carried out during the operation/maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System, COTCO shall bear the cost of accommodation on-site as well as of transportation from the COTCO base (pump station or COTCO offices in Douala) which is the closest to the site of intervention to said site and back, of the administration officials with territorial jurisdiction, under conditions which would apply if they were COTCO employees. Within the scope of the activities related to the loading of crude, COTCO shall bear the cost of accommodation at the Marine Terminal, as well as transportation from Douala or Kribi to the Terminal and back for four officials at the most, under conditions which would apply if they were COTCO's employees. 4.5 Institutional Strengthening in the Republic of Cameroon's Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Necessitated by the Project In order to properly execute its administrative supervision and technical inspectionrelated responsibilities associated with the Project, the Republic of Cameroon, either on its own or with technical guidance and financial assistance from the World Bank or other financial institutions or international aid organizations, may have to take steps to strengthen its ability to monitor biophysical, socioeconomic and health impacts Cameroon 4-10

76 associated with the Project. To reach this objective, an assistance program will need to be developed by the Republic of Cameroon. This program would be implemented by the Republic of Cameroon with the support of financial institutions and other international aid organizations Organizational Strengthening The Republic of Cameroon has already created two structures for the administrative supervision and inspection of the Cameroon Transportation System, namely the Pipeline Steering and Monitoring Committee and the Pipeline Inspection Service. It is these two organizations that are the target for organizational strengthening efforts, including the allocation of sufficient numbers of trained personnel Training for Administrative Supervision and Technical Inspection Organization Personnel Regarding Environmental Matters To develop an organization sufficiently able to exercise the tasks outlined in the sections above, job-specific training may be necessary. Much of this training can be satisfactorily accomplished in-country. However, some specific training needs might best be satisfied out of country. Examples of training that might occur outof-country include: * witnessing construction of a major pipeline construction project elsewhere in the world, * attending specialized training courses relating to environmental sciences including biophysical, socioeconomic, or health topics, and e attending seminars, workshops, etc. on topics related to pipeline construction, operation, and maintenance Equipment Needs Examples of the equipment and physical needs of the environmental portion of the Republic of Cameroon's administrative supervision and technical inspection organization are: * the dedicated use of motor vehicles during the construction and operations phases, with several of the vehicles being fully off-road capable; * desk-top and laptop personal computers, with associated printers,. office space in the field work areas during the construction phase and, if necessary, during the operations phase, and * office space for the Central Unit. Cameroon 4-11

77 4.5.4 Technical Assistance The Republic of Cameroon may need technical assistance in the following areas: * identifying opportunities and activities to enhance the knowledge and skill gaps of the administrative supervision and technical inspection organization's staff, and * jointly developing training plans. chapt4cm.doc February 9, :15 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon 4-12

78 Chapter 5 Environmental Management Actions 5.0 Introduction This Chapter sunmmarizes various actions that are planned to address the Project's key potential environmental impacts. Accordingly, this Chapter constitutes the core of the Project's Environmental Management Plan. 5.1 BackgroundlMethod In order to ensure that a comprehensive suite of environmental management actions for the Project are included in this EMP, an evaluation of the Project's health, socioeconomic, and biophysical aspects that are outlined in the Cameroon Environmental Assessment (EA) report was undertaken. As a result of this review, the following set of thirty two biophysical, socioeconomic, and health topics that spans all of the Project's components was defined: -Biophysical Topics (15) - Air Emissions - Sewage/Wastewater Discharges - Hydrotesting - Surface Water and Groundwater Protection - Surface Water and Groundwater Consumption - Loss of Groundwater Recharge Areas - River/Stream Flow Disruption - River/Stream Bed and Bank Disturbances - Soil - Vegetation - Freshwater Fish - Wildlife - Marine Discharges - Surfzone/Seabed Disturbances - Marine Flora and Fauna * Socioeconomic Topics (10) - Migration to the Project Area - Cameroonian Business Opportunities and Revenues - Employment - Education and Training - Housing - Land Use Cameroon 5-1

79 - Sacred and Cultural Sites - Semi-Sedentary and Transhumant Cattle Movements - Fishing Resources - Indigenous Peoples Health Topics (7) - Respiratory Diseases - Sexually Transmitted Diseases - Vector-Bome Diseases - Water-Borne Diseases - Food-Borne Diseases - Occupational Exposures - Accidents/Injuries Numerous documents were consulted to synthesize a collection of appropriate environmental management actions for each of the above-listed biophysical, socioeconomic, and health topics. In addition to World Bank directives that were in force in September, 1997, the following Project-specific documents were utilized in this process: * Cameroon Environmental Assessment Report * Selected Job Specification Coordination Procedures (JSCP) - JSCP 19 Changes in Work / Deviations from Job Specifications - JSCP 22 Project Safety Practices - JSCP 23 Occupational Health, Medical Facilities, and Sanitation - JSCP 27 Training - JSCP 29 Socioeconomic Interactions - JSCP 30 Environmental Management - JSCP 31 Interface Management * Selected General Proiect Specifications (GPS) - GPS-001 Camps and Facilities - GPS-002 Catering Services - GPS-003 Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution (Temporary) - GPS-004 Packaged Sewage Treatment System (Temporary) - GPS-005 Water Wells (Temporary) - GPS-006 Waste Incinerator (Temporary) - GPS-007 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Landfill - GPS-008 Project Safety Requirements - GPS-010 Health Plan - GPS-0l1 Waste Management - GPS-012 Socioeconomic Action Plan - GPS-018 Septic Tank and Effluent Disposal into Drainage Field (Temporary) - GPS-020 Survey Camps and Facilities - GPS-021 Survey Catering Services Cameroon 5-2

80 * Selected Cameroon/Chad Specifications (CCS) - CCS Waste Incinerator - CCS Water Wells - CCS Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution - CCS Packaged Sewage Treatment System - CCS Solid Waste Landfill - CCS Soil Erosion Mitigation - CCS Environmental Impact Mitigation The JSCP, GPS, and CCS documents listed above can be found in Appendix VI. Review of these Project-specific environmental technical documents reveals that a vast array of actions and requirements related to biophysical, socioeconomic, and health matters have been defined for the Project. In certain cases, however, actions and requirements not appearing in these technical documents have been included in the Enviromnental Actions Tables in this Chapter so as to assure that the EMP embodies a full complement of environmental management actions for the Project. 5.2 Presentation of the Project's Environmental Management Actions A tabular format was developed to succinctly present the Project's construction and operations phase environmental management actions currently planned for each key biophysical, socioeconomic, and health topic. The following template is used for the Environmental Actions Tables appearing in this Chapter: Topic POTENTIAL IMPACTS * A summary of identified potential impacts associated with that particular topic. PROJECT DESIGN MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF FEATURES CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Items incorporated into. Actions, in addition to. Measurement activities A summary of Projectthe Project design for Project design features, aimed at: related actions that will the purpose of avoiding to appropriately mitigate - evaluating the be carried out by the or appropriately identified potential effectiveness of the Republic of Cameroon. mitigating the identified impacts. planned key Project potential impacts. design features and mitigation actions, and/or - assuring Project integrity and quality. Carneroon 5-3

81 As stated above, information appearing in this Chapter's Environmental Actions Tables define those actions that are currently planned for the Project. Accountability for the actions appearing in the Tables is as follows:. actions listed in the "Project Design Features", "Mitigation Plans", and "Monitoring Plans" columns are the responsibility of COTCO; and. actions listed in the "Republic of Cameroon Responsibilities" column are the responsibility of the Republic of Cameroon. Successful execution of the EMP requires that the specific actions presented in the Tables are undertaken by the defined responsible party. As the Project progresses through detailed engineering, construction, and into its operations phase, however, changes in its scope are bound to occur. Accordingly, it may be necessary to modify or delete some of the cited actions to properly reflect changes in the Project. Similarly, it may be necessary to add new actions to appropriately address new or unforeseen Project situations as/when they are encountered. In either case, all modifications or augmentations of the Project's environmental management actions will be accomplished by adhering to the Change Management Process outlined in Chapter 3. Additional background information concerning selected health matters of relevance to the Project can be found in Appendix III. 5.3 Explanatory Notes The following explanations/definitions will facilitate the use of the Environmental Actions Tables appearing in this Chapter. Operations Phase: That phase of the Project that entails operating and maintenance activities. COTCO: Cameroon Oil Transportation Company, S.A. = the Cameroonian company that will construct, operate, maintain, and decommission the Cameroon Transportation System whose shareholders are an affiliate of each Consortium member, the Republic of Cameroon, and the Republic of Chad. Transportation System: Comprised of the following elements:. a kilometre (650 mile) long pipeline running from the Central Treating Facility in southern Chad to a marine terminal located just off the Cameroonian Atlantic coast;. Pump Station #1 (located in Chad at the Central Treating Facility);. Pump Stations #2 and #3 (located in Cameroon);. a pressure reducing station located -1 km inland from the Cameroonian Atlantic coast in the vicinity of the marine terminal; Cameroon 5-4

82 . pipeline valve stations located at regular intervals along the pipeline;. a marine terminal consisting of an offshore Floating Storage and Offloading vessel and its fixed mooring unit;. an administrative office located in Douala that contains the Oil Traffic Control Centre; and. ancillary facilities/equipment such as telecommunications systems. Cameroon Transportation System: That portion of the Transportation System (see above) that is located wholly within Cameroon and is owned by COTCO. Land Easement: A corridor corresponding to a strip of land generally 30 metres in width (extendible to 60 metres at river crossings and 50 metres in difficult areas such as those involving access to the sea, slopes, other natural obstacles, and roadlrailroad crossings) and to locations encompassing ancillary facilities and which is allocated to construction, operations, and maintenance activities associated with the Cameroon Transportation System. After construction activities, the portion of the land easement which is not part of the system easement (see below), referred to as "Relinquished Areas" and which are subject to servitudes of utilization for COTCO, will be returned to its former usages. As can be seen in Figure 5.1 (below), the width of the land easement is larmer than the width of the system easement. System Easement: A corridor corresponding to a strip of land metres in width entirely located within the land easement that encompasses the pipeline as well as ancillary facilities of the Cameroon Transportation System. Rights granted to COTCO over the land easement will be retained over the system easement and the land within the system easement will be returned to its former agricultural or other usages provided they are compatible with the operations and maintenance requirements of the Cameroon Transportation System. As can be seen in Figure 5.1 (below), the width of the system easement is smaller than the width of the land easement. Land Easement System Easement Figure 5.1 Land Easement versus System Easement Camneroon 5-5

83 chapt5cm.doc February 8, :00 AM Cameroon Time Cameroon 5-6

84 Biophysical Topic #1 Air Emissions POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Venting of hydrocarbons. * NO,, SO 2, and particulates emissions from power plant engines, pipeline crude oil pump engines, and pipeline crude oil heaters located at Pump Stations #2 and #3. * Emissions from Project waste incinerators. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of emissions control and stack. Incineration of only domestic garbage in camp. At start-up, stack testing of pump station crude. 'Iimely granting of any air emissions height Project specifications for power domestic garbage incinerators during the oil pump engines and heaters, waste permits/licenses required by thc lproject. plant engines, crude oil pump engines, construction phase of the Project. incinerators, and power plant engines to verify. Monitor start-up stack tests of pump crude oil heaters, and waste incinerators. Transport of other construction phase wastes modeled air dispersion of NO,, S02, and station crude oil pump cngines and heaters such that NO., SO 2, and particulates that are amenable to incineration to a Project particulates emissions. and waste incinerators located within emissions from these units are compliant waste incinerator.. During the construction phase of the Project, Cameroon. with World Bank ambient air quality. Preparation and COI'CO review/approval of COTCO surveillance of:. Review, and in case of non-compliance, standards for onshore oil and gas Contractors' construction phase Waste - Contractors' waste management practices and verify data from start-up stack tests of developments. Management Plans. facilities. pump station crude oil pump cngines and Generation of Project specifications for. Preparation of an operations phase Waste heaters and waste incinerators located the FSO vessel's domestic garbage Management Plan, including operating within Cameroon, including results from incinerator such that it is compliant with procedures for Project waste incinerators, updated air dispersion modeling. MARPOL requirements.. Provide administrative supervision and During Project design, air dispersion technical inspection of Project waste modeling of emissions generated by management practices and facilities various units located at Pump Stations #2 located within Cameroon during the and #3 to: development and operations phases of the - verify compliance with World Bank Project. ambient air quality criteria;. Enforce MARPOI. requirements regarding - optimize facility design/unit layouts. domestic garbage incinerators onboard Update of air dispersion models when new marine vessels operating within equipment is added that significantly Cameroonian waters. increases air emissions at Pump Stations #2 and/or #3. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page I

85 Biophysical Topic #2 Sewage/Wastewater Discharges : = :.:... : :-:-....._... POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Construction phase: - treated sewage/gray water discharges from construction camps. * Operations phase: - treated sewage/gray water discharges from personnel quarters and offices located at Pump Stations #2 and #3. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project specifications for. Chlorination of treated effluents for a minimum. Wcekly testing (kit) of treated effluents from. Timely granting of any effluent discharge packaged sewage/gray water treatment of 30 minutes prior to discharge to achieve a packaged sewage/gray water treatment systems. permits/licenses required by the l'roject. units such that effluents from these units residual chlorine content of 2-5 mg/l.. During the construction phase of the Project,. At their discretion, inspect scwagc/gray are compliant with World Bank liquid. Discharge of treated effluents to: CO'I'CO surveillance of: watcr treatmcnt systems: effluent quality standards for onshore oil - perennial surface water bodies provided at - Contractors' sewage/gray water treatment - at construction camps located in and gas developments. least a 100:1 dilution of the effluent is practices and equipment. Cameroon during the construction phase Generation of Project specifications for attainable; or of the Project; septic tank/weeping tile systems. - surface absorption/evaporation systems (e.g., - at permanent Project facilities located in ponds, sprinklers) provided soil erosion does Cameroon during the operations phase not occur; or of the Project. - subsurface absorption systems.. Preparation and COTCO review/approval of Contractors' construction phase Waste Management Plans.. Preparation of an operations phase Waste Management Plan. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 2

86 Biophysical Topic #3 Hydrotesting POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Consumption of water resources. * Contaminants in discharged hydrotest water. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES Generation of Project specirications for pipeline hydrotesting practices. MITIGATION PLANS MONIT'ORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON i _ R ESPO N SIBILITIES Preferential tuse of surface water when pressure. Testing (kit) of hydrotest water from onshore. Witness pressure tests of the Caneroon testing portions of the Cameroon Transportation pipeline pressure tests prior to surface discharge. Transportation System's pipeline. System. If surface water use is not possible, one. During the construction phase of the Project,. Witness the discharge of pipeline or more groundwater wells will be used to COTCO surveillance of: hydrotest water. provide the required hydrotest water. Refer to - Contractors' pipeline hydrotesting Biophysical Topic #5(Surface Water and activities/practices. Groundwater Consumption) for details regarding the use of groundwater wells.. Internal cleaning of portions of the Cameroon Transportation System undergoing pressure testing using pigs/scrapers prior to hydrotesting.. Preferential discharge of hydrotest water from onshore pipeline pressure tests onto land surfaces versus directly into watercourses.. Discharge of hydrotest water from onshore pipeline pressure tests in a manner that limits soil erosioh, stream/river bottom scour, and the suspension of sediments.. Use of biodegradable, non-toxic corrosion inhibitors to treat seawater employed for pressure testing the marine portion of the Cameroon Transportation System. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 3

87 Biophysical Topic #4 Surface Water and Groundwater Protection POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Potential impacts of the Project on groundwater and surface water quality due to: - construction and operation of the Cameroon Transportation System; - management of Project wastes; - location and operation of the Project's engineered waste landfills, including their designated hazardou solid waste cells; - storage of dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials; - small spills of fuels, chemicals, lubricants, etc. during the development and operations phases of the Project; -oil spills during the operations phase of the Project. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. Disposal of only non-leachable, non-hazardous. Institution of groundwater monitoring programs. Timely granting of any waste specifications for: solid wastes (i.e., tires, some plastics, metal, (i.e., chemical composition [quality] plus level) management-related permits/licenses - design and construction of engineered glass, concrete, insulation) in camp domestic around Project engineered waste landfills. required by the Project. solid waste landfills; garbage dumps during the construction phase of. Monitoring of internal corrosion of the. Provide administrative supervision and - design and construction of cells for the Project. Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline via technical inspection of lproject waslc solid hazardous wastes within the. Where/when appropriate, land treatment or corrosion coupons. management practices and facilities engineered solid waste landfills; composting of biodegradable waste materials.. Monitoring of the operation and integrity of the located within Cameroon during the - design and installation of the Cameroon. Transport of other construction phase and 'I'ransportation System via a Surveillance development and operations phases of the Transportation System; operations phase Project solid wastes that are Control and Data Acquisition System located in Project. - design and selection/construction of amenable to landfilling to a Project engineered the Oil 'I'raffic Control Centre in Douala that. At their discretion, participate in the hazardous/dangerous/toxic materials waste landfill. features: regular fly-overs of the system easement. storage areas/units;. Preparation and COTCO review/approval of - pressure, temperature, density, and volumetric. Review the Project Oil Spill Response - design and construction of crude oil Contractors' construction phase Waste sensors at the pump stations and the pressure Plan. storage tanks and tankfarms. Management Plans. reducing station;. Participate in periodic reviews of the Specific Project Design Features. Preparation of an operations phase Waste - pressure and temperature sensors at selected Project Oil Spill Response Plan. pertaining to these activities/facilities are Management Plan, including operating valve stations;. At their discretion, participatc in oil spill presented in the items below. procedures for Project engineered waste - a computerized leak detection system. response training exercises and drills. Burial of the onshore portion of the landfills.. Visual monitoring of the system easement via. Provide administrative supervision and Cameroon Transportation System's. Appropriate and expeditious response to oil regular fly-overs and periodic foot patrols. technical inspection of: pipeline to safeguard against third party spills and leaks/spills of. Periodic reviews of the Project's operations - the construction and operation of the damage. dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials (e.g., phase Oil Spill Response Plan. Cameroon Transportation System. External coating and cathodic protection chemicals, fuels, certain wastes). of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline. continued... continued... continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 4

88 Biophysical Topic #4 Surface Water and Groundwater Protection (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Placement of appropriate block. Preparation and COTCO review/approval of. During the construction phase of the Project,. Inspect construction camp domestic valve/check valve combinations on the Contractors' construction phase Spill Response COTCO surveillance of: garbage dumps, Project enginecred solid Cameroon Transportation System's Plans. - Contractors' pipeline installation activities; waste landfills, and pipeline in the vicinities of major river. Preparation of a comprehensive operations - Contractors' engineered Project solid waste dangerous/hazardous/toxic material crossings. phase Project Oil Spill Response Plan that landfill construction activities; storage areas. Placement of Emergency Shutdown features: - Contractors' waste management practices and. Review, and in case of non-compliance, Devices at the Cameroon Transportation - a three-tiered response strategy (i.e., local, facilities. verify data from groundwater monitoring System's key valve stations, Pump regional, international) regarding the programs associated with l'roject Stations #2 and #3, and the pressure sourcing of equipment and personnel; engineered solid waste landfills. reducing station. - stationing of appropriate oil spill response. Approve the welding operating modes Provision of the Project's engineered solid and clean-up equipment at strategic locations used during the construction of the waste landfills with the following features: along the Transportation System; Cameroon T ransportation System and - a compacted clay finer; - response strategies for the most credible spill verify their control. - a leachate collection system; scenarios; - groundwater monitoring wells; and - spill-related environmental sensitivity - for solid hazardous waste cells within a mapping; landfill, an additional (synthetic) liner - oil spill clean-up-related waste management and a leachate monitoring system. procedures; Storage of fuels, solvents, chemicals, - regularly scheduled training exercises/drills. hazardous wastes, and other. At those locations where construction/upgrading dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials in and/or maintenance of Project facilities could bermed areas underlain with a liner or in cause increased peak stormwater flows in small, some other area/facility equipped to unnamed tributaries and drainages: contain leaks/spills and prevent the implementation of appropriate drainage contamination of the control measures (e.g., conveyance of underlying/surrounding soil. stormwater flows through man-made erosion- * Location of crude oil storage tanks within resistant channeis, construction of temporary bermed tank farms. stormwater retention, detention, or * Provision of large volume crude oil sedimentation basins); and storage tanks with: - implementation of appropriate erosion and - internal and external protective sediment loading/control measures (e.g., coatings; mulching, seeding, trench plugs, sand bags, - a cathodic protection system; and geotextiles, hay bales, rip-rap, vertical slit - a leak detection system. fences draped with filter cloth). Generation of Project specifications for erosion and sediment control/mitigation. _ Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 5

89 Biophysical Topic #5 Surface Water and Groundwater Consumption POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Potential adverse impacts of Project surface and groundwater consumption on the water supplies of local inhabitants/communities. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Location of Project groundwater source. Limiting of Project surface water withdrawals to. Surveying of local surface water and. Where and when necessary, assist in wells so as to avoid advcrscly affecting no more than 10% of a surface water body's groundwater usage practices prior to facilitating meetings between corco existing individual/community wells. flow/volume. commencing Project-related surface water or representatives and local Generation of Project specifications for. Placement of water intake hoses in surface water groundwater withdrawals, individuals/communities to discuss water groundwater source wells and the bodie so as to avoid known fish spawning. Monitoring of the status of local wateresources resource-related matters. withdrawal of water from surface water locations. via regular consultations with local bodies.. Provision of appropriately sized screens on individuals/communities after Project.Conformance of installed Project intake hoses placed in surface water bodies to groundwater source wells have been installed. groundwater source wells to AWWA prevent the entrainment of fish.. During the construction phase of the Project, AI00 standards.. Whenever and wherever practical, turning over COI'CO surveillance of:.where possible, completion of Project of Project groundwater source wells that are no - surface water and groundwater withdrawal groundwater source wells at depths greater longer needed to local inhabitants/communities. and use practices of Contractors, particularly than those of existing. Provision of an alternate water supply to local during the dry season and periods of heavy individual/community wells. inhabitants/communities if Project groundwater water use (i.e., impacts on aquifer level). consumption is found to have had an adverse impact on their normal water sources. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 6

90 Biophysical Topic #6 Loss of Groundwater Recharge Areas : POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Loss of groundwaterecharge areas due to: - consumption of land by Project roads, other infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and l3, the pressure reducing station, valve stations, and the system easement; - soil compaction due to Project construction activities; - potential loss of wetlands areas; - removal of vegetation. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project specifications. Land reclamation on construction- and. During the construction phase of the Project,. During the construction phase of thc regarding: maintenance-disturbed lands featuring topsoil COTCO surveillance of: Project: - general construction practices; removal/storage/rcplacement facilitate the - Contractor construction activities; - monitor construction activitics; - facility site selection; establishment of appropriate vegetation or - Contractor land reclamation activities and - inspect land reclamation activities and - widths for the Cameroon Transportation utilization of one or more alternate techniques practices. practices at Project work sites. System land and system easements; and (e.g., scarification, surface texturing, mulching, - land reclamation. fertilizing, seeding, seedling planting) to control Location of Project roads, other soil erosion and facilitate the establishment of infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, appropriate vegetation. valve stations, the pressure reducing station, and the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline in a manner that: - balances Project costs with biophysical and socioeconomic issues/considerations; - satisfies the hydraulics requirements of the Transportation System; - limits passage through wetland areas; and - preferentially utilizes lands already impacted by human activities. continued. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 7

91 Biophysical Topic #6 Loss of Groundwater Recharge Areas (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES During construction, restriction of the width of the Cameroon Transportation System land easement to: - 60 m at river crossings; - 50 m at road/railroad crossings, areas with sloping terrains, and areas where natural obstacles exist; - 30 m, except in difficult areas. * Limitation of the use of additional land for construction camps, staging areas, etc. * During operations, restriction of the width of the system easement to m. * Sizing of Project roads, storage yards, pump stations, etc. to limit physical land usage. * Limited construction of new Project roads - i.e., preferential utilization of existing, upgradable roads for Project purposes. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 8

92 Biophysical Topic #7 River/Stream Flow l)isruptioni POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Temporary watercourse flow disruption due to the construction/upgrading/maintenance of Project roads/bridges and the installation and maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline that potentially: - significantly reduces downstream flow; - creates an upstream area of still water (i.e., a reservoir); - creates habitat for disease-bearing insects; - creates a barrier to the passage of fish and/or other aquatic organisms. * Potential permanent watercourse flow disruption caused by Project roads/bridges that: - significantly reduces downstream flow; - watercourse bottom scour; - creates an upstream area of still water (i.e., a reservoir); - creates habitat for disease-bearing insects; - creates a barrier to the passage of fish and/or other aquatic organisms; - adversely alters or reduces habitat for fish and other aquatic organisms. * Increased peak flows and sediment loads in small unnamed tributaries or drainages in the immediate vicinity of cleared areas. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONIT'ORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSI Bl I,TIES (Generation of Project specifications for. Planning and execution of Project. Periodic visual assessments of flow. During the construction phase of the road/bridgelpipeline road/bridge/pipeline construction/upgrading and effectiveness at watercourse crossings involving P'roject: construction/upgrading practices at maintenance activities at watercourse crossings Project roads/bridges and the Cameroon - provide administrative supervision and watercourse crossings to limit water flow- to: T1ransportation System's pipeline, particularly at technical inspection for the activities related impacts. - occur during the dry season; and/or the height of the rainy season. associated with the Based on learnings from pre-construction - limit the time that equipment is physically. Periodic visual assessments of the system construction/upgrading of Projcct surveys, preferential selection of working within a watercourse. easement at watercourse crossings to assure that roads/bridges and the installation of the watercourse crossing-locations where If Project road/bridge/pipeline the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline Cameroon Transportation System's adverse flow disruption situations are not construction/upgrading and maintenance remains buried in the stream/river bottom. pipeline at watercourse crossings. likely to occur. activities at watercourse crossings is necessary. During the construction phase of the Project, Incorporation of site-specific watercourse during the rainy season, the time that equipment COTCO surveillance of: crossing information obtained via pre- is physically working within a watercourse will - Contractor construction activities at construction surveys into Cameroon be limited. watercourse crossings. Transportation System alignment sheets. continued... I continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 9

93 Biophysical Topic #7 River/Stream Flow Disruption (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON. R ESPO N S IB IL IT IES Limited construction of new P roject. Use of appropriate measures (e.g., culverts, roads/bridges - i.e., preferential utilization ditches) where/when necessary to limit of existing, upgradable roads/bridges for temporary flow disruption at watercourse Project purposes. crossings during road/bridge/pipeline L imitation of the size of new Project construction/upgrading and maintenance road/bridge watercourse crossings as well activities and as those for the Cameroon Transportation - maintain laminar water flow; and System's pipeline. - avoid the creation of still water areas. Orientation of new Project road/bridge. At those locations where construction/upgrading watercourse crossings as well as those for and/or maintenance of Project facilities could the Cameroon Transportation System's cause increased peak rainwatcr flows in small, pipeline to be nearly perpendicular to the unnamed tributaries and drainages: axis of the watercourse channel. - implementation of appropriate drainage * Provision of new and upgraded Projcct control measures (e.g., conveyance of roads and bridges with appropriately sized stormwater flows through man-maderosionculverts and/or other devices at resistant channels, construction of temporary watercourse crossings to adequately stormwater retention, detention, or convey stream/river flow. sedimentation basins); and C Generation of Project specifications for - implementation of appropriaterosion and erosion and sediment control/mitigation. sediment loading/control measures (e.g., * Assess watercourse scour potential in mulching, seeding, trench plugs, sand bags, support of pipeline design efforts. geotextiles, hay bales, rip-rap, vertical slit fences draped with filter cloth). Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 10

94 Biophysical Topic #8 River/Stream Bed and Bank Disturbances I POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Physical disturbances of watercourse beds and banks due to the construction/upgrading/maintenance of Project roads/bridges and the installation and maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline that could adversely impact water potability and/or aquatic organisms (especially fish) via: - disruption/alteration of the bottom of a watercourse; significant increases in watercourse turbidity; - adverse alteration or reduction of habitat. * Watercourse bank erosion due to the construction/upgrading/maintenance of Project roads/bridges and the installation and maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project specifications for. Planning and execution of Project. Turbidity monitoring (kit) where significant,. During the construction phase ort hc road/bridge/pipeline road/bridge/pipeline construction/upgrading and recognizable incremental increases in Project: construction/upgrading practices at maintenance activities at watercourse crossings watercourse turbidity are caused by - provide administrative supervision and watercourse crossings to limit river/stream to: construction/maintenance activities involving technical inspection for the activitics bed- and bank-related impacts, including - occur during the dry season; and/or Project roads/bridges and the Cameroon associated with the specifications for: - limit the time that equipment is physically Transportation System's pipeline. construction/upgrading of Project - widths of the Cameroon Transportation working within a watercourse.. Periodic visual assessments of Project roads/bridges and the installation of the System land and system easements; If Project road/bridge/pipeline road/bridge/pipeline watercourse crossings Cameroon Transportation System's - erosion and sediment loading construction/upgrading and maintenance regarding the effectiveness of implemented pipeline at watercourse crossings. control/mitigation; and activities at watercourse crossings is necessary sediment loading and erosion control measures. - land reclamation. during the rainy season, the time that equipment. During the construction phase of the Project, Based on learnings from pre-construction is physically working within a watercourse will corco surveillance of: surveys, preferential selection of be limited. - Contractor construction activities at watercourse crossing locations to be. Limitation of rock blasting within watercourse watercourse crossings; where unstable watercourse bed/bank channels during Project road/bridge/pipeline - Contractor sediment loading and erosion situations are not likely to occur. construction/upgrading and maintenance control activities at or near watercourse Incorporation of site-specific watercourse activities. crossings. crossing information obtained via preconstruction surveys into Cameroon Transportation System alignment sheets. continued... continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page II

95 Biophysical Topic #8 River/Stream Bed and Bank Disturbances (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES Limitation of the size of new Project road/bridge watercourse crossings as well as those for the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline. Orientation of new Project road/bridge watercourse crossings as well as those for the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline to be nearly perpendicular to the axis of the watercourse channel. MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS. Implementation of appropriate erosion control and sediment loading control measures (e.g., mulching, seeding, trench pligs, sand bags, geotextiles, hay bales, rip-rap, vertical slit fences draped with filter cloth) at watercourse crossings where/whcn required when constructing/upgrading/maintaining Project roads/bridges and the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline.. Stream/river fording restrictions for Project vehicles and construction/maintenance equipment. REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 12

96 Biophysical Topic :9.. Soil POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Reduced fertility or physical loss of soil due to: - consumption of land by Project roads, other infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, valve stations, the pressure reducing station, and the system easement; - removal/loss of soil associated with Project site preparation activities; - erosion; - removal of vegetation associated with Project site preparation activities. * Soil contamination due to oil spills and small leaks/spills of dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials (e.g., chemicals, fuels, certain wastes). PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Location of Project roads, other. Performance of land clearing activities in a. Periodic on-the-ground visual assessments of. Inspect dangerous/hazardous/toxic infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, manner that limits topsoil disturbances (e.g., implemented soil erosion control and land material storage areas during the valve stations, the pressure reducing keeping the blade of a bulldo7er just above reclamation measures at Project work sites. development and operations phases of the station, and the Cameroon Transportation ground level when clearing vegetation from the. Regular fly-overs of the system easemento Project. System's pipeline in a manner that: land easement). visually assess implemented soil erosion control. During the construction phase of the - balances Project costs with biophysical. Land reclamation on construction- and and land reclamation measures. Project: and socioeconomic maintenance-disturbed lands featuring topsoil. During the construction phase of the Project, - provide administrativc supcrvision and issues/considerations; removal/storage/replacement facilitate the COTCO surveillance of: technical inspection of construction - satisfies the hydraulics requirements of establishment of appropriate vegetation or - Contractor construction activities; activities, including topsoil removal and the Transportation System; and utilization of one or more alternate techniques - Contractor topsoil removal and stockpiling stockpiling practices and soil erosion - preferentially utilizes lands already (e.g., scarification, surface texturing, mulching, practices; control measures; impacted by human activities. fertilizing, seeding, seedling planting) to control - Contractor soil erosion control and land - monitor land reclamation activities and Generation of Project specifications for soil erosion and facilitate the establishment of reclamation activities and practices. practices at Project work sites. road/bridge/pipeline appropriate vegetation.. During the operations phase of the construction/upgrading practices to limit. (Temporary) storage of removed topsoil at Project: soil-related impacts, including appropriate sites in a manner that maintains its - assess the effectiveness of implemented specifications for: fertility (i.e., storage of removed topsoil for < 6 soil erosion control and land - widths of the Cameroon Transportation months, protection of topsoil stockpiles from reclamation measures at Project work System land and system easements; surface drainage). sites. - land clearing;. Implementation of appropriate temporary or - erosion control/mitigation; and permanent soil erosion control measures (e.g., - land reclamation, mulching, seeding, trench plugs, sand bags, geotextiles, hay bales, rip-rap) where/when required. continued... continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 13

97 Biophysical Topic #9 Soil (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON Incorporation of site-speciric soil-related. Appropriatc and expeditious response to oil information obtained via pre-construction spills and small leaks/spills of surveys into Cameroon Transportation dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials (e.g., System alignment sheets. chemicals, fuels, certain wastes)..limited construction of new Project roads - i.e., preferential utilization of existing, upgradable roads for Project purposes. * During construction, restriction of the width of the Cameroon Transportation System land easement to: - 60 m at river crossings; - 50 m at road/railroad crossings, areas with sloping terrains, and areas where natural obstacles exist; - 30 m, except in difficult areas. * Limitation of the use of additional land for construction camps, staging areas, etc. * During operations, restriction of the width of the system easement to m. * At the exits to Pump Stations #2 and #3, burial of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline to a greater than normal depth (i.e., 1.3 m versus 1.0 m nominally) to safeguard soil structure and soil microfauna/microflora from undesirable thermal effects. Sizing of Project roads, storage yards, pump stations, etc. to limit physical land usage and the concomitant need for soil disturbance/removal. continued _ RESPONSIBILITIES Cameroon Chapter 5 Tablc - Biophysical Topics Page 14

98 Biophysical Topic #9 Soil (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON.. RESPONSI BILITIES Storage of fuels, solvents, chemicals, hazardous wastes, and other dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials in bermed areas underlain with a liner or in some other area/facility equipped to contain leaks/spills and prevent the contamination of the underlying/surrounding soil. Location of crude oil storage tanks within bermed tank farms. Provision of large volume crude oil storage tanks with: - internal and external protective coatings; - a cathodic protection system; and - a leak detection system. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 15

99 Biophysical Topic #10 Vegetation POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Temporary or permanent loss of vegetation due to: - consumption of land by Project roads, other infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, valve stations, the pressure reducing station, and the system easement; - vegetation removal associated with Project site preparation activities; - removal of topsoil associated with Project site preparation activities; - soil erosion. * Increased/unauthorized/unlawful timber and/or other vegetation harvesting along the system easement due to induced access. * Introduction of noxious weeds into the Mbdre River Rift valley via equipment constructing the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project spccifications for. Performance of Project land clearing activities. Periodic on-the-ground visual assessments of. Enforce timber harvesting regulations and road/bridge/pipeline in a manner that: implemented soil erosion control, land quotas in the Project area and deter the construction/upgrading practices to limit - limits topsoil and root disturbances (e.g., reclamation, and land access inhibition measures unauthorized harvesting of timber and/or vegetation-related impacts, including keeping the blade of a bulldozer just above at Project-work sites. other vegetation. specifications for: ground level when clearing vegetation from. Regular fly-overs of the system easement to:. Work with corco to devise the Access - widths of the Cameroon Transportation the land easement); - visually assess implemented soil erosion Management Plan for thc Cameroon System land and system easements; - leaves large trees in place to provide shade, control and land reclamation measures; Transportation System land/system - land clearing; seed, and root stock for natural revegetation. - assess the effectiveness of implemented easement. - erosion control/mitigation; and. Land reclamation construction- and access inhibition measures.. Work with COTCO to implement the - land reclamation. maintenance-disturbed lands featuring topsoil. Periodic reviews of the Access Management Access Managemcnt Plan for the removal/storage/replacement facilitate the Plan for the Cameroon 'I'ransportation System Cameroon Transportation System establishment of appropriate vegetation or land/system easement, including assessments of land/system easement, especially utilization of one or more alternate techniques the effectiveness of implemented induced access regarding the control of induced impacts. (e.g., scarification, surface texturing, mulching, inhibition measures.. Participate in periodic reviews of the fertilizing, seeding, seedling planting) to control. Implementation of a compliance monitoring Access Management Plan for the soil erosion and facilitate the establishment of system regarding the Project's policy dealing Cameroon Transportation System appropriate vegetation. with the gathering/harvesting of land/systcm casement. During the construction phase of the Project, valued/medicinal plants and trees by workers.. At their discretion, participate in the establishment and maintenance of buffer zones regular fly-overs of the system easement. around identified particularly sensitive areas to limit Project impacts on these areas and the vegetation communities they support. continued... continued... continued... continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 16

100 Biophysical Topic #10 Vegetat'ion (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Location of Project roads, other. In identified particularly sensitive areas (e.g., D l)uring the construction phasc of the Project,. During the construction phase of the infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, the Mbere River Rift vallcy), preferential usc of COTCO surveillance of: Project: valve stations, the pressure reducing the Cameroon Transportation System land - Contractor construction activities; - provide administrative supervision and station, and the Cameroon Transportation eascment and/or existing roadways to access - Contractor soil erosion control and land tcchnical inspection of construction System's pipeline in a manner that: Project work sites versus constructing new, reclamation activitics and practices; activities, including land clearing and - balances Project costs with biophysical temporary access roads. - established buffer zones to assure that Project- vegetation removal activitics/practices and socioeconomic. Preparation of an Access Management Plan for related encroachment on identified and the implementation of soil crosion issues/considerations; the Cameroon Transportation System environmentally sensitive areas is avoided. control measures; - satisfies the hydraulics requirements of land/system easement to address potential - monitor land reclamation the Transportation System; vegetation-related induced access impacts. activities/practices at Project work sitcs. - preferentially utilizes lands already. Active control of access to identified. During the operations phasc of the impacted by human activities; and particularly sensitive arcas (e.g., the Mb&re Project: - endeavours to limit entry into those River Rift valley) during the construction phase - assess the effectiveness of implemented areas where rare/endangered vegetative of the Project by employing one or more of the soil erosion control and land communities are known to exist. following measures: reclamation measures at Project work Incorporation of site-specific vegetation- - vehicle barriers and/or guards on work site sites. related information obtained via pre- access roads and where the Cameroon construction surveys into Cameroon Transportation System's land easement Transportation System alignment sheets. intersects existing roads; Re-establishment of existing natural - reinstatement of natural barriers along the vehicular access barriers and the creation Cameroon Transportation System's of additional barriers as appropriate at key land/system casement (e.g., removal of locations along the system easement, temporary bridges required during especially in the vicinity of identified construction); particularly sensitive areas (e.g., the - establishment of new, artificial barriers (e.g., Mberd River Rift valley). rock/rubble mounds, fences). During construction, restriction of the. Clcaning of construction equipment prior to its width of the Cameroon Transportation entering into the Mberd River Rift valley from System land easement to: the south to prevent the introduction of noxious - 60 m at river crossings; wecds. - S0 m at road/railroad crossings, areas. Location of construction camps outside of with sloping terrains, and areas where identified particularly sensitive areas (e.g., the natural obstacles exist; Mbere River Rift valley) m, except in difficult areas. continued continuied Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 17

101 Biophysical Topic #10 Vegetation (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Limitation of the use of additional land for. Consultation with timber concessionaires, construction camps, staging areas, etc. whose existing concessions are intersected by * During operations, restriction of the the Cameroon Transportation System's land width of the system easement to m. easement, regarding Project schedule and plans * Limited construction of new Project roads so that the timber concessionaires can recover - i.e., preferential utilization of existing, the type(s) of timber covered by their upgradable roads for Project purposes. concessions. * Sizing of Project roads, storage yards,. Stockpiling of non-economically recoverable pump stations, etc. to limit physical land felled timber from the Cameroon Transportation usage and the concomitant need for land System's land easement to allow for its use by clearing and/or vegetation removal. local inhabitants. 'rhe stockpiles will be placed along the sides of the land easement. Prohibition of Project workers from gathering/harvesting medicinal or valued plants and trees: - when on Project work sites; - during work hours; or - while residing in Project field work site housing. Provision of environmental sensitivity training (including Project expectations regarding the gathering/harvesting of medicinal/valued plants and trees and the associated personal consequences [ie., disciplinary action]) to all workers. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 18

102 Biophysical Topic #11 Freshwater Fish POTENTIAL IMPACTS Impacts on freshwater fish due to: - construction/upgrading/maintenance of Project roads/bridges and the installation and maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline resulting in or potentially resulting in: + temporary or permanent watercourse flow disruption; + temporary or permanent disruption/alteration of the bottom of a watercourse, especially in fish spawning areas; + significant increases in watercourse turbidity; + adverse alteration or reduction of habitat; + disruption during fish spawning periods. - oil spills and small leaks/spills of dangerous/hazardous/toxic materials (e.g., chemicals, fuels, certain wastes). PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project specifications for. Planning and execution of Project. Regular fly-overs of the system easement to. Enforce freshwatcr fishing regulations in road/bridge/pipeline road/bridge/pipeline construction/upgrading and visually assess implemented turbidity loading the Project area. construction/upgrading practices at maintenance activities at watercourse crossings and soil erosion control measures at watercourse. At their discretion, participate in the watercourse crossings to limit water flow- to: crossings. regular fly-overs of the system easement. and bed/bank disturbances-related - avoid known fish spawning periods; and/or. Periodic visual assessments of flow. Review the Project Oil Spill Response impacts. - limit the time that equipment is physically effectiveness at watercourse crossings involving Plan. * Incorporation of site-specific watercourse working within a watercourse. Project roads/bridges and the Cameroon. Participate in periodic reviews of the crossing information obtained via pre- If Project road/bridge/pipeline 'I'ransportation System's pipeline, particularly at Project Oil Spill Response Pl'an. construction surveys into Cameroon construction/upgrading and maintenancc the height of the rainy season.. At their discretion, participate in oil spill Transportation System alignment sheets. activities at watercourse crossings is necessary. Periodic on-the-ground visual assessments of response training exercises and drills. * Limited construction of new Project roads during the rainy season, the time that equipment Project road/bridge/pipeline watercourse. During the construction phase of the - i.e., preferential utilization of existing, is physically working within a watercourse will crossings regarding the effectiveness of Project: upgradable roads for Project purposes. be limited. implemented sediment loading and erosion - monitor the construction/upgrading of * Based on pre-construction surveys,. Use of appropriate measures (e.g., culverts, control measures. Projcct roads/bridges and the preferential selection of watercourse ditches) where/when necessary to limit. Periodic reviews of the Project's operations installation of the Cameroon crossing locations to avoid known fish temporary flow disruption at watercourse phase Oil Spill Response Plan. 'I'ransportation System's pipeline at spawning areas. crossings during road/bridge/pipeline. Implementation of a compliance monitoring watercourse crossings. construction/upgrading and maintenance system regarding the Project's fishing policy for activities. workers. continued... continued... continued. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 19

103 Biophysical Topic #II Freshwater Fish (continued) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.... PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON R ESPO N SI BILITIES Limitation of the size of Project new. Limitation of rock blasting within watercourse.' During the construction phase of the Project, road/bridge watercourse crossings as well channels during Project road/bridge/pipeline COTCO surveillance of: as those for the Cameroon Transportation construction/upgrading/maintenance activities. - Contractor construction activities at System's pipeline.. Implementation of appropriate erosion control watercourse crossings; * Orientation of new Project road/bridge and sedimentation loading control measures - Contractor sediment loading and erosion watercourse crossings as well as those for (e.g., mulching, seeding, trench plugs, sand control activities at watercourse crossings. the Cameroon Transportation System's bags, geotextiles, hay bales, rip-rap, vertical slit pipeline to be nearly perpendicular to the fences draped with filter cloth) at watercourse axis of the watercourse channel. crossings where/when required when * Provision of new and upgraded Project constructing/upgrading/maintaining Project roads and bridges with appropriately sized roads/bridges and the Cameroon 'I'ransportation culverts and/or other devices at System's pipeline. watercourse crossings to adequately. Stream/river fording restrictions for Project convey stream/river flow and allow for the vehicles and construction/maintenance passage of fish and other aquatic equipment. organisms.. Preparation and corco review/approval of Contractors' construction phase Spill Response Plans.. Preparation of a comprehensive operations phase Project Oil Spill Response Plan that features: - a three-tiered response strategy (i.e., local, regional, international) regarding the sourcing of equipment and personnel; - stationing of appropriate oil spill response and clean-up equipment at strategic locations along the Transportation System; - response strategies for the most credible spill scenarios; - spill-related environmental sensitivity mapping (including freshwater fish data); - regularly scheduled training exercises/drills. continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 20

104 Biophysical Topic #11 Freshwater Fish (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON - R ESPO N SIBILITIES I Prohibition of Project workers from fishing: - when on Project work sites; - during work hours; or - while residing in Project field work site housing. * Provision of environmental sensitivity training (including Project expectations regarding fishing and the associated personal consequences [i.e., disciplinary action]) to all workers. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 21

105 I Biophysical Topic #12, Wildlife, 1.l POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Temporary or permanent loss of wildlife due to: - consumption of land (i.e., loss of habitat) by Project roads, other infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, valve stations, the pressure reducing station, and the system easement; - vegetation removal associated with Project site preparation activities; - habitat fragmentation due to Project-related land clearing and land consumption. * Increased/unauthorized hunting/poaching along the system easement due to induced access. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project specifications for. During the construction phase of the Project,. Periodic on-the-ground visual assessments of. Enforce hunting and wildlife antiroad/bridge/pipeline establishment and maintenance of buffer zones implemented land reclamation and land access poaching regulations in the Project area. construction/upgrading practices to limit around identified particularly sensitive areas to inhibition measures at Project-work sites.. Work with Como to devise the Access wildlife-related impacts, including limit Project-related impacts on these areas and. Regular fly-overs of the system easement to: Management Plan for the Cameroon speciflcations for: the wildlife communitics they support. - visually assess implemented land reclamation Transportation System land/system - widths of the Cameroon TIransportation. Performance of Project land clearing activities measures; easement. System land and system easements; in a manner that: - assess the effectiveness of implemented. Work with COTCO to implement the - land clearing; - limits topsoil and root disturbances (e.g., access inhibition measures. Access Management Plan for the - land reclamation; and keeping the blade of a bulldozer just above. Periodic reviews of the Access Management Cameroon 'Iransportation System - Project-related vehicular traffic. ground level when clearing vegetation from Plan for the Cameroon Transportation System land/system easement, especially Location of Project roads, other the land easement); land/system easement, including assessments of regarding the control of induced impacts. infrastructure, Pump Stations #2 and #3, - leaves large trees in place to provide shade, the effectiveness of implemented induced access. Participate in periodic reviews of the valve stations, the pressure reducing seed, and root stock for natural revegetation. inhibition measures. Access Management Plan for the station, and the Cameroon rransportation. In identified particularly sensitive areas (e.g.,. Implementation of a compliance monitoring Cameroon Transportation System System's pipeline in a manner that: the Mbere River Rift valley), preferential use of system regarding the Project's hunting policy land/system easement. - balances Project costs with biophysical the Cameroon Transportation System land for workers.. At their discretion, participate in the and socioeconomic easement and/or existing roadways to access regular fly-overs of the system easement. issues/considerations; Project work sites versus constructing new,. During the construction phase of the - satisfies the hydraulics requirements of temporary access roads. Project: the Transportation System;. Preparation of an Access Management Plan for - monitor construction activities, - preferentially utilizes lands already the Cameroon Transportation System. including land clearing and vegetation impacted by human activities; and land/system easement to address potential removal at lproject work sites; - endeavours to limit entry into those wildlife-related induced access impacts. - inspect land reclamation areas where rare/endangered wildlife activities/practices at Project work sites. species/communities are known to exist. continued continued... continued... continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 22

106 Biophysical Topic f12 Wildlilfe (continued)il PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON.RESPONSIBILIT'IES Incorporation of site-specific wildlife-. Active control of access to identified During the construction phasc of the l'roject,. During the operations phase ol the related information obtained via pre- particularly sensitive areas (e.g., the Mberd COTI-CO surveillance of: Project: construction surveys into Cameroon River Rift valley) during the construction phase - Contractor construction activities; - assess the effectiveness of implemenited Transportation System alignment sheets. of the Project by employing one or more of the - Contractor land reclamation activities and land rcclamation measures at Plroject Re-establishment of existing natural following measures: practices; work sites. vehicular access barriers and the creation - vehicle barriers and/or guards on work site - established buffer zones to assure that Projectof additional barriers as appropriate at key access roads and where the Cameroon related encroachment on identified locations along the system easement, Transportation System's land easement environmentally sensitive areas is avoided. especially in the vicinity of identified intersects existing roads; particularly sensitive areas (e.g., the - reinstatement of natural barriers along the Mbere River Rift valley). Cameroon Transportation System's During construction, restriction of the land/system easement (e.g., removal of width of the Cameroon Transportation temporary bridges required during System land easement to: construction); - 60 m at river crossings; - establishment of new, artificial barriers (e.g., - 50 m at road/railroad crossings, areas rock/rubble mounds, fences). with sloping terrains, and areas where. Location of construction camps outside of natural obstacles exist; identified particularly sensitive areas (e.g., the - 30 m, except in difficult areas. Mbere River Rift valley). *Limitation of the use of additional land for. In identified particularly sensitive areas during construction camps, staging areas, etc. the construction phase of the Project: *During operations, restriction of the width - strict COTCO enforcement of lproject of the system easement to m. vehicular speed limits on roadways; *Limited construction of new l'roject roads - limiting or prohibiting of nighttime Project - ie., preferential utilization of existing, vehicular traffic on roadways. upgradable roads for Project purposes.. Prohibition of Project workers from hunting: Sizing of Project roads, storage yards, - when on Project work sites; pump stations, etc. to limit physical land - during work hours; or usage and the concomitant need for land - while residing in Project field work site clearing and/or vegetation removal. housing. Design of Project roadways to provide. Prohibition of Project workers from possessing clear line-of-sight for drivers. firearms, snares, traps, and olber hunting equipment: - when on Project work sites; or - while residing in Project field work site housing. continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 23

107 Biophysical Topic #12 Wildlife (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON. RESPO *Prohibition of the purchase or serving of "bushmeat" or wild gamc by Project kitchens. *Provision of environmental sensitivity training (including Project expectations regarding hunting and the associated personal consequences [i.e., disciplinary actioni) to all workers. NSIBILITIES Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 24

108 Biophysical Topic #13 Marine Dischargzes POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Construction phase: - treated sewage/gray water discharges from Contractor vessels; - non-sewage-type discharges (e.g., bilges) from Contractor vessels. * Operations phase: - treated sewage/gray water discharges from the FSO vessel and support vessels; - non-sewage-type discharges (e.g., bilges) from the FSO vessel and support vessels; - ballast water discharges from export tankers calling on the FSO vessel. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. Communications with export tankers calling on. Regular testing (kit) of treated effluents from the. Enforce the requirements of MARPOI. specifications for the sewage/gray water the FSO vessel regarding ballast water discharge sewage/gray water treatment system onboard the regarding marine discharges of treatcd and bilge water treatment units onboard expectations in the immediate vicinity of the FSO vessel. sewage/gray water, bilges, and ballast and the FSO vessel such that discharges from marine terminal (i.e., no discharges of ballast. Regular oil and grease testing (kit or some other the disposal of domestic garbage from these units are compliant with MARPOL water permitted unless it meets MARPOL Clean type of portable field device) of treated bilge vessels operating within Cameroonian effluent quality standards. Ballast specifications 1< 15 ppm oil]). water discharged from the FSO vessel. waters. Establishment of segregated seawater. Preparation and COTCO review/approval of. During the construction phase of the Project,. Inspect the sewage/gray water and bilge ballast tanks onboard the FSO vessel. Contractors' construction phase Waste COTCO surveillance of: treatment systems onboard vessels Management Plans.. - sewage/gray water and bilge water treatment operating within Cameroonian waters, Preparation of an operations phase Waste practices and equipment onboard Contractor including the FSO vessel. Management Plan that includes FSO vessel- vessels. specific waste management practices/procedures - Contractors' waste management practices. (i.e., compliance of on-board domestic garbage disposal practices with MARPOL requirements). Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 25

109 l Biophysical Topic #14 Surfzone/Seabed Disturbances POTENTIAL IMPACTS Physical disturbances of the seabed and the surfzone resulting from the installation and maintenance of the marine portion of the Cameroon Transportation System (ie., the pipeline and the FSO vessel's mooring facility) that could potentially adversely impact marine organisms due to: - alteration or reduction of habitat; - erosion. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of Project specifications for. Limitation of the use of rock blasting when. Periodic visual assessments of implementcd. Monitor the installation of the marine the installation of the marine portion of installing the marine portion of the Cameroon surfzone erosion control and reclamation portion of the Cameroon Transportation the Cameroon Transportation System Transportation System. measures associated with the marine portion of System. regarding surfzone easement erosion. Utilization of suitable techniques to the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline. mitigation and reclamation measures. appropriately reclaim the Cameroon. Periodic inspections of the marine portion of the Installation of the marine portion of the Transportation System's system easement in the Cameroon Transportation System. Cameroon Transportation System's surfzone and protect the reclaimed area from. During the construction phase of the Project, pipeline on top of the sea floor without erosion (e.g., via the use of rip-rap). COTCO surveillance of: trenching except in the immediate - Contractor activities related to the installation nearshore area - i.e., at water depths equal of the marine portion of the Cameroon to or less than 7 m (MSL), the pipeline Transportation System; will be placed in a minimally-sized trench - Contractor's erosion control/reclamation that provides m of cover. activities/practices in the surfzone. Selection of the path for the marine portion of the Cameroon Transportation System's pipeline and a location for the FSO vessel's single point mooring facility in a manner that avoids known rocky outcrops and other areas that provide hard substrate for marine flora and fauna. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table Biophysical Topics Page 26

110 Biophysical Topic #15 Marine Flora and Fauna POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Physical disturbances of the seabed and the surfzone resulting from the installation and maintenance of the marine portion of the Cameroon Transportation System (i.e., the pipeline and the FSO vessel's mooring facility) that could potentially adversely impact marine organisms due to alteration or reduction of habitat. * Impacts of oil spills on marine organisms. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Installation of the marine portion of the. Limitation of the use of rock blasting when. Pcriodic inspections of the marine portion of the. Review the liroject Oil Spill Response Cameroon 'I'ransportation System's installing the marine portion of the Cameroon Cameroon Transportation System. Plan. pipeline on top of the sea floor without Transportation System.. Periodic reviews of the Project's operations. Participate in periodic reviews of thc trenching except in the immediate. Preparation and CO'I'CO review/approval of phase Oil Spill Response Plan. Project Oil Spill Response Plan. nearshore area - i.e., at water depths equal Contractors' construction phase Spill Response. During the construction phase of the Project,. At their discretion, participate in oil spill to or less than 7 m (MSL), the pipeline I'lans. COTCO surveillance of: response training exercises and drills. will be placed in a minimally-sized trench. Preparation of a comprehensive operations - Contractor activities related to the installation. Monitor the installation of the marine that provides m of cover. phase Project Oil Spill Response Plan that of the marine portion of the Cameroon portion of the Cameroon Transportation Selection of the path for the marine features: Transportation System. System. portion of the Cameroon Transportation - a three-tiered response strategy (i.e., local, System and a location for the PSO regional, international) regarding the vessel'single point mooring facility in a sourcing of equipment and personnel; manner that avoids known rocky outcrops - stationing of appropriate oil spill response and other areas that provide hard substrate and clean-up equipment in the immediate for marine flora and fauna. vicinity of the Marine Terminal; - response strategies for the most credible marine spill scenarios; - spill-related coastal environmental sensitivity mapping; - procedures for treating or disposing of spillcontaminated materials; - oil spill clean-up-related waste management procedures; - regularly scheduled training exercises/drills. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 27

111 c5btcm'.doc February 9, :30 AM Cameroon Time Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Biophysical Topics Page 28

112 Socioeconomic Topic #l Migration to the Project Area POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Migration to the Project area by people in search ofjobs, to establish businesses, and/or to be near family members employed by the Project. * Secondary impacts associated with establishment of unauthorized settlements. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Reduction of potential adverseffects due. During both phases of the Project:. During the construction phase of the Project:. During both phases of the Project: to migration of individuals to the Project - Prohibition of Project workers from hunting, - Monitoring of local inflationary pressures, - Assist COTCO in informing the public area in search of employment and fishing, or gathering/harvesting population growth, the establishment of of the Project employment, housiig, and business opportunities through measures medicinal/valued plants and trees: unauthorized settlements, changes in land businessolicitation policies. described for Employment, Housing, and + when on Project work sites; values, and demands on existing infrastructure - Consult with local community Land Use. + during work hours; or in areas around work camps and permanent authorities when necessary. *Generation of and adherence to Project + while residing in Project field work site operation siles. specifications related to employment, housing. - Monitoring of the development of new towns. During the operations Phase of tile health, socioeconomic interactions, and and villages and changcs in land values in Project: land use.. During the construction phase of the Project: areas along Project-improved roadways. - Assume the usual rcsponsibility of *Selection of Project camp site locations to - Institution of an ongoing program of controlling the new Cameroon/Chad limit impacts on surrounding community consultation with the Republic of. During the operations phase of the Project: border crossing over the Mbdre River. communities. Cameroon, local village leaders and elders to: - Recording of new settlements, logging, etc. + minimize the potential for villages to along the system easement during regularly relocate near temporary roads, scheduled monitoring, and notifying + outline Project needso that communities Government bodies of such observations. can prepare for the potential influx of workers, + discuss potential impacts of contractor demobilization in their communities. mitigations.during the operations phase of the Project: - Provisions for ongoing consultation with the Republic of Cameroon, local village lcaders and elders concerning: + possible positive and negative impacts of a long-term operations workforce in communities near permanent Project facilities, + induced access impacts and proposed along the system easement. I Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page I

113 Socioeconomic Topic #2 Cameroonian Business Opportunities and Revenues POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Extent of Cameroonian business participation in the economic benefits of the Project. * In most instances, the demand for goods and services will be significantly less during the Project's operations phase than during the construction phase. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITlIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to lprojcct. During both phases of the Project:. During the construction phase of the Project:. During both phases of the lproject: specifications regarding the solicitation - Implementation of a program to stimulate - Surveillance of Contractors' goods and - Cooperate with COTCO representatives and purchasing of goods and services involvement of Cameroonian businesses in the services purchasing practices with regard to in identifying Cameroonian businesses from Cameroonian businesses. Project by: Cameroonian content. potentially capable of providing goods + working with the Republic of Cameroon, - COTCO to require modification of purchasing and services required by the Plrojcct. agencies, business groups, and NGOs to practices if deficiencies or problems regarding - Cooperate with COTCO representatives communicate to Cameroonian businesses impacts Cameroonian businesses, to make Cameroonian businesses aware the locations, types, and amounts of goods communities, and/or individuals are of the locations, types, and amounts of and services required by the Project as well identified. goods and services required by the as quality, reliability, availability, and Project, as well as quality, availability, delivery terms.. During the operations phase of the Project: and competitive delivery terms. identifying Cameroonian businesses - Undertake periodic analyses of the Project's - Ensure that customs regulations, taxes, potentially capable of providing goods and goods and services purchasing practices with and other business-relatcd laws and services to the Project. regard to Cameroonian content. regulations are enforced. + preferentially utilizing Cameroonian - Encourage private sector development. businesses capable of providing the Project with required goods and services over foreign suppliers provided they are competitive with regard to price, quality, reliability, availability, and delivery terms. - Distribution of Project purchasing among qualified Cameroonian suppliers to: + discourage discriminatory pricing, + prevent dependence on Project purchases for continued business viability. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 2

114 Socioeconomic Topic #3 Employment POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Job availability for Nationals. * Fairness and transparency of the Project's recruitment and hiring process. * Equitable distribution of jobs. * Transition to longer-term maintenance and operations jobs that are substantially fewer in number versus construction phase jobs. * Availability of suitable banking services to Project workers. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Conformance with the Convention of. During both phases of the Project:. During both phases of the Project:. During both phases of the Project: Establishment regarding the provision of - Development of annual training and - Establishment of a monitoring system to track - Participate with COTCO in fair employment opportunities to recruitment plans as required by the IProject worker hiring and performance. disseminating information concerning Nationals and implementation of a Convention of Establishment. job opportunities, terms of employment, training and recruitment plan. -Reasonable distribution of Project jobs among. During the construction phase of the Project: and the recruitment process. Design of the recruitment and hiring qualified Nationals, giving priority among - COTCO surveillance of Contractors' hiring - Issue documents and permits necessary processes for the construction and candidates to local citizens of communities practices. for employment, in accordance with operations phases of the Project to be as most affected by the Project. applicable regulations and laws. fair and open as possible. - Creation and compilation of lists of local - Review COTCO's annual training and candidates eligible for employment from recruitment plans which identify longcommunities most affected by Project land term job skills nceded by thc Project as needs. submitted. - Preparation and implementation of regional - Continue the policy of promoting awareness programs detailing job training in technical areas. opportunities for residents. - Preparation of an employment plan outlining procedures to meet stated employment expectations and contract specifications. -Acceptance of job applications only at COTCO's head office in Douala and at Project offices in designated cities and towns, - Verification of location of permanent residence for Project workers. - Encouragement of the development of local banking services for Project workers at locations where they are paid if not already available. continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 3

115 Socioeconomic Topic #3 Employment (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES During the operations phase of the Project: - Institution of an employment management system similar to that used during the construction phase featuring: + hiring strategies for each skill level, + use of a database to record and track Project worker information. - Initial recruitment of workers from qualified individuals engaged in the construction of the Project's permanent facilities. - Provision for the expatriate proportion of the workforce to diminish over time as Nationals acquire specialized technical and managerial skills and expertise. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 4

116 Socioeconomic Topic #4 Education and Training POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Education and training is required by Project workers, especially Nationals. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES Generation of and adherence to lproject specifications related to the education and training of Project workers. MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES. During the construction phase of the Project:. During both phases of the Project:. During the both phases of the lproject: - Development of annual recruitment and - COTCO surveillance of Contractors' Project - Continue the policy of promoting training plans as required by the Convention worker education and training programs. education in technical areas. of Establishment. - Provision of basic knowledge and training to. During the operations phase of the Project:. During the operations phase of the Project workers necessary to allow them to - Periodic reviews of Project worker training Project: perform their duties in a safe and professional records to identify training gaps and - Review CO'l'CO's T1raining Plan as manner. opportunities. submitted. - Provide on-the-job training as P roject schedule and requirements dictate to advance worker skills. - Development and provision of training courses and orientations to Project workers, as appropriate for their jobs. - Provision of additional training to Project workers regarding environmental issues, safety, health, crafl training, cross-cultural awareness, and fire prevention and protection. - Provision of orientations to inform lproject workers of Project policies, the violation of which might affect continued employment. - Development of a training tracking system to ensure Project workers receive required initial and refresher training. - Payment of Project workers (prevailing wage) while engaged in training. continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 5

117 Socioeconomic Topic #4 ~~~~~~~Education and Tralining (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES During the operations phase of the Project: - Development of annual training and recruitment plans as required by the Convention of Establishment that feature: + knowledgeable instructors, + new worker training, + an on-the-job training program to prepare workers for advancement to higher skill levels or supervisory positions, where required, + appropriate refresher training courses, + individualized training records, + a process to measure the effectiveness of all training programs. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 6

118 Socioeconomic Topic #S5 Housing POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Types of accommodations to be provided to Project workers. * Transportation of Project workers not living in Work Site-located Project housing to and from the Work Site. * Impacts on local communities as a result of the location of the Project's construction camps and permanent facility quarters. * Housing of Project workers in local communities. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIFS Generation of and adherence to Project. During the construction phase of the Project:. During the construction phase of the Project,. During the both phases of the IProject: housing specifications aimed at - Hiring of most unskilled Project workers from monitoring of: - Grant nccessary authorizations and maintaining the family living status of local communities within a one-hour drive of - Contractors' housing practices, and permits in a timely manncr. National Project workers. a Project Work Site who will continue to live - Impacts of Project housing practices on local Construction and maintenance of in their own homes with their families. communities where Project workers are temporary and permanent Project - Provision that Project workers, whose housed. personnel accommodations in a manner community of permanent residence is within a that is consistent with appropriate one-hour drive of a Project Work Site will: international standards. + continuc to live with their own families. + be transported to and from the Work Site. + be provided with a lunch on workdays. - Provision that National Project workers, working on construction of the pipeline or at permanent facilitie sites, whose permanent residence is more than a one-hour drive from a Project Work Site: + may be housed in private accommodations in nearby communities, and + be transported to and from the Work Site, and + be provided with a lunch on workdays, and + be provided a housing allowance. OR + be housed in single status Project work camps, and + be provided three-meals per day. continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 7

119 Socioeconomic Topic #5 Housing (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES - In consultation with COI1CO, Contractor detcrmination of housing arrangements for Nationals. - Ilousing of expatriates in on-site single-status P'roject work camps. - Following of procedure set forth in the Compensation Plan in the unlikely event that construction of fixed facilities or the Cameroon Transportation System results in resettlement. During the operations phase of the Project: - tabitation of Nationals in towns and villages in the vicinity of the Project's permanent facilities. - lousing of expatriates in single status campstyle accommodations. Provision of transportation to and from the Work Site to Project workers living in surrounding towns and villages as necessary. - Provision of accommodations on-board the FSO vessel for rotational operations personnel. - Provision of transportation to and from shore and the FSO vessel to rotational operations personnel. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 8

120 Socioeconomic T:opie #6 Land Use POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Project-related changes in land uses, including the following types of temporary and permanent land uses: - Short term (one growing season or less to two years) changes in land use; primarily within the Cameroon Transportation System's land easement or associated with infrastructure improvements resulting in dislocation of some perennial crops and seasonally used structures and associated facilities, but no displacement of households, - Long-term changes of land use (-30 years) primarily due to restrictions associated with digging or plowing more than 60 cm in depth in the 10 to 15 meter-wide system easement. - Permanent loss of land (-30 years) for construction and operation of permanent Project facilities or infrastructure improvements. * Potential for permanent land losses resulting in limited loss of economic viability. * Temporary or permanent loss of the use of resources due to land use changes directly caused by the Project. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS Adherence to principleset forth in. During the construction phase of the Project:. During the construction phase of the Project: applicable Cameroon legislation, as well - Reclamation of those construction-disturbed - Monitoring of increases land values as a as the Convention of Establishment, as to lands not required for permanent Project result of constructing or upgrading Project the disposition of lands used by the facilities or the operation/maintenance of the facilities and infrastructure. Project. Cameroon Transportation System using one - Regular monitoring of COTCO's * Generation of and adherence to Project or more technique(s) (e.g., scarification, compensation-related activities to ensure land use specifications. surface texturing, mulching, fertilizing, compliance with the Compensation Plan. * During construction, restriction of the seeding, seedling planting) so that these lands width of the Cameroon Transportation can be returned to their prior uses. D I)uring the operations phase of the Project: System land easement to: - Provision to allow prior users of traditionally - Monitoring of the system easement regarding - 60 m at river crossings; used lands to resume their former activities on adverse changes in land uses and reporting any - 50 m at road/railroad crossings, areas easement lands subjecto some restrictions on infringements and concerns to Republic of with sloping terrains, and areas where the system easement. Cameroon otticials. natural obstacles exist; - Development and implementation of a - 30 m, except in difficult areas. Compensation Plan based on the principles * Limitation of the use of additional land for set forth in Chapter 6, Section 6.2 of this construction camps, staging areas, etc. EMP. REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIIES. During the construction phase of thc Project: - Identify land owners and occupants for land easement acquisition. - Put at the disposal of the Projecthe land easement in accordance with applicable legislation. - Development and implcmentation of a Compensation Plan based on the principleset forth in Chapter 6, Section 6.2 of this EMP. - Be supportive of prior users of customarily used lands resuming their former activities on the land easement (includes the system easemcnt). continued... continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 9

121 Socioeconomic Topic #6 Land Use (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON. RESPONSIBILITIES During operations, rcstriction of the width. During the operations phase of the Project: of the system easement to m. - Provision of compensation for physical land * Sizing of Project roads, storage yards, damages resulting directly from Projectpump stations, etc. to limit physical land related maintenance and operations activities. usage. The process by which damage-related * Limited construction of new Project roads compensation will be determined and paid - i.e., preferential utilization of existing, will be similar to that utilized during the upgradable roads for Project purposes. construction phase. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 10

122 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Socioeconomic Topic #7 Sacred and Cultural Sites * Several ethnic groups practicing different religions live in the Project area. * A wide range of sacred and cultural sites exist in the Project area including: - burial sites, - locations of important medicinal plants and sacred trees, - historic and archaeological sites, - churches or mosques. * Special religious and cultural issues arising as a result of the employment of a multi-ethnic workforce. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES Preferentially, redesign and/orelocate Project facilities/componcnts to limit disturbances to significant, known sacred and cultural sites. MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES. During both phases of the Project:. During the operations phase of the Project:. During the construction phase of the - Notification of Republic of Cameroon - Record locations of any newly created sacred Project: authorities if archaeological sites are and cultural sites discovereduring regular - Assist COTCO in their consultation discovered as per legislative requirements. periodic walkovers of the system easement. with village, spiritual, or religious - Seek archaeological advice/expertise to deal leaders and individuals during the with uncovered sites as necessary. Project's: - Work aroun discovered sites of + Centerline Survey to identify archaeological value until treatment plans are locations of burial sites and sacred devised. objects, and places, + final design stage to discuss During the construction phase of the Project: appropriate measures to minimize the - Consultation with village, spiritual or disturbance of ancestral remains, religious leaders, and individuals to: sacred arcas, and burial sites that + identify sacred, cultural, and archaeological cannot be avoided, and sites to be avoided, + provide assistance in relocation of + negotiate special handling procedures if sacred sites. disturbances cannot be avoided, or - Pay all compensation due for + negotiate compensation for unavoidable disturbances to burial sites in disturbances. accordance with commonly applied - Provision to compensate for disturbances to rates. cultural or sacred sites in the form of assistance in relocation, in-kind compensation, and/or cash, as appropriate. continued.. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page II

123 Socioeconomic Topic #7 Sacred and Cultural Sites (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES -Payment of compensation, if necessary, to purchase items needed for ceremonies and to relocate sacred items, where need is substantiated. -Provision of training to Project workers in cross-cultural differences. -Provision of Project on-site work camps with prayer rooms, washrooms, and other facilities as necessary to satisfy the religious needs and customs of the workforce. During the operations phase of the Project: - Consultation with local village, spiritual or religious leaders, and individuals to: + provide information about the types of maintenance-related ground disturbing activities, + identify sacred, cultural, and archaeological sites when planning ground-disturbing maintenance activities, + discourage the creation of new sacred and cultural sites in areas permanently occupied by the Cameroon Transportation System's system easement. - Payment of compensation for the disturbance of sites existing prior to construction. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 12

124 Socioeconomic Topic #8 Semi-Sedentary and Transhumant Cattle Movements: POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Project construction activities may interfere with the seasonal movements of transhumant cattle herds. * Project land needs and construction activities may disrupt local water and pasturage sources. * Existing herder-farmer conflicts may be exacerbated by Project-related activities. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPO NSIBILITIES Design and scheduling of Project. During the construction phase of the Project:. During both phases of the Project:.During the constuction phase of the activities to limit potential affects on - Announcements of the dates and locations of - Monitoring of the use of the land/system Project: seasonal movements, pasturage, or water construction sites via veterinarians, pastoralist casement by pastoralists and others who move - Participate in disseminating information sources for semi-sedentary, nomadic, and organizations, and through traditional leaders. cattle herds. on the location and timing of lproject transhumant movements of cattle. - Hiring of temporary help to assist families in construction sites and activitics to aid During construction of the Cameroon moving herds through construction zoncs.. During the construction phase of the Project: herders in planning alternative routes Transportation System: - Collection of information concerning - Corrco surveillance of Contractors' and timing of their crossings. - Avoidance of creating extended numbers, timing, and location of major interactions with transhumants, - Consult with local community continuous rows of spoil or lengths of transhumant migratory routes crossing - COTCO surveillance of Contractors' cattle authorities when necessary to minimize open trench that may interfcre with the construction zones and near camps. movement provision actions. the risk of social conflicts which might passage of livestock. arise between farmers and pastoralists. - Provision of gaps in rows of spoil at. During the operations phase of the Project: - Monitor COTCO's mitigation and designated intervals to coincide with - Provision of information to pastoralists and monitoring measures regarding potential features such as obvious livestock others on locations and importance of impacts to transhumants. routes. sensitive environmental resources within the - Design of pipeline crossings to Cameroon 'I'ransportation System's. During the operations phase of the accommodate peak cattle crossings. land/system easement in an attempt to: Project: + discourage the use of the easemento move - Consult with local community cattle, and authorities when necessary to minimize + encourage the use of prior routes. the risk of social conflicts which might arise between sedentary farmers and pastoralists. - Control the use of the system casement. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 13

125 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Socioeconomic Topic #9 Fishing Resources * Potential disruption of fresh and salt-water fishing and fishing harvests due to Project activities. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES. See measures described in the Biophysical. During both phases of the Project:. Implementation of a compliance monitoring. Application of the provisions in Articlc 8 section under "Freshwater Fish." - Prohibition of Project workers from fishing: system regarding the Project's fishing policy for of the Forest, Fauna, and Fishing Code. Locate and maintain buoys to mark the * when on Project work sites; workers. (94/01, 20 January, 1994). marine pipeline's sub-sea location. + during work hours; or + while residing in Project field work site housing. During the construction phase of the Project: - Establishment of a compensation approach for fishing harvest losses and gear damages/losses that are derensibly attributable to Projectrelated activities based on the following main principles: + substantiation of loss claims, + payment of loss claims only to individuals holding genuine rights to specific impacted fishing areas, + payment of harvest loss-type claims in cash or in-kind based on the local market rate for the type(s) of fish included in a claim, + payment of gear loss/damage-type claims in cash or in-kind based on the going local market rate for repair or replacement of the gear included in a claim. - Initiation of a public information and education program about the location and implications of the marine exclusion zone. continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 14

126 Socioeconomic Topic #9 Fish_ing Resources (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON During the operations phase of the lproject: - Compensation for fishery-relate damages which can be defensively attributed to routine maintenance and/or emergency activities. RESPONSIBILITIES Cameroon Chapter S Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 15

127 Socioeconomic Topic #10 Indigenous Peoples POTENTIAL IMPACTS Potential disruption of Bakola Pygmy settlements by Project activities. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to l'roject. During both phases of the Project:. During the construction phase of the Project:. During the construction phase of thc specifications regarding socioeconomic - Prohibition of Project workers from hunting, - COTCO surveillance of Contractor activities Project: interactions with Pygmies, as with other fishing, or gathering/harvesting in Pygmy-inhabited areas. - Payment of compensation duc to Cameroonians. medicinal/valued plants and trees: - Regular monitoring of compensation-related Pygmies for crops and improvements + when on l'roject work sites; activities to ensure compliance with the situated within the land casement + during work hours; or Compensation Plan regarding Pygmies and allocated to the Plroject in accordance + while residing in Project field work site World Bank guidelines. with applicable Cameroon legislation. housing. - Continuance of monitoring after completion of compensation activities to verify that During the construction phase of the Project: appropriate compensation was paid and that -Consultation with Pygmies potentially Compensation Plan objectives were met. affected by the Project. - Undertaking of an easement survey in areas. During the operations phase of the Project: inhabited by Pygmies. - Monitoring and reporting of observations of - Avoidance of Pygmy villages identified new settlements, logging, etc. to Republic of during the pipeline Centreline Survey. Cameroon officials during periodic line - Provision of compensation for impacts to flyovers and walkovers of the system temporary camps or structures. easement.- - Development and implementation of a Compensation Plan by the Project, including appropriate compensation measures such as cash, in-kind replacements for temporary and permanent losses incurred as a result of Project activities. - Participation by consultation with Pygmies on impacts and mitigation plans, including compensation. continued.. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 16

128 Socioeconomic Topic #10 Indigenous Peoples (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Active control of access to identified Plygmyinhabited areas intersected by the Cameroon Transportation System's land easement by employing one or more of the following measures: + vehicle barriers and/or guards on work site access roads and where the land cascment intersects existing roads; + reinstatement of natural barriers along the land easement (e.g., removal of temporary bridges require during construction); + establishment of new, artificial barriers (e.g., rock/rubble mounds, fences). During the operations phase of the Project: - Maintenance of artificial barriers along the system easement to limit induced access to forests used by Pygmies. - Limitation of activitics in the area inhabited by Pygmies to periodic surveillance of the system casement and routine maintenance which may be needed at watercourse crossings, etc. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 17

129 s2_cam.doc February 7, :10 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Socioeconomic Topics Page 18.. I I I

130 Health Topic #1l Respiratory Diseases POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Person-to-person transmission of respiratory diseases among Project workers through personal contact, while residing in worker housing, or during crowded public and/or private transportation. * Spread of respiratory diseases to communities in the Project development area by Project workers. * Diseases of major concern include: - meningococcal meningitis, influenza, tuberculosis, and leprosy. * Dust from Project-related activities. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. Preparation of construction and operations. Establishment and implementation of a. Maintain the cxisting community-based specifications for: phase Project I lcalth Plans that feature respiratory health surveillance program for Epidemiological Information Systems - Project medical facilities; transmission prevention strategies regarding Project workers that includes: (EIS) and Sentinel Surveillancc Systcms - the provision of preventative and respiratory diseases. - fever surveillance, and (SSS) for respiratory diseases (e.g., responsive healthcare services to. Inclusion of a worker health education / - monitoring of workers potentially exposed to influenza, measles, mumps, TB). Project workers regarding respiratory awareness program in the construction and significant communicable respiratory. Continue cxisting immunization programs diseasps; operations phase Project I lealth Plans that diseases as part of their work activities for respiratory diseases for the local - Project work camp accommodations features a module regarding respiratory diseases, and/or location of habitation. populace in the Project development arca, and permanent Project quarters; and their hazards, and acquisition prevention tactics.. Establishment and implementation of a Project e.g., MMR, DPT, influenza, - Project catering facilities.. Implementation of a workplace tuberculosis worker Epidemiologic Information System meningococcal meningitis, TIB, etc. Adherence to Project medical practices (TB) management program for the Project that (EIS) and a Sentinel'Surveillance Systems (SSS). Review and comment on the 1'roject's and established medical treatment features the following key elements: pre- to: Health Plans. protocols for respiratory diseases. employmentesting for prospective Project - track and monitor Project worker respiratory. Inspect Project work sites and work camp Administration of appropriate workers, "DOTS"-type treatment for Project disease clinical data and diagnoses, accommodations. immunizations to non-immune workers, workers, regular health surveillance of Project - evaluate possible outbreaks of. Provide regulatory survcillancc and e.g., MMR, DPT, influenza, workers. communicable respiratory diseases, and technical inspection of dllst control meningococcal, etc. * Issuance of individual respiratory protective - evaluate Project strategies regarding practices on Project roads and equipment to Project workers that is appropriate respiratory diseases. construction sites during the construction to their specific job requirements and provision. Periodic assessments of housing facilities, phase of the Project. of appropriate training regarding the proper medical practices, and catering services. usage and maintenance of this equipment.. During the construction phase of the Project, Establishment and implementation of Project COTCO surveillance of: housing inspection protocols. - Contractors' healthcare provision practices and facilities, especially as they apply to respiratory diseases; continued... - Contractors' dust control practices. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page I

131 Health Topic #I Respiratory Diseases (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Provision and implementation of sanitation specifications for Project laundry scrvices. *Prohibition of cooking in Project living quarters. *Application of appropriate dust control measurcs (e.g., watering, use of dust control agents) on Project roads and active construction/maintenance sites. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - hlealth Topics Page 2

132 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Health Topic #2 Sexually Transmitted Diseases * Acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases by Project workers. * Exacerbation of the existing sexually transmitted diseases situation in the Project development area. * Diseases of major concern include: - HIV/AIDS, - curable STDs such as syphilis, urethritis, gonorrhea, etc., - hepatitis B, C, and D. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Gcncration of and adherence to Project. P'reparation of construction and operations. Periodic assessments of mcdical practices and. Maintain the existing community-based specifications for: phase Project hlealth lplans that feature STD facilities to evaluate the effectiveness of the Epidemiological Information Systems - Project medical facilities; and acquisition/transmission prevention strategies Project's STD prevention and treatment (EIS) and Sentinel Surveillance Systems - the provision of preventative and for Project workers. program. (SSS) for S'l'Ds, particularly for responsive healthcare services to. Inclusion of a worker health. IPeriodic medical monitoring examinations for IIIV/AIDS Project workers regarding STDs. education/awareness program in the the workforce.. Continue existing I IIV/AIDS prevention Adherence to Project medical practices construction and operations phase Project. Establishment and implementation of a Project programs and coordinate efforts with and established medical treatment I lealth Plans that features a module regarding worker Epidemiologic Information System Project programs. protocols for curable STDs. STDs, their hazards, and (EIS) and a Sentinel Surveillance System (SSS). Target high risk community groups for Design of medical facilities to acquisition/transmission prevention tactics. The to: special IIIV/AIDS intervention and accommodate blood-borne pathogens topic of HlIV/AIDS will feature prominently in - track and monitor Project worker STD education as part of existing programs, control. this worker training program. clinical data and diagnoses, e.g., truckers, commercial sex workers, Establishment of a pre-employment STD testing - identify and evaluate potentially significant sexually active young people. program for prospective Project workers that increases in STD rates, and. Continue existing cfforts to promote features strict confidentiality. If an individual is - evaluate Project strategies regarding STDs. social marketing activitics for condoms determined to possess one or more STD(s),. Regular assessments regarding the availability and STD treatment in the community. he/she will be informed regarding this of condoms to Project workers.. Review and comment on the Project's diagnosis.. Periodic independent assessmcnts of compliance Hlealth Plans.. Development and implementation of an active with the Project's bloodborne pathogens/ intervention program for Project workers infection control program. regarding curable STDs.. During the construction phase of the Project,. Provision of condom use education and CO'I'CO surveillance of: availability to Project workers. - Contractor's health care provision practices. Management of Project medical facilities to and facilities, especially as they apply to control blood-borne pathogens exposure. 'I'his STDs. will be accomplished via the rigorous use of "universal precautions". Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - IH ealth Topics Page 3

133 Health Topic #3 Vector-Borne Diseases POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Acquisition of vector-borne diseases by Project workers. * Creation of conditions that exacerbate the existing vector-borne diseasesituation in the Project development area. * Diseases of concern include: - Malaria - transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. - Schistosomiasis - transmitted through fresh water contact with snails. - Onchocerciasis - transmitted through the bite of a black fly. - Trypanosomiasis - transmitted through the bite of a tsetse fly. - Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis - transmitted through the bite of an infective sand fly. - Rift Valley fever - transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or aerosol from infected animal feces. - African tick typhus - transmitted by crushing infected lice at bite sites. - Louse and flea borne typhus - transmitted through infective lice / fleas. - Plague - transmitted through infected fleas. - Bancroftian filariasis - mosquito borne. - Loiasis - transmitted through the bite of a tabanid fly (deerfly). - Arboviral fevers - mosquito borne. - West Nile and Sindbis fevers - mosquito borne. - Yellow fever - mosquito borne. - Hemorrhagic fevers. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. Preparation of construction and operations. E'stablishment of a medical surveillance. Maintain the existing community-based specifications for: phase Project Health Plans that feature program for Project workers regarding vector- Epidemiological Information Systems - Project medical facilities; acquisition prevention and treatment strategies borne disease status (special emphasis on (EIS) and Sentinel Surveillancc Systems - the provision of preventative and regarding vector-borne diseases. malaria). (SSS) for vector-bornc diseases, responsive healthcare services to. Inclusion of a worker health. Periodic independent assessments of the particularly for malaria and hemorrhagic Project workers regarding vector-borne education/awareness program in the Project's malari and vector-borne disease fevers. diseases; construction and operations phase Project control programs.. Review and comment on thc Projcct's - Project work camp accommodations Ilealth Plans that features a module regarding I lealth Plans. and permanent Project quarters; and vector-borne diseases, their hazards, and. Inspect Project work sites and work camp - the acquisition, treatment, and storage acquisition prevention strategies. accommodations. of water for drinking, bathing, and washing/laundry purposes. continued... continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page 4

134 Health Topic #3 Vector-Borne Diseases (continued): PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Adherence to Project medical practices. Development and implementation of a Malaria. Establishment of a Project worker and established medical treatment Control Program for the Projecthat adheres to epidemiologic Information System (EIS) and a protocols for malari and other vector- standard international guidelines (e.g., WI-10). Sentinel Surveillance System (SSS) to: borne diseases.. Development and implementation of a Viral - track and monitor Project worker vector- Acquisition of drinking/bathing/washing I lemorrhagic Fever protocol for the Project that borne disease clinical data and diagnoses, water for camps and permanent Project adheres to standard international guidelines - detect and evaluate outbreaks of vectorquarters from groundwater sources. (e.g., CDC). borne diseases (e.g., malaria, hemorrhagic Issuance of treated bednets, clothing and. Performance of vector control activities in the fevers), and bedding to workers housed in work site immediate vicinities of the Project's permanent - evaluate Project strategies regarding vectorcamp environments. facilities and construction camps, including: borne diseases (special emphasis on Use of insect/vermin screens and traps for - avoiding the creation of incremental vector malaria). work camp facilities and permanent habitat,. Periodic inspections of Project work site (i.e., Project quarters. - removal/alteration of existing vector habitat, camp) housing for compliance with the malaria Laboratory confirmation of selected - selective use of pesticides, and control program, e.g., bed nets, standing watcr. clinical diagnoses of vector-borne diseases - rodentrapping/removal.. Periodic surveillance of the Project work areas using appropriate testing methodologies.. Focal applications of Abate (Tcmephos) where for standing pools of water, insects, vermin, etc. necessary for black fly control.. Inspection and audit programs for watercourse. Implementation of a water snail control program crossings, Project laundry practices and housing where warranted. sanitation, proper use of screens and traps, etc.. Establishment and implementation of cleaning. During the construction phase of the Project, protocols and schedules for Project facilities that COTCO surveillance of: adhere to international standards. - Contractors' healthcare provision practices. Provision of appropriate personal protective and facilities, especially as they apply to equipment to Project food handlers (e.g., gloves, malari and other vector-borne diseases. aprons, hair nets). Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page 5

135 L Health Topic #4 Water-Borne Diseases POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Acquisition of water-borne diseases by Project workers. * Exacerbation of the existing water-borne diseases situation in the Project development area. * Diseases of major concern include: - typhoid fever, - paratyphoid fever, - cholera, - amebic dysentery, - guinea worm. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. Preparation of construction and operations. Establishment of a medical surveillance. Maintain the existing community-based specifications for: phase Project Health Plans that feature program for Project workers regarding water- Epidemiological Information Systems - Project medical facilities; acquisition prevention strategies regarding borne diseases. Special attention will be given (EIS) and Sentincl Surveillance Systems - the provision of preventative and water-borne diseases. to Project food services workers. (SSS) for water-borne diseases. responsive healthcare services to. Inclusion of a worker health. Daily potable water quality testing (e.g., pi 1,. Monitor the Project's potable water Project workers regarding water-borne education/awareness program in the residual chlorine content). inspection program. diseases; construction and operations phase Project. Establishment of a Project worker. Review and commcnt on the lproject's - the acquisition, treatment, and storage Hlealth Plans that features a module regarding I-.pidemiologic Information System (EIS) and a llealth Plans. of water for drinking, bathing, and water-borne diseases, their hazards, and Sentinel Surveillance System (SSS) to:. Inspect Project work sites and work camp washing/laundry purposes; acquisition prevention tactics. - track and monitor Project worker water- accommodations. - packaged sewage/gray water treatment. Establishment of sanitation requirements that borne disease clinical data and diagnoses, systems; and address water treatment, storage, flood control, - detect and evaluate outbreaks of water-borne - engineered Project solid waste waste management, and drainage designs. diseases (e.g., cholera, typhoid fevers), and landfills.. Establishment of sanitation programs for - evaluate Project strategies regarding water- Adherence to Project medical practices catering facilities. borne diseases. and established medical treatment. Inspcction and assessment of Project water protocols for water-borne diseases. storage areas, waste management facilities and Administration of appropriate practices, and flood control measures. immunizations for water-borne diseases to. Worker surveillance to prevent the use of non-immune workers. river/stream water as a venue for bathing. Acquisition of drinking/bathing/washing. Periodic independent assessments of the water for camps and permanent Project Project's potable water treatment and quarters from groundwater sources. sewage/gray water treatment and discharge practices and facilities. continued... Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page 6

136 Health Topic #44 Water-Borne Diseases (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES During the construction phase of the Project, COTCO surveillance of: - Contractors' healthcare provision practices and facilities, especially as they apply to water-borne diseases. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page 7

137 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Health Topic U5 Food-Borne Diseases * Acquisition of food-borne diseases by Project workers caused by pathogen such as Salmonella, Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Campylobacterjejuni, and shigella. * Exacerbation of the existing food-borne diseasesituation in the Project development area. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES Generation of and adherence to lproject specifications for: - Project medical facilities; - the provision of preventative and responsive healthcare services to Project workers regarding food-borne diseases; and - Project catering facilities and services. Adherence to Project medical practices and established medical treatment protocols for food-borne diseases. MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES. Preparation of construction and operations. Periodic reviews of all food service operations. Conduct regulatory inspections of local phase Project hlealth Plans that feature in camps. food suppliers and abattoirs. acquisition/transmission prevention strategies. Periodic random testing of food materials and. Conduct regulatory inspections of the regarding food-borne diseases. preparedishes, food preparation machinery, sanitation status of the Project's food. Inclusion of a worker health and counter tops. service operations. education/awareness program in the. Establishment of a Project worker. Review and comment on the Projcct's construction and operations phase Project Epidemiologic Information System (EIS) and a Ilealth Plans. Ilealth Plans that features a module regarding Sentinel Surveillance System (SSS) to: food-borne diseases, their hazards, and - track and monitor Project worker food-borne acquisition/transmission prevention tactics. disease clinical data and diagnoses, Special/additional training will be given to food - detect and evaluate outbreaks of food-borne handlers. diseases (e.g., salmonellosis), and. Development of a food borne illness response - evaluate Project strategies regarding foodplan and investigation procedures. borne diseases.. Establishment of cleaning protocols and. Medical surveillance programs for all Project sanitation standards for Project catering food handlers that feature: facilities that meet appropriate international - baseline and periodic serologic standards. communicable disease status, e.g., hepatitis,. Development and implementation of a Project - periodic skin screening examinations, and food sanitation program that addresses food - fever surveillance. sources, food protection, transportation, storage,. Periodic inspection and evaluation of in-country preparation, handling, and disposal. food vendors/abattoirs that supply food to. Provision of Project food handlers with Project facilities. specialized personal protectivequipment (e.g.,. IPeriodic independent assessments of Project gloves, aprons, hair nets). food services/sanitation programs, activities,. Oversight of catering operations by a qualified and their compliance with standards. dietary specialist (food service sanitarian).. During the construction phase of the Project, corco surveillance of. - Contractors' food service facilities and food handling practices. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page 8

138 I{ealth Topic #6 Occupational Exposures POTENTIAL IMPACTS * Exposure of Project workers to hazardous/dangerous/toxic materials. * Exposure of Project workers to excessive levels of noise. * Encounters of Project workers with snakes, scorpions, etc. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. Preparation of construction and operations. Development and implementation of a Project. Conduct regulatory inspections of lproject specifications for: phase Project Occupational llealth and Safety industrial hygiene program to identify and worksites regarding occupational hcalth - Project medical facilities; Plans that feature specific strategies regarding monitor potential occupational exposure areas and safety matters. - the provision of preventative and the prevention/mitigation of occupational such as:. Review and comment on the Project's responsive healthcare services, exposures. - hazardous/dangerous/toxic materialstorage Occupational Ilcalth and Sarety lplans. including emergency procedures, to. Inclusion of a worker health areas; Project workers; and education/awareness program in the - high noise areas. - industrial hygiene and safety. construction and operations phase Project. Establishment of a epidemiological monitoring Adherence to Project medical practices Occupational I lealth and Safety Plans that program for Project workers to: and established medical treatment features a module regarding the - routinely track clinical data for occupational protocols for snake bites, scorpion stings, prevention/mitigation of occupational exposures diseases in the workforce, and chemical exposures, and other types of to hazardous/dangerous/toxic materials and - detect and evaluate outbreaks of workplacexposure-related situations. snakes, scorpions, and other harmful arthropods, occupational exposure conditions (e.g., heat Proper design and operation of reptiles, and mammals. stress). hazardous/dangerous/toxic materials. Provision of personal protectivequipment. Implementation of a medical surveillance storage areas. (e.g., disposable coveralls, gloves, safety program for workers exposed to high levels of * Establishment of air traffic control plans goggles, respiratory protection devices, hearing noise and/or hazardous/dangerous/toxic for frequency and duration of Project air protection devices) to all workers that is materials. traffic for noise control. appropriate to their specific job requirements as. Periodic reviews and assessments covering * Maintenance of appropriate medical well as training regarding the proper usc and Project safety and industrial hygiene practices supplies at Project medical facilities, e.g., maintenance of this equipment. and programs. anti-venoms, available for snake bite. Establishment of insect/snake control programs.. Establishment and implementation of a "near treatment.. Development and implementation of Project miss" investigation program. Waste Management Plans.. Investigation and review of all reported injuries and occupational illnesses.. Periodic assessment of safety, occupational health, industrial hygiene training records. continued. Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Flealth Topics Page 9

139 Health Topic #6 Occupational Exposures (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS Inspection and assessment of chemical control practices, usage of personal protective equipment, noise control measures, waste management practices, etc. During the construction phase of the Project, COTCO surveillance of: - Contractors' occupational exposures management practices. REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Health Topics Page 10

140 Health Topic #7 Accidents/Injuries I POTENTIAL IMPACTS. TraSc/roadway accidents and injuries. Industrial accidents. PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES Generation of and adherence to Project. I'reparation of construction and operations. Implementation of accident, injury, and "near. Conduct regulatory inspections of lproject specifications for: phase Project Occupational Ilealth and Safety miss" investigation procedures at all Project work sites regarding safety matters. - industrial hygiene and safety; Plans that feature specific strategies regarding work sites and facilities.. Review and comment on the lproject's - Project medical facilities; and the prevention of accidents.. Periodic assessments of safety programs and Occupational I ealtih and Safety l'lans. - the provision of responsive healthcare. Inclusion of a worker health education / training records. services, including emergency awareness program in the construction and. Periodic assessments of vehicular activity data. procedures, to Project workers in the operations phase Project Occupational I lealth. Implementation of a random vehicular safety event of accidents/injuries. and Safety Plans that features a module inspection program. *Incorporation of worker safety devices regarding the prevention of accidents.. Establishment of a monitoring program for (e.g., guards, rails) that meet international. Implementation of Project safety programs that Project workers to: standards into Project facilities. comply with appropriate international standards. - routinely track data for accidents/injuries, *Establishment of appropriate road safety. Provision of special education to workers and signage along Project roadways. regarding safe vehicular, equipment, boating - evaluate possible clustering of *Provision of construction safety signage, and aircraft operation. accidents/injuries. signals, and barricades around all. Provision of personal protective equipment. During the construction phase of the Project, construction areas. (e.g., hard hats, safety boots, safety CO'I'CO surveillance of: glasses/goggles) to all workers that is - Contractors' safety programs. appropriate to their specific job requirements as well as training regarding the proper use and maintenance of this equipment.. Establishment of accident, injury, and near miss investigation procedures.. Implementation of a construction equipment maintenance program.. Implementation of a system to analyze work task risks and define required mitigation measures for that work task (i.e., a "work permit system").. Establishment of emergency response plans and drills. continued Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - Ilealth Topics Page I I

141 Health Topic I#7 Accidents/Injuries (continued) PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES MITIGATION PLANS MONITORING PLANS REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON RESPONSIBILITIES. I'rovision of cross cultural training for all workers.. Informing Project workers that: - alcohol use is not permitteduring work shifls, and - possession of alcohol is prohibited within the confines of Project work sites. c5htcm.doc February 4, :30 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon Chapter 5 Table - hiealth Topics Page 12

142 Chapter 6 Environmental Management Tools 6.0 Introduction This Chapter outlines a number of Environmental Management Tools that are planned for the Project. In most cases, these tools are technical in nature and are primarily intended to assist COTCO environmental professionals and contractors in performing specific tasks. Where appropriate, key activities/studies supporting the synthesis of the Environmental Management Tools presented in this Chapter will be highlighted. 6.1 Public Consultation Plan for Public Project Documents The Environmental Assessment report, this Environmental Management Plan, and the forthcoming Compensation Plan will be subjected to a public review. It is anticipated that this public review will involve the World Bank and impacted and interested parties both within Cameroon and internationally. Following formal submission of the documents to the World Bank by the Republic of Cameroon, the following actions will be undertaken to facilitate their public review:. public announcements will be made concerning the availability of the documents, * copies of the documents will be placed in public places, * copies of the documents will be provided to in-country organizations/groups,. local administrative representatives, communities in areas adjacent to the Cameroon Transportation System, and other key stakeholders will be engaged in a manner that is consistent with previous consultation activities, and. a mechanism by which comments can be submitted for consideration will be defined. The text of this Environmental Management Plan details mitigation measures which the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO have agreed upon and which appropriately address the key Project-related impacts regarding biophysical, socioeconomic, and health topics that were identified in the Environmental Assessment. Comments received during the public review period for the Environmnental Assessment, the Environmental Management Plan, and the Compensation Plan will be synthesized, analyzed, evaluated, and addressed by both the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO. If during this analytical process the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO determine that modifications have to be made to the Environmental Assessment, the Environmental Management Plan, and/or the Compensation Plan, one or supplement(s) will be developed. Supplements of this type, which may include additional information to clarify the existing impacts, mitigation measures, compensation measures, and/or monitoring plans, will be forwarded to the World Bank and made available. Furthermore, if it is agreed by the Republic of Cameroon 6-1

143 Cameroon and COTCO that comments received from interested/impacted parties (including the World Bank) require new or reinforced measures to mitigate direct Projectrelated impacts, the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO will meet to discuss the implementation of these measures. 6.2 Compensation Plan A detailed Compensation Plan will be prepared and implemented to ensure that fair and transparent compensation is made to individuals and households affected by Project land needs and usage. The Republic of Cameroon will acquire all land due in accordance with applicable legislation. Due to the specific nature of the Project and to satisfy World Bank directives, COTCO will provide for a supplemental compensation as presented in Section (see below) under the headings "Private Title Land" and "State Private Property, National Domain Land, and Public Property Used According to Customary Usage". The Compensation Plan will describe: * the organizational responsibilities of the Republic of Cameroon and COTCO regarding compensation matters, * the population to which the Plan applies,. the acquisition process of the land to be allocated to the Cameroon Transportation System,, the procedures that will be used to implement the Compensation Plan,. applicable existing Republic of Cameroon compensation rates,. results and application of mieasures resulting from studies performed to define and address the supplemental compensation,. additional studies that are necessary to complete the supplemental compensation evaluation, - an implementation budget for the Plan, and * the process by which implementation of the Plan will be monitored. The principles on which the Compensation Plan will be based are as follows: Acquisition of Land for the Land Easement Land needed for the Cameroon Transportation System in the form of a Land Easement (except for land in Public Property) will be acquired by expropriation as necessary and incorporated into State Private Property by the Republic of Cameroon and allocated to the Project by decree. The Compensation Plan will describe how land will be acquired by the Republic of Cameroon using the following principles: Private Title Land - Land will be acquired through an expropriation procedure by the Republic of Cameroon. In the case of lands held by virtue of customary tenure under which a land certificate has been issued, the compensation may not exceed the minimum Cameroon 6-2

144 official price of undeveloped lands in the area where the land certificate was issued. In the case of lands held by virtue of a normal transaction under ordinary law or the purchase of State land, compensation shall be equal to the purchase price plus the ancillary costs of the purchase. Compensation shall be monetary, but the Republic of Cameroon may, as it concerns land, replace monetary compensation by compensation of the same kind and of the same value. Agro-Industrial, Mining, and Forestry Concessions - Concessions are on National Domain lands and State Private Property. The regulation granting or allocating these concessions will be modified by the Republic of Cameroon to take into account COTCO's rights on this land. State Private Property - Some customary land use occurs on State Private Property. Significant Project-specific impacts will be mitigated by payment of compensation associated with the customary usage of these lands, not the land itself. (See Section [below] regarding compensation for structures, crops, and other improvements and usage of land.) Significant impacts associated with changes in customarily used and unused State Private Property will be mitigated as follows:. For short-term changes in the Land Easement : Reclamation and freeing up of the land for prior uses by prior users;. For long-term changes in the System Easement : Reclamation and freeing up the land for limited prior usage, except at permanent facility sites. National Domain Land - These lands, many of which are customary use lands, will be incorporated by the Republic of Cameroon into State Private Property by decree. Mitigation of significant impacts associated with the loss of traditionally used and unused lands will be the same as that discussed above for State Private Property land Compensation for Structures. CroRs. and Other Improvements and Usages of the Land for the Land Easement Private Title Land - The Republic of Cameroon will pay for structures, crops, and all other improvements as per applicable Cameroon legislation. Based on survey data, supplementary compensation for the difference between the compensation required under Cameroon legislation and compensation needed to meet World Bank directives will be evaluated. COTCO will perform this evaluation and it will consider: * compensation on the basis of replacement and/or local market value; * changes in market value compared to the official compensation rates of the Republic of Cameroon; and/or Cameroon 6-3

145 . bush and forest products not covered under Republic of Cameroon compensation legal rates related to expropriation. If supplemental compensation is warranted, COTCO will provide for it. Agro-Industrial or Mining Concessions - COTCO, with the participation of the Republic of Cameroon, will negotiate, with the concession holders concerned, the conditions and terms of the release of these lands, including the compensation which will be borne by COTCO. Compensation will be considered fair if the parties are able to reach an agreement. Forestry Concessions - The Republic of Cameroon shall take all measures for making available the land to be used for the work relating to the Cameroon Transportation System in forestry concessions intersected by the Project. The Republic of Cameroon will negotiate, with the participation of COTCO, the compensation for loss of rights by concession holders due to the installation of the Cameroon Transportation System. COTCO's participation in these negotiations will be for the sole purpose of explaining the technical aspects of the Project and the applicable mitigation measures described in this EMP. If after these discussions, it appears that despite these mitigation measures, losses associated with forestry concession rights remain, then compensation will be provided. This compensation will be borne by the Republic of Cameroon and will be negotiated in accordance with applicable Domain and Forestry legislation and the pre-established contractual terms between the Republic of Cameroon and the concession holders. State Private Property, National Domain Land, and Public Property Used According to Customary Usage - This category is for compensation to customary users for customary uses and occupation recognized by Cameroonian legislation only. For these lands, the Compensation Plan will set forth the following principles: The l Republic of Cameroon will pay compensation due under the applicable legislation in force;. Based on survey data, supplementary compensation for the difference between the compensation required under Cameroon legislation and compensation needed to meet World Bank directives will be evaluated. COTCO will perform this evaluation and it will consider: - compensation on the basis of replacement and/or local market value; - changes in market value compared to the compensation paid by the Republic of Cameroon for crops and forest products. If supplemental compensation is warranted, COTCO will provide for it. Compensation made by the Republic of Cameroon will be in cash. COTCO's supplemental compensation will consider cash and/or in-kind, as needed and appropriate. A market survey was completed during the second half of This survey should allow the evaluation of the potential differences between the Republic of Cameroon's Cameroon 6-4

146 compensation rates and local market values. Substitution values for trees and other resources were also evaluated. Additional studies may be needed to evaluate other potential types of compensation. For example, valuations of structures such as hunting camps and animal pens and compensation for the relocation of sacred objects and locations may require study. A study of the Project's potential site-specific socioeconomic impacts will be completed at the proposed fixed facilities' sites and the locations of proposed storage yards. This study, carried out by a socioeconomic specialist, is designed to gather information on potential impacts of permanent land losses on customary land users. Based on results of the study, mitigation measures will be developed to address losses of land uses not addressed under applicable Cameroon legislation. If necesary, measures such as technical assistance will be considered by COTCO in areas where larger blocks of land are needed for construction and operation/maintenance of these facilities Infrastructure The Republic of Cameroon will provide to COTCO in a timely manner and according to the terms defined below, the easements, authorizations and permits necessary to carry out infrastructure improvements and construction works. Infrastructure improvements are defined as: roads, bridges, port and airport facilities as well as landing strips, whether existing or to be built in the Republic of Cameroon, which will be used for the needs of the Project and which are not located within the confines of the land easement. The easements made available to COTCO by the Republic of Cameroon include: a. The existing regulatory road easement established in accordance with Ordinance No of 10 January 1977 amending the provisions of Ordinance No of 6 July 1974 governing the State land regime; b. The regulatory easements necessary for the construction of new road sections, for realignments and detours near populated areas; c. The additional easements necessary for detours to allow for the free flow of traffic outside the regulatory road easements, easements for the work site facilities and borrow pit sites, as well as easements for access to these areas. The eviction, expropriation, release, and compensation with regard to the easements defined in paragraphs a. and b. above will be for the account of the Republic of Cameroon. Cameroon 6-5

147 The easements referred to in paragraph 3. above will be the object of a temporary occupation. The Republic of Cameroon will ensure the actual eviction and release of these easements. Costs, compensation and payments relating to this temporary occupation will be for the account of COTCO. 6.3 Land Easement Environmental Alignment Sheets For the most part, enviromnental mapping associated with the pipeline route has been at a 1:200,000 scale, with terrain maps primarily being utilized. This level of mapping has been sufficient for engineering and environmental planning purposes thusfar, but as the Cameroon Transportation System progresses towards actual construction, more detailed maps of its land easement are preferred. In view of this situation, land easement environmental alignment sheets are under development. Broadly stated, environmental alignment sheets are a series of aerial mosaic photographs that are attached together to represent the entire length of the pipeline route. The representation based on aerial photography is preferable since the contours and relief of the land along the pipeline route are recognizable on the aligmnent sheets. Since key environmental data will be portrayed on the sheets, they will -provide construction field personnel with a graphic summary of important environmental sensitivities and mitigative design measures. 1:30,000 scale aerial photos have already been developed for the entire pipeline route. These photos have been analyzed and interpreted by a qualified air photo interpreter. This interpretation has included a preliminary assessment and notation of important environmnental information and sensitivities on the map sheets obtained from pre-ea- and EA-related surveys. The field-ready draft environmental alignment sheets will be ground-truthed and augmented during the "Centreline Survey" (see Appendix IV for an overview of the "Centreline Survey"). Focused, site-specific biophysical and socioeconomic field studies will also be conducted as part of this study. Information added to the environmental alignment sheets during the "Centreline Survey" will include appropriate site-specific data on:. vegetation,. wildlife,. soils,. watercourse crossings,. land use, and. location of cultural/sacred sites and transhumant pathways. Cameroon 6-6

148 An examnple of a land easement environmental alignment sheet for the Cameroon Transportation System can be found in Appendix V. 6.4 Community Health Outreach Program A cost-effective Community Health Outreach Program primarily directed at addressing some of the public health-related impacts that are extemal to the Project itself will be developed and implemented by COTCO. The Community Health Outreach Program is intended to target selected health issues in communities potentially affected by Project personnel and activities, with efforts being confined to those locations near permanently staffed Project field facilities (i.e., Pump Stations #2 and #3). Potential strategies of the Program include:. behavioural and infomnation, education, and communication (IEC) emphasis versus extensive technical and physical interventions,. culturally acceptable and sustainable interventions,. approaches that build upon and utilize existing organizational structures, whether they be governmental or nongovernmental, and which operate within the guidelines of the Ministry of Public Health's national plan for the decentralization of primary healthcare,. target specific diseases and public health conditions that have impacts on the community, the potential Project work force, and/or the Project's personnel and expatriates,. maximize use of the current healthcare infrastructure/system as the community healthcare provider,. capitalize on the Project's favourable impacts on the overall disease burden, * seek to address health impacts through Project contracting requirements with clear specifications relative to housing, water supply, sanitary services, environmental services, and vector control,. prevent health incidents related to water shortage/contamination by facilitating the installation of water wells in the Project area,. limited direct funding to PVO/NGO programs which are focused on educational and other preventative/curative initiatives that address Project issues, which may include medical prophylactics and other technologically appropriate supplies. It is anticipated that the Project's Community Health Outreach Plan will be developed and evolve over time. Cameroon 6-7

149 6.5 Land Easement Access Management Plan A Land Easement Access Management Plan will be prepared by COTCO in collaboration with the Republic of Cameroon to address potential induced access issues/concerns along the Cameroon Transportation System's route regarding:. impacts on wildlife in specifically identified sensitive areas (i.e., increased potential for poaching of animals),. impacts on vegetation in specifically identified sensitive areas (i.e., opening up of "new" areas to agricultural exploitation, illegal timber harvesting, and/or harvesting of other types of valued vegetation). The Land Easement Access Management Plan will identify particularly sensitive areas intersected by the Cameroon Transportation System and will present actions aimed at limiting incremental human access to these areas. Construction phase and operations phase induced access monitoring programs will also be included in the Plan. Learnings from pre-ea and EA studies together with site-specific data acquired via the above-mentioned Centreline Survey will be utilized to generate the Land Easement Access Management Plan. The Land Easement Access Management Plan will be reviewed periodically during the construction phase of the Project, with updates/changes being incorporated as needed. The Plan will be then evaluated in the Cameroon Transportation System's post-start-up period to make it more suited for the Project's operations phase. 6.6 Waste Management Plans Comprehensive Waste Management Plans will be prepared for the Project's construction and operations phases by COTCO. These plans will be submitted to the Republic of Cameroon for review/comment. Area/contractor-specific waste management plans for major construction activities will also be drafted during the final engineering and design phases of the Project - these plans will be consistent with COTCO's construction phase Waste Management Plan. The Project's Waste Management Plans will address the following topics: * identification and classification of waste types/streams; * avoidance of the use of specific materials and substances in order to reduce or eliminate the hazardous/toxic characteristics of certain wastes;. recycling/reuse guidelines for selected wastes; * disposal requirements for non-recyclable/non-reusable waste types/streams;. handling, transportation, and storage requirements for each major waste type/stream;. locations of waste management facilities (i.e., engineered solid waste landfills, waste incinerators, hazardous/dangerous/toxic waste storage areas/facilities); Cameroon 6-8

150 . design features, operating procedures, and monitoring programs for waste management facilities. The operations phase Waste Management Plan will be reviewed periodically during the life of the Cameroon Transportation System, and updates/changes will be incorporated as needed. 6.7 Oil Spill Response Plan During the Project's construction phase, spill response matters will be addressed by COTCO-approved EPC contractor Spill Response Plans. COTCO will prepare a comprehensive Oil Spill Response Plan for the operations phase of the Project in accordance with Article 53 of the Implementing Decree. This plan will be drafted in collaboration with the Republic of Cameroon during the latter portion of the construction phase of the Project. Key topics addressed by the Plan include: i a three-tiered oil spill response strategy (i.e., local, regional, international) regarding the sourcing of equipment and personnel, * stationing of appropriate oil spill response and clean-up equipment at strategic locations along the Cameroon Transportation System's route and in the vicinity of the marine terminal, e response strategies for the most credible spill scenarios, * spill-related environmental sensitivity mapping, * oil spill clean-up-related waste management procedures, and * regularly scheduled training exercises/drills. Data acquired via pre-ea and EA studies, the above-mentioned Centreline Survey, and construction of the Cameroon Transportation System will be utilized to prepare the Oil Spill Response Plan. Periodic reviews of the Oil Spill Response Plan will be undertaken to keep the Plan current throughout the life of the Cameroon Transportation System. 6.8 Decommissioning Plan A comprehensive Decommissioning Plan will be developed. Although it is not possible to represent the exact contents of the Decommissioning Plan at this time, a brief discussion concerning key decommissioning activities can be found in Chapter 2. Camneroon 6-9

151 chapt6cm.doc February 9, :40 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon 6-10

152 Appendix I List of Individuals Involved With the Preparation of the Environmental Management Plan EMP Editor: Dr. Kelly J. Moynihan, Exxon Production Research Company Houston, TX Republic of Cameroon (Cameroon Party). EBWELE FILS Leroy. BODO ABANDA Ernest. NGABA ZOGO Felix. NDUM Augustine Broh. HALILOU-DICKO Mariamou On behalf of COTCO. Mr. Mel E. Benson * Ms. S. Patricia Cabada * Mr. Myron E. Fedak. Mr. Clayton F. Kaul. Mr. Christian Kovarik. Dr. Kenneth C. Lindemann, M.D. * Ms. Marie-Andree Ngwe Exxon Production Research Company, Houston, TX. Dr. H. Rodger Melton. Dr. Kelly J. Moynihan. Mr. Alan D. Mut Imperial Oil Resources Limited, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Dr. Alan J. Kennedy Independent Socioeconomic Consultants. Dr. Ellen P. Brown, Chevy Chase, MD. Dr. Pandora E. Snethkamp, Houston, TX Cameroon I-I

153 Dames & Moore, Denver, CO. Ms. Marci Z. Balge * Dr. Gary R. Krieger, M.D. Dames & Moore, Houston, TX. Mr. Neil A. Daetwyler. Mr. Dale D. Shileikis Additional Translation Support. Mr. Ulrich S. Sellier * Mr. Paul Salgi applcm.doc February 9, :15 PM Cameroon 1-2

154 Appendix II List of Acronyms Appearing in the Environmental Management Plan AIDS: ANSI: API: ASME: AWWA: BP/SE/H: BS&W: CCS(s): CDC: CF: COTCO: CTF: DFMO: DOTS: DPT: EA: EEPCI: EIS: EMP: EPC: FCFA: FSO: Acquired Immnune Deficiency Syndrome American National Standards Institute American Petroleum Institute American Society of Mechanical Engineers American Water Works Association Biophysical/Socioeconomic/Health Basic Sediment & Water Cameroon/Chad Specification(s) Centers for Disease Control Complement Fixing Antibodies Cameroon Oil Transportation Company, S.A. Central Treating Facility Difluoromethylornithine Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course Diphtheria, Pertussis, & Tetanus Environmental Assessment Esso Exploration and Production Chad Inc. Epidemiologic Information System Environmental Management Plan Engineering, Procurement, and Construction The legal currency of the Republic of Camneroon. (For the purposes of this document, it is assumed that the exchange rate is $1 US = 600 FCFA) Floating Storage and Offloading (Vessel) Cameroon Il-I

155 GIS: GPS(s): HI: HIV: HQ: HP: IFA: INH: JSCP(s): KW: MCP: MMR: Geographical Information System General Project Specification(s) Inhibiting Antibodies Human Immunodeficiency Virus Headquarters Horse Power Immunofluorescent Antibodies Isoniazid Job Specification Coordination Procedure(s) Kilowatt Malaria Control Program Measles, Mumps, & Rubella N: Neutralizing Antibodies NGO: OIMS: OTCC: PMC: PPE: PVO: SCADA: SSS: STD: TB: TOTCO: TOR: WHO: Non-Governmental Organization Operations Integrity Management System Oil Traffic Control Centre Project Management Company Personal Protective Equipment Private Volunteer Organization Surveillance Control and Data Acquisition (System) Sentinel Surveillance System Sexually Transmitted Disease Tuberculosis Tchad Oil Transportation Company, S.A. Termns of Reference World Health Organization app2cm.doc February 8, :20 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon 11-2

156 Appendix III Cameroon Health Risk Matrix The following provides a guide to the information contained in the tables that constitute the Cameroon Health Risk Matrix. Note that where possible, specific citations to pertinent Project-specific documents (see a list below) and/or sections of the * Environmental Assessment are provided for reference purposes. DISEASE/AGENT - the name of the disease along with the name of the organism known to carry the disease (if appropriate) EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS - elements known to aid in investigating, controlling, and preventing the disease Vector Issues specific details related to the agent that carries the disease and the way in which the disease is spread + Reservoir: the environment in which the disease agent lives and grows + Vector: the specific agent that carries the disease + Transmission: the way in which the disease in spread to humans * At Risk Work Population specific details about Project workers that may be affected by the disease + Who: who in the population is likely to be affected by the disease + When: the time of day, time of year, season, or weather conditions in which transmission/acquisition of the disease is highest + Where: the geographic locations where the disease is likely to be a threat + Incidence Prevalence: how often the disease occurs or to what extent the disease is present in the population HUMAN HEALTH RISK (H/M/L) - an estimate of the level of risk to the human population (High/Medium/Low) POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES - possible methods to control or prevent the spread of the disease * Engineering Controls - possible approaches to controlling the disease by way of design features or procedures for construction activities + Housin : descriptions of modifications to or designs for worker accommodations that can control the disease Cameroon Ill- I

157 + Water (Sanitation): design methods for streams, waterways, water collection ponds, stream crossings, and drinking water systems to control the spread of the disease + Roads/Bridges: structural design methods for roads and bridges that can decrease transmission rates for the disease * Administrative Controls - potential administrative measures that, if properly implemented, can reduce the incidence of or prevent the transmission of the disease * Personal Protective Equipment - describes specific personal protective clothing or gear which, if properly used, can reduce the incidence of or prevent the transmission of the disease * Prevention + Primary fl ): activities or programs designed to prevent the occurrence of the disease + Secondary (20): occupational medicine approaches regarding the diagnosis of a -particular disease + Tertim (3': medical treatment measures/approaches that are appropriate once the disease has been diagnosed PROJECT-SPECIFIC DOCUMENTS CITED IN THE CAMEROON HEALTH RISK MATRIX TABLES * Cameroon Environmental Assessment Report (including Appendix D) *Selected General Project Specifications (GPS) - GPS-001 Camps and Facilities - GPS-002 Catering Services - GPS-003 Potable Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution (Temporary) - GPS-010 Health Plan The GPSs listed above can be found in Appendix VI. app3cm'.doc February 7, :30 PM Carneroon Time Cameroon III-2

158 APPENDIX III CAMEROON HEALTH RISK MATRIX DISEASE I EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK] (HtL ) VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PREVENTION RESERVORl VECTOR TR-RM-l-SS0 WHO then WHERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROADSI PREVALENCE (SANITATION) BRIDGES 1 Malaria human mosquito bite of an all year round but entire project hyper-endemic H GPS 001 EA (8.8.3) MCP Evaluate wort schedules to GPO 010 GPS 010 GPS 010 PO01 Anopheles infected significant area; fomer (050%), EA (8.8.3) Malaria Control Program (MCP) minimize peak exposure times gambiae, An. mosquito dning rainy forest, increases from GPS 001 EA (8.8.3) Funestus, season (May - savanna, and May to Oct. Inspection and assessment An. nii Oct.), at night, sahel areas; dunn social bodies of EA Appenodi Malaria Contmol Program (MCP) activifies and wafer with 0. Section while sleeping, vegetation, 46.1 particulady ater prefer shaded sew maps midnight hrabitats, pools, drains, pits 2 all bathing, extremne Nomh, 4% to 49% H GPS 001 Vegetation clearance. Seepage Bridged crossing points. GPS 001 NIA EA (8.8.3) GPS 010 GPS 010 Schistosomiasis water snail fresh water swimming, North, and along Project EA (8.8.3) control. contact (free- crossing water, Adamaoua area EA (8.8.3) Regularly scheduled Inspection and EA (E.8.5) a) schisto a) human swimming wasthing clothes provinces, assessment. manson. cercariae) in Mbdr4 Valley; EA Appendix snail infesfed between 10 am ponds, lakes, D, Section Provide shower facilities and water bodies and 2 PM pipeline water opportunities for workers who are crossings, see maps bused in every day. dudng dry slow moving b) schisto season (Feb. - streams in haematobium b) human March) project area, b) Because of distinct seasonality of b) transmission b) small water transmission and symptomatology peaks in the ponds, (for S. Hematobium) interventiono earty to mid dry impoundments such as health education can be season (Dec.-, pits dug into used effectivefy, e.g. prevention of Jan.); dyver beds. exposure and treatment seeking if symptoms hemauruia occurs. typically begin later in the dry 3. human simulid person to all when near river- entire project endemic H blackfly control Provide adequate water supply for At project area river crossings, remove GPS 001 GPS 001 EA (8.8.3) GPS 010 lvemrecin Onchooerciasis blactrfly penon ia banks. area; work site. Design any spillway river obstmctinons to decrease water tmabent Onchocerca blackny bite hyperendemic some areas screens on strong enough to avoid leaks and velocity and turbulence: EA (8.8.3) EA (8.8.5) annually uohvmjus parasitic after peniod of fies feed in the in Northem hyperendemic. windows and factures, avoid inclined planes on wom parasite moming or late and Central doors spillways - vertical or overhung EA (8.8,5) Abate development afernoon. provinces. EA Appendix spillways are best, discharge into spraying in the blackfly 0. Section EA (8.8.3) deep still pools or smooth channels Inspection and assessment Flight range = 46.2 with low water velocity. Clar river km GPS 001 vegetation. Apply chemical Focal applications Abate treatment to water every 7 days (Temephos) EA (8.8.3) 4 human tsetse fly hrough the all contact with focal M screens and river crossing river crossings Medical surveillance treated PS 010 on site treatment and Trypanosomia. ite of a tsese ector disfnbution traps water collection ponds clothing and diagnosbe follow up of Cameroon 111-3

159 DISEASE I EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK I VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RESERVOIR VEClUR TRANSMISSION WHO WHEN WtHERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROAOSI PREVALENCE (SANITATION) BRIDGES sis trypano-some fy washing sies Inspection and assessment bedding surnedllance tools workers T b parasite end of dry based on GPS 001 villages adjacent to nversaakes (serology and gambienese season presence cf parasitology) pentamidie, G. ealpairs Glossnina E 8 aainoy etmdn species DFMO EA Appendix D, Section Visceral dogs female bie of an all between dusk Extreme North uncommon but L fy control N/A N/A Medical surneillance treated medical lab diagnosis treatment teishmaniasis humans phlebotomine infective and dawn province scattered case clothing and surveillance (Kala Azar) and rodents sand fly phiebotomine reports dog monronng Fly control bedding Elisa test physical cutaneous sand fly, found peaks from associated program EA chemical leishmaniasis in moist areas June to Sept. wth temite EA Appendix Inspection and assessment systemic under stones mounds, have D MCP has crossand in rock 150 meter effectiveness Monitor infecton rate of canine walls. flight range population from breeding sutes 6. Rdt Valley lirestock Aedes mosquito all year round; increases in endemic L animal control animal control NMA Control and careful handling of gloves for food animal Elsa test ribavirin Fever sheep mosqudo bome, increases from crowded living infected animals handlers testing and and cattle generally are transmitted Nov. through conditions High cntrol hghly through April risk: Animal control program infectious contact with abattoirs abattoir blood or tissue mosquno bome inspection of infected (Itonsanimals onarialoans. "cnabcnton (sheep & mission permrts cattle) explosive EA 88.3, outbreahs when 888 the infected eggs hatch following rains) 7. African tick licks (via ixodid ticks tickbome all focally present L treat linen N/A N/A Tick control program treated lindane tetracycline typhus transovar- distnbuted clothing and treatment chloramphen- (Boutonneuse il and GPS 001 Assessment bedding program icol fever / trans- Ricketesia stadial checks cononi transmission EA somie nertebnate 8. Louse bome human body lice transmitted by all year round, poor 4% L personal N/A N/A Inspection and assessment treated lindane microscopy tetracycline and tickbome crushing sanntary hygiene clothing and treatment of fresh blood 500 mg dose, refapsing fever rodents ticks infected lice at condnions, bedding program revealing or Erythro and bite skes shanng clothing wash all laundry spirochete 500 mg dose animals and blankets. at temps of at lice checks spirochetes least 110 F gain access to EA 88.3 I bloodsftream rodent control I Cameroon 111-4

160 DISEASE I EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK I VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RESERVOar 'ECTOR TRasUsOla WHO ; WHEN WhERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROAOSI BRIDGES 1 -- ~ ~~~~~~~~~PREVALENCE F u-(sanitation) 9 Louse borne human body louse eggs are all worh camps endemic L flea control N/A N/A Inspection and assessment treated findane on sie teuacyrninb and flea borne deposited near program clothing and treatment diagnostic typhus rats (flea rat fleas (flea rodent nests, bedding program tots (R. prowazedii borne) borne) Adutts emerge avoid ticks, lice. and R Phil) & Seek blood mtes lice dnechcs visualize meals from ricknettsiae in rodent host anoimal control EA biopsy or When host program tissue dies, fleas GPO 011 specimens seek new hoto malathion or (humans) carbaryl Transmitted spraying of when infective housing loose I flea feces are scratched mbt. the skin or by inhalalion of dried feces in 10 Plague infected oriental rat bite of infected Alt flood season work camp present L flea control N/A N/A Inspection and assessment treated rodent bacteriologic streptomycin IYensinia pestis) rodents flea & human flea or mbbing program diothing and control diagnostic by x010days flea craushed fleas bedding smeariand or their feces rodent control GPS 001 cofumre into skin abrasions. airbome pneunmonic iplague) 11. Bancroftian human many mosquito all at night fresh water EA Appendix L GPS 001 MCP MCP Inspection and assessment MCP mverrnectin filariasis mosquito borne habitats S 0 Section EA 8flt 3 twuchereria species savannas, 4.t 3.1 MCP ai- fti ) I Pools, puddles MCP 12 Loiasis human deerfly, bite of a all dunng rainy southem forest EA Appendmx L GPS 001 MCP MCP Inspection and assessment MCP EA blood sample inermectin (Loa Loa) genus deerty season areas D, Section for parasite and/or ChrysOps MCPI albendazote 13 Arboviral human Aedes by the bite of all aduofs feed on mosqoito endemic L-M reduce MCP MCP Inspection and assessment treated MCP diagnrostic symptomatic feveis wdh anopheles an infected humans during breeds in fresh breeding sitesc dothing and virs lab supportfie human (O-nyong- aedes the day. Will water in insecticides, bedding GPS 010 reservoir: nyong) mosquito. also teed on artificial lanicides detection of dengue fever, mosquno Eggs are laid rats, dogs. containers MCP IFA, Hi, chikungunya, 0- cii moist domestic CF&N nyongynyong * races and animals. Biting GPS 001 anthodes remain viable actiity is for many highest for 2 months after hours after they have sunrise & 2 dried. The hours befere eggs hatch sunset. Aduft Ctmeroon 111-5

161 DISEASE I EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK I VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RESERVOIR VECTOR RANOtrIs1N WHO WHEN WHERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROADS/ PREVALENCE (SANITATION) BRIDGES when flooded. flight range is no more than 100 meters from the breeding snie. 14 Arboviral avian culex by the bre of all at dusk and rural areas present L mosquito diseases wdh (birds) mosqlufo an infected dawn control, bird MCP MCP MCP MCP MCP virus lab symptomatic zoonotic cycles, culex mosquito control Inspection and assessment e.g. West Nile which breeds and Sindbis In standing foul assessment fevers water, containers, GPS 001 cesspools, _d hes 15 Yellow fever human Aedes breeds in fresh all 2 houos after possibility in all EA Appendix H vector control GPS 003 MCP MCP MCP yellow lever diagnostic supportive?monkey aegypti water in sunrise & 2 aeas D, Secfion vamcine isolabon of mosquio artiaical hours before 4 6 S GPS 001 MCP Inspection and assessment mandatlory virus from containefs. sunset for atl serum Eggs ame laid workers on moist Elisa lest surfaces & GPS 001 remain viable for many MCP months after they have dried. Eggs hatch when flooded. Aedes bromeliae breeds In tree holes & leaf axrt, impoitant link in transmission of y.f. from wild monkey populations to humans. Where monkey & human ranges overlap, will feed on both. 16. Eboha unknown unknown?blood bome all disturbing EA Appendix vector contnpe? _ Hemorrhagic fever response plan isolation monkey specific lab supportive marburg,?alrbome habitat, handling 0. Secion 4 7 protective gear avoidance tests hemorrhagic?vector bome ill or dead Bloodbome pathogens control program fevers person to chimpanzees program person patient Fever surveillance program isolation specimen 17 Respiratory human person to all at night, dunng worker -A Appendix H GPS 001 GPS 003 N/A Surveillance plan - remove masks respiratory diagnostic supportive illnesses sereon contac cowded public housing,lic lic 0 Section employees with active disease Iron surveillance Camteroon 111-6

162 DISEASENI EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAN POTENTtAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK I HIRIL) VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RESERvaR VECTOR TRANSMISSO WHO WHEN WHERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROADSE PREALENCE F s(sanitation) BRIDGES and air bome transportation transportation 44 1 EA EA work camp Assessment flu vaccine borne 18 Food human fecal oral all year camp, mealtimes, labor highly endemic H GPS 001 use only potable water in catering N/A inspection system, testing of food food handlers medical quick antibiotics illnesses round, risk local facility. elevated in community EA Appendix constrction prep areas, food source evaluations, food transportation PPE sumeillance diagnosis wamier months D, Section 4.8 and (May- Oct.) maintenaece of specs and assessment, food testing GPS 002 food bonme illness catering EA 8.8,5 investigation facilities procedure 19 human peron to all year round. savanna endemic H GPS 001 N/A N/A EA respiratory respiratory smears of penicillin Meningococoal person / direct increases during proeinceo protective isolatin diplococci, chlalrampheit meningitis contact penrods of dry (North and EA Appendii EA Inspection and assessment equipment isourb rcof airiorne or and cool Extreme D. Section weather North) vaccination isoation direct contact mcreanes in surveillance crowded livnig neisseria conditions meningaidis IIII 20 STDs human sexual all year round all EA Appendix H EA N/A EA 8.84 EA 88.4 condoms medical laboratory supportinve HIV / AIDS transmission D, Section 52 surneiloance, diagnosis medications Inspection and assessment Pmpblood home employment testing. condoms emergency response plan EA Hepatmis B, human Sexual all year round all highly H EA E.84 GPS 00o EA EA cndoms blood bome laboratory C, and D transmission endemic, pathogens diagnosis water testing schedule and Inspection and assessment exopsume inlood borne LA Appendix procedures D, Section 5.1 control plan 22 Snakebite snakebite; land all while present H snake control Assessment ant venom snakes of the conducting field Culubridae, work Elapidae, & Viperidae families Cameroon 111-7

163 DISEASE I EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK / VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RESERVOaR ECTOR NRAN5NISOION WHO WHEN WVHERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROADS/ PREVALENCE (SANITATION) BRIDGES 23. Dermatfis - contact with while present H N/A N/A Assessment poisonous plant conducting field plants worh 24. Scorpions, bie of all while present H MCP N/A N/A Inspection and assessment treated supportive centipedes, centipede, conducting field GPS 001 clothing spiders brown widow work, in work spiders camps 25 Rabies dogs, jackals, animal bies all cuntry wide EA Appendix M animal control N/A N/A Inspection and assessment accmalion diagnosis antibotics. foxes D, Section 4 7 program education ot vacmne work forc (rabies to avoid dog immune contact. fire. globuln and exposure HDCV)a vacwination tetarros for high risk vaccine workers (e.g antmal trappers) J 26. rodents N/A thrroogh all swimming in present M rodent control GPS 003 N/A Inspection and assessment rubber boots education of ELISA peniulin Leptospirosis cmntact with contamninated workers, diagnostic wild water and soil waterer work surtace cntaminated water Rodent control donycycline technogues mammals contaminated exposure to decnramina- once a week dogs with urine of cntaminated lion for highly infected mod exossed animals workers (parasttic milking cows leptospires) 27. toxes, ingestion of all work camp present eliminate dog GP$ 003 NWA Inspection and assessment worker n-nay Echrinococcosis dogs, emrobophores infection, dog educatlon to lab tenting (hrelminthic) small from dog feces feces cteanup Animal control avoid dog mammals contact 28. Anthrax soil N/A slaughtering or all work camp present proper disposal GPS 003 N/A Animal control GPS 002 colture to consuming of contaminated confine f mneat from Carcasses Food tenting anthrracis affected animals, or decontaminatio GPS 002 direc contact n of infected RBailus penicilin Carneroon 111-8

164 . DISEASE / EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERNSTICS HUMAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK I IHI W_L)_ I. VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RCSERVOR VECTOR T1-A55I-SSON No WNHEN WH.ERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROADS/ PREVALENCE (SANITATION) BRIDGES anthracis products Inspection and assessmenl 29. Lassa fever rodent of N/A direct or all January to May northern EA Appendix M H GPS 001 GPS 003 N/A Rodenl control nibavirin diagnoslic nbavinn quite arena virus the genus indirect contact peak season Cameroon D. Section 4.7 may be tools effective i Mastomv wih dust or rodent control Inspection and assessment considered given early food for virns lab contaminated inlensively wrh urine from exposed Elisa test infected individuals, rodents; also such as person to medical person personnel _ 30 Waterborne human N/A food and water all year round, humid areas EA Appendix H flood control GPS 003 food control GPS 001 N/A medical diagnosis treatment illnesses: cntamina- elevated nsk wdh pools of D, Section 4.5 plan surveillance antibiotics typhoid and lion, lecal/oral dunng rainy polluted water water testing schedules and GPS 002 paratyphoid S. Typhi, season procedures immunizalever; cholera, Vibrio cholerae Inspection and assessment tion amebic overcrowded dysentery linig wnoditions 31 Trachorna human N/A person to all present H fly control GPS 003 N/A Inspection and assessment EA 87A4 lab analysis antibiotics person, and moisture GPS 001 medical seeking fies surveillance 32. human N/A person to all public work camps, EA Appendix H GPS 001 N/A N/A EA nespiratory medical x-ray Tuberculosis person, direct transportation, congested D, Section isolation surveillance contact, sleeping, dining areas 44.3 EA Inspection and assessment sputum airborne GPS 002 cuohure INH 33. Leprosy human N/A unknown all close conlact in work camps, present M GPS 001 N/A N/A EA medical muni-dnug living amas congested surveillance therapy areas EA Inspection and assessment earl diagnosis and treatment 34 CCHF - rodents, infected ticks tick bhe or all year round arid savanna GPS 001 MCP MCP MCP GPS 001 nbavinn cnmean congo host - mosquito or fly grasslands probably hemorrhagic large & MCP Inspection and assessment MCP effective tor fever small rodent saliva both vimnses animals, urine all year round M IT started Cameroon 111-9

165 DISEASE I EPIDEMIOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS HUMAN POTENTIAL MITIGATION MEASURES AGENT HEALTH RISK I VECTOR ISSUES AT RISK WORK POPULATION ENGINEERING CONTROLS PREVENTION ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONAL CONTROLS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT RrSERVOIR VECToR ITANSMISSoN vwho WHEN WHERE INCIDENCE HOUSING WATER ROADS/ 1O 2 35 PREVrALENCE (SANITATION) BRIDGES Hantaan vinus wild and early domestic 35. Polio human fecal I oral - all close contact in congested EA Appendix M GPS 001 Education vaccinabton supportive ingestion of living areas areas D the polio virus 36. Guinea human water fleas ingestion of all Extremr North EA Appendix L GPS 001 GPS 003 Inspection and assessment GPS 003 visualiatlon extraction o0 Womr water province D or palpation guinea womn (DnrcunculiasI) containing a of the wonm waler flea (copepod) wih infected larvae app3r.doc Decerhor :30 PM Camneroon

166 Appendix IV Overview of the Cameroon Transportation System's Land Easement Centreline Survey A survey will be undertaken by COTCO along the entire length of the Cameroon Transportation System's route located within Cameroon during the period Fourth Quarter First Half The overriding purpose of this survey, referred to as the "Centreline Survey", is to define the location and widths of the Cameroon Transportation System's easement that will best satisfy the Project's construction, operations, and environmental (i.e., biophysical, socioeconomic, and health) requirements. In keeping with this purpose, the following objectives have been established for the Survey: * verify and assess the provisional coordinates for the Cameroon Transportation System's easement that have been provided to the Republic of Cameroon, with the aim of: - describing the land that is necessary to construct, operate, and maintain the Cameroon Transportation System, and reaching an agreement between all parties regarding the coordinates of the land easements; * more closely define and evaluate environmentally sensitive sites along the route; * obtain additional technical data, especially at the site-specific level, that will permit EPC Contractor(s) to design and construct the Cameroon Transportation System more efficiently, effectively, and economically and to limnit environmental impacts to the extent practical; * communicate Project activities to governing bodies, media, and the public at large in the Project areas; * initiate the Project's land acquisition process; * satisfy the Authorization to Transport by Pipeline (ATP) requirements for the Cameroon Transportation System; and * establish a network of geodetic stations along the route of the Cameroon Transportation System to support the easement acquisition process as well as future surveying activities. On-the-ground information verification and data acquisition activities associated with the Survey will be accomplished via multi-disciplinary teams that will feature representatives from the Republic of Cameroon, COTCO, and contractors. These teams will be supported by teams of Environmental Specialists that will be tasked with collecting additional biophysical and socioeconomic data to: * support the existing environmental mitigation and engineering design process; and * enhance the on-the-ground final route selection decision-making process. Current plans call for Survey teams to start in the south of Cameroon and work towards the north. Cameroon IV-1

167 The work associated with the Centreline Survey has been apportioned into three parcels, namely: * Public Information Program; * Land Easement Survey; and * Biophysical and Socioeconomic Data Gathering. These Survey-related elements are briefly outlined below. Public Information Program A Public Information Program will be conducted in advance of the Centreline Survey's activities. This Program will: * provide information about the overall Project and the Centreline Survey to governing agencies, local communities, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) prior to the survey; * identify and document any issues/concerns raised by parties; O engage local administrations in support of the Survey's objectives, and D identify ongoing information/participation requirements of the Republic of Cameroon, communities along the Cameroon Transportation System's proposed route, and NGOs. This programn will continue for several months. Land Easement Survey The Land Easement Survey component of the Centreline Survey will: o obtain additional technical and environmental data to address known impacts; * verify the suitability of the initial land coordinates submitted to the Republic of Cameroon; - make adjustments to the Cameroon Transportation System's route where justified based on site-specific engineering and/or enviromnental findings; * establish coordinates for the land that will be required for the construction, operation, and maintenance of the Cameroon Transportation System; and * establish a Pipeline Geodetic Network (PGN) in Cameroon, which includes locating and setting in-place new surveying monuments. The following data will be collected/generated as part of the Land Easement Survey process: * location-specific widths of the required construction phase land easement; * coordinates for the Cameroon Transportation System's route and its ancillary sites, with ties to new monuments and/or existing coordinate systems/monuments; * location of the Cameroon Transportation System at river crossings, road crossings, and railroad crossings; Cameroon IV-2

168 * general biophysical and socioeconomic observations along the Cameroon Transportation System's route (e.g., types and abundance of vegetation, locations of land being actively farmed, crops being grown, transhumant pathways) * plot plans and site topography for the locations of the Cameroon Transportation System's Pump Stations #2 and #3, the pressure reducing station, storage yards, remote telecommunications sites, access roads, and solid waste landfills. Detailed field notes/descriptions generated by the survey crews will be supplemented by video and photographs as appropriate. Biophysical and Socioeconomic Information Gathering As mentioned above, teams of environmental specialists will support the Land Easement Survey crews. These teams will: * evaluate pre-identified environmentally sensitive areas; * assess areas newly identified during the Survey with the aim of determining the overall acceptability of the proposed route; and * provide specialized expertise and troubleshooting on an as needed/requested basis. Objectives for the environmental data gathering effort include: * Data collection in what are considered to be relatively sensitive areas in Cameroon. For the Mbere Rift Valley, data gathering will be conducted along the proposed pipeline route to assess the need for additional mitigation measures. An alternative route will also be evaluated. * Review of wildlife and vegetation habitats to provide information for environmental management and possible small-scale (within land easement) route adjustments. * General and specific ground-truthing of the mapping conducted for the Project thusfar. * Development of environmental alignment sheets within the pipeline route utilizing the data gathered during the surveys. The alignment sheets will contain site-specific and representative information regarding resource occurrence and environmental management requirements. An example of an alignment sheet envisioned for the Project can be found in Appendix V. Specific biophysical survey areas in Cameroon were selected in view of the objectives described above. The areas to be surveyed and the surveys to be performed include: * Kribi coast: collect information on vegetation, wildlife, and fish in coastal habitats, including creeks, estuaries, mangroves, and beaches. * Bipindi area: collect information on vegetation, wildlife, and fish at the Lokundje River, nearby creeks, and other habitats. * Nyong River near Akone: collect information on vegetation, wildlife, and fish at the Nyong River, nearby creeks, and other habitats. Cameroon IV-3

169 * Nanga Eboko - Belabo area: surveys of fish in tributaries of the Sanaga River and creeks near Nanga Eboko and Belabo; collect wildlife and vegetation data along the pipeline route. * Lom - Mararaba area: survey of fish at the Lom River, and possibly the nearby Sanaga River; and a detailed large mammal/vegetation survey. * Mba River near Mabele: fish survey. * Mbere River: fish survey of an Mbere tributary and the Mb6re River; detailed survey of large mammals and vegetation in the Mbere Rift Valley; and wildlife interviews with villagers along the road north of the valley. Socioeconomic data will also be collected to address a set of criteria for evaluating the acceptability of the Cameroon Transportation System's easement Types of data to be collected through local interviews will include: * Ethnic groups; * Village names; * Current land use; * Existing infrastructure; * Locations of sacred sites, graves, archaeological sites, etc.; * Cultivation; o Concession boundaries/owners/operators; * Plantation boundaries/owners. app4cm.doc Febmary 8, :50 PM Camerwn Time Cameroon IV-4

170 Appendix V Sample Land Easement Environmental Alignment Sheet (Hypothetical Example) Environmental aligmment sheets are being produced to assist in the environmental management of the Cameroon Transportation System during its construction and operation/maintenance. Field surveys are being conducted to collect data to be used in developing environmental management requirements for site-specific or general application. The environmental management requirements and associated survey information is depicted directly on 1:30,000 scale air photos of the Cameroon Transportation System's land easement (at the top of each sheet), and included in corresponding descriptive information which appears below the photo. General categories of information include: * Environmental management requirements; * Features along the Cameroon Transportation System's route, such as existing roads and rivers; * Distances along the route; and * Occurrence of environmental resources. Information which corresponds to locations (where applicable) or areas along the land easement appears in the following categories: Enviromnental Management Requirements Environmental management requirements developed for site-specific or general application along the land easement, include but are not limnited to: * Access control measures, such as, use of rock or natural barriers; * Erosion and sedimentation control measures; * Timber salvage requirements; - Reclamation measures; * Vegetation/wildlife protection measures; and * Fisheries protection measures, for sensitive, migrating, or commercially important species. Soils and Ve2etation Vegetation types as identified during field surveys and by photo-interpretation; * Special vegetation resources, including identified rare/endangered plants and timber resources; * Locations of botanical surveys; and * Eroding/unstable soils Cameroon V-1

171 Wildlife * Habitats identified from field surveys and photo-interpretation; * Observations of wildlife and wildlife signs; and * Locations of wildlife surveys. Fisheries and River Crossings * Width/depth watercourse categories, as observed during field surveys; * Occurrence of sensitive or commercially important fish species, as identified from field surveys and interviews with local villagers; and * Locations or field surveys. Socioeconomic Matters * Current and historic land use, as determined during field and other surveys and analyses; * Locations of known transhumant pathways; and * Locations of sacred/culturalanthropological/paleontological sites, as determined during field and other surveys. app5cm.doc Febnrary 7, :00 PM Cameroon Time Cameroon V-2

172 I I a~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *R0t-_, -o I - - I I 1. _.e moof - 0 f EN N-- AD. I.. t.---f D r 0-1 '0 ' 8 '- -0X t'- -=' '' 0 0= f --- { I tni.. SIOOR "LE LFVR 3~~~~~EEAIO.T DPHCTCOY A SS ONRO REAWT tiemaue ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ;;., cm-~~~ AJ * ;. ' 1 U t~~ - g j- * -- - ; _ * 1- - ENVIRONMENTAL A LIGNMENT SHEET- MAPPING PHOTO-INTERPRETATION DATA FIELD DATA ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT VECETATION LANO USE CLASSFICAOO RIVER OCYR /OEPTh CATEGORY ACCESS CONTROL REOIME~UETS VECETATIOR I WEVl_iE UEASURES q IkLl';>82s ;. t,t,,,,w1 ~~~~~~~~~~~FS F6ERES RESOURCES CATEGORY RECLAMATION. f.shiis11s SA0UrsU t St C ''98'. U U Nlx.s'4ch 1il ts ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FISAEROS UJEASURPES STROlLS ~ ~,1r 11 L:E N.e ORGR TATFOR,I 0. Oero t [- - ozoawtt - o,a- 4 N - l,,, APPENDIX. V SAM4PLE LAND EASEMENT -^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TERE RArTOS m1o. DO.IR N Ro (R 00 r0d0 _0VOL AS OTED 7D MOSI-D O 1 OF IHr rosye