Marco Arnesano. Università Politecnica delle Marche Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche. Marco Ecomondo 2014, Rimini, 06.

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1 Marco Arnesano Università Politecnica delle Marche Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e Scienze Matematiche 1

2 THE MONITORING OF INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND COMFORT: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE PROJECT CETIEB OUTLINE / AGENDA CETIEB project overview Technologies for the IAQ monitoring and control Testing and validation in a controlled environment Demonstration in real case Indoor environment quality cluster Conclusions 2

3 Cost-Effective Tools for Better Indoor Environment in Retrofitted Energy Efficient Buildings CETIEB Key facts Project No.: Total budget: 3.6 million Euro (funding 2.5 million + 130,000 Taiwan) Start date: 1st October 2011 Duration: 36 months Coordinator: Dr. Jürgen Frick Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart Homepage: Co-workers Jurgen Frick, Manuela Reichert, Günter Baumbach, Shuyang Song, Adolf Neuwirth (USTUTT) Markus Krüger (TTI TGU Smartmote) Katrin Schmitt, Jochen Huber (Fraunhofer IPM) Martin Ebermann (Infratec) Luc Pockelé (RED) Ariane Khanlou, Antonia Ekonomakou (S & B), Johann Balau (Schwenk) Carmine Pascale, Francesco De Falco (Consorzio TRE) Roberto Landò, Umberto Battista (STAM) Jay Stuart (DWE) Marco Arnesano, Filippo Pietroni (UNIVPM) 3

4 CETIEB project overview In future: Increase of energy efficient buildings If retrofitted, change of indoor environment Tight building envelope and insulation Low air exchange or HVAC systems Use of new materials with potential of emissions Influence on health and comfort Need Sick building syndrome for assessment of indoor environments for improvement for cost-effectiveness 4

5 CETIEB project overview Development of tools to assess and improve indoor environments Monitoring with advanced sensors VOC, light spectra, thermal comfort Active control intelligent control platforms and methodologies for HVAC, lighting, and plant based air quality control Passive systems based on advanced materials Lightweight mineral insulation plasters with photo catalytic and thermal storage abilities Cost-effectiveness Wireless monitoring based on low cost solutions (MEMS) Adapted solutions for different markets based on the same system End-users, experts, facility managers Effective use of active materials Focus: Retrofitted energy efficient buildings 5

6 Wireless sensor platform Principle sketch of a monitoring system in use Small, lightweight Low cost system Wireless, autonomous (portable) Flexible sensor use Open for new sensor integration Data exchange for analysis tools 6

7 Spectroscopic VOC sensor Based on Infrared absorption spectroscopy Transmittance spectra of Acetaldehyde (C 2 H 4 O ) 101.0% 100.5% 100.0% Transmitance 99.5% 50 ppm 40 ppm 30 ppm 99.0% 20 ppm 10 ppm 98.5% Wavelength [nm] Sensor set-up thermal IR-emitter, pulsed long path Results LOD (limit of detection) down to 5 ppm tested with methane and acetaldehyde 7

8 Filterphotometer CO2 Based on Infrared absorption sensor System set-up Based on the concept of filterphotometry, Results Accuracy ±50 ppm Measurement range from ppm (0-2%) 8

9 Thermal comfort: Comfort Eye The IR system together with embedded algorithms allow the realtime spatial measurement of thermal comfort index PMV (Predictive Mean Vote) for indoor environments 9

10 Thermal comfort: Comfort Eye 10

11 Thermal comfort: Comfort The system has been tested and validated in a real environment Eye Single-point comparison Good performances, with a cost reduction of 1/10 the microclimate station 11

12 Indoor air quality control Optimal operational methodologies and control algorithms for lighting, HVAC systems, and plant based air quality control Intelligent control platforms able to implement operation methods and control algorithms (Consorzio TRE) Modelling of indoor environment Assessment and validation of monitored data to optimise control parameters and systems 12

13 Indoor air quality control Development of control strategies and algorithms to optimize IAQ Indoor Air Quality PMV Predicted Mean Vote Energy consumption in order to ensure thermal comfort inside the building and energy efficiency 13

14 Indoor air quality control Bio-filtration is the use of microbes to remove or neutralize contaminants Phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove or neutralize contaminants. Air BioFilter uses microbes living on the roots of selected plants to remove VOC s and other pollutants from the air. Improves IAQ and reduces the energy needed to ventilate a building. Can be integrated into HVAC system of a building. Portable unit fits through a door and can be used anywhere. An air bio-filter is able to reduce make-up supply air by up to 60% 2m2 of bio-filter is required for 200m2 of floor area Control algorithms for an HVAC system connected to an air bio-filter or stand alone solution 14

15 Testing and validation in a controlled environment: Two rooms in a controlled building were used to assess the advanced control integrated with the Comfort Eye monitoring of thermal comfort monitoring + control HVAC control based on Comfort Eye PMV Traditional thermostat control 15

16 Testing and validation in a controlled No PMV in test room environment: monitoring + control PMV algorithm working on test room 15% ENERGY SAVING Thermal comfort deviation between TR and RR I [W/m2] PMV Indoor direct solar radiation is greatly reduced 1-point scale improvement in the thermal comfort 16

17 Testing and validation in a controlled No PMV in test room environment: monitoring + control PMV algorithm working on test room 15% ENERGY SAVING CO2 level reduced 17

18 Demonstration in real case: School demo at Madrid (ES): monitoring in a school (1) CLASSROOM The school El Porvenir in Madrid was used to assess the indoor comfort after a deep retrofit of the building 18

19 Demonstration in real case: School demo at Madrid (ES): monitoring in a school (1) CLASSROOM The thermal comfort was measured for 5 positions inside the room considering also the different profile of the teacher and the students. The real time data acquired during the measurement campaign were processed to evaluate the building performance during three months Student profile Teacher profile Days with % of days % of days Month Days PMV Days PMV Days PMV PMV outside PMV PMV within ±0.5 within ±0.5 outside ±0.5 ±0.5 within ±0.5 within ±0.5 September % % October % % November % % 19

20 Demonstration in real case: School demo at Ohringen (DE): monitoring in a school (2) CLASSROOMS Tr and PMV computed for 5 different positions T: teacher 1-4: students (student 1 is near the windows, student 4 is far from them) Doors Windows 20

21 Demonstration in real case: School demo at Ohringen (DE): monitoring in a school (2) Thermal Comfort Metabolic rate profiles: Teacher T 1.6 met Students T 1.2 met Clothing level profiles: 1 clo SLIGTH SARM S teacher NEUTRAL S students Getting far from windows. 21

22 Demonstration in real case: School demo at Ohringen (DE): Air monitoring in a school (2) Quality High level of CO2 during occupied hours with students The building is a passive one, high thermal inertia and low energy losses. In this case the high energy efficiency objective was achieved, but not the indoor air quality. A better ventilation is required to provide the needed environmental quality 22

23 Indoor environment quality cluster Contribution of research topics from the Indoor Environment Quality sector to: Renaturing Cities: Addressing Environmental Challenges and the Effects of the Economic Crisis through Nature-based Solutions Materials& technologies for improved Indoor Environment Quality within EU Horizon 2020 Next IEQ cluster meeting Meeting of Action TD1105 EuNetAir in Istanbul 3rd-5th December Focus: Indoor Environment Applications Roadmap for IEQ in H

24 Concluding remarks Development of a set of tools within the CETIEB project for an improved building retrofit Modular monitoring technologies to evaluate indoor air quality and comfort Active control using algorithms to balance natural and mechanical ventilation, indoor air quality and thermal comfort Testing in controlled environment Integration of monitoring and control technologies Improvement of the thermal comfort and air quality Up to 15% of energy saving with respect to the typical thermostat control Application in real cases Monitoring of thermal comfort in a retrofitted school classroom Monitoring of a passive buildings to assess the indoor environmental quality Clustering activity for a contribution to the research topics at EU level 24

25 Concluding remarks Thanks for your kind attention! Q&A? 25