Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat

Transcription

1 Climate, Cladding & Conditioning Systems (One Size Fits All?) Robert Bolin, PE, LEED Fellow, ASHRAE HBDP Syska Hennessy Group Russell Gilchrist, RIBA Gensler

2 Climate, Cladding & Conditioning Systems (One Size Fits All?)

3 Climate, Cladding & Conditioning Systems?H

4 High performance façade systemsh

5 External shading systemsh

6 External ventilated facade systemsh

7 Internally Ventilated façade systemsh

8 DENVER MEXICO CHICAGO QUEBEC MADRID CAIRO MOSCOW RIYADH MUMBAI BEIJING SHANGHAI TAIPEI

9 s g in d l i u B t l l a t a i b T a n H o l n i c rba n u U o C nd a DENVER MEXICO CHICAGO QUEBEC MADRID CAIRO MOSCOW RIYADH MUMBAI BEIJING SHANGHAI TAIPEI COOL+DRY WARM+DRY COOL+HUMID VERY-COLD MIXED+DRY HOT+DRY COLD VERY-HOT+DRY VERY-HOT+HUMID MIXED+HUMID WARM+HUMID HOT+HUMID

10 ASHRAE CLIMATE ZONE 5B 3B 5A 7 4B 2B 6 1B 1A 4A 3A 2A I. DIVERSE INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIES DENVER MEXICO CHICAGO QUEBEC MADRID CAIRO MOSCOW RIYADH MUMBAI BEIJING SHANGHAI TAIPEI COOL+DRY WARM+DRY COOL+HUMID VERY-COLD MIXED+DRY HOT+DRY COLD VERY-HOT+DRY VERY-HOT+HUMID MIXED+HUMID WARM+HUMID HOT+HUMID

11 ASHRAE CLIMATE ZONE 5B 3B 5A 7 4B 2B 6 1B 1A 4A 3A 2A I. DIVERSE INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIES II. MULTITUDE OF ENVELOPE AND SHADING SYSTEMS DENVER MEXICO CHICAGO QUEBEC MADRID CAIRO MOSCOW RIYADH MUMBAI BEIJING SHANGHAI TAIPEI COOL+DRY WARM+DRY COOL+HUMID VERY-COLD MIXED+DRY HOT+DRY COLD VERY-HOT+DRY VERY-HOT+HUMID MIXED+HUMID WARM+HUMID HOT+HUMID

12 ASHRAE CLIMATE ZONE 5B 3B 5A 7 4B 2B 6 1B 1A 4A 3A 2A I. DIVERSE INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIES II. MULTITUDE OF ENVELOPE AND SHADING SYSTEMS III. INTERACTION WITH BUILDING HVAC SYSTEMS DENVER MEXICO CHICAGO QUEBEC MADRID CAIRO MOSCOW RIYADH MUMBAI BEIJING SHANGHAI TAIPEI COOL+DRY WARM+DRY COOL+HUMID VERY-COLD MIXED+DRY HOT+DRY COLD VERY-HOT+DRY VERY-HOT+HUMID MIXED+HUMID WARM+HUMID HOT+HUMID

13 ENERGY SIMULATION TO DETERMINE IF CORRELATIONS EXIST BETWEEN: I. DIVERSE INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATION OF CITIES II. MULTITUDE OF ENVELOPE AND SHADING SYSTEMS III. INTERACTION WITH BUILDING HVAC SYSTEMS WINDOW TO WALL RATIO MASSING ALTERNATIVES GLAZING ALTERNATIVES HVAC ALTERNATIVES

14 METHODOLOGY

15 METHODOLOGY s g in d l i u B t l l a t a i b T a n H o l n i c rba n u U o C nd a

16 ADJUSTED BASELINE CLIMATE DEPENDENT GLASS OVERHEAD VAV

17 ALTERNATE ENVELOPE CONFIGURATIONS INSULATED GLAZING UNITS

18 ALTERNATE ENVELOPE CONFIGURATIONS EXTERIOR SHADING

19 ALTERNATE ENVELOPE CONFIGURATIONS VENTILATED CURTAINWALL

20 ALTERNATE HVAC SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS OVERHEAD VAV

21 ALTERNATE HVAC SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS UNDERFLOOR VAV

22 ALTERNATE HVAC SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS CHILLED BEAMS

23 RESULTS

24 ENERGY USE INTENSITY SITE VERSUS SOURCE

25 BUILDING MASSING STUDY ANNUAL SOURCE ENERGY INTENSITY Orientation Square Orientation E-W Orientation N-S kwh/m 2 /yr kbtu/ft 2 /yr

26 ALTERNATIVE HVAC SYSTEM STUDY WITH BASELINE ENVELOPE ANNUAL SOURCE ENERGY INTENSITY VAV + Baseline UFAD + Baseline CB + Baseline kwh/m 2 /yr kbtu/ft 2 /yr

27 ALTERNATIVE HVAC SYSTEM STUDY WITH VENTILATED CURTAINWALL ANNUAL SOURCE ENERGY INTENSITY VAV + Ventilated CW UFAD + Ventilated CW CB + Ventilated CW kwh/m 2 /yr kbtu/ft 2 /yr

28 ALTERNATIVE ENVELOPE STUDY WITH OVERHEAD VAV SYSTEM ANNUAL SOURCE ENERGY INTENSITY VAV + IGU 1 VAV + IGU 2 VAV + IGU 3 VAV + IGU 4 VAV + IGU 5 VAV + IGU 6 kwh/m 2 /yr kbtu/ft 2 /yr

29 ALTERNATIVE ENVELOPE STUDY WITH UNDERFLOOR VAV SYSTEM ANNUAL SOURCE ENERGY INTENSITY UFAD + IGU 1 UFAD + IGU 2 UFAD + IGU 3 UFAD + IGU 4 UFAD + IGU 5 UFAD + IGU 6 kwh/m 2 /yr kbtu/ft 2 /yr

30 ALTERNATIVE ENVELOPE STUDY WITH CHILLED BEAM SYSTEM ANNUAL SOURCE ENERGY INTENSITY CB + IGU 1 CB + IGU 2 CB + IGU 3 CB + IGU 4 CB + IGU 5 CB + IGU 6 kwh/m 2 /yr kbtu/ft 2 /yr

31 CONCLUSIONS The required SHGC in hot climates is significantly low at An improved envelope would need to utilize heavily tinted or fritted glass Triple glazing performs well in both hot and cold climates, but its improvement is much more significant in cold climates such as Moscow

32 CONCLUSIONS The required SHGC in hot climates is significantly low at An improved envelope would need to utilize heavily tinted or fritted glass Triple glazing performs well in both hot and cold climates, but its improvement is much more significant in cold climates such as Moscow Ventilated cavity walls perform the best given their improved U-factor, SHGC and opportunity for incorporating active shading systems The use of external shading consistently improves the envelope energy performance in general, but may not be practical to incorporate

33 CONCLUSIONS The required SHGC in hot climates is significantly low at An improved envelope would need to utilize heavily tinted or fritted glass Triple glazing performs well in both hot and cold climates, but its improvement is much more significant in cold climates such as Moscow Ventilated cavity walls perform the best given their improved U-factor, SHGC and opportunity for incorporating active shading systems The use of external shading consistently improves the envelope energy performance in general, but may not be practical to incorporate UFAD generally performs the best amongst the systems modeled, especially in mild and cooler climates with reasonable wet bulb temperatures The combination of ventilated cavity wall envelope with an under floor air distribution HVAC system consistently performed the best

34 Climate, Cladding & Conditioning Systems (One Size Fits All?) Robert Bolin, PE, LEED Fellow, ASHRAE HBDP Syska Hennessy Group Russell Gilchrist, RIBA Gensler