Biomass District Heating New Build & Retrofit

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Cora Patterson
6 years ago
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1 Biomass District Heating New Build & Retrofit District Heating Seminar Dorset County Council 13 th Oct

Biomass heat market Heat is responsible for 47% of UK s C02 emissions Potential UK biomass heat market (RES Strategy): Space/water heat in buildings Process Heating Up to 8% of heat (38Twh) by 2020

2 Biomass heat market Heat is responsible for 47% of UK s C02 emissions Potential UK biomass heat market (RES Strategy): Space/water heat in buildings Process Heating Up to 8% of heat (38Twh) by 2020 Renewable Heat Incentive from April 2011 #2 potential after wind Market becoming mainstream Specialist suppliers Traditional boiler suppliers Utilities Substantial fuel sources UK forestry, waste wood Energy crops from UK agriculture Substantial pellet import potential Mature technology Biomass Heating: Carbon Neutral Cycle As trees grow they absorb CO2 During photosynthesis the tree stores carbon in their woody tissues & O2 is released into the atmosphere At harvest wood fuel is transported to the heat or power generating plant As wood is burnt the carbon stored combines with O2 to form the same amount of CO2

Econergy Ltd: The Company UK s premier biomass heating supplier Founded 1999 > 350 projects sold to date Approx 70 schools & colleges 13% of UK installed base 10KW to 2MW 2009 investment by British

3 Econergy Ltd: The Company UK s premier biomass heating supplier Founded 1999 > 350 projects sold to date Approx 70 schools & colleges 13% of UK installed base 10KW to 2MW 2009 investment by British Gas Biomass energy turnkey solution design & supply district heating biomass heat supply - sell metered heat Leading supplier to public sector council offices, schools, social housing, universities, leisure centres, hospitals, care homes, education centres etc. Delivering direct & via network of partners Retrofit energy centre: 300 flats, 6 blocks Sheffield Homes New Biomass energy centre: 97 houses

4 Econergy Customers include: Bold: district heating included in at least one of the sites End Customers National Trust (x10) Barnsley MBC (x8) Bristol Council (x2 + 4) Forestry Commission (x6) Sheffield Homes (x4) S. Lanarkshire Council (x4) Suffolk Council (x4) Earl of Ronaldshay (x4) Worcestershire Council (x4) Bradford Council (x3) Duchy of Cornwall (x3) Doncaster Council (x2) Kent County Council (x2) Kevin McCloud Foreign & Commonwealth Office Royal Cornwall NHS Trust National Star College South Shropshire Housing Bromford Corinthia Housing Birtley House Care Home Bowood Estate & Golf Club Marks & Spencer Bradford University University of Cambridge Berkshire College of Agriculture Telford & Wrekin Council Maidstone Council Royal Victoria Hospital Islington Borough Council Finchley Borough Council Co-operative Group Wessex Water RSPB Contractors NG Bailey Sir Robert McAlpine Lorne Stewart Dodd Group Kier Group Skanska Bovis Balfour Beatty Crown House Mitie Haydon Young Crest Nicolson Briggs & Forrestor Warings T Clarke Interserve Inviron

5 Biomass heating system - design considerations What is the customer s objective(s)? CO2 reduction, fuel cost reduction, meet building/planning regs. Peak heat loss, profile and physical distribution of buildings Wood fuel selection & logistics Fuel type, availability & price v. boiler specification Wood fuel delivery vehicle v. fuel store design Space & access for biomass boiler plant Fuel delivery, receipt, storage options & delivery vehicle needs New build v. Retrofit Capital cost v. fuel & operating supply cost Planning issues (visual, air quality, noise, traffic.) Hydraulics & controls philosophy

Which fuel type? Wood chip Wood pellet Logs Heat cost: 1.

generally simpler & cheaper Heat cost: 1-4p/KWh 15 to 70KW Easy to handle Known & existing supply chain Can produce from small scale wood

6 Which fuel type? Wood chip Wood pellet Logs Heat cost: 1.5-3p/KWh 10KW to 10MW Low energy density (600KWh/m3) Automatic feed for 24x7 hour operation Medium /large scale operation is most economic Heat cost: 3-4.5p/KWh 10KW to 1000KW High energy density (3450KWh/m3) Can transport long distances Fuel flows Fuel delivered by blower fuel store generally simpler & cheaper Heat cost: 1-4p/KWh 15 to 70KW Easy to handle Known & existing supply chain Can produce from small scale wood land Considerations Need local supplier Quality can be variable Fuel reception design is key & can be expensive Fuel does not flow & is difficult to handle Considerations Pellet quality is critical Cost Need large scale production to keep costs down Unlikely to be local Considerations Need to load manually at least once per day Only suitable for small scale

7 Wood Chip Supply Chain - local jobs & fuel security from tree surgeon or forest via chipping & storage to low carbon heat

8 Wood fuel delivery: Capital cost v. fuel supply cost 1) Underground Bunker (Chip) 2) Blown delivery (Pellet/Chip) 3) Scissor lift trailer (Chip) 4) Hook lift bin (Chip)

9 (1) New Development: Typical District Heating Objectives Reduce heat demand Affordable & reliable heat Reduce CO2 emissions Meeting Planning, Building Regulations, Code for Sustainable Homes, BREEAM etc. Meeting emissions requirements (PM10s & NOX) Maximise available space within dwellings Ease of maintenance (minimise work in home) Safety (e.g. gas leaks, CO poisoning), comfort and convenience for customers

biomass boiler and 2 standby gas boilers with excavated

10 A typical boiler house Carwood Close community heating energy centre serving 97 properties, including 320 kw biomass boiler and 2 standby gas boilers with excavated bunker for tipped deliveries. Econergy turnkey installation.

11 Underground heat mains Very low heat losses circa 10 Watts per meter Long life maintenance free buried installation Single and twin plastic underground heat main A fusion welded tee joint being made

12 Domestic heat interface units Typical Heat Interface Units; direct heating with hot water heat exchanger (left), complete twin heat exchanger for heating and instantaneous hot water (centre), typical casing (right).

Interface units incorporate a heat meter, heat exchanger and pressure balancing valves 615,000 kwh per

13 New Build District Heating (2008): Rocks Green, Ludlow SSHA Rocks Green - 91 houses Two 150kW fully automatic KWB biomass boilers Twin 200kW standby oil boiler and tank 1,200 metres of twin underground pipe Interface units incorporate a heat meter, heat exchanger and pressure balancing valves 615,000 kwh per annum planned heat delivered Just over 200 tonnes of wood fuel per annum Saving 120 tonnes of CO2 p.a. based on gas

14 Rock s Green

(2) Biomass District Heating Retrofit Plant Room Sheffield Road Flats, Barnsley:

Commissioned 1Q2005 High load factor for wood fuel boilers, gas back-up Serving 3

4million KWhs/annum of biomass heat delivered in 2007 (virtually no gas used) 500

15 (2) Biomass District Heating Retrofit Plant Room Sheffield Road Flats, Barnsley: Community district heating for 3 tower blocks (147 units) 470KW (150KW + 320KW) Commissioned 1Q2005 High load factor for wood fuel boilers, gas back-up Serving 3 plant rooms Energy services contract Econergy in 5 th year 1.4million KWhs/annum of biomass heat delivered in 2007 (virtually no gas used) 500 tonnes of wood chip 240 tonnes of CO2 saved pa Substantial cost reduction via demand management (prepayment heat meters in flats)

Underground 4m x 7m x 3m scaper floor fuel bunker 2 x 400kW back-up oil boilers All plant room equipment 1.

16 (3) Existing buildings, new plant room & underground heating mains National Star College, Nr Cheltenham Special Needs College New build energy centre for mission critical heat 24 x 7 x 365 Supplying 14 buildings Turnkey M&E design & supply kW wood chip boilers Underground 4m x 7m x 3m scaper floor fuel bunker 2 x 400kW back-up oil boilers All plant room equipment 1.6 km underground htg main 14 local interfaces replacing 20 oil boilers (13 direct, 1 via heat exchanger) 3 x 5,000 litre buffer tanks (central heat stores) Return 65 DegC; Flow 70 to 85 DegC

17 Heat Mains Network. Energy Centre

Local Commercial Interfaces The largest interface on

18 Local Commercial Interfaces The largest interface on the campus is within the Manor. The existing boilers provided heat to the Manor, Wilson Court residential block and Creative Arts Building. Now 315kW heat exchanger services the duty requirements. Heat Exchanger connects to the original system on the existing flanges

19 Local Domestic Interface Schematic Layout

20 Hydraulic Scraper Floor Fuel System.

21 Hydraulic Scraper Floor Fuel System. Operation Fuel is delivered by a large tipping trailer into the excavated bunker of 120m³ total volume (estimated 80m³ working volume) Fuel is automatically extracted and transferred to the ground level boilers by a hydraulic scraper floor system and fuel transfer augers. Expected fuel delivery frequency could be up to 3 deliveries of 50m³ per week in cold weather, less in milder conditions. Annually the boiler would use approximately 1,200 tonnes of wood chip at 30% moisture content to supply an estimated 90% of the projected year-round heating requirement.

. Lord Hunt, DECC, April 2009 Current support mechanisms: Planning Policy Code for Sustainable Housing Grants: BCGS, LCBP ECA s Energy Efficiency

22 Support for Biomass Heat 15% renewable heat by 2020, 8% biomass: To meet the 2020 targets for renewable energy, the UK needs to increase very substantially the amount of renewable heat generated, and biomass heat is one of the key technologies.. Lord Hunt, DECC, April 2009 Current support mechanisms: Planning Policy Code for Sustainable Housing Grants: BCGS, LCBP ECA s Energy Efficiency Funding, CERT Renewable Heat Incentive (Apr 2011) 1 to 4 p/kwh (probable range tbc) Supporting installations from July 2009 Consultation with preliminary values in Dec 2009 National Star: 820 kw District Heat

Potential RHI economics: e.g. Care Home, Surrey 25,000 ft care home c.700,000 kwhs of heat pa peak load: 200-250 kw 150kW biomass boiler sized for c.85% of demand peak load & stand-by gas Capital: c.

23 Potential RHI economics: e.g. Care Home, Surrey 25,000 ft care home c.700,000 kwhs of heat pa peak load: kw 150kW biomass boiler sized for c.85% of demand peak load & stand-by gas Capital: c. 120,000 excl. grant c.200 tonnes wood chip pa if RHI were 1.5 p/kwh Typical benefit: Biomass heating v. gas Previous gas cost 22,500 at 3p/KWh GCV Biomass cost 18,000 at 90/tonne RHI (conservative) 9,000 at 1.5p/KWh Benefit pa 13,500 Simple payback 8.9 years + CO2 saved pa 127 tonnes CO2 Typical benefit: Biomass heating v. oil Previous oil cost 28,500 at 37p/litre Biomass cost 18,000 at 90/tonne RHI (conservative) 9,000 at 1.5p/KWh Benefit pa 19,500 Simple payback 6.2 years + CO2 saved pa 180 tonnes CO2 Indicative numbers only for different fuel types & possible Renewable Heat Incentive

24 Key Success Factors Must agree detailed requirements, scope and specification (lots of iteration) Get design done before breaking ground Attention to design detail on all aspects Ensure adequate program length to minimise costs Substantial co-ordination with civils Econergy often write outline spec for builders works Heat mains, plant room, fuel bunker, all local connections Budget & allow enough time for commissioning e.g. plan for unexpected problems connecting to old local systems

25 Further Information & contacts More information in Consultants Pack Enquiry form on web-site Call Dawn Riggett or myself

Gasification Power / Heat & Power Pure Heat. Pure power generation only up to 40% efficient.

1.1. Uses of Biomass for Energy Gasification Power / Heat & Power Pure Heat Gasification is a process that converts organic materials into combustible gases, which can be cleaned and burnt or expanded