PALIS #93060 LAKE QUANNAPOWITT COM. fo) O

Transcription

1 PALS #93060 LAKE QUANNAPOWTT COM fo) O

2 LAKE QUANNAPOWTT DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY Wakefeld, Massachusetts FNAL REPORT July, 986

3 COM CAMP DRESSER & McKEE NC. One Center Plaza envronmental engneers, a scentsts, _... mmo,, ', Boston, Massachusetts 0208 planners, & management consultants ' y July 24, 986 Mr. Rchard C. Boutette,P.E. Drector of Publc Works Town of Wakefeld Lafayette Street Wakefeld, MA 0880 Dear Mr. Boutette: Please fnd 2 copes of the addendum to the Fnal Dagnostc/Feasblty Study for Lake Quannapowtt. One copy has been sent to the Wakefeld Lbrary. Ths revson to the Fnal Report completes the work on our contract wth the Town of Wakefeld for Phase of the project, and 0 copes have been sent to the Clean Lakes Secton of DEQE. t has been a pleasure workng on the project wth the Department of Publc Works, and we look forward to contnung our good workng relatonshp wth the Town of Wakefeld. f you have any questons or comments, please feel free to call. Sncerely, CAMP DRESSER & McKEE NC Eleen Panneter Project Manager cc: Chrs Duerrng, DEQE

4 NTRODUCTON ADDENDUM TO FNAL REPORT DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY Lake Quannapowtt, Wakefeld, Massachusetts DEPARTMENT OF PUBLC WORKS, TOWN OF WAKEFELD The purpose of ths addendum s to address the fnal comments from the Department of Envronmental Qualty Engneerng (DEQE) on the Lake Quannapowtt Phase Dagnostc/Feasblty Study. These comments were receved from the Massachusetts DEQE, Dvson of Water Polluton Control, Clean Lakes Secton, and may be found at the end of the addendum. The frst comment relates to'the premplementaton mlestone schedule shown n the fnal report on Page 2-6 and 2-8. Prmarly because of permttng requrements, the schedule s no longer realstc, and should be replaced wth the followng schedule whch allows for several months permttng tme. REVSED MLESTONE SCHEDULE Mlestone Date Task Responsblty November, 985 January 5, 986 May 5, 986 Deadlne for Draft Phase Report Fnal Deadlne for Prortzaton Deadlne for Local Commtment Match Camp Dresser & McKee nc. Dvson of Water Polluton Control DWPC Town of Wakefeld May 3, 986 Deadlne for Full Program Requrements Complance Town of Wakefeld August, 986 Deadlne for Revsed Fnal Report Camp Dresser & McKee nc. October, 986 Development and Approval of Substate Agreement Dvson of Water Control Polluton November 3, 986 ssue Phase request for Proposals Town of Wakefeld November 2, 986 Deadlne for Proposals Town of Wakefeld December 0, 987 Selecton of Consultant for Fnal Desgn Town of Wakefeld

5 Mlestone Date January 2, 987 January 2, 987 February 30, 987 March 27, 987 Aprl - August August 4, 987 September, 987 September, 987 October 5, 987 January, 988 Task Begn Fnal Desgn Purchase of Weed Harvester Submt Draft Envronmental mpact Report Submt Remanng Permt Applcatons Weed Harvestng as needed Pre-bd Select Conference Contractor Begn Lake Drawdown Begn Constructon Completon of Constructon Responsblty Consultant Town of Wakefeld Consultant Consultant Town of Wakefeld Consultant Town of Wakefeld, Consultant Town of Wakefeld, Contractor Contractor t should be noted that the Envronmental mpact Report s only requred for the dredgng/dsposal porton of the work, and although t s not desrable from a constructon standpont, the constructon of the phosphorus control berm may be done separately f delays result from permttng constrants on the dredgng/dsposal porton of the work. The second comment relates to the envronmental evaluaton of lake drawdown, whch wll occur pror to constructon to reduce the envronmental mpacts of the work. Snce the Fnal Report dd not adequately address the mpacts of the drawdown on downstream wetlands, water table, and fsh populatons n the lake, the followng revsed evaluaton of fsh and wldlfe mpacts should replace the one found on page 2-22 of the report. REVSED SECTON FSH AND WLDLFE MPACTS Although temporary turbdty s expected to occur durng dredgng, mpacts wll be mnmzed by the late fall constructon tmng. mpacts from the spol dsposal wll be mnmzed by the flter fabrc lnng on the berm and because the lake wll not be reflled untl the next sprng allowng t to stablze over several months. The drawdown should-mnmze constructon mpacts on water qualty by the reducton n resuspenson of dredged materals. Although the total volume of the lake wll also be reduced durng the tme the lake s drawn down,

6 fsh and wldlfe mpacts are expected to be mnmal snce drawdown wll occur only once durng the wnter when bologcal actvty s at a mnmum, Some negatve effects on fsh communtes have been reported n the lterature, ncludng a reducton n the standng crop of lake whtefsh, walleye, northern pke, and Csco n Cross Lake, Mantoba caused by a summer drawdown (Gaboury and Ratal as, 984). However, drawdown s also consdered an mportant tool n fsh management, used to ncrease fsh standng crop (Lanz et al., 964), to shft speces composton (Hulsey, 958), and to enhance spawnng of bass and crappe (Rchardson, 975). Whle the effect that drawdown n Lake Quannapowtt wll have on fsh populatons s not known, any negatve mpacts should be mnmzed by the fact that only mnmal drawdown can occur, and the long-term effects of the water qualty mprovements assocated wth the project wll be benefcal to fsheres n the lake. n addton to mprovements n water qualty and thus fsheres that wll result from the project, the drawdown may also reduce shorelne aquatc weed denstes. Snce the shorelne (lttoral zone) has been mplcated as a sgnfcant source of nternal nutrent loadng to the open water (Cooke, et al., 986), the wnter drawdown of Lake Quannapowtt may have postve water qualty effecfs~as wefh " Weed harvest? nj^_u ejdj^rng^sj^rjj^^ should not have anytgnf can't negatve envronmental effects. "The effect on water qualty, however, should be benefcal n that the weeds wll no longer decompose n the lake. REFERENCES SOURCE: Cooke, G. Denns, Welch, E.B., Peterson, S.A., and Newroth, P.R Lake and Reservor Restoraton. Butterworth Publshers.

7 wowwnoweoeamfc of ^/vf&a&czwumejfo WMav Ms. Eleen Panneter Camp Dresser & McKee One Center Plaza Boston, MA 0208 Dear Eleen: July 3, 986 have completed my revew of the revsed Dagnostc/Feasblty Report on Lake Quannapowtt. Wth the excepton of the followng two tems, all of the comments on the draft report from ths offce have been satsfactorly addressed. 058 S. RUSSELL SYLVA Commssoner Page 2-8 The premplementaton mlestone schedule appears unrealstc now, consderng that the fnal report has not yet been approved and that MEPA may requre and ER for a porton of the project. The schedule should be revsed to reflect these delays. suggest allowng at least one month (from Sept., 986) for Subs t ate development and at least two months from that date for weed harvester purchase. The remanng mlestone dates should be revsed accordngly. Page 2-22 The envronmental evaluaton of lake drawdown does not adequately address the mpact on downstream wetlands, water table, and fsh populatons n the lake. Once the above comments have been satsfactorly addressed, the report wll be acceptable to ths offce as a fnal product for the project. These revsons can be submtted n the form of an addendum to the fnal report, f necessary. Please submt total of ten copes of the revsed fnal report to ths offce no later than August, 986. f you have any questons concernng to call me. the fnal report please do not hestate CD/cf cc: R. Boutette R. McVoy B. Haynes CKfs Duerrng Santary Bologs

8 COMneers, scentsts. planners, & management consultants May 20, 986 Mr. Rchard C. Boutlette Drector of Publc Works One Lafayette Street Wakefeld, MA Dear Mr. Boutette: CAMP DRESSER & McKEE NC. One Center Plaza Boston. Massachusetts Enclosed are 2 copes of the Fnal Report for the Lake Quannapowtt Dagnostc/Feasblty Study, as revsed wth the DEQE Lakes Secton comments. Three copes of the report have been delvered to Ms. Chrs Duerrng at the Dvson of Water Polluton Control, along wth a tabulaton of our response to comments and the locatons of revsed nformaton. We have enjoyed workng wth the Town of Wakefeld and look forward to workng wth the Town agan. f you have any questons or comments, please do not hestate to call. Sncerely, CAMP DRESSER Eleen Panneter Project Manager 3 Enclosures & McKEE NC

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Secton No. Ttle Page No. SUMMARY DAGNOSTC STUDY -. General Descrpton.2 Morphometrc Data.3 Nutrent and Hydrologc Budgets.4 One Year Lmnologcal Data.5 n-lake Data.6 Macrophyton Data.7 Storm Surveys.8 Sedment Analyss FEASBLTY STUDY 2- APPENDX 2. Alternatve dentfcaton and Evaluaton 2.2 Fnal Alternatves 2.3 Publc Partcpaton 2.4 Schedulng and Montorng Program 2.5 Envronmental Evaluaton 2.6 Permttng A. Grant Applcaton Forms B. Data Graphs C. Data Tables D. Agency Correspondence E. Envronmental Notfcaton Form F. Permt/Approval Forms

10 LST OF FGURES Fgure No. Ttle Page No. 0 Recommended Alternatve Project 4 Locaton Map -2 2 Lake Quannapowtt Watershed and Land Use -3 3 Locaton of Publc Access -4 4 Surfcal Geology -6 5 Bathymetrc Map -2 6 Precptaton -4 7 Groundwater nflow-outflow Zones -7 8 Retenton Tme Phosphorus Budget -2 0 Net nternal Phosphorus Loadng -23 Ntrogen Budget Samplng Statons Macrophyte Survey Storm Drans Flow Measurements and Concentratons vs. Tme at Dran A Flow Measurements and Concentratons vs. m Tme at Dran B Flow Measurements and Concentratons vs. Tme at Dran B Flow Measurements and Concentratons vs. Tme at Dran C Depth of Sedment Alternatve Dllon-Rgler Trophc Status 2-5

11 LST OF TABLES Table No. Ttle Page No 0 Summary of Alternatves Screenng Process 2 Land Use Components -0 2 Morphometrc Data Monthly Hydrologc Budgets -5 4 Monthly Phosphorus Budgets Monthly Ntrogen Budgets Percent Saturaton of nlet Water Key to Macrophyte Dstrbuton Map Results of Analyss of Storm Dran Samplng (/29/84) Results of Analyss of Storm Dran Samplng (5/2/85) Composte Sedment Analyses -44 Lst of Technologes 2-2 g 2 Prelmnary Alternatve Screenng Alternatves Development Summary of Advantages and Dsadvantages of Fnal Alternatves 2-5 Cost Comparson of Fnal Alternatves Cost Breakdown of Selected Alternatves Montorng Schedule Proposed Work and Spendng Plan 2-2

12 NTRODUCTON SUMMARY The Lake Quannapowtt Dagnostc/Feasblty Study conssted of two man components: a dagnostc, or nvestgatve, porton and a feasblty phase, or engneerng analyses. The dagnostc porton of the project ncluded samplng over a year-long perod, begnnng n March of 984 and endng n March of 985. Samplng took place on a monthly bass durng the * wnter per-od and bweekly durng the summer and fall. The samplng statons used durng the study ncluded an n-lake staton n the deepest basn of the lake where samples were taken at the top of the water column and near the bottom of the lake. Other statons ncluded one at the man nlet of the lake near the Lord Wakefeld nn, one at the man outlet of the lake near Man Street, and one at the secondary outlet near Amercan Mutual. The graphs and tables at the end of the report show the water qualty montorng results for the study, and a summary of data s gven n Secton.4 One-Year Lmnologc Data. n addton to the samples collected for chemcal and bacteral analyses, bologcal and physcal data were also collected. These data ncluded numbers and types of algae, extent and dstrbuton of aquatc weeds, and morphometrc data such as the maxmum and average lake depth, watershed sze and development, and a hydrologc budget for the lake. MAJOR FNDNGS H The most serous problem n Lake Quannapowtt s heavy aquatc weed growth that nterferes wth recreatonal swmmng and boatng. The cause s prmarly the shallow shorelne depth that allows lght penetraton to the bottom. ncomng hgh nutrent levels, both hstorcally and at present, probably also contrbute to the extensve aquatc weed growth. Another serous problem s the massve algal blooms that occur n the lake throughout summer and fall. These blooms cause aesthetc problems, odors, and reduce the clarty of the water. The prmary cause s the hgh nutrent levels n the water column. The thrd problem s low clarty, whch s partally caused by algae as mentoned above, but also by the wndy nature of the area and subsequent hgh wave acton that strs up sedments n the shallow lake. Occasonally, the clarty of the lake falls below bathng beach standards for transparency (4 ft). ALTERNATVE DENTFCATON AND EVALUATON The prmary problems to be dealt wth are: ) aquatc weeds; 2} algae; and 3) low clarty. To address these problems, a total of 8 possble technologes were examned for ther applcablty to Lake Quannapowtt. As shown on the next table, nne of these were elmnated ntally ether because of probable neffectveness or because of mpractcalty. The remanng nne alternatves were evaluated n more detal based on ther

13 Complete Lst of Technologes Examned ) Dredgng 2) Weed Harvestng 3) Aeraton 4) Mxng 5) Dversons 6) nflow Treatment 7) Lners 8) Dluton 9) Drawdown 0) Fsh Removal and Restockng ) Bologcal Manpulaton 2) Wetlands Treatment 3) Algcdes 5) Chemcal Precptaton 4) Herbcdes 6) Lght Blockage 7) Trace Chemcal Addton 8) Publc Educaton Programs SUMMARY OF ALTERNATVES SCREENNG PROCESS Alternatves Remanng After st Screenng 2nd Screenng ) Dredgng (lmted) 2) Weed Harvestng 3) nflow Treatment 4) Lners 5) Fsh Removal and Restock ng 6) Algcdes 7) Herbcdes 8) Trace Chemcal Addton 9) Publc Educaton Programs nflow Treat- ) Lmted ) Lmted Dredgng 2) Weed Harvestng ment, a) Contracted b) Harvester Purchase Publc 3) nflow Treatment Program 4) Lners 5) Publc Educaton Programs Alternatve Projects Dredgng, Purchase of a Weed Harvester, Educaton 2) Lners, Contracted Weed Harvestng and Publc Educaton 'Program

14 E projected effects on the water qualty of the lake and ther ablty to deal wth the lake's prmary problems. n ths screenng, four more alternatves were elmnated because of lmted or short-term effectveness. The fve remanng alternatves were then combned nto two alternatve "projects" whch were then evaluated for overall effectveness, cost, and benefts to recreaton and the nutrent budget. Based on ths evaluaton, the recommended project descrbed below was selected. RECOMMENDED ALTERNATVE PROJECT The recommended project has three basc components: ) nflow treatment; 2) purchase of a weed harvester; and 3) lmted dredgng. The frst component, nflow treatment, s proposed to reduce ncomng hgh levels of nutrents and turbdty, as well as to reduce the fllng-n of the lake over tme. Ths wll be accomplshed n combnaton wth the dredgng, as shown on the next fgure, snce one of the dredged spol dsposal areas wll form a part of the nlet control berm. The control berm wll be composed of crushed stone wth a sand/clay mxture n the-mddle, and wll be located at the man nlet to the lake. Flow from the nlet wll enter the bermed pool area frst before flterng out nto the lake. Slt, debrs, and other partculate materal, ncludng partculate phosphorus, wll be forced to settle out n the pool area whch wll have to be cleaned out once or twce per year. Ths should reduce ncomng phosphorus levels, and the resultant algal problems. t should also reduce ncomng slt and turbdty* thus mprovng the clarty of the water and slowng the fllng-n process. The dredgng s proposed for the two most weed-nfested areas of the lake, wth removal and on-ste bermed dsposal of about 45,000-55,000 cubc yards of materal. The purpose s to deepen two partcularly shallow areas of the lake whle expandng usable open space area by the placement and compacton of spol materal. Despte the proposed dredgng and nflow treatment, some aquatc weed problems are expected to contnue, so another component s the purchase of a weed harvester to be used on an as-needed bass n the lake. The harvester wll be operated by Town personnel when and where specfc weed problems occur. n addton to controllng aquatc weeds, ths component may have some benefcal effect on the overall nutrent budget of.the lake, n that the weeds wll be removed from the watershed nstead of decomposng and releasng ther nutrents n the lake as they do now. The fnal component of the proposed project s a publc educaton program to educate watershed resdents on how to reduce nutrent levels enterng the lake. Overall, the proposed project s expected to accomplsh the followng: ) Control of the aquatc weed problem; 2) Reducton n the length and severty of algal blooms; and 3) At least a small ncrease n the clarty of the water, wth a reduced potental for beach closure.

15 AREAS OF DREDGNG BERMS TOWN HALL NEW LAND AREAS MADE USNG DREDGED MATERAL FGURE 0 RECOMMENDED ALTERNATVE PROJECT DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWJTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

16 . GENERAL DESCRPTONS SECTON DAGNOSTC STUDY Basc nformaton on Lake Quannapowtt and ts watershed are ncluded n ths secton. These data are partcularly mportant n determnng the nfluence of the watershed on water qualty. A seres of maps have been prepared to accompany the descrptons of the area. Fgure s a map showng the locaton of the "lake wth the topography of the surroundng area,.. DENTFCATON AND DESCRPTON OF LAKE QUANNAPOWTT Lake Quannapowtt s a hghly utlzed recreatonal lake n the surburban communty of Wakefeld, Massachusetts. t s a gl^cam<ett e lake n aj _ area greatly nfluenced by glacal eroson and de~posftfon. The topogra- " phcal effects of ths ncurson can be seen n Fgure. The watershed, as shown on Fgure 2, ncludes a great deal of surburban resdental land. The watershed s approxmately 302 hectares (747 acres) n area. The area surroundng Lake Quannapowtt was known to be settled n the early 700's. Many houses survve from around 750, and occupaton of ths area has been constant snce that perod. However, the watershed has been sgnfcantly altered wth the buldng of Route 28 and other constructon projects. Of partcular note are the changes n dranage patterns north of Route 28, snce ths wetland area apparently used to dran nto the lake and now does not. Bascally, the watershed has remaned a moderately dense resdental area for many years now...2 DESCRPTON OF PUBLC ACCESS AND SUTABLTY TO RECREATONAL USE BY THE GENERAL PUBLC Lake Quannapowtt s centrally located n the Town of Wakefeld, and as such, s readly accessble. t s heavly used for a varety of both actve and passve recreatonal actvtes. Open to the publc, t has been hghly utlzed for decades as a recreatonal lake. Fgure 3 s a map showng the locaton of the publc access areas. Access for swmmng and wadng s avalable at two publc beaches. There s a publc boat dock at the lake where salboats and rowboats can be launched. n addton, rental canoes are avalable on the south shore durng the summer. Fshng durng all seasons s also a popular pastme on Lake Quannapowtt, whch s stocked by the U.S. Fsh and wldlfe Servce. Large motorboats were used extensvely n the lake untl the summer of 984 when the maxmum motor sze was lmted to 0 hp followng a drownng accdent. Salng s a partcularly popular sport on Lake Quannapowtt because of steady crosswnds on the lake. Salboat races are frequently held durng the summer and are heavly attended by both partcpants and spectators. prvate yacht club s on the western shore. n addton to salng, A -

17 ^feft^-agljl-^'gp*. '$\ = ^ ;f~^ ' ' ^^^^^^^^^^merclhand-e::, j f LOCATON MAP FGURE LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS FEET CAMP DRESSER & McKEE

18 LEGEND LAND USE CATEGORES ndustral Commercal AP Cropland Pasture SUBWATERSHED DRANED R D«na«Resdental ' ' «U4 «(«0 j WPJ Woody Paranoa! BY NLET R3 _UTj.Medum Resdental H4 - /2 jcre Soarse Resdental ' fc <2 acr«transportaton [_Oj Ooen W Water [FW] Fresn Wetland B SUBWATERSHED BY STORM SEWERS DRANED P Forest UOJ Ooen and Publc M Waste Dsposal Mnng j_swj RW) RP _ RS Sal Wetland Water Recreaton Partcpaton Recreaton Spectator Recreaton Preoared by: DEPARTMENT of FORESTRY S WLDLFE "AflAGEKENT, REMOTE S-'.S.'.'G UNVERSTY of MASSACHUSETTS de AMHERST SOL,CONSERVAT;or SERVCE n coooeraton wth'. weropoltan AREA PLANNNG COUNCL,MASSACHUSETTS OEPARTMENT of PUBLC WORKS.U.S. DEPARTMENT of TRANSPORTATON. FEDERAL HGHWAY ADMNSTRATON and L'RSAN MASS TRANSPORTATON ADMNSTRATON FGURE 2 LAND USE FEET -3 DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

19 PUBLC ACCESS FGURE 3 LOCATON OF PUBLC ACCESS DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

20 salboardng s a popular actvty on the lake n the summer, whle ceboats are used extensvely n the wnter. Year-round, especally n good weather, Lake Quannapowtt s a popular spot for pcnckers and strollers. There are pcnc tables and a gazebo on the south Publc Beach. At the nlet near the Lord Wakefeld nn, feedng ducks and geese s a popular actvty. n summary, Lake Quannapowtt s very accessble, and t s the ste for numerous water-based actvtes. The lake s actvely enjoyed through water sports such as swmmng, fshng, canoeng, salng and wndsurfng. t s also enjoyed passvely through use of the park and pcnc facltes on the shore. The records of the Wakefeld Parks Commssoner substantate ths exceptonally heavy usage of the lake. n 984, only the north beach was open because of fundng constrants, yet an average of 200 people per day were estmated to have used the beach from Ouly to September. Prevous records ndcate an average usage of 350 persons per day when both beaches were open. n addton, records for use of the publc boat docks ndcate weekend launchng of an average of 50 boats, wth possbly an addtonal 0 boats per day on weekdays. Approxmately 00 boats moor at the prvate yacht club...3 GEOLOGCAL DESCRPTON OF THE DRANAGE BASN The USDA Sol Conservaton Servce has not completed mappng sols for the Wakefeld area. The best nformaton avalable s the Surfcal Geology Map for the Readng Quadrangle prepared by the USGS n 962 (Fgure 4). The geologcal components of the Lake Quannapowtt watershed are the result of glacal eroson and deposton. The lake tself s a glacal kettle, and dranage s controlled manly by the glacal features and preglacal valleys. The surfcal deposts consst of stratfed and unstratfed drft and a small amount of swamp deposts. The unstratfed component s tll, a poorly sorted mxture of sand, gravel, slt and clay whch was deposted drectly by a glacer. Small amounts of stratfed materal are scattered throughout the tll n unts too small to be mapped at ths scale (Fgure 4). A thn layer of wndblown materal, whch was not mapped, s less than three feet thck n most places. Organc sedments are wdespread n the area. Cedar Swamp and the nterconnected swamps north of the lake are very extensve. Many of these swamps are underlan by leached sand and slt of probable aeolan orgn, and may contan peat deposts. Major components of the watershed are: Swamp deposts - Mostly muck and peat wth some sand and gravel, slt and clay. Ground morane - Tll wth mnor amounts of stratfed drft. -5

21 V VV FGURE 4 Deposts Sand and gravel undfferentated Kame Terrace KEY Watershed Boundary Outwash Ground Morane Drum"! n Artfcal Fll Bedrock outcrops DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY FEET SURFCAL GEOLOGY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD. MASSACHUSETTS

22 Drumln - Streamlned stratfed drft hlls of tll. Valley Fll - Valley materal composed of sand and gravel. n some places, ce contact slopes termnate these deposts at one or both ends. Artfcal Fll - Ths component makes up Route 28, other roads n the watershed, and the boat ramp area. Bedrock outcrops - These are scattered throughout the moranal materal...4 SUMMARY OF HSTORCAL LAKE USES An hstorcal survey of Wakefeld s underway at ths tme by the Massachusetts Hstorcal Socety, the Wakefeld Hstorcal Commsson, the Wakefeld Center Neghborhood Assocaton and Archtectural Preservaton Assocates. Accordng to the Archtectural Preservaton Assocates (personal communcatons, Bonne Maxer, APA), the earlest hstorcal records show that natve Amercans cultvated much of the area around the lake, formerly called Readng Pond. The name was changed to Lake Quannapowtt after t was sold to settlers by an ndan named James Quannapowtt. The northern shores of the lake were farmed from the late 8th to the 9th century. n 845 the ralroad (Boston & Mane) was constructed and the town subsequently experenced rapd growth. Suburban houses bult n the early 800's ncluded the Beebe Homestead and Federal House near the eastern shores on Man Street. ce companes owned much of the land on the southern and western shores from the 830's to 880's. Pressures for housng caused most of these companes to be sold n the late 880's; however, a few lasted nto the 20th century. The two cemeteres on the west sde of the lake have been there snce the md-9th Century. Lakesde Cemetery was establshed n 846. Temple Adath srael Cemetery was establshed n 859, and t was the frst Jewsh cemetery n the Boston area. The Hartshorne House on the southern shore of Lake Quannapowtt s one of the two oldest houses. The other s the Deacon Kendall home at Prospect Street. Other hstorc houses lne Man Street, ncludng 4- Man (pre-750), 7 Man (765), 50 Man (790) and 90 Man Street (750). Addtonal mportant hstorcal land use components are the churches that dot the watershed, ncludng the Congregatonal Church and cemetery on the southern shore. The land surroundng Lake Quannapowtt was farmland that has been transformed slowly nto suburban resdental uses. Property surroundng the lake was owned bascally by Wakefeld churches, ce companes and prvate resdences. Lake Quannapowtt was noted as "pure" n brochures publshed to attract settlers, -7

23 Several hstorcal actvtes may have affected the water qualty of Lake Quannapowtt, ncludng the dscharge and dumpng of coal tarjand other wastes from the old gas house on the western sde of the lake. Apparently, up to a foot of oly waste was dumped n the lake near the current publc dock area. The ball feld and parkng area adjacent to ths cove were once wetlands that were flled wth several feet of clean gravel. The Amercan Mutual area and the Lord Wakefeld Motel area (northwest sde) were also wetlands that were flled for buldng purposes (personal communcaton, Mertt Wenzel). The area near the nlet, just south of the Lord Wakefeld, was an open dump for many years. Upstream n the area currently occuped, by wetlands, farmng once took place. The constructon of the ral lnes through ths area resulted n stagnant water and swampy condtons due to the heght of the culvert under the ralroad. To the north n what s now Amercan Mutual grounds and across Route 28 to the north, a vast wetland area apparently fed the lake. Ths area was cut off from the watershed of the lake n the late 930's by the Readng Dranage Canal. The constructon of Route 28 and the fllng of the Amercan Mutual property apparently resulted n further dverson of ths porton of the watershed around the lake. n fact, water now flows out of Lake Quannapowtt from ths area. The "lake has never been partcularly deep n the memory resdents, wth a reported maxmum depth of 5 feet...5 WATERSHED LAND USE of long-tme The predomnant land use (35%) n the watershed s sngle resdence (R2), as shown on Fgure 2. Ths category represents land used for homes whch are spaced closely together on lots whch are 2,000 sq ft or less n sze. Ths category s represented by most houses on Man Street. The second most prevalent land use (29%) s general resdental land (R3, Rl). Lot szes n ths group are 0,000 square feet or less. The Prospect Road neghborhood s an example of ths category. Eght percent of the watershed s comprsed of a freshwater wetland (FW). Ths category represents varatons of swamps, bogs and marshes. Forested land (F) composes fve percent of the watershed. Forested land s defned as a combnaton of hardwood and softwood trees and vegetaton. Ths category s represented by the forested area near Bear Hll. Open and publc lands (UO) compose sx percent of the watershed. Ths ncludes undeveloped land or cemeteres whch appear open n the mdst of developed areas. t s further descrbed as avalable for publc use. n ths case, the areas denoted nclude the cemeteres that le on the southern and western shores of the lake. Four percent of the watershed s spectator recreaton (RS). Ths category ncludes the recreatonal "complex" ncludng access roads, parkng facltes, buldngs and other related facltes. The publc beach on the south western shore s the predomnant recreatonal component n the watershed.

24 Commercal land (UC) makes up three percent of the land use n the watershed. Ths land s predomnantly used for dstrbuton or sales of goods and servces. Ths land use s represented by the area along the northern shore contanng Amercan Mutual nsurance Company and two gas statons. Partcpant recreaton land (RP) makes up three percent of the total land use n the watershed. Ths category agan ncludes the recreatonal complex: access roads, parkng lots, buldngs and other facltes. n ths watershed, the Bear Hll Golf Club s the domnant component. Transportaton land (UT) comprses two percent of the watershed. Ths category generally ncludes land used for truck, ral, ar and water-based transportaton. n the watershed, the entre category represents a dvded hghway wth 200 feet or more of rght-of-way wdth. Narrower roads are not measured for ther area. Route 28 s the entre category on ths map. Open lands (0) comprse one percent of the watershed. Ths component appears between the Amercan Mutual nsurance Company, the forested wetland and the gas statons. Water-based recreaton (RW), wth one percent, ncludes marnas, freshwater beaches and swmmng pools. Ths category s represented by the yacht club on the western shore of Lake Quannapowtt. Fgure 2 shows the areal dstrbuton of land use n the watershed. shows the categores and percentages. Ul MORPHOMETRC DATA Table The morphometrc parameters for Lake Quannapowtt were determned usng a U.S.G.S. topographc map and feld measurements. These are lsted n Table 2. A bathymetrc map, or map of the bottom contours of the Take, was generated from depth measurements. t s shown n Fgure 5. The morphometrc data (Table 2) and the bathymetrc map (Fgure 5) show that the lake has a large surface area but a relatvely small volume because of ts shallow depth (.3 feet [3.4 meters] maxmum). The mean depth s only 6.3 feet, or.9 meters, ndcatng that much of the lake s qute shallow. Ths s also evdent from the bathymetrc map, and the result s that large areas of the lake, partcularly on the western sde, are sutable for the growth of aquatc vegetaton, :U3 NUTRENT AND HYDROLOGC BUDGETS The purpose of the hydrologc and nutrent budgets s to determne the sources and loadng rates to the lake of ntrogen and phosphorus. Ths nformaton s necessary to determne the effects of these nutrents on algae and macrophyton growth and to develop means of controllng that growth. -9

25 CATEGORY TABLE LAND USE COMPONENTS PERCENTAGE Moderate Densty Resdental (R2) 35% Sparse Resdental (R3) 28% Freshwater Wetland (FW) 8% Forested Land (F) 5% Open and Publc Lands (UO) 6% Spectator Recreaton (RS) 4% Other Towns 3% Commercal (UC) 3% Partcpant Recreaton (RP) 3% Transportaton (UT) 2% Open Lands (0) % Hgh Densty Resdental (Rl) % Water-based Recreaton (RW) % -0

26 () Surface area (2) Maxmum depth (3) Mean depth (4) Volume (5) Watershed area (6) Maxmum length (7) Maxmum wdth (8) Shorelne length (9) Development of Shorelne: TABLE 2 MORPHOMETRC DATA METRC ENGLSH 0 hectares 3.4 meters.9 meters.7236 x 0 6 m3 302 hectares,792 meters 878 meters 4,79 meters acres.3 feet 6.3 feet,397 acre feet 747 acres 5,880 feet 2,880 feet 5,720 feet.34 -

27 FGURE 5 BATMYMETRC MAP DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS 5OO -2

28 .3. HYDROLOGC BUDGET - NPUT Drect Precptaton Drect precptaton onto the lake surface was calculated usng monthly data collected at the Readng gagng staton and publshed by the Natonal Oceanc and Atmospherc Admnstraton. Monthly precptaton was multpled by the area of the lake to determne the volume of water enterng the lake (Fgure 6). The total precptaton for the year was 7.9 cm, and the area of the lake surface s 0 hectares. The resultng volume of water s,90,790 m (965.2 acre-ft) whch s 4.0% of the total yearly nput (Table 3). For comparson, Fgure 4 also ncludes monthly normals at Readng, based on 30 years of data. nput from streams, storm drans and surface runoff The watershed s dvded nto two areas. One s a 50 ha (37 acre) area draned by the man nlet culvert, located on the western shore. The remanng 52 ha (376 acre) area drans to the lake va storm sewers. These areas, wth land use categores, were shown n Fgure 2. For the area draned by the man nlet, the monthly dscharge was calculated by dvdng monthly dscharge at the Aberjona Rver USGS gagng staton by that rver's watershed area to determne a monthly dscharge rate per hectare. Ths was multpled by 50 hectares to obtan the sonthly dscharge to the lake at the nlet. The yearly total was 854,600 m (692.7 acre-ft) whch represents 29.5% of the yearly nput (Table 3). The Aberjona Rver gagng staton was chosen because ts watershed s smlar n topography, land-use, and sol types to the area draned by the nlet to Lake Quannapowtt. For comparson, the monthly nlet dscharge was also calculated by multplyng the area of the nlet watershed by monthly precptaton. Ths result was multpled by the fracton of the watershed occuped by each land-use category and a land-use runoff coeffcent. The sum pf_these volumes, 727,753 m (590 acre-ft}, s^the "monthly" n!et ftbvdu to stormwater runoff. Snce the runoff coeffcents do not reflect stormwater nfltraton, the dfference between the results from the two methods was assumed to represent groundwater base flow. Results from the former method were used to represent nlet flow. Ths assumpton s further justfed by the fact that the nlet drans a wetland area n addton to carryng stormwater runoff. Dscharge, va storm sewers, for the remanng watershed area was calculated by multplyng monthly precptaton by the area, and multplyng ths by the fracton occuped by each land-use category (Fgure.20' and a runoff coeffcent. The result s the monthly nput from storm everrttastttr;thttearry total s 803,720 nr (65.5 acre-ft,) whch represents 27.7% of the yearly nput. t should be noted that the nput estmatons were calculated, rather than measured, snce flow measurements were not called for n the scope of work. The volume of dscharge from the nlet s lkely to be overestmated snce flow throughout the year s ndcated n the calculated estmatons (Table 3), but no flow was found durng three of the samplng runs (8/4/84, -3

29 r LJ <C Q_ f_j LU QL Q_ 25 H LflKEqUHNNHPOWTT PRECPTATON Year of Study (Yearly total 7.9 cm) Monthly Normals (Yearly total 6.cm) 0 MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT HOY DEC JAM FEB FGURE 6-4

30 984 MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 985 JAN FEB YEARLY TOTAL % TABLE 3 MONTHLY HYDROLOGC BUDGETS LAKE QUANNAPOWTT NPUTS (m 3 ) STORMDRAN DRECT GROUNDWATER MONTHLY NLET AREA AREA PRECPTATON NFLOW TOTAL 74,790 67,920 24,00 82,870 47,600 3,740 9,920 9,260 20,750 38,520 2,980 33,50 854, ,570 82,480 67,700 70,900 72,260 7,720 2,80 62,030 46,360 70,900 23,860 36,30 803, ,930 22,20 248,460 05,040 07,060 26,260 32,320 9,90 68,680 05,040 35,350 53,530,90, ,870 50,070 5,50 378,20,200 55,460 4, ,540 4,820 23,740,80 58,900,460 65,50 4,40 77,340 3,00 38,890 4,730 29,90,590 82,780 2,40 25,220 53,650 2,902,760*.8 H _ 984 MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 985 JAN FEB YEARLY TOTAL % OUTLETS 273,30 228, , ,780 65, , , ,052, LOSSES EVAPORATON 35,50 6,80 03,20 7,770 2,00 97,460 76,50 52,320 35,50,720,720 23, ,900 * The dfference n thesetotals represents accumulated roundoff error (m 3 ) GROUNDWATER OUTFLOW 6,930 0,620 2,580 9,20 9,300 2,280 2,80 7,980 5,970 9,20 3,070 4,650 03, MONTHLY TOTAL 325,20 30,60 52, , ,880 99,740 78,960 23, ,40 20,840 4,790 28,080 2,902,770*

31 9/26/84, and 2/28/84). No actual nlet flow was found durng August, late September, or durng December. The cause of the dfference between the calculated and observed nlet flows may be the hydraulc condtons found n the wetland area upstream of the nlet. Ths wetland, whch s about 00 acres n sze, appears to have been orgnally caused by the constructon of the B&M Ralroad and an above grade culvert under the B&M ralroad tracks. The ralroad tracks form a "bank" all along the downstream edge of the wetland area. Outflow s drected through a box culvert just upstream from the lake nlet. The culvert s underszed, however, and s well above the gradent of the mmedate upstream area. Addtonally, t s partally clogged wth debrs. The end result of these factors s that flows out of the wetland area (and dschargng from the lake nlet) do not occur durng low flow perods except as a result of storms. Some of ths flow may enter the lake as groundwater, but the amount s not known. n addton, how much water evaporates or s lost to transpraton n the stagnant area upstream of the ralroad culvert s also unknown. Because of these factors, and because contnuous flow montorng was not conducted, no attempt was made to estmate the dfference between calculated and actual nflow condtons. Groundwater Flow Groundwater medum: Q = KA 4p nflow was calculated usng Darcy's Law for flow n a porous where Q = groundwater flow K = permeablty A = cross-sectonal area of flow J L = hydraulc gradent dl The lake shorelne was dvded nto zones of nflow and outflow accordng to the surfcal geology and topography, and these are shown n Fgure 7. n general, the groundwater nflow occurs through the western, southern, and eastern portons of the lake where t s surrounded by areas of glacal deposton and hgher elevatons. The permeablty was determned from USGS data {Water-Supply Paper 694) 'for the nearby Wlmngton-Readng area. The depth of flow was estmated as 4 feet snce groundwater nflow to a Take decreases away from the shorelne. Ths depth was multpled by the length of shorelne for each zone to determne the cross-sectonal area. The hydraulc gradent was determned from data from wells n the vcnty of the lake (Massachusetts Hydrologc - Data Report No. 2, 980). t was assumed that monthly varatons n groundwater nflow were the same as the varatons n precptaton. -6

32 FGURE 7 DRECTON OF GROUNDWATER FLOW FEET -7 DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD. MASSACHUSETTS

33 The monthly groundwater nflow volumes are presented n Table 3. The yearly total s 53,650 m (43.5 acre-ft.) whch represents.8% of the total nflow..3.2 HYDROLOGC BUDGET - LOSSES Evaporaton Evaporaton data were avalable from the Rochester, MA gagng staton for Aprl through October, 984. These were used wth a pan coeffcent...of, 0.7Q^_ For the remander of the year, t was assumed that evaporaton for ftay through October represented 76% of the total wth the remanng 24% dstrbuted over the months when the lake had no ce cover (U.S. Weather Buerau Techncal Paper 37, 959). The monthly totals were determned by multplyng the evaporaton rate by the lake area and dstrbutng ths on a monthly bass as descrbed n the prevous paragraph. The results are presented n Table 3. The yearly evaporaton loss s 746,900 m (605.4 acre-ft.) whch represents 25.7% of the total losses. Groundwater Outflow Flow of groundwater out of the lake wasocalculated the same as t was for flow n. The yearly flow was 03,430 m (83.8 acre-ft) or 3.6% of the total losses. Outlet Flow The reservor storaqe-ye_d_equatpn_was_solv.ed for outlet flow, the remanng vara~?le n the hydrologc budget, wth the assumpton that total flow nto the lake equaled flow out over the year of study. The effect of drawng down.thejake, njtoyember was determned.-from data provded by the Wakefeld DPW. Changes n lake volume were estmated from measurements of water depth taken at the outlets durng the regular samplng runs. The equaton s: x^ V. = V + + SD + DP + GW E - GWO, where f o ' V f = fnal lake volume V Q = ntal lake volume = nlet flow SO = storm dran flow DP = drect precptaton GW = groundwater nflow 0 = outlet flow E = evaporaton losses -8

34 GWO = groundwater outflow Monthly flows are presented n Table 3. The yearly flow for the year was 2,052,440 m (,664 acre-ft.) representng 70.7% of the total losses. Retenton Tme and Flushng Rate 3 The volume of the lake,,723,600 m, was dvded by the total outflow, 2,902,770 m, resultng n a retenton tme ofj^3_y_eats..._ r Monthly retenton tmes were also calculated and are presented n Fgure 8. The flushng rate, calculated as the nverse of retenton tme, was.68 flushes per year..3.3 NUTRENT BUDGETS Data from the analyss of water samples were combned wth the results of the hydrologc budget calculatons to determne nutrent nputs and losses for the lake. Phosphorus Phosphorus nputs to the lake were calculated for the nlet dranage area by multplyng the monthly nlet flow tmes the average phosphorus concentraton n the nlet samples taken durng that month. For the remanng area, monthly storm dran flows were used wth flow-wegjted averages from, the stormwater samplng data. Losses through the outlet were calculated the same way as nputs from the nlet. Contrbutons from groundwater were assumed to be neglgble snce phosphorus does not move, f readly through sol (Steel and McGhee, Water Supply and Sewerage, 979). \ V Monthly phosphorus budgets are presented n Fgure 9 and Table 4. The yearly nput was found to be 2,447 kg/yr and the yearly loss through the outlet was 3,080 kg/yr. r The monthly phosphorus loads were ncorporated wth n-lake concentraton data n mass balance equatons to determne monthly net nternal loads. These results are presented n Fgure 0. The two processes nvolved are bologcal uptake/release and sed mert accumulaton/release, though t s not clear to what extent each one s nvolved. Also, snce these are net amounts, actual loads and losses are not represented. Stll, the cyclcal nature of the data throughout the year and the lack of anaerobc condtons suggest that some of ths_lntej^aj_l_p_a_dng s_djje_to the resuspenson of bottom sedments caused by the wnd, followed by settlng." Other factors that may be nvolved nclude phosphorus nputs from boat washng n the lake (reported to occur farly frequently), nputs from fertlzer use on the extensve lawn areas around the lake, nputs from ducks and geese that frequent the Lord Wakefeld lawn area, and nputs from vegetaton/algae decomposton. Although there appears to be some dfference of opnon n the lterature as to phosphorus movement n sol, there are no known sources of phosphorus, such_as septc systems, n the groundwater n ths area. -9

35 LAKE QUANNAPOWTT RETENTON TME (V / 0 ) JS Annual Retenton tme 0.59 years t g 4 w 2 S5 O l UJ H 70 _ ^ B l M. MAR APR MAY «JUN JUL AUG SEP QCT HOV DEC JAN FEB FGURE 8-20

36 - LAKE QUANNAPOWTT PHOSPHOROUS BUDGET J M 500- to..s «50. o 400- _cn B ^) K 350- d. < : 0: " NFLOW (TOTAL 2447 KG) = = lllllllllllllll OUTFLOW (TOTAL 3080 KC ' ll J S MAR APR MAY JUH JUL AUG SEP OCT HOV DEC JAN FEB ll J FGURE 9-2

37 '" TABLE 4 MONTHLY PHOSPHORUS BUDGETS LAKE QUANNAPOWTT < Jt <y*^ Srt \ ts > m 984 MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 985 JAN FEB YEARLY TOTAL SOURCES (kg/month) NLET AREA ,657 STORMDRAN AREA MONTHLY TOTAL ,447 % LOSSES (kg/month) OUTLETS (same as monthly totals) MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC (no flow) 0 (no flow) (no flow) 985 YEARLY TOTAL JAN FEB -22 3,080 0 (no flow) 0 (no flow) *"* * C **7

38 LAKE QUANNAPOWTT NET NTERNAL PHOSPORUS LOADNG <K ^ 3200^ vt 3000-: D 2600? g S ^ O Cu 600- j 600- < w 000- as W Postve Loads - releases to water column Negatve Loads - releases from water column fl ^ MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB FGURE 0-23

39 Ntrogen The ntrogen budget for the nlet, storm drans, and outlets was calculated as t was for phosphorus. n addton, the nputs and losses from groundwater flows were consdered. The ntrogen concentratons n groundwater nflow were assumed to equal the ntrate concentratons enterng the lake at the nlet, snce only lmted chemcal analyses were avalable for groundwater (Mass. Hydrologc-Data Report No. 2, 980). The outflow concentratons were assumed to be the mean of the concentratons at the n-lake samplng staton (Staton 2A). The monthly ntrogen budgets are presented n Fgure and Table 5. The yearly nput was 4,049 kg/yr and the loss was 5,896 kg/yr. t should be noted that ths budget does not account for atmospherc sources of ntrogen or ntrogen that may be fxed by algae or legumes. Some speces of algae and plants can obtan atmospherc ntrogen for growth. Ths ntrogen s then left n sedments or the water column after the decomposton of the plant materal. Nutrent Budget Summary Ratos of ntrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ranged from 0.5 to 4.0 for the May through September growng season. Although ths would suggest that the lake s ntrogen-lmted, ths does not appear to be the case snce concentratons of all nutrents reman hgh even wth ncreased bologcal actvty. As a result, an analyss of trophc status usng ether the Dllj^/JgJ^r^or^the Vg.ljenwelcler.met^qd^ has lmted applcatons. -Ptnnrphorus s he eas'est nutrent*tb^cohtrol, and n theory t would be possble to reduce ts concentratons below the pont at whch t becomes the lmtng nutrent. Ths s partcularly true for some types of algae that can "fx" atmospherc ntrogen. n addton, t has been reported that lakes that were ntrogen-lmted by ths crtera have been mproved by reducng phosphorus levels. For these reasons phosphorus reducton n.lake Quannapowtt can have potental benefcal effects. To determne the source(s) of excessve phosphorus, addtonal lmted samplng upstream was conducted. Samples were taken at four locatons: ) the upstream end of the large wetland area west of the lake; 2) further downstream n the same wetland area (just upstream of the 8AM ralroad culvert); 3) at the upstream end of the nlet culvert; and 4) at the downstream end of the nlet culvert (Staton 3). Ths addtonal samplng was coordnated wth the last samplng round of the study (March 8, 985). Samples were analyzed for total phosphorus and ammona ntrogen, two parameters that were found n especally hgh concentratons n the lake and nlet stream. The results are lsted below: Total Phosphorus Ammona (N) Staton <0.05 mg/l 0.4 mg/l. A Upstream end of wetland 0.0 mg/l.68 mg/l B Downstream end of wetland <0.05 mg/l 0.28 mg/l C Upstream end of nlet culvert 0.3 mg/l 0.45 mg/l D Downstream end of nlet culvert (nlet) 0.05 mg/l 0.05 mg/l 0. mg/l 0.0 mg/l E nlake surface F nlake bottom N/A N/A G Outlets (not flowng) -24

40 t l 0 0 OS H S - - o r j 600H LAKE QUANNAPOWTT NTROGEN BUDGET» NFLOW (TOTAL 4049 KG) llllllllllllll OUTFLOW (TOTAL 5896KG) _!_ = == := ^^^ - ~ = - = EEE ^E ^^ = = ~ ^ M^ ^ = = ^ ^ = ~ EE! E l g^^.. L = j ^ L MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB FGURE -25

41 984 MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC NLET AREA TABLE 5 MONTHLY NTROGEN BUDGETS LAKE QUANNAPOWTT SOURCES (kg/month) STORMDRAN AREA GROUNDWATER NFLOW MONTHLY TOTAL , JAN FES YEARLY TOTAL,43 2, , MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 34.9 LOSSES OUTLETS , , (kg/month) 0.7 GROUNDWATER OUTFLOW MONTHLY TOTALS , , JAN FEB YEARLY TOTAL 5, ,

42 Usng ths data, two areas were further nvestgated. Frst, the area upstream of Staton B was examned for possble sources of nutrents. However, other than the wetlands and a trunk sewer, none were found. The sewer was dye tested, but no evdence of leakage was found. Addtonally, most of the trunk lne s below grade so exfltraton of sewage s unlkely. The second area nvestgated was the nl et culvert between Statos_C_anjdJ),^sncAJ;he_sample taken at the~~hea~d of~the culvert contaned" less than OJ35jng/l of phosphorus, whle the sample taken at the same tme downstream"~at"~the lake nlet contaned 0.3 mg/. Although ths was only a one-tme sample, t ndcates that a substartttal quantty of phosphorus enters the nlet culvert underground. Based on subsequent nvestgatons, a lkely source of ths phosp_hprus s an^atjaceht^eac^ dealershp where_detepgen,ts and degreasers-contanng phosphqrus~^are used lnm -,,,,_,_ " J^^S S^" t*^"*..,_ ^rn.-r*^-*-.**= ' ' «*J**»»»H * v. -,** * " '^^ *"' '- - «*' -u-^ - T- - _,^Jta^a,!*^^^^^ 'to_clean_cars. Because of the lmted data from ths addtonal samplng, the annual phosphorus load that would be expected from nonrpont sources n the nlet subwatershed was calculated for comparson usng a loadng coeffcent that was determned for the other subwatershed area. The result was 5.2 kg per ha per yr, or J78(LKg/yr from the 50 ha area. Snce there are about JL_._657_. kg/yr of phosphorus enterng the lake from the nlet, t follows that of the remanng 877 kg/yr may be resultng from a pont-source from the auto dealershp. The amount may actually be less, however, snce the upstream wetland probably takes up some of the watershed phosphorus loadng at least durng the summer. Although an ncrease n ammona concentratons was also noted between the upstream ends of the culvert, no source was found..4 ONE YEAR LMNOLOGC DATA Fgure 2 shows the samplng statons used n the study. An analyses of data collected s descrbed below. Graphs and tables are ncluded n the Appendx..4. TEMPERATURE AND DSSOLVED OXYGEN The temperature and dssolved oxygen (D.O.) data for the n-lake statons and the outlets show lttle varaton, ndcatng the well-mxed, well-aerated nature of the lake. There does not appear to be an anaerobc bottom layer present because of the well-aerated condton. Ths s substantated by the January 29, 985 run, when the largest dfferences n both temperature and D.O. were found between the bottom and top layers of the n-lake staton durng a perod where substantal ce cover prevented wnd aeraton. The nlet staton has shown substantal D.O. defcts, from May through August and agan n October through January. Ths nlet stream begns as a combnaton of a very small stream from Bear Hll Golf Course and groundwater flow n the wetland area upstream. t then spreads out as t passes through a large wetland area orgnally created by the constructon of the B & M ralroad. A culvert under these tracks causes a backwater effect and stagnaton upstream except durng hgher flows. -27

43 LEGEND Man Outlet 2 ntake Staton A Surface B Bottom 3 nlet 4 Secondary Outlet TOWN HALL FGURE 2 SAMPLNG STATONS DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

44 Calculaton of the percent saturaton of the nflow, gven on Table 6, shows a normal decrease n D.O. from bologcal actvty from March to July. t then ncreases dramatcally to supersaturaton levels n ' September and falls substantally n October. The supersaturaton levels may be due to upstream bologcal actvty durng durnal (daylght) hours, wth the reducton n October caused by decomposton and oxygen demand. However, subsequent wnter data does not exhbt the expected ncrease, remanng below 20% saturaton. A comparson wth clmatologes! data and flow data does not show a good correlaton or reason for the low oxygen, ndcatng that there s a hgh oxygen demand n the wetland area. t s possble that ths s caused by the stagnant area upstream of the ralroad culvert..4.2 PH AND TOTAL ALKALNTY The normal ph range for freshwater s between 6 and 8. Alkalnty leveljs should be over 20 mg/ for the protecton of freshwater aquatc lfe (EPA, 976). ' Both ph and alkalnty data show normal levels for the lake, wth some mnor anomales such as an alkalnty of 6.8 ppm at the nlet n March of 984 and 82. ppm at the same staton n January. Ths may be related to the elevated phosphorus levels of November 28, snce ncreased phosphates can be reflected n alkalnty measurements. The cause s not known defntely but s lkely to be a result of the hgh phosphorus levels. The average alkalnty for "the lake ndcates goo_d..buf- ecng,j:ap_ac.ty_. however, so acd ran ^should not affect the lake for some tme. ph s also normal, wth summer 'rf-lake ncreases correspondng well wth algae data..4.3 SUSPENDED AND DSSOLVED SOLDS The suspended_solds _data for all statons has generally been very.jn'.gb_n comparson wth" levels normally found n ths area (DWPC,"Selected Analyss of Unpolluted Waters n Massachusetts) whle dssolved sol ds-have been well wthn state andjfederal water qualty standards. The suspended solds levels, and the hgh turbtd'ty~of the lake, may partally be due to the wndy. nature of the lake and subsequent_resus.pens.-on-of sedments. Ths appears reasonable because the hghest levels have been found at the bottom of the n-lake staton. ncomng levels are only moderately hgh, and are probably due to ran events. Another contrbutng factor may be _ algae blooms snce the peaks n chlorophyll ^ concentratons (and assocated bloom condtons) also correlate well wth the data. However, the contrbuton of each s not known. The dssolved solds levels, whle generally wthn normal ranges, ndcate that somewhat hgher levels are enterng the lake from the nlet, partcularly on the last run of January ( 29. The r January 29 levels of conductvty and chlorde correspond wth these data, probably ndcatng nput of road salt. There s also an nterestng peak on July 26, wth all statons showng a peak. At the same tme, these was also a peak for total colform at the nlet, and fecal streptococcus at all statons. However, the most recent ranfall event was on July 2st wth precptaton totallng 0.6 nches. -29

45 TABLE 6 PERCENT OXYGEN SATURATON OF NLET WATER 3/2/84 4/4/84 4/8/84 5/2/84 5//84 5/23/84 6/7/84 6/2/84 89% 7% 76% 33% 25% 2% 6% 5% 7/2/84 7/26/84 8/4/84 9/5/84 9/26/84 0/25/84 /28/84 /29/85 3/8/85 3% 8% 35% 52% 05% 6% 7% 8% 25% -30

46 .4.4 CONDUCTVTY AND CHLORDES Whle there s no standard for conductvty n freshwater systems, the data ndcate generally hgher levels n the nlet than at other statons, wth a peak on the January 29 run, as dscussed above. The chlorde data shows the same basc trend, wth the nlet exhbtng generally hgher levels. Snce the groundwater n the area s known to have chlorde levels n the range of mg/l, the nlet levels whch peak at 35, 75, and 260 mg/l do appear hgh. Only the last peak, 260 mg/l, seems to be due to road salt nput. The second peak, at 75 mg/l, was n June, and seems to correspond to elevated levels of alkalnty, Kjeldahl ntrogen, and ammona. Stockplng of salt wthn the dranage area would explan the peak of chlorde levels n June, however, mljalt-stj^xplxlju^^ occur wthn the dranage area (personal communcaton, Publc Works). "One possble source s constructon use of calcum chlorde to control dust somewhere.j.n..t.he watershed. " """" ~~.4.5 NUTRENTS The nutrent levels found at all statons of the lake are very hgh n comparson wth those found n other lakes wthn the vcnty and n Massachusetts n general (COM, data from recreatonal and water supply lake studes). Total Kjeldahl ntrogen (TKN) has been excessve durng all runs except for 4 Aprl 984, showng both hgh ncomng levels and even" hgher outgong levels, whch s expected f decomposton s occurrng both n the upstream wetlands and n the lake. Ammona ntrogen, whch can be extremely toxc to aquatc lfe, has also been very hgh, partcularly from the nlet. Ntrate ntrogen has also been consstently hgh, but wth very rregular peaks. Whle all ntrogen parameters have been found n hgh concentratons for a freshwater system, the phosphorus levels are even more excessve. nterestngly, some of the peaks such as the November peak of 2. ppm of phosphorus may smply be lab errors, although t has been rare to fnd levels of any of the nutrents that are wthn normal lmts (COM, ; DWPC Selected Analyses of Unpolluted Waters n Massachusetts). Essentally, the sheer quanttes of nutrents wll be very dffcult to deal wth. Addtonal samplng for ammona and phosphorus n the upstream wetland ndcates that the source of a large porton of phosphorus enters the nlet culvert underground. However, the source of hgh ammona levels was not found..4.6 BACTERA The results of bacteral samplng do not ndcate any sewage contamnaton, and were wthn Health Department Lmts for bathng waters. Wth the excepton of one peak for fecal streptococcus, peaks n bacteral counts were not excessve compared to other lakes and ponds n the area and are probably related to specfc storm events..5 N-LAKE DATA Chlorophyll data and the densty and types of algae were analyzed for each samplng run at the n-lake staton. The counts of algae do not -3

47 generally reflect the hgh chlorophyll admeasurements, although they follow the same trends. The dfferences may be a result of the hghly wndy nature of the lake, snce the hghest counts were usually found after several days of lttle or no wnd..6 MACROPHYTQN DATA A map of aquatc vegetaton s shown on Fgure 3, and s accompaned by a lst of speces on Table 7. Heavest growth occurs n the cove by the publc launchng ramp, the yacht club area, and the nlet area. t s notable that heavest weed growth s generally restrcted to the western and northern shorelnes of the lake. Ths s probably attrbutable to the prevalng wnds and subsequent wave acton on the eastern shore and the sharper drop of water levels on the eastern shore. There appear to be two predomnant weed related problems: ) The excessve growth of pond llles whch nterfere wth boatng actvty, and 2) floatng peces of waterweed (Elodea), whch gather on the shore near the man outlet of the pond..7 STORM SURVEYS The frst round of storm water samplng was conducted on November 29, 984. Grab samples were collected from storm drans A and B located as shown on Fgure 4. Begnnng wth the ntal flow, samples were collected at 0 mnute ntervals for the frst half hour of the storm and at 5 mnute ntervals for the remander of the cumulatve two hour samplng perod. Flow measurements were made each tme a sample was collected. Dran A s a 5-nch concrete culvert dranng from the east under Man Street. Dran B s a 8-nch concrete culvert dranng nto the southern end of Lake Quannapowtt from the Town Hall area. Although samples were collected for a cumulatve two hour perod, the one hour after peak flow crteron was n fact the shorter tme perod. Consequently, the last two samples collected at Dran A and the last sample collected at Dran B were dscarded. A set of samples from each dran was flow-composted for heavy metal analyss. The ndvdual grab samples collected at each dran were analyzed for suspended and dssolved solds, Kjeldahl-ntrogen, ammona-ntrogen, ntrate-ntrogen, and total phosphorus. n addton, a grab sample was collected at each dran before the peak flow and after the peak flow and analyzed for total and fecal colform. Table 8 lsts the results of the laboratory analyses. Fgures 5 and 6 dsplay the flow measurements and concentratons of solds versus the tme at each dran. A second storm event was sampled on May 2, 985. Durng ths event, a total of 20 samples were collected from drans B and C, shown on Fgure 4. Dran C s a 0 nch dran recevng flow from a large area of the watershed to the south and west of the lake. The same analyses were done on the samples taken durng ths storm (Table 9), but the full two hour -32

48 SEE NEXT PAGE FGURE 3 MACROPHYTE SURVEY -33 DAGNOSTC/ FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

49 MAP KEY SPECES Sagttara latfola Pontedera cordata Peltandra vrgnca Nymphaea ordorata Nuphar varegatum TABLE 7 KEY TO MACROPHYTE DSTRBUTON MAP Arrowhead Pckerelweed Arrow-arum COMMON NAME Water lly or Pond lly Yellow pond llly or Spatterdock SYMBOL SL PC PV N N RELATVE ABUNDANCE C S C A A Elodea canadenss Waterweed or dtch moss EC C Wolf fell a Watermeal W S Typha spp. Betula spp. Cornus stolonfera Cephalanthus occdental s Fraxnus ngra Cattal Gray b rch Amercan whte brch Red oser dogwood Buttonbush Black ash T B CS CO FN S A A C S Scrpus valdus Bu rush SV S Ly thrum sal can" a Purple loosestrfe LS A Sparganum spp. Bur-reed S l S Quercus rubra Red oak QR C -34

50 SPECES Acer rubrum Ulmus amercana Robna pseudo-acaca Gledtsta tracanthos Eupatorum maculatum Bdens trpartta Prunus serotlna Platanus occdentals Echnochloa crusgall Cyperus strgosus Kalmla angustfola Phragmtes communls Populus ssp. Salx ssp. TABLE 7 (contnued) Red maple Amercan elm Black locust Honey locust Joe-Pye-weed Black cherry Sycamore COMMON NAME Barnyard-grass Umbrella sedge Sheep laurel Phragmtes Poplar Black wllow Weepng w How YMBOL AR UA RP GT EM BT PS PO EC CS KA PC 2 P So RELATVE ABUNDANCE C S C C S S S S C C C S S A -35

51 DRANS DRAN C Q LEGEND Man Outlet 02 nlake Staton A Surface B Bottom 3 nlet 4 Secondary Outlet TOWN HALL FGURE 4 STORM DRANS DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

52 DRAN A Consttuent Suspended Solds (mg/l) Dssolved Solds (mg/l) Kjeldahl Ntrogen (mg/l) Ammona Ntrogen (mg/l) Ntrate Ntrogen (mg/l) Total Phosphorus (mg/l) Total Col fonn (No/00 ml) Fecal Colfonn (No/00 ml) Metals TABLE 8 RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF STORM DRAN SAMPLNG (/29/84) Flow Composte TME (MNUTES) before before PEAK peak ; peak : ! after after peak: 800 peak: 700 Chromum (mg/l) Manganese (mg/l) ron (mg/l) Copper (mg/l) Znc (mg/l) Cadmum (mg/l) Lead (mg/l) DRAN Consttuent Suspended Solds (mg/l) Dssolved Solds (mg/l) Kjeldahl Ntrogen (mg/l) Ammona Ntrogen (mg/l) Ntrate Ntrogen (mg/l) Total Phosphorus (mg/l) Total Colform (No/00 ml) Fecal Colform (No/00 ml) < < before before TME (MNUTES) peak: peak: , 300 2, 300 PEAK after peak: after peak: , Metals Flow Composte Chromum (mg/l) Manganese (mg/l) ron (mg/l) Copper (mg/l) Znc (mg/l) Cadmum (mg/l) Lead (mg/l) < < <

53 Flow (lters per second) SUSPENDED SOLDS (mg/0 f DSSOLVED SOLDS (mgrt) TME FGURE 5 FLOW MEASUREMENTS AND CONCENTRATONS VS. TME AT DRAN A (-29-84)

54 250 - DRAN B FLOW (lters per second) SUSPENDED SOLDS (mg/l) DSSOLVED SOLDS (mg/l) O 00-0 TME FGURE 6 FLOW MEASUREMENTS AND CONCENTRATONS VS. TME AT DRAN B (-29-84)

55 DRAN B RESULTS OF ANALYSES TME (MNUTES) TABLE 9 OF STORM DRAN SAMPLNG (5/2/85) Consttuent PEAK Armena Ntrogen (mg/l) Ntrate Ntrogen (mg/l) Total Phosphorous (mg/l) Suspended Solds (mg/l) Dssolved Solds (mg/l) Total Kjeldahl Ntrogen (mg/l) Total Colform (No. /00ml) Fecal Colfom (No./00/ml) before before peak: 30,000 peak: after peak: 82,000 after peak: Metals Flow Composte Chromum (mg/l) Manganese (mg/l ron (mg/l) Copper (mg/l) Znc (mg/l) Cadmum (mg/l) Lead (mg/l) < < DRAN C Consttuent Ammona Ntrogen (mg/l) Ntrate Ntrogen (mg/l) Total Phosphorous (mg/l) Suspended Solds (mg/l) Dssolved Solds (mg/l) Total Kjeldahl Ntrogen (mg/l) TME (MNUTES) PEAK Total Colform (No./lOO ml) Fecal Colfom (No./00/ml) Metal s before before Flow Composte peak: 50,000 peak : <00 after after peak: T.N.T.C. peak: 300 Chromum (mg/l) Manganese (mg/l ron (mg/l) Copper (mg/l) Znc (mg/l) Cadmum (mg/l) Lead (mg/l) < ,46 <

56 perod was sampled due to the length of the storm. Fgures 7 and 8 dsplay the flow measurements and concentratons of solds versus the tme at each of these drans. Results of the analyss ndcate generally hgher suspended solds durng the November run, wth the hghest concentratons found at Dran B. Dssolved solds were hghest at Dran A n November, but hghest at Dran C n May. Flow peaks for the November storm occurred at 30 mnutes for Dran A and at 45 mnutes for Dran B, probably reflectng the larger dranage area of Dran B. Durng the May storm, flow dd not peak untl 90 mnutes at Dran B and 20 mnutes at Dran C, although the flow at Dran B was greater n volume. As mght be expected, phosphorus, ammona ntrogen, and total Kjeldahl ntrogen (TKN) concentratons were much hgher durng the May storm_ttaj] the November ev.ett. The hghest concentratons of phosphorus and TKN were founctat Dran B durng the May storm, whle the hghest concentratons of ammona ntrogen were found at Dran C durng the May storm. Suspended and dssolved solds, ammona ntrogen, and TKN concentratons tended to peak durng the early portons of both storms at all drans. However, phosphorus concentratons tended to reman farly constant throughout the storms at all drans. Metals analyses were conducted as a flow-weghted composte for each storm on each dran. Metals concentratons were generally hgher durng the November storm, wth Dran A havng the hghest concentratons of manganese, ron and copper. The hghest concentratons of lead were found at Dran B durng the November storm, whle the hghest concentratons of znc were found at Dran C durng the May event. Cadmum and chromum were below detecton lmts for all samples. n general, all measurements were smlar or lower than those found by COM at several other lakes n the regon durng the same tme perod ( )..8 SEDMENT ANALYSS A composte sedment sample was taken on March, 985, for a number of parameters as shown n Table 0. and was analyzed The results ndcate that the materal wll be classfed as Category 2 Type C n the Dvson of Water Polluton Control classfcaton, whch means t wll be normally approvable for most types of dsposal wth effluent control. Fgure 9 shows the depth of sedments for the lake. -4

57 DRAN B Flow (lters per second) SUSPENDED SOLDS (mg/l) DSSOLVED SOLDS (mg/l) 250 Dssolved Solds Suspended Solds \ o,- «, w - T ME FGURE 7 FLOW MEASUREMENTS AND CONCENTRATONS VS. TME AT DRAN B (5-2-85) 20

58 DRAN C Flow (lters per second) 800 SUSPENDED SOLDS (mg/l) T DSSOLVED SOLDS (mg/l) 4 2 O oh + 0 DC K 0) oc Dssolved Solds f *»» ^Suspended Solds 0 TME FGURE 8 FLOW MEASUREMENTS AND CONCENTRATONS VS. TME AT DRAN C (5-2-85) 05 20

59 ^B TABLE 0 COMPOSTE SEDMENT ANALYSES LAKE QUANNAPOWTT PARAMETER ) Total ntrogen 2) Total phosphorous 3) Organc/norganc Fracton ( loss on gnton) 4} Heavy metals - Chromum - Manganese - ron - Copper - Znc - Cadmum r Lead 5) Gran sze analyses MCRON SZE x 5 5 x x x x x * Wet weght, other analyses are dry weght -44 SEDMENT mg/kg* 8.0 mg/kg* 6.5% 80 mg/kg FREQUENCY % Q.54

60 DEPTH OF SEDMENT less than foot -3 feet -=E==: 3-5 feet Jl more than 5 feet (M**** L area not surveyed FGURE 9 DEPTH OF SEDMENT -45 DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

61 U ~M p "' ~ Q ^

62 SECTON 2 FEASBLTY STUDY 2. ALTERNATVE DENTFCATON AND SCREENNG The full lst of alternatve technologes consdered for Lake Quannapowtt s shown on Table. These alternatves were evaluated usng the followng crtera: Complexty - dffculty of operaton and mantenance Flexblty - ablty to adapt to changng condtons - Experence - past success/falure of component optons Effectveness - proven capablty to produce desred "results Bologcal - mpacts on terrestral and aquatc organsms or habtats Recreatonal - ablty to produce desred recreatonal mprovements The matrx analyses, shown on Table 2, rates each alternatve based on (++) hghly benefcal or excellent; (+) benefcal or good; (0) neffectve or neutral; (-} adverse or poor. Based on ths, several alteratves were elmnated or modfed as descrbed below. 2.. FRST SCREENNG jjredgng The sze of Lake Quannapowtt makes complete dredgng mpractcal. n addton, dredgng can cause sedment resuspenson and nutrent release, partcularly n a well-mxed, turbulent lake such as ths. For these reasons, dredgng wll only be consdered n lmted areas of hgh aquatc weed growth. Aeraton and Mxng Based on the data base compled to date, the lake s already hghly aerated from strong local wnds and the large surface area vs. shallow depth of the lake. Anaerobc condtons have not been found n the bottom layers of the lake, so nutrent release s probably mnmal. Therefore, aeraton and/or mxng would probably be neffectve and unnecessary. Dversons The Carr Report suggests dverson of the nlet and a storm dran located just west of the man outlet. Any dversons, however, may result n exacerbated downstream floodng mpacts or mpacts on the Saugus Rver water qualty used as a water supply downstream," Snce floodng downstream has been a chronc problem for years, and snce the Saugus Rver essentally forms part of Lynn's water supply, these dversons are not recommended. 2-

63 PHYSCAL Dredgng Weed Harvestng Aeraton Mxng Dverson of stormdrans Treatment of nflows Benthc barrers Sewer nspectons Dluton Drawdown CULTURAL Publc educaton programs TABLE LST OF TECHNOLOGES BOLOGCAL Fsh removal and restockng Algae and zooplankton speces manpulaton Wetland treatment Algcdes CHEMCAL Chemcal precptaton Lght blockage Trace chemcal addton 2-2

64 Alternatve Dredgng + 0 Weed Harvestng 0 + Aeraton Mxng Dversons 0 Treat nflow 0 0 Sedment Blankets - + Sewer nspectons + + Dluton - 0 Drawdown 0 0 Fsh removal - + and restockng Algae & Zooplankton - 0 manpulaton Wetlands Treatment Algcdes/Herbcdes + + Chemcal Precptaton + + Lght Blockage 0 0 Trace Chemcal Addton + + Publc Educaton + + TABLE 2 PRELMNARY ALTERNATVE Key ++ hghly benefcal or excellent + benefcal or good 0 neffectve or no effect - adverse or poor 0 + SCREENNG Comments Restrct to lmted areas Compare to dredgng Elmnate Elmnate 0-0 Elmnate nvestgate nutrent budget Compare to dredgng To be nvestgated Elmnate Elmnate nvestgate need based on nutrent budget 0 0 Elmnate Elmnate Compare to long-term measures Elmnate Elmnate nvestgate beneft Develop program needs 2-3

65 n addton, the storm dran just west of the outlet mentoned n the Cam report was never found to be flowng durng ths study. t s unlkely that t contrbutes sgnfcantly to the lake's nutrent load, partcularly n lght of ts proxmty to the outlet. Dluton and Drawdown These alternatves were elmnated for two reasons: ) they are mpractcal; and 2) ther effectveness s questonable. Frst, there s no ready source of dluton water to the lake. n addton, the large volume of the lake would requre a substantal amount of dluton water for effectveness. n the second case, avalable drawdown over the wnter months s not substantal, and n addton, the lake s currently drawn down to the level possble every wnter wth lttle apparent effect on aquatc weeds. For ths reason, drawdown wll not be consdered for treatment of the lake, but may be used wth other alternatves to assst constructon actvtes. Algae and Zooplankton Speces Manpulaton n recent years, there has been some nterest n varous "bologcal manpulatons such as the addton of zooplankton to ponds to consume algae nstead of usng algcdes. Unfortunately, there s lttle practcal experence wth ths technology, and what there s has generally been plot scale or on very small ponds. Because of ) the lack of experence; 2} the fact that the algal problem s a secondary problem n ths case; and 3) the large volume of Lake Quannapowtt, t has been elmnated. Wetlands Treatment Wetlands treatment, whle becomng a popular technology, stll requres a large amount of space for mplementaton. n the case of Lake Quannapowtt, a large wetlands area already occupes the upstream portons of the nlet. The ncomng water qualty from ths nlet s not partcularly good, and ths may be a result of an above grade culvert where the B & M ralroad tracks cross the wetland. Ths culvert apparently causes stagnaton n the wetland area. However, the wetland area s also expanded by ths backwater effect, and reparng/replacng the culvert would dran part of the wetlands. Snce the wetlands are very dverse and hgh qualty, t appears that the.envronmental effects of replacng the culvert mght be excessve n comparson to the lmted benefts. Chemcal Precptaton As dscussed under aeraton and mxng, an anaerobc layer was not found n Lake Quannapowtt, makng t unlkely that nutrent release from sedments s a substantal problem. Chemcal precptaton of nutrents, then, would probably be neffectve. Another possble method to reduce nutrent release to the water column from sedment resuspenson s the use of a fly ash layer over the sedments. However, fly ash generally contans varous pollutants from the ncneraton process, and there are no known sources of "clean" fly ash n ths area. 2-4

66 Lght Blockage Currently, the turbulence and algal growth n the lake are thought to lmt lght penetraton. Because of ths, serous weed problems are generally found only n areas less than one meter deep. Because applcaton rates for any lght blockng chemcal would be large and dffcult to control, and because of the unknown effects of these chemcals on water supples downstream, partcularly aesthetcs, ths alternatve has been elmnated. The remander of the alternatves shown on Table 3 are evaluated further below based on ther effectveness n dealng wth the lake's prmary problems BASS FOR SECOND SCREENNG Lake Quannapowtt has three prmary problems, ncludng ) heavy aquatc weed growth that nterferes wth recreatonal boatng and swmmng; 2) severe algal blooms that reduce the clarty of the water, cause odor problems, and can result n unsghtly condtons; and 3) low clarty that sometmes falls below standards for bathng waters and reduces the aesthetc valuve of the lake. Each of these problems and ther prmary causes are descrbed below. Aquatc Weeds There are two prmary types of aquatc weeds n the lake, Elpdea or waterweed, and pond llles. The waterweed s a serous problem n early summer, wth floatng masses coverng a large part of the lake. Both whte and yellow pond llly become problematc later n the summer, and also cover large areas. Essentally, these plants nterfere wth boatng, makng some areas of the lake mpossble to travel through. Many of the problems seen n the lake, partcularly n the late summer, are a result of free-floatng masses of waterweed and other speces that tend to blow to the north or south sdes of the lake wth the prevalng wnds, endng up on one of the two beaches where they decompose. n Lake Quannapowtt, the shallow depth near the shorelne allows lght penetraton to the bottom, resultng n nusance aquatc weed growth. Because of the prevalng wnds and the "coves" on the west sde of the lake, ths sde experences the most severe problems. A reducton n nutrents, whch are requred for plant growth, s not expected to sgnfcantly reduce the weed problem n ths lake snce the sedments appear to have adequate levels of nutrents for the growth of aquatc weeds. Algal Blooms Several bloom condtons were recorded n Lake Quannapowtt through the samplng perod. The most predomnant algal speces was Anabaena, whch can cause odor problems as well as unsghtly condtons. As wth aquatc 2-5

67 TABLE 3 ALTERNATVES DEVELOPMENT Lmted Dredgng Weed Harvestng Treatment of nflow Benthc Barrers Fsh Removal and Restockng Algcdes Herbcdes Trace Chemcal Addton Publc Educaton Programs 2-6

68 weeds, the prevalng wnds tend to blow the algae to the north or south beaches, where they sometmes form a scum. Under calm condtons, the heavy blooms can form mats on the surface n varous parts of the lake. The hgh nutrent levels, partcularly phosphorus, now found n the water column of the lake are the prmary cause of the severe algal blooms. Low Clarty The low clarty of the lake results n benefts as well as problems. Hgh turbdty reduces the actual area that aquatc weeds can nfest, as well as lmtng growth of algae, snce plant lfe requres sunlght for growth and reproducton. However, t also nterferes wth the recreaton and the aesthetcs of the lake. Low clarty s caused by three man factors: } The generally hgh wnd acton on the lake; 2) the fne sedments on the bottom of the lake that are easly resuspended by water movements; and 3) the severe algal blooms SECOND SCREENNG Usng these prmary problems as a bass, the purpose of the second screenng s to look more closely at the nne alternatves remanng after the ntal screenng. The reasons for retanng or elmnatng each of these s dscussed below. Lmted Dredgng Lmted dredgng of problem areas of the lake would partally address the aquatc weed problem. The prmary advantages are that t s a relatvely long-term alternatve, t requres no operaton or mantenance, and t should be qute effectve where appled. There are no locally avalable dredge spol dsposal areas, so on-ste dsposal may be preferable where any dredgng s done. Ths would consst of buldng a crushed rock contanment berm for dewaterng of the spols adjacent to areas dredged. To assure thorough dewaterng, dredgng would take place n late fall followng drawdown of the lake to the greatest extent possble. Drawdown may be further enhanced by mnor alteratons to the spllway. Dredgng of the worst ten acres wth on-ste dsposal would cost on the order of $500,000. t would actually create a weed-free area of about 20 acres ncludng the spol areas whch would be grassed open space. Weed Harvestng Weed harvestng over the 0-20 acres consdered for lmted dredgng could be accomplshed at the cost of about $0,000 to $20,000 per year based on an estmated basc cost of $500/acre and two cuttngs per summer season. The lmtaton of harvestng s that t must be done each year and thus 2-7

69 results n a much larger cost over a 20 year plannng perod (approxmately $700,000 future value). t also does nothng to treat the source of the problem, but has been retaned for comparson wth dredgng. n addton, the purchase of a weed harvester that could be operated on an as-needed bass by town personnel may be a more practcal alternatve and wll be retaned as an alternatve for use n conjuncton wth other alternatves. An adequately szed harvester for ths type of use s expected to cost about $50,000. Treatment of nflow, Treatment of nflow, unless accomplshed n very smple ways, s generally prohbtvely expensve due to the large varatons n nlet flow whch must be accounted for. For example, a man-made wetlands treatment system on the nlet such as those used n wastewater treatment s estmated to requre about $,500,000 n constructon mones wth effectve nutrent control lmted only to the summer months. Such an alternatve also would requre consderable modfcaton to the exstng wetland system and wll not be consdered further. As a "sub" alternatve of nflow treatment, a sedment trap or berm could be constructed at the man nlet. Ths postve, structural control would be placed n shallow water around the nlet. t would consst of two smple berms of crushed stone wth sol or a sand/clay mxture between. A constructon cost of $50,000 to $75,000 s expected. Ths type of berm wll necesstate annual cleanng to mantan ts effectveness and possble eventual replacement of the sol. The lake would be drawn down to the greatest extent possble to accomplsh the work. Benthc Barrers (such as Aquascreen). As an alternatve to dredgng, a sedment cover or benthc barrer of synthetc materal has been consdered. Hgh densty 30 ml polyethylene or smlar sheets of synthetc materal would be placed n shallow water areas and anchored wth concrete blocks or weghts. f sold sheets were utlzed, small holes or ports would have to be provded to vent gases found n the decomposng matter n the sedments. At the shorelne, the materal would be covered wth a layer of sand for aesthetc reasons. Ths alternatve has an effect smlar to dredgng, especally n the shallow water areas. The estmated constructon cost s about $450,000, to cover about 20 acres. There s consderably less sedment dsturbance than wth dredgng and therefore less potental for envronmental damage. However, the lner wll probably need to be removed each fall and replaced n the sprng, addng a substantal operatons and mantenance cost. Also, ths materal s relatvely untested and ts actual duraton of effectveness s unknown. As wth dredgng, the cost may be reduced by lmtng the number of acres treated, but agan the effectveness wll be proportonately reduced. 2-8

70 Fsh Removal and Restockng Based on the large external phosphorus loadngs, removal and restockng of fsh are not expected to sgnfcantly affect the nutrent budget. Addtonally, the U.S. Fsh and Wldlfe Servce annually stocks the lake, and the popular gamefsh n the lake would be destroyed along wth the trash fsh. For these reasons, ths alternatve has been elmnated. Algcdes/Herbcdes Use of algcdes/herbcdes s not consdered a long-term measure. Although herbcdes could have lmted applcaton n shore areas, the dead aquatc plants would create nusance condtons, especally n boat moorng areas, and add to the nutrent problems. Because the other methods consdered here have the potental for long-range effectveness, these chemcal applcaton alternatves have been elmnated from further consderaton. Trace Chemcal Addton t may be possble to add slca to the lake n late sprng to allow datoms (algae) to contnue to domnate the phytoplankton populaton. Theoretcally, nusance blue-green algae would not be able to reproduce nto "bloom" condtons because of competton wth datoms. However, slca measurements were not made durng the study, so the effectveness of ths alternatve s unknown. t should therefore be consdered only on a "test-case" bass f phosphorus n the water column s not substantally reduced by removal" of pont sources and other methods. Publc Educaton Programs Fertlzer use on lawns, cemeteres, and golf courses n the watershed should be reduced f possble, and the use of detergents contanng phosphorus should be elmnated, partcularly for boat washng n the lake but also for car wa hng_j_n_t.he^wa,tershed. Snce phosphorus-_free_ detergents are generally avalable,_.t..s smply a matter of educatng re~stdehts~abbut the problems wth phosphorus-based detergents as well as nformng them how to reduce fertlzer use. A program to dstrbute ths nformaton should be ncluded n any project mplemented at Lake Quannapowtt. 2.2 FNAL ALTERNATVES A total of nneteen alternatve technologes were evaluated durng the frst part of the feasblty study. Ten of these were elmnated durng the frst screenng snce they were napproprate to ste-specfc condtons at Lake Quannapowtt. Fve more alternatves were elmnated durng a second, more detaled screenng snce ther effectveness was found to be very lmted. Of the remanng four alternatves, one was selected for defnte ncluson n the project. Ths s the development of a publc educaton program. 2-9

71 The remanng alternatves were developed nto two alternatve "projects", usng combnatons of the four. These are descrbed below, and ther advantages and dsadvantages are lsted on Table 4.,2.2. ALTERNATVE : LMTED DREDGNG AND NLET BERM Project Descrpton n ths project, dredge spol s dsposed on-ste behnd a berm snce there s no avalable dsposal ste n the area, and transportaton to a landfll, f one could be found wth avalable space, would make the opton consderably more expensve. n addton, a bermed control structure s ncluded at the nlet to reduce sltaton and fllng n of the lake, and to reduce phosphorus by sedmentaton. The sedmentaton basn created by the berm would requre perodc cleanng to mantan ts effectveness. A sol layer that would flter out dssolved phosphorus could be added to the berm. The technology has been used for the treatment of wastewater plant effluent, but ts effectveness under saturated condtons s unknown. At Lake Quannapowtt, t would probably be most effectve when the nlet flow s ncreasng and passng through prevously unsaturated portons of the berm. However, the use of the sedment control structure would be expected to reduce partculate phosphorus substantally. Although extensve dredgng was examned, f all weedy areas were dredged, the cost could exceed 6 mllon dollars (not ncludng dsposal), so the acreage to be dredged was reduced. f some of the worst weed-nfested areas on the west sde of the lake are dredged usng hydraulc dredgng, the project s more reasonable. The alternatve shown on Fgure 20 comprses dredgng of about 45,000-55,000 cubc yards of materal, wth dsposal n a bermed area near the Lord Wakefeld nn. Addtonally, the project ncludes the purchase of a small weed harvester to be operated by town personnel on an as-needed bass. Because of the large sze of the lake and the extensve weed problem, the approxmately $50,000 nvestment would be consderably more cost-effectve than contracted weed harvestng at about $0,000-20,000 per year over a 20 year plannng perod. A cost summary s gven on Table 5. Effect on Nutrent Budget As mentoned n Secton, elmnaton of the suspected pont source (auto dealershp) to the nlet would result n a reducton of the phosphorus load to,570 kg/yr. Partculate phosphorus makes up from 50% to 90% of the phos phgr;us m watershed runoff. Wth a sedmentaton basn desgned to remove 98% of the suspended partcles, t was assumed that the nlet load could be further reduced by 70% resultng n an annual load of,024 kg. t was then assumed that the use of a phosphorus-free fertlzer such as "Lakeshore Lawn Fertlzer" could further reduce phosphorus loadng by 30%, resultng n a total annual load of 77 kg. The effect of the sand/clay layer n removng dssolved phosphorus s mpossble to predct because of the many unknown factors. For ths reason, no reducton from the sand/clay 2-0

72 TABLE 4 SUMMARY OF ADVANTAGES AND DSADVANTAGES OF FNAL ALTERNATVES ALTERNATVE COMPONENTS ADVANTAGES DSADVANTAGES Lmted Dredgng nlet Berm Weed Harvester Purchase Good expected effectveness Low annual cost Hgh captal expense, somewhat lmted knowledge of degree of effectveness of nlet, berm, some mnor mantenance Sedment Blanket Floatng Booms Contracted Weed Harvestng Reduced captal expense Hgh annual expense, symptomatc treatment only, possble mantenance problems wth bl anket and unknown length of effectveness 2-

73 V*!. JX AREAS OF DREDGNG -- BERMS fpnew LAND AREAS -"" MADE USNG DREDGED MATERAL FGURE 20 ALTERNATVE Q 2-2 DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

74 TABLE 5 COST COMPARSON OF FNAL ALTERNATVES ALTERNATVE COMPONENTS ANNUAL COST' ' CAPTAL COST Lmted Dredgng $500,000-$575,000 nlet Berm $,500^ 50,000-75,000 Weed Harvester Purchase 2,000^) 50,000 TOTAL 3, , ,000^^ 2 Sedment Blanket 5 5,000^' $450, ,000 Floatng Booms 2,000^3' 0,000-7,000 Contracted Weed Harvestng $0, , TOTAL $7, , , ,OOO^4' * J Operatons and Mantenance Cost - Not covered under lakes grant program. (2) (3\ v Captal cost ncludes 25% Engneerng and Contngences. nclude any land-takng. Does not ' Operaton and mantenance to be performed by DPW personnel--not fundable as "n-knd" servces. (A\ x ' Does not nclude nflaton. 2-3

75 layer was added. n addton, wth weed harvestng takng place twce each year, 224 kg/yr would be elmnated from the nternal loadng, assumng 2 kg/ha phosphorus removal (Hutchnson, A Treatse on Lmnology, 975). The trophc status was calculated usng the Dllon/Rgler method (Fgure 2). Although the results look promsng, they should be nterpreted wth cauton snce ths model assumes phosphorus lmtaton ALTERNATVE 2: WEED CONTROL LNER Project Descrpton The components of ths alternatve are use of a lner to control weeds along the western edge of the pond. t also ncludes contracted weed harvestng, wth two cuttngs per season, and two weed control booms at the beach areas to collect floatng weeds. The sedment blanket nvolves a hgh densty 20 ml polyethylene or smlar sheets of synthetc materal to be placed n shallow water areas and anchored wth concrete blocks or weghts. f sold sheets are utlzed, small holes or ports would have to be provded to vent gases found n the decomposng matter n the sedments. At the shorelne, the materal would be covered wth a layer of sand for aesthetc reasons. There s consderably less sedment dsturbance than wth dredgng and therefore less potental for envronmental damage. f lmted areas of the lner become covered wth enough slt to support plant growth, the areas can be recovered or the lner cleaned hydraulcally. However, ths adds a yearly mantenance cost not found n Alternatve, Because the sedment blanket would not cover all weedy areas of the lake, annual weed harvestng (two cuttngs) s also ncluded. The harvestng would be accomplshed by a contractor as n the past. Weed/algae control booms are ncluded at the beach areas to prevent wash up of materals, partcularly algae, whch wll reman durng some portons of the year. Effect on Nutrent Budget Alternatve No. 2 s not expected to have as sgnfcant an effect on the nutrent budget. The only changes wll be: ) the mprovements ganed from removng the phosphorus source from the nlet (auto dealershp), whch wll occur wth ether alternatve, and the effects of the publc educaton program n reducng fertlzer use; and 2) the removal of the weed bomass wth semannual weed harvestng. The_j 0phc st,a.tus was calculated as shown on Fgure SELECTED ALTERNATVE Because of the sgnfcantly hgher phosphorus removal found n Alternatve, as well as ts smaller annual cost and greater relablty, ths alternatve has been selected for mplementaton. The exact effect on algal growth caused by the nlet berm s not known. However, t s lkely that there wll be some reducton n the degree or frequency of the massve blooms that now occur. t s also lkely that turbdty n the lake wll be reduced, resultng n greater clarty and less chance of beach closure 2-4

76 0.0 PRESENT TROPHC STATUS MEAN DEPTH (m) L: AREAL PHOSPHORUS LOADNG (g/nayr) R: PHOSPHORUS RETENTON COEFFCENT T: HYDRAULC RETENTON TME <yr) 00.0 FGURE 2 DLLON/RGLER TROPHC STATUS LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD MA

77 due to low clarty. The fnal beneft wll be the control of aquatc weeds by frequent as-needed weed harvestng. Ths wll be benefcal n that aquatc weeds can be thoroughly controlled wth only a small annual cost, and n addton, the bomass of the weeds wll be removed from the lake thereby reducng the nutrent nput from ther decomposton. (See Table 6 for a cost breakdown of the selected alternatve.)' Although Lake Quannapowtt cannot be totally renovated because of ts hgh nutrent levels, the choce of no-acton does not seem plausble. The "no-acton" alternatve would result n contnued and rapd degradaton of the recreatonal potental of the lake, wth a probable ncrease n beach closures due to low clarty, and a worsenng of poor aesthetc condtons and nterference wth recreaton. Consderng the current heavy recreatonal use of the lake and ts central locaton n the Town, the effects of no acton would be severe. 2.3 PUBLC PARTCPATON Two publc meetngs were held n Wakefeld to dscuss the project, revew fndngs, and obtan nput from the affected resdents. The frst meetng was held on October 7, 984, and was attended by about 20 persons. Durng ths meetng, the purpose of the study, the fndngs-to-date, and the prelmnary alternatves were revewed. The resdents expressed strong nterest n preservng the lake for recreaton, and expressed no defntve preferences or prejudces for any partcular alternatve. The second publc meetng was held n the summer of 985 near the end of the study. Agan, about 20 nterested resdents were present, ncludng members of the Conservaton Commsson. The fnal alternatves and results of the study were presented to obtan nput on what the selected alternatve project should be. Support for the project was evdent, although no real preference between alternatves was shown. One concern expressed was that any berm on the nlet should not cause upstream floodng. The prmary concern, however, was that weed problems should be allevated as much as possble. 2.4 SCHEDULNG AND MONTORNG PROGRAM 2.4. SCHEDULE The mlestone schedule below outlnes the tasks to be completed before and durng mplementaton of the project. The responsblty for each task s also noted. Mlestone Pate November, 985 January 5, 986 May 5, 986 Task Deadlne for Draft Fnal Phase Report Deadlne for Prortzaton for Fundng Deadlne for Local Match Commtment 2-6 Responsblty Camp Dresser & McKee nc. Dvson of Water Polluton Control (DWPC) Town of Wakefeld

78 ^w TABLE 6 COST BREAKDOWN OF SELECTED ALTERNATVE Est. Annual ' ' Est. Captal Components Cost Cost Work Covered by Chapter 628. Lmted Dredgng $500,000-$575, 000 l 2. nlet Berm $ 50,000-$ 75, Weed Harvester Purchase $ 50, Modfcaton to Outlet $ 5,000-$ 0, 000 Work Not Covered By Chapter Mantenance and Cleanng of nlet Berm $,500 () v ' Al costs are estmates only 6. Operaton of Weed Harvester $2,000 TOTAL COST $3,500 $605,000-$70, 000 (2) v ' ncludes 25% Engneerng and Contngences 2-7

79 Mlestone Date May 3, 986 July, 986 July 5, 986 August, 986 August 0, 986 Task Deadlne for Full Program Requrements Complance Development and Approval of Substate Agreement Purchase Weed Harvester ssue Phase Request Proposals Deadlne for Proposals for Selecton of Consultant for Fnal Desgn August 5, 986 Begn Fnal Desgn September 5, 986 Submt Permts October 5, 986 Pre-bd Conference October 3, 986 Select Contractor November 5, 986 January 5, MONTORNG PROGRAM Begn Constructon Completon of Constructon Responsblty Town of Wakefeld Dvson of Water Polluton Control Town of Wakefeld Town of Wakefeld Town of Wakefeld Town of Wakefeld Consultant Consultant Consultant Town of Wakefeld, Consultant Contractor Contractor For the nterm before constructon begns, monthly montorng should be conducted begnnng n June to determne the effect of removng the phosphorus loadng from the nlet culvert (suspected to be from the car dealershp), and to establsh a baselne for dssolved and partculate phosphorus. Ths monthly montorng should contnue through constructon (to begn n November of 986) and through the followng October (987). Seasonal samplng should then contnue through the three year postconstructon montorng perod (through October of 989). The schedule s summarzed n Table 7. Parameters for all samplng runs should nclude the followng: () temperature profles wth one meter ntervals (2) dssolved oxygen profles wth one meter ntervals (3) ph (4) suspended solds (5) dssolved solds (6) conductvty (6a) chlordes (7) Kjeldahl-ntrogen 2-8

80 TABLE 7 MONTORNG SCHEDULE Month YEAR 986 L H A M_ 2 2 X X A X X 2 X X 2 X 987 X X X X X X X X X X 988 X X X X 989 X X X X 2-9

81 (8) ammona-ntrogen (9) ntrate-ntrogen (0) phosphorus; dssolved and partcpate () ron (2) slca (3) flow rate (4) total and fecal colform bactera (5) phytoplankton (6) chlorophyll a_ Parameters through 2 must be measured at the surface and bottom of the n-lake staton, and the nlet and outlet (except as noted). Flow rate wll be measured at the nlet and the outlets. Total and fecal colform wll be measured at the nlet and outlet and the surface of the n-lake staton. Phytoplankton and chlorophyll a_ wll be measured at the surface of the n-lake staton, Table 8 summarzes the proposed schedule for spendng and completon of work, 2.5 ENVRONMENTAL EVALUATON 2.5. HSTORCAL REVEW A letter from the Massachusetts Hstorcal Commsson s ncluded n the Appendx. No archaeologcal/hstorcal resources are known to occur n areas to be dsturbed CHEMCAL TREATMENT Not applcable DREDGNG ANALYSES A total of about 45,000-55,000 cubc yards s proposed to be dredged n the area near the nlet on the northwest sde of the lake and on the west sde near the yacht club snce weed harvestng would be dffcult here because of the boat moorngs. Pror to the dredgng, the lake wll be drawn down to the greatest extent possble by a modfcaton at the outlet works nvolvng temporary removal of part of the plate that acts as a dam. A flashboard to replace ths wll be constructed so that the lake can also be drawn down n the future f necessary. Although dredgng wll be hydraulc, the drawdown wll allow constructon of the contanment berm where the dredged materal wll be placed. Addtonally, dewaterng and compacton of the materal after dredgng wll also be facltated by the drawdown. The spols wll be moved to the bermed contanment area by ppe (hose) for placement and dewaterng. The contanment berm wll be constructed of crushed rock lned wth flter fabrc to prevent sltaton mpacts on the lake. After dewaterng and stablzaton of the spol, the contanment area wll be reseeded and mulched to provde addtonal grassed areas. a-20

82 ^^f w Frst Quarter TABLE 8 PROPOSED WORK AND SPENDNG PLAN LAKE QUANNAPOWTT Development and approval of substate agreement ssue Phase Request for Proposals Purchase Weed Harvester Selecton of Consultant Begn fnal desgn Prepare and submt permt applcatons Monthly montorng Second Quarter Complete fnal desgn Pre-bd conference Select contractor Begn constructon Monthly montorng Thrd Quarter Complete constructon Monthly montorng $53,500 $366,750 $9,450 Fourth and Ffth Quarters Monthly montorng ($4,050 per quarter) Sxth Through Fourteenth Quarters Quarterly montorng $,350 per quarter) O_O $ 8,00 $ 2,50

83 * Although temporary turbdty s expected to occur durng dredgng, mpacts wll be mnmzed by the late fall constructon tmng. mpacts from the spol dsposal wll be mnmzed by the flter fabrc lnng on the berm and because the lake wll not be reflled untl the next sprng allowng t to stablze over several months. Although the sedments n Lake Quannapowtt are classfed as Categor^Z, - Type C, permt restrctons should not prevent the dredgng snce adequate measures to contan the spol materal are ncluded. The dredgng wll be done durng late fall and whle the lake s drawn down, so water qualty mpacts wll be mnmzed. The requred permts are lsted n Secton FSH AND WLDLFE MPACTS The drawdown should mnmze constructon mpacts on water qualty by the reducton n resuspenson of dredged materals. Although the total volume of the lake wll also be reduced durng the tme the lake s drawn down, no sgnfcant mpacts on fsh and wldlfe are expected snce drawdown wll occur only once durng the wnter when bologcal actvty s at a mnmum. Weed harvestng, used durng sprng and summer as necessary, should not have any sgnfcant negatve envronmental effects. The effect on water qualty, however, should be benefcal n that the weeds wll no longer decompose n the lake. Letters from the U.S. Fsh and Wldlfe Servce and the Massachusetts Natural Hertage Program are ncluded n the Appendx. No rare speces or ecologcally sgnfcant communtes are known to exst n the vcnty of Lake Quannapowtt MTGATON MEASURES Overall, t s not expected that there wll be any sgnfcant long-term adverse mpacts of the project. The prmary adverse mpacts are constructon-related mpacts from dredgng and constructon of the berms. These constructon mpacts wll last about 2-3 months, and there may be some mnmal dust, nose, and traffc dsrupton. These wll be mnmzed by work schedulng and dust control measures. Most of the mpacts wll be benefcal n the long-term. 2.6 PERMTTNG The followng permts are lkely to be requred. Also ncluded are the forms requred, the agency nvolved, and the name, address and telephone number of the approprate contact person. Samples of the forms may be found n the Appendx. Permt applcatons would be the responsblty of the Phase consultant, except for the Envronmental Notfcaton Form whch was fled on Aprl 5, 986. A copy s ncluded n the Appendx. 2-22

84 Local Permt/Approval, Order of Condtons Form: Notce of ntent State/Permt Approval Ch. 9 Waterways Lcense Form: Lcense Applcaton Determnaton of need for Envronmental mpact Report Form: Envronmental Notfcaton Form Water Qualty Certfcaton Form: Standard Applcaton Form Federal Permt/Approval Department of the Army Permt Form: Applcaton Agency Mr. Gene Guffre Wakefeld Conservaton Commsson Wakefeld, MA 67/ Mr. Charles Natale Chef Waterways Engneer Dvson of Wetlands and Waterways Regulaton Department of Envronmental Qualty Engneerng One Wnter Street Boston, MA / Mr. James S. Hoyte Secretary of Envronmental Affars Executve Offce of Envronmental Affars 00 Cambrdge Street Boston, MA / Ms. Judy Perry Dvson of Water Polluton Control Department of Envronmental Qualty Engneerng One Wnter Street Boston, MA / Department of the Army New England Dvson, Corps of Engneers Regulatory Branch 424 Trapelo Road Waltham, MA Attn: Mr. Robert DeSsta 67/

85 APPENDX A GRANT APPLCATONS

86 COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVRONMENTAL QUALTY ENGNEERNG DVSON OF WATER POLLUTON CONTROL CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM REQUEST FOR ASSSTANCE. The legal name of the lake or pond and ts locaton. FORM DWPC Lake Quannapowtt, Wakefeld, Massachusetts 2. Statement of ownershp. f the water rghts are owned by a prvate concern then ths also must be stated. Publcally owned 3. A detaled descrpton of the publc access area(s) ncludng ts locaton relatve to the lake and publc roadway.. Ths descrpton must nclude a locus map clearly ndcatng the publc access area(s). There are three publc access locatons to the lake: } Boat ramp off North Avenue at southwest sde of the lake 2) Publc beach and park south sde Man St. 3} Publc beach Man Street N. 4. Descrpton of recreatonal uses of the lake. Be sure to nclude hstorcal uses, f dfferent. Swmmng, wadng, salboatng, wndsurfng, motorboats, canoeng, ce-fshng, fshng, ceboats, pcnckng, joggng and walkng, other passve recreaton also. 5. Descrpton of the partcular problems and nusance condtons affectng the lake. Turbdty, algae blooms, heavy aquatc weeds 6. What type of project would you lke to have mplemented? Phase mplementaton project 7. Submtted by: Return to: Mr_. Rchard C. Boutette Ap~plleant's Name (prnt or type) Drector of Publc Works One Lafayette Street Address Wakefeld. MA Cty/Town f(s7 Terr NO. Lakes Secton, Dvson of Water Polluton Control, Lyman School, Westvew Buldng, Westborough, Massachusetts

87 **</o</«**! N LOCATON OF PUBLC ACCESS DAGNOSTC/FEASBLTY STUDY LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS

88 FORM OWPC COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF ENVRONMENTAL QUALTY ENGNEERNG DVSON OF WATER POLLUTON CONTROL CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM APPLCATON FORM. Legal Applcant Applcant Name and Ttle: Mr. Rchard C. Boutette, P.E. Drector of Publc Works Address: Town of Wakefeld One Lafayette Street Telephone: Wakefeld, MA 0880 (67) Type of Applcaton: }oagnostc/feasblty Study {^/Restoraton/Preservaton Project Mantenance Program 3. Lake or Pond nformaton a. Legal name of lake or pond: Lake Quannapowtt b. Locaton of lake or pond: Wakefeld, Massachusetts c. Descrpton of the objectves or goals of the study or project. For what purpose s ths applcaton beng made and what are the antcpated benefts to the publc? The purpose of the project s to halt the rapd deteroraton of ths heavly used recreatonal resource. By slowng the accelerated eutrophcaton of ths lake, and by cleanng up problem areas, the lake can provde hgh qualty recreaton for the many people who use t. 24

89 Form DWPC Data Requrements a. Applcaton for Dagnostc-Feasblty Study The objectves of the dagnostc-feasblty study nclude the data requrements of Appendx A - Date Requrements for Dagnostc- Feasblty Studes. t s possble that the applcant does not requre a complete dagnostc-feasblty study but rather a partal one due to an exstng body of recent lmnologcal data. t s therefore mportant for-the applcant to be as thorough as possble n the submsson of the requested data. Usng Appendx A as a gude, the applcant should submt any of the requred data whch are avalable. Such data should be current, especally bologcal and chemcal data. b. Applcaton for mplementaton of long-term restoraton projects or preservaton technques. The nformaton and data requrements specfed n Appendx A from a dagnostc-feasblty study or ts equvalent. Refer to. Draft fnal Report of Dagnostc/Feasblty Study c. Applcaton for Water Qualty Mantenance Program 5. Applcant* The applcaton requrements are dentcal to those of 3.E.U) dagnostc-feasblty study applcaton. Lafayette Street Address Drector of Publc Works Wakefeld. e Massachusetts 0380 Ttle Cty/Town / Date _, Telephone No. Return to: Lakes Secton, Dvson of Water Polluton Control, Lyman School, West vew Buldng, Westborough, Massachusetts

90 APPENDX B DATA GRAPHS

91 Lake Quannapowtt Wakefeld. Massachusetts o 3 O a E o /2 4/4 4/L8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D 3 O 2B / ; nlet n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

92 Lake Quannapowtt Wakefeld. Massachusetts d C 9 O» 5? o 2 onn 5-2 J 4 t> t> / e 9 0 n 2 rz 3 u 4 5 a / 8 u 3/2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D 3 nlet n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

93 Lake Quannapowtt 0 Wakefeld. Massachusetts c o o W M C Q> O O Q_ 20-0 T r /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 a 3 o & : -: nlet n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

94 Lake Quannapowtt Wakefeld, Massachusetts * *-^r a ^ T ^ /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 n ^ -> 2B nlet n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

95 90 Lake Quannapowtt Wokefcld. Massachusetts 80 H 70 H o o u 60 H E a o X < /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 O 3 nlet - O 2fc A.-: 4 n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

96 40.0 Lake Quannapowtt Wakefteld. Massachusetts a o tn o c9 a. 3 W a B 3/2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D 3 ' --*. & *-B At ' * nlet n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

97 650 Lake Quannapowtt Wak«feld, Massachusetts E a n D 3 nlet n-lake Surface B 9/26 0/25 /282/28 /29 3/8 $ 26 A n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

98 . Lake Quannapowtt Wok«f«td, Massachusatts u M EC o co u /2 4/ /8 5/2 ~~ r~ / 5/23 6/ /2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/ B 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D 3 nlet 28 A n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

99 Lake Quannapowtt Wakeftold. Massachusetts a o> 0 ** z 0 +«o d t /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 O 3 nlet n-lake Surface O 2B A n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

100 3.0 Lake Quannapowtt Wak«f«ld. Massachusetts n O a *-/ n 3 0 r an 0 a. o d /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D nlet n-lake Surface O 2B A n-lake Bottom Man Outlet 4 Second Outlet

101 2.600 Lake Quannapowtt Wak«f«ld\ Massachusetts H o fc.600 -o c.400 o o /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D 3 nlet A : 4 n-lake Surface Man Outlet Second Outlet

102 400.0 Lake Quannapowtt Wokefeld, Massachusetts o H E c H 0 u o u 9 u H \ /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 D nlet.*, A n-lake Surface Man Outlet Second Outlet

103 Lake Quannapowtt Wak«f«ld, Massachusetts D :=8,000 + =,000 x = 7,000 o O c n 3 o u 0 u o tn o u /2 2 4/4 3 4/8 4 5/2 5 5/ 6 5/23 7 6/7 8 6/2 9 7/0 0 7/26 8/ S /6 9/26 0/25 /282/28 /29 3/8 D 3 nlet n-lake Surface Man Outlet Second Outlet

104 UU.U Lake Quannapowtt Wakefeld, Massachusetts T \! ; / ', ,' (mg/m3) o X a 0 0 Z o / \ / / ^ / \\ \! \, \ ~~" -. / \ r ^ \,, '* * /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 n-lake Surface

105 9 Lake Quannapowtt Wakeffeld, Massachusetts 8-7 H ft T-- -X n S r oo9 5-4 H -e- e- 2 3/2 4/4 T 3 4 4/8 5/ / 5/23 6/ /2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 n n-lake

106 APPENDX C DATA TABLES

107 280.0 Lake Quannapowtt Wakefeld, Massachusetts u n O a TJ 'C OZ a S /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 O nlet n-lake Surface A $ 2t n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

108 Lake Quannapowtt Wokefeld. Massachusetts E a O o "5 *-* * /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 O nlet O 2B A n-lake Surface n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

109 Lake Quannapowtt Wakefflld. Massachusetts n 0 E *^ a o *c oe E /2 4/4 4/8 5/2 5/ 5/23 6/7 6/2 7/0 7/26 8/4 9/6 9/26 0/25/282/28/29 3/8 a 3 nlet n-lake Surface 6 2B A n-lake Bottom Man Outlet Second Outlet

110 3 U T :? T r, T a L-

111

112 Parameter pk Unts Staton nlet n-lake m n-lake 3m Outlet # Outlet 2 l-mar-s NA 04-Apr NA 3-Apr-S NA 02-Ma y- 3 4 N A NA NA NA NA. -Msy-3^ 6, , 7,2 3-Msy-3.7 7,4 7.4 NA Jun-84 S NA 7.3 l-jun NA 7.5 lo-jul NA Jul-S NA Au 3-S4 NA NA NA 05-Sep NA NA 26-Sep-84 NA NA MA ^-Gct-S ,2 7,0 7.2 NA 23-No y MA S-Oec-34 NA NA NA NA N-?-Ja-:-35 6.S NA NA b. / b. y 7. 0 NA NA

113 Pararne ter Unt c tat fv _ v. J_ 04-Apr -Apr U - -May -May J u n 84 O ". -Jun Jul -Ju Au = Sep c5 "* U C' t M - T s o n cr T -,. -L.,C et O.8 _. 0 er NA 3r NA 44, *.. '. - n -lake m 2Q !.. A 3 3, 3 ^; o =. cl -Jj. s 2 "7 4 3 K Alkal n ty pprn as Ca n-lake 3m cl _, 56.4 cl / tt U NA. ' < b,'s. 3, 4 NA 27 g 4 Cu tlet OC. 23,3!.! K. ' NA,"-/ h ). -. NA NA! '"' NA 23, S ': A

114 Parameter Un ts S t a t? n 2 -Mar -84 0< -Apr-S4 ls-apr-84 OS-Mav-34 ll-msy Ma»-34 * 07-J:jn-S4 2-Jun Jul-84 -, 4-A-q-~84 Q5-Sep Sep-y* c t "No M -""c'4 2^~Dec-34 oq_, T=r _q=r 7",- S-:_M _,, _oer ' Su sp ended Sol ds ppm nlet n -lake m n -lake 3rr? Outlet 4^ NA NA, , 3 -; c -; -" - K.' 2, NA 5, NA 0,,0 5. >-JA NA MA 9.5 3,4 NA 7,3 0,5 3.4 NA NA 5.4 ll. NA ^ 3. ' 0. ; " : 0.9 2, , 0 NA NA NA NA =5 5.6 N NA

115 Parameter U n t s b t a t o F: 2-Kar Apr-84 3-Apr- '4 ll-may-84 C7-Jun-S4 2-Jur.-S4 05-Sep Oct-34 2S No v Dec- 34 nlet "' C C O.-. *_< a ^ , , ,0 NA 245,0 NA 66.3 NA Dssolued Sol ds ppm n-lake rn NA , NA NA S , ,0 Outlet

116 Par arne t er un ts S 3 " on 2-M3r Apr-S4 3-Apr-34 :-,.-, *,A _., _ O.3 L' ~f -eav - <-* :t ay -!; ^0-,-^X-OM 07-., : un-b4 _ J u n - S 4 O-Jul-S4 * 2S-Jul-S4 as-sepll" -:3ep-c!4 M ^^V l l l l l l ll J^ "*" ^' '-^ '-- "~ ' ^T O p _[v - : :"' ^ """^" nlet Conduct v ty u mhos/ cm n lake rn n lake 3rnOut=t c- = r, /! r, f-,. f; "! --' -.J OTU d-ru G r~ ~r >. A h A " TOU.NM ; :» : c t-. o n '~' "" s -' d. cr "^ j J / O -J t. _>' w H ^0 K A \r-l o tr r, - : -_"_-.-, c; n O-JU NA NA NA NA 05G JA J-t ; sr

117 Par ame ter Unt zt at on -Mar Apr -34 -Ap r May -84 j v < _.. T " ->4 ~< o -May Jun -84 'Bl -Jur, R j. U-Jul A u -~ Sep -_ ^ j- p - -^' Oc t -84 oo -N o KJ l O-Dec O T jl ' T _- net el O 'j j^l t-3 NA f^ * O ~'. 0 NA / -> '- en ' y. 5 NA c? n-lake ;~ 76. X! A S S _ 59. = ;'~T r ,-rc* 7 0 T; N 4 c; Ch or de ppm as Lake NA S 66 Cl 3m Ou p.0, L.9 NA 73, ^ tlet 3= , NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 67,4 NA Outlet * NA NA K. ;... NA NA k.!..-\ NA *, '.- '

118 ( Parameter Un t-s '" ^-. *-; -.!*j 2-!*!ar Ap-r 84 8-Apr~84 t- --, _f.^ _.. ^ p».l ll-may-s4 23-May Jun-84 2-Jun-34-0-j!jl'S4 25 Jjl T A.. _ O yl -4 M<J '-; dt -, [= _.-. _ r^o/ :^ -^'^ :': ^t-sep-b4 25-Cct'34 23-Nnu-84 -,-. r, -,.. ^- ' w' ^ ' ' * 23 Jan "3 5 f OS-Mar -35 otal Kjeldahl Ntrogen Ppm nlet n-lake rnln-ake 3mOutlet * Out let =? NA 0, MA NA.55 NA NA NA NA NA ,45.07 NA NA ' NA.24 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA L> n = o OO "- n U. "? ; o - ^.. - ~ ou '-'. *4. on OU. Nf.*. NA NH Nft NA NA ,3 NA NA 3, NA NA

119 Parameter Un ts 3 -a t o n -Mar Apr-8. ' A P r J s,-«_.., 34 -May May- E'4 ^,' 07-Jun- 2-Jun- 34 Q-Julw o '"** * J U J. """ Auq- 34 G5-Sep Sep Oc t Nov D e c <t=. 5 >-' S 0 3 M a r Z' >=: n L 0 j lj_ A t-, j & let.os "* '^-.03 n "? NA.35 NA ' T'.26 NA rcr. _?o /J_cr; Ammon a ppm as N n-lske m n-lake 3m Gut st *0utlet 3=: NA NA C.05 ' 0 = C. 77 NA , 44 NA NA NA NA NA J - -L / : j. y b 0 = S3 NA S3 NA 0 = C U» J. c> 0.3 C NA 0.30 C L' 'T - L :-: T ~J.- '_' _' '. U >. - K :/ v ; " "F -"" ~ _' j. O f_.6 NA, 32 NA.30 NA.35 NA , 23 0 «25 NA NA - -: K!.-'-.. l -_ J 'H~* NA Nrr- NA NA NA NA T. :/ - : ^<~~. L "-,

120 Parameter Ntrate Un ts pprn as N Staton nlet n-ake mlr-ake SrnOutlat lgutlet $ 2-Mar NA 04-Apr a NA 3-Apr-34 0,50 0, NA 0 2-May-34 0.SO NA NA 0.30 NA -May SO 0.SO 0. SO 0,SO 23-May-S4, ,50 NA 0,SO D7-Jcn NA C.O 2-J un N A 0-Ju , NA 2S-Ju ,50 NA 4-Au 5~34 NA 0,SO 0 = 50 NA D5-3ep NA 26-Sep-84 NA NA 5~G'ct , >r s-'jec-y-"- NA NA NA NA -Jan-35 0, NA

121 Parameter To tal Phosphorus Unts ppm as P S t s t o n 2-Mar-S4 2.S7 2.S3 2.S3. 04-Apr-S4 2.SO 2.SO 2.SO Ap r S 0.S 0=6 0. -S 02-May NA NA 2.40 ll-may , Jun S3.45 NA 0-Ju NA 05-Sep-S4 0, NA 25-3ep-34 NA C.53 0,60 NA 25-Gct-S ,33 *..-' - H **' 'J O ' ' _ h/l! ct ^- l T ' H - w* ^

122 Parameter Total Col form Unts Number / loornl Staton nlet n-lake moutlet #0utlet 3 2 -Mar -34 C NA 04-Apr NA ls-apr-s NA 02-May NA 7 NA l-m3j; G May NA 4S J u n S 8 N A 74 2-Jun NA 20 C _L LJ """ L: : _J -L ^^ O ^T"."~ r_3 ]fcl _._^ r~- j \ f^ f^,. 2 S - J u N A 0 4-Aus-34 NA 4 NA NA 05-Sep-34 SOO NA NA 26-3ep-34 NA 0 NA NA 5-Dct NA 2S-Nov-S4 S NA 2S-Dec-S4 NA NA ' NA NA? Q. T C ' '_ -3 s n t '_' _! '-' ^ _! C' l_l f' J n Sr \ ', 4~ K ' - " - OS-Mar NA NA

123 Parameter Fecal Col form Un t s Number / C Cml Staton nlet n -lake rnoutlet #0ut t * 2-Mar-S NA 04-Apr NA 8-Apr NA 0 2 -M a y NA 6 N A l - '!'!-3V ' ' *"!" -. -L C -t '- f- 07-Jun NA 3 2-Jfjn-3^ 32 2 NA 0 lu-,ju NA 9 23-Jul-34 3 NA 0 4-Aus~84 NA 2 NA NA 05-3sp-S4 400 NA NA 26-Sep-34 NA 0 NA NA 25-Oc t NA 2S-Nov-S4 23~Dec-84 Q NA 4 NA 6 NA NA NA - - ^ c:_'-'jan~ : 3=.- C" ~" jb - U. NA T JNH OS-Mar-85 4 u NA NA f

124 Parameter LJn ts S t a t o n 2 -Mar Apr-34 ls-apr Hay -34 ll-may May-34 G7-.jLn-34 2-Jun-84 0-Jul Ju AUQ-34 fj "5 C; ^ =-, -; 2 G - 3 e p t c rt * ~ -~ ^- - --f _.'. 3 "4 p c-t _ T -. - _ D c; Uo-Har-y^ Fecal Streptococcus Number / 00ml nlet n -lake m Ou.tlet # Outlet * 22 ' 4 0 NA N A NA 4. NA 2 NA CO NA NA NA NA NA 375 NA 3 NA NA NA NA M.*.!Nf- - '~t j M/'- NH -,!/ S NA N A NA NA NA NA 2 0 NA NA 33 0 NA NA

125 DATES Phytoplankton (Cells/me) Datoms Blue Greens Greens Other Pgmented Algae TOTAL 3 Chlorophyll (mg/m ) LAKE QUANNAPOWTT RESULTS OF PHYTOPLANKTON AND CHLOROPHYLL a_ ANALYSES 3/2/84 4/4/84 4/8/84 5/2/84 5//84 5/23/84 6/7/84 6/2/84 7/0/ NA DATES 7/26/84 8/4/84 9/5/84 9/26/84 0/25/84 /28/84 2/28/84 /29/85 3/8/85 Phytoplankton (Cells/me) Datoms Blue Greens Greens Other Pgmented Algae TOTAL 3 Chlorophyll a_ (mg/m ) NA

126 Par ame t er Ch o r o p hy -'n ts ~ mg/m3 w t a t o n n - a k e rn "3 ' _M -,-.- _C> " -7 sr P Apr Apr r< "-j k/j _. C / > A '-' ~ - -^ > ' ' T" ' -) 2 23-May~S ^^, yt 5 _. l -f lc-jj~84 3,53 ' L" "!^ c O O ^ p,j_ A] : Pl O=T ^ n 2 -S8p-S4 y'3, 0 25~Oct S -N o y -34,87 23-Jan-35 7, 0D J ',, _ -_ -_ d «e_ 0

127 : l = -a r --Apr

128 APPENDX D ENVRONMENTAL NOTFCATON FORM

129 P. APPENDX A COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTVE OFFCE OF ENVRONMENTAL AFFARS ENVRONMENTAL NOTFCATON FORM. SUMMARY t A. Project dentfcaton. Project N Lake Quannapowltt Restoraton 2. Board of Publc Works, Town of Wakefleld One Lafayette Street. Wakefeld, MA B. Town of Wskefeld. Locaton wthn dry/town or street Ma'n 2. Est. Commencement Pate: 0/R6 Appro*. Co«t «660,000.Ect. Completon Current Status.._... of Project,. De*, 0 ^Complete (prelmnary desgn complete) C. Narratve Summary of Project Descrbe project and gve a descrpton of the general project boundares and the present use of the project area. (f necessary, use back of thb page to complete summary). The proposed project results from the recommendatons of a Dagnostc/ Feasblty Study of Lake Quannapowtt under the Chapter 628 Massachusetts Clean Lakes Program. Ths program focuses on mprovng the recreatonal potental of lakes and ponds n Massachusetts, and as a result of these studes, a number of mprovements desgned to reduce aquatc weed and algae problems have been proposed. The prmary components of the project are as follows: Dredgng ten (0) acres on the west sde of the lake to elmnate the weed problem n ths area; Placement of the dredge spols on-ste behnd a bermed area near the Lord Wakefeld nn; Placement of a bermed control structure at the nlet to reduce sltaton and phosphorus levels enterng the lake; and Annual weed harvestng to further ncrease recreatonal uses. Copes of ths may be obtaned from: Eleen Panneter Address-. One Center Plaza, Boston. MA Q2Q8' - Camo Dresser & MrKpp nc. Phone No 74P-R5 THS S AN MPORTANT NOTCE. COMMENT PEROD S LMTED.

130 Use Thl Page to Complete Narratve. f necessary. P. 2 Ths project s one whch s categorcally ncluded and therefore automatcally requre* preparaton of an Envronmental mpact Report: YES NO % D. Scopng (Complete Sectons and H frst, before completng ths secton.). Check those areas whch would be mportant to examne n the event that an ER s requred for ths project. Ths nformaton s mportant so that sgnfcant areas of concern can be dent&ed as early as possble, n order to expedte analyss and revew. Open Space & Recreaton Hstorcal Archaeologcal Fsheres & Wldlfe Vegetaton, Trees Other Bologcal Systems nland Wetlands Coastal Wetlands or Beaches. Flood Hazard Areas Chemcals, Hazardous Substances, Htph Rsk Operatons Geologcally Unstable Areas Agrcultural Land Other (Specy) Constructon mpacts Long Term mpacts ^Mneral R esources.energy Use.Water Supply & Use.Water Polluton.Ar Polluton, JSose.Traffc.Sold Waste.Aesthetcs Wnd and Shadow.Growth mpacts.communty/housng and the Bult Envronment., Construe* - ton mpacts Long Term mpacts 2. Lst the alternatves whch you would consder to be feasble n the event an ER s requred. Project Alternatve No Acton Alternatve

131 f P. 3 E. Ha«ths project been fled wth EOEA before? Y«fYes.EOEANo _ EOEAActon? No F. Do«9 ths project fall under the Jursdcton of NEPA? Ye». f Yes. whch Federal Agency? No X NEPA Status?. G. U«the State or Federal agences from whch permt! wll be sought: Agency Name U.S. ACOE DEQE, DWPC DEQE, Dvson of Wetlands and Waterways Type of Perm t 404 Permt Water Qualty Certfcaton Chapter 9 Lcense H. Wll an Order ofcondltons be requred under the provsons of the Wetlands Protecton Act (Chap. 3. Secton 40)? Yes_X No DEQE Rl«No., f appbrable:. Ust the agences from whch the proponent wll se«k fnancal assstance for ths project: Agency Name Fundng Amount Massachusetts Department of Envronmental Qualty Engneerng, Clean Lakes Program $495,000. PROJECT DESCRPTON A. nclude an orgnal 8V xll nch or larger secton of the most recent U.S.G.S. :24,000 scale topographc map wth the project area locaton and boundares clearly shown. nclude multple maps f necessary for large projects. nclude other maps, dagrams or aeral photos f the project cannot be clearly shown at U.S.G.S. scale. f avalable, attach a plan sketch of the proposed project. B. State total area of project: _ L a _. Estmate the number of acres (to the nearest /0 acre) drectly affected that are currently:. Developed <V \ acre* 4. Ftoodptan 2. Open S pace/woodland*/recreaton acres 5. Coastal Area 3. Wetlands (0pejl..Vfgter) lh.acres 6. Productve Resources Aqrculture Forestry Mneral Products... acres acres acres acres acres C. Provde th«followng dmensons, f applcable: Length n mles N/A Number of Housng Unts N/A Number of Stores N/A Exstng mmedate ncrease Due to Project Number of Parkng Spaces _N/A. N/A Vehcle Trps to Project Ste (average daly traffc) N/A ' 3 Estmated Vehcle Trps past project ste N/A N/A D. f the proposed project wll requre any permt for access to local or state hghways, please attach a sketch showng the locaton of the proposed drveway(s) n relaton to the hghway and to the general development plan: dentfyng all loc* and state hghways abuttng the development ste: and ndcatng the number of lanes, pavement wdth, medan strps and adjacent drveways on each abuttng hghway; and ndcatng the dstance to the nearest ntersecton.

132 .jjk.. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTAL ADVERSE ENVRONMENTAL MPACTS P. 4 nstructon*: Consder drect and ndrect adverse mpacts, ncludng those arsng from general constructon and operatons. For every answer explan why sgnfcant adverse mpact s consdered lkely or unlkely to result. Al*o, state the source of nformaton or other bass for the answers suppled. f the source of the nformaton, n part or n full, «not lsted n the ENF, the preparng offcer wll be assumed to be the source of the Jn/o rr.aton. Such envronmental nformaton should be acqured at least n pan by Red nspecton. A. Open Space and Recreaton. Mght the project affect the condton, use or access to any open space and/or recreaton area? Y«_X No Exp/ancffon and Source: Open space area of the cul-de-sac off North Avenue wll be ncreased by the revegetated spol area. General recreatonal use of Lake Quannapowtt s expected to be mproved because of the reducton n aquatc weeds and algae that nterfere wth recreaton. B. Hstorc Resources. Mght any ste or structure of hstorc sgnfcance be affected by the project? Yes No Explanaton and Source.* See attached letter from the Massachusetts Hstorcal Commsson. 2. Mght any archaeologcal ste be affected by the project? Yes No X_ Explanaton and Source: As above.- C. Ecologcal Effects. Mlqht the project sgnfcantly affect fsheres or wldlfe, especally any rare or endangered speces? Yes No * Explanaton and Source: The lake wll be drawn down to the extent possble before work on the shore begns to mnmze water qualty mpacts. Dredgng wll be hydraulc and wll result n some short-term water qualty mpacts n the vcnty of the work. Long-term effects on fsheres are expected to be benefcal. No mpacts on rare or endangered speces are expected {see attached letter from Massachusetts Natural Hertage Program).

133 P Mght th«project sgnfcantly affect vegetaton, eepecady any rare or endangered tp*c«of punt? Yes _ No L_ (Estmate approxmate number of mature trees to be removed: - ) Explanaton and Source; No rare/endangered speces should be affected, however, a small strp of borderng wetlands vegetaton (approxmately,000 sq.ft.) wll be removed durng the work, but s expected to reestablsh along the new shorelne (2,500 sq.ft.) as part of the weed harvestng program. (SOURCE: COM, 985) 3. Mght the project alter or affect flood Hazard areat. nland or coastal wetland* (e.g.. estuares, marshes, sand dunes and beaches, ponds, streams, rvers,fshruns, or shellfsh beds)? Yes - No - Explanaton and Source; Approxmately 0 acres of "land under water" wll be altered by dredgng actvtes.,000 feet of "bank" and,000 sq.ft. of borderng wetland vegetaton wll also be dsturbed durng constructon. 4. Mght the project affect shorelne eroson or accreton at the profsct st*, downstream or n nearby coastal anas? Yes No_* Explanaton and Source: No change n hydrology expected, although nlet berm wll reduce levels of suspended solds enterng the lake. 5. Mght the project nvolve other geologcally unstable areas? Yes No_JL Explanaton and Sourer: D. Hazardous Substances. Mght the pro>ect nvolve the use, transportaton, storage, release, or dsposal of potentally hazardous substances? X Yes No. Explanaton and Source

134 E. Resource Conservaton and UK. Mght the project affect or elmnate land sutable for agrcultural or tor wry producton? Ye» No y (Descrbe any present agrcultural land use and farm unts affected.) Explanaton and Source; P Mght the project drectly affect the potental use or extracton of mneral or energy resources (e.g.. ol. coal, sand & gravel, ores)? Yes No Explanaton and Source: 3. Mght the operaton of the project result n any ncreased consumpton of energy? Yes * No Explanaton and Source: (f applcable, descrbe plans for conservng energy resources.) Short-term energy use for heavy equpment actvtes only. F. Water Qualty and Quantty. Mght the project result n sgnfcant changes n dranage patterns? Yes No Explanaton and Source: 2. Mght the project result n the ntroducton of pollutants nto any of the followng: (a) Marne Waters Yes No (b) Surface Fresh Water Body Ye* X No (c) Ground Wat«Yes No_} Explan type* and avanttc* of pollutant*. Dredgng wll cause short-term ncreases n the turbdty of the lake. t wll be done durng the fall and early wnter, however, when outlet flow does not occur so that there wll be no downstream mpacts.

135 T P Wll the project generate santary sewage? Yes No o f Yes, Quantty: gallon* per day Dsposal by: (a) Oncttc septc systems Yes No (b) PuWk sewerage systems Yet No (c) Other means {descrtbe)^_^ 4. Mght the project result n an ncrease n paved or mpervous surface over an aqufer recognsed as an mportant present or future source of water supply? Yes No * Explanaton and Source: 5. s the project n the watershed of any surface water body used as a drnkng water supply? No Are there any publc or prvate drnkng water wells wthn a / 2- mle radus of the proposed project? Y» _ No X Explanaton and Source; The outlet stream of the lake eventually enters a pond used for water supply by the Cty of Lynn. SOURCE: Wakefeld DPW. 6. Mght the operaton of the project resuh n any ncreased consumpton of water? Yes Approxmate consumpton Explanaton and Source: gallons per day. Ukely water sources) Does the project nvolve any dredgng? Yes X NO f Yes, ndcate: Quantty of materal to be d %«d 45,000-55,000 cubc yards Qualty of materal to be dn»d g >d Category 2, Type B Proposed method of dredgng hydraulc Proposed dsposal *t«on-stp harmng above water lne Proposed»eason of year for dodgng fall and parly wntpr Explanaton and Source; Sedment depth measurements and composte sample analyses taken durng Dagnostc/Feasblty Study to determne quantty take off, general depth contours (proposed and exstng) and qualty of materal. Table shows results of analyses and Fgure 2 s sedment depth contour map

136 G- Ar Qualty. Mght the project affect h«ar qualty n the project area or the mmedately adjacent area? VM X _ No Descrbe type and»ource of any polluton emsson from the project ste... _. P. 8 Constructon dust and emssons only. 2. Are there any senstve receptors (e.g., hosptals, schools, resdental areas) whch would be affected by any polluton emssons caused by the pro>ect. ncludng constructon dust? Yes X^. No Explanaton and Source: Areas adjacent to work ste are resdental/cormercal. Approxmately 0 houses wll be affected by constructon. A motel, the Lord Wakefeld nn, les adjacent to the ste. 3. Wll access to the project area be prmarly by automoble? Yes X^ No Descrbe any specal provsons now planned for pedestran access, carpoollng, buses and other mass transt. N/A H. Nose. Mght the project result n the generaton of nose? Yes _X.- No Explanaton and Source: (nclude any source of nose durng constructon or operaton, e.g.. engne exhaust, ple drvng, traffc.) Constructon nose from trucks and dredgng equpment wll occur durng the short-term constructon perod. 2. Are there any senstve receptors (e.g., hosptals, schools, resdental areas) whch would be affected by any nose caused by the project? Yes _X_ No Explanaton and Source; Resdental area adjacent to the ste on the south and the motel on the north.

137 P. 9 ). - Sold, Mght the pro}ect generate sold waste? Yn No X Explanaton and Source: (Estmate types and approxmate amount! of waste mat tral generated, e.g.. ndustral, domnc. hosptal. sewage sludge, constructon debrs from demolshed structures.) Dredged materal to be dsposed of on-ste. wll be taken to the Town's dsposal area. Weeds harvested from the Lake J. Aesthetcs. Mght the project cause a change n the vuuat character of the project area or ts envrons? Ye»J5 No Explanaton and Source; The recreatonal uses of the lake, whch nclude salboatng, swmmng and many passve shorelne uses should be mproved by ncreasng the clarty of the water and removng the now dense aquatc weed growth. 2. Are there any proposed structures whch mght be consdered ncompatble wth exstng acf acent structures n the vcnty n terms of sze, physcal proporton and scale, or sgnfcant dfference* n land use? Ye» No-* Explanaton and Source: 3. Mght the project mpar vsual access to waterfront or other scenc areas? Yes Exp/aoor/on on d Source: No K. Wnd and Shadow. Mght the project cause wnd and shadow mpacts on adjacent propertes? Yes Explanaton and Source; No

138 V. CONSSTENCY WTm PRESENT PLANNNG P. 0 A. D«*crtbe any known conflct* or nconuteneet **th current federal, state *nd local land UM. tr«n»ponarlon, open psce, recreaton and envronmental plan* and polces. Consult wth local or regonal plannng authortfe* where approprate. None known. V. FNDNGS AND CERTFCATON A. The notce of ntent to fb«ths form has been/wll be publshed n the followng neu*paper(*) (Name) _Wakefeld Da_y tem.(date) 4/5/86 B. Ths form has been crculated to al agences and persons as requred by Appendx B. Date Sgnature of Responsble Offker or Pro)ect Proponent Mr. Rrhard C. Name (prnt or type) Drector of Publc Works Tnwn Mal ; OHP [af a yette Street MA Telephone Number W Sgnature of person preparng ENF (f dfferent from above) Ms. Eleen Panneter Name (prnt or type) Camp Dresser & McKee nc. Address One Center Plaza. Boston. MA OPTOfl Telephone Number

139 CAMP-CURTS,'NATONALJ GUARD V. K f. & fc K y. *^\ ^--j, r.'. 5T V.''/-.NTERCHANGE- H ^ /.'." 3*j >>!>-AREAS OF DREDGNG BERMS LAND AREAS c M*-* - ocr... «r_ vor MATERAL LOCUS MAP FGURE WOO FEET LAKE QUANNAPOWTT WAKEFELD, MASSACHUSETTS