SCREW PRESS ROTARY PRESS TABLE 6 COMPARISON OF SLUDGE DEWATERING EQUIPMENT SLUDGE DRYING SLUDGE DRYING PROCESS...

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1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 2 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... 3 SCOPE OF REPORT... 3 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 4 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES... 4 ANALYST CREDENTIALS... 5 RELATED BCC RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS... 5 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 5 DISCLAIMER... 5 CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY... 6 SUMMARY... 6 SUMMARY (CONTINUED)... 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT AND ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)... 8 SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT AND ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS)... 8 CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW... 9 OVERVIEW... 9 GLOBAL WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT TABLE 1 PRIMARY SLUDGE TREATMENT METHODS, EQUIPMENT AND PROCESS OBJECTIVES FIGURE 1 SLUDGE TREATMENT AND BIOSOLIDS DISPOSAL/REUSE OPTIONS TABLE 2 ANNUAL SLUDGE PRODUCTION IN RELATION TO POPULATION, BY COUNTRY (DRY TONS, MID-2011) THE PUBLIC S ROLE IN SLUDGE MANAGEMENT SLUDGE DISPOSAL Selecting a Sludge Disposal Method Selecting a Sludge (Continued) Available Options for Sludge Disposal Agricultural Use Additional Land Application Incineration Landfilling TABLE 3 THE MOST COMMON BIOSOLIDS USE OR DISPOSAL ROUTES IN MIDDLE AND HIGHER INCOME COUNTRIES TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)... 22

2 SLUDGE DISPOSAL REGULATIONS PRETREATMENT STANDARDS Pretreatment Standards (Continued) Clean Water Act Enforcement Action Plan Clean Water Act (Continued) Public Treatment of Private Waste EUROPEAN REGULATIONS MAJOR INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY AND RELATED AGENCIES APPROACHES TO WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT THE WASTEWATER REFINERY Pathways for Sludge Reuse TABLE 4 MARKETABILITY OF SLUDGE PRODUCTS Wastewater Reuse WASTEWATER CONTAMINANTS AND SLUDGE MUNICIPAL SEWAGE FOOD AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING CAFOS TANNERIES PHARMACEUTICALS CHEMICALS, PETROCHEMICALS PULP AND PAPER POWER GENERATION METALS PROCESSING AND FINISHING CHAPTER FOUR: SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT SLUDGE DIGESTION EQUIPMENT ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Process Steps Batch or Continuous Methods Temperature PH Levels Solids Content Retention Time Stages Residence Time AEROBIC SLUDGE DIGESTION Advantages and Disadvantages of Aerobic Digestion TABLE 5 COMPARISON BETWEEN AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC TECHNOLOGIES SLUDGE DEWATERING BELT PRESS CENTRIFUGE Centrifuge (Continued) FILTER PRESS... 52

3 SCREW PRESS ROTARY PRESS TABLE 6 COMPARISON OF SLUDGE DEWATERING EQUIPMENT SLUDGE DRYING SLUDGE DRYING PROCESS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DRYING SLUDGE TYPES OF SLUDGE DRYERS Disc Dryer Drum Dryer Fluidized Bed Dryer NOVEL EQUIPMENT COST TABLE 7 ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL WASTEWATER COSTS REQUIRED FOR SLUDGE MANAGEMENT, SELECTED COUNTRIES FIGURE 2 ESTIMATED PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL WASTEWATER COSTS REQUIRED FOR SLUDGE MANAGEMENT, SELECTED COUNTRIES (%) GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION ENERGY USE ECO-DRY SLUDGE GASIFICATION MaxWest Gasification System Nexterra Gasifier Pyrobustor SUPERCRITICAL WATER OXIDATION AquaCritox SuperWater Process CARBONIZATION SlurryCarb TORREFACTION Eco Pyro-Torrefaction ThermoFuel THERMAL HYDROLYSIS Cambi Process CELL LYSIS-CRYPTIC GROWTH Physical-Chemical Processing Crown Disintegration System MicroSludge Technology Pulsed Electricity Ultrasonic Disintegration Ozonation Sidestream Anaerobic Reactor... 73

4 Cannibal ELECTRO-DEWATERING Cinetik CHAPTER FIVE: THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT MARKET THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE TREATMENT THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE.(CONTINUED) U.S TARGETED NATIONAL SEWAGE SLUDGE SURVEY SLUDGE TREATMENT METHODS IN THE U.S TABLE 8 BIOSOLIDS TREATMENT METHODS IN THE U.S. (NUMBER/TONS) MEXICO TABLE 9 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN MEXICO BY PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TREATED VOLUMES (%) FIGURE 3 MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN MEXICO BY PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TREATED VOLUMES (%) TABLE 10 PROCESSES USED FOR NONMUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN MEXICO (%) FIGURE 4 WASTEWATER TREATMENT PROCESSES IN MEXICO BY PERCENTAGE OF ALL WASTEWATER TREATED (%) BIOSOLIDS REUSE IN MEXICO CANADA TABLE 11 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 5 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS) THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE DIGESTION MARKET THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE (CONTINUED) THE NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE (CONTINUED) TABLE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE DIGESTION EQUIPMENT, BY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 6 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE DIGESTION, BY TECHNOLOGY, ($ MILLIONS) NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE DEWATERING MARKET NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE (CONTINUED) NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE (CONTINUED) TABLE 13 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE DEWATERING EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS)... 92

5 FIGURE 7 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE DEWATERING EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS) NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE DRYING MARKET NORTH AMERICAN SLUDGE (CONTINUED) TABLE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE DRYING EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 8 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE DRYING EQUIPMENT, ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER SIX: THE INTERNATIONAL SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT MARKET INTERNATIONAL SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT MARKET INTERNATIONAL SLUDGE TREATMENT (CONTINUED) INTERNATIONAL SLUDGE TREATMENT (CONTINUED) THE EUROPEAN SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT MARKET U.K U.K. (Continued) SCANDINAVIA Norway Finland Sweden Denmark POLAND FRANCE GERMANY Wastewater and Sludge Treatment Biosolids Disposal TABLE 15 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 9 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, ($ MILLIONS) THE ASIA-PACIFIC SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT MARKET THE ASIA-PACIFIC SLUDGE (CONTINUED) SCENARIO IN KEY ASIA-PACIFIC COUNTRIES Australia Australia (Continued) Singapore and Malaysia Malaysia Singapore Japan Japan (Continued) China

6 China (Continued) India Thailand TABLE 16 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 10 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, ($ MILLIONS) GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR (CONTINUED) GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR (CONTINUED) TABLE 17 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 11 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT, BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 18 ESTIMATES OF FUTURE WASTEWATER SLUDGE PRODUCTION IF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ATTAIN THE SERVICE COVERAGE OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR (CONTINUED) CHAPTER SEVEN: ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR TYPES OF ODORS SOURCES OF ODOR ODOR MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT USED FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT USED FOR ODOR CONTROL (CONTINUED) TABLE 19 SUMMARY OF COMMONLY USED ODOR CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES PHYSICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT Activated Carbon Activated Carbon (Continued) Ozone Generators Advantages: Disadvantages: CHEMICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT Wet Scrubbers Thermal Oxidation

7 Thermal Oxidation (Continued) BIOLOGICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT Biofilters Biotrickling Filters Bioscrubbers Bioscrubbers (Continued) Bioscrubbers (Continued) CHAPTER EIGHT: THE NORTH AMERICAN ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET THE NORTH AMERICAN ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET THE NORTH AMERICAN ODOR (CONTINUED) TABLE 20 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 12 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS) NORTH AMERICAN PHYSICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET CARBON ADSORPTION REGENERATIVE THERMAL OXIDIZERS TABLE 21 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR PHYSICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 13 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR PHYSICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS) BIOLOGICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT Biological Odor Control (Continued) TABLE 22 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOLOGICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 14 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR BIOLOGICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, ($ MILLIONS) CHEMICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET Chemical Odor Control (Continued) TABLE 23 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR CHEMICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 15 NORTH AMERICAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR CHEMICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY SEGMENT, ($ MILLIONS)

8 CHAPTER NINE: THE INTERNATIONAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET THE INTERNATIONAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET THE INTERNATIONAL ODOR CONTROL (CONTINUED) THE EUROPEAN ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET GERMANY SCANDINAVIA U.K FRANCE TABLE 24 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 16 EUROPEAN MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, ($ MILLIONS) THE ASIA-PACIFIC ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT MARKET AUSTRALIA SINGAPORE AND MALAYSIA JAPAN CHINA KOREA TABLE 25 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 17 ASIA-PACIFIC MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY COUNTRY, ($ MILLIONS) GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT TABLE 26 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2017 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 18 GLOBAL MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH FOR ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT, BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER TEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE THE SLUDGE TREATMENT EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY SLUDGE DIGESTION EQUIPMENT SLUDGE DEWATERING EQUIPMENT SLUDGE DRYING ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY PHYSICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT CHEMICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT BIOLOGICAL ODOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT CHAPTER ELEVEN: COMPANY PROFILES ADI SYSTEMS, INC

9 ADWEST TECHNOLOGIES, INC ALFA LAVAL ANDRITZ, INC ANGUIL ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS APC TECHNOLOGIES, INC AQUATEC-MAXCON PTY, LTD ASHBROOK SIMON-HARTLEY BECKART ENVIRONMENTAL, INC BIOREM, INC BRIGHT TECHNOLOGIES CALGON CARBON CORP CENTRISYS CORP COLT TECHNOLOGIES DEGRÉMONT TECHNOLOGIES OZONIA DUCON TECHNOLOGIES DÜRR ECOLAB THE ENVIRONMENTAL GROUP, LTD. (EGL) FUKOKU KOGYO CO. (FKC) GE WATER AND PROCESS TECHNOLOGIES GEA WESTFALIA SEPARATOR GMBH HANGZHOU XINGYUAN FILTER PRESS CO., LTD HANS HUBER AG HOFFLAND ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. (HEI) JOHNSON SCREENS KEPPEL SEGHERS, INC KINE-SPIN BARRETT KOMLINE-SANDERSON KURARAY CHEMICAL CO, LTD MEADWESTVACO CORP. (MWV) MEGTEC SYSTEMS, INC MET-CHEM, INC MET-PRO ENVIRONMENTAL AIR SOLUTIONS MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTS, INC MONSAL, LTD NESTEC, INC PENTAIR, INC OVIVO PAQUES BV PARKSON CORP PRD TECH, INC PRESS TECHNOLOGY AND MANUFACTURING (PT&M) SEVERN TRENT SERVICES

10 SIEMENS WATER TECHNOLOGIES SCHMACK BIOGAS AG SMITH & LOVELESS, INC THERMAL PROCESS SYSTEMS TRIVENI ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIES, LTD UEM GROUP US CENTRIFUGE UTS BIOGASTECHNIK GMBH VEOLIA WATER KRUGER BIOTHANE N.A. WATER SYSTEMS WALKER PROCESS EQUIPMENT WESTECH ENGINEERING, INC XYLEM. INC