Metrology for LNG. Metrology for LNG workshop Gerard Nieuwenkamp Noordwijk aan Zee, 4 th April 2017

Transcription

1 Metrology for LNG custody transfer and transport fuel applications Metrology for LNG workshop 2017 Gerard Nieuwenkamp Noordwijk aan Zee, 4 th April 2017

2 Metrology: The science of measurement Measurements are seen as the cornerstones of trade, science and technology Keywords are: Traceability, comparability, uncertainty Trust, reliability A measurement is a comparison between the quantity (unit) you want to know or to determine, with the one you think to know (the standard) (wikipedia) VSL - Beyond all doubt 2

3 Metrological traceability Traceability pyramid (mass) Grand K National PtIr Reference standards NMI internationally accepted SI units Working standards NMI Accredited laboratories Industry VSL - Beyond all doubt 3

4 Many activities between source and the point of use Ocean tanker Receiving terminal Pipeline gas Road tanker Small ship Bunkering/Fuelling stations Trucks Ships Buses VSL - Beyond all doubt 4

5 Energy content of LNG (=money!) Energy Volume x Density x Gross Calorific Value Source: GIGGNL Custody transfer handbook, 3 rd edition Traceability based on a Metrological infrastructure did not exist!! (2009 -)

6 Metrology for LNG roadmap (2009) What about finance / funding?

7 EMRP / EMPIR European Metrology Research Program ( ) European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research ( ) -23 participating European Countries -Individual national research funding collected by EU and doubled! -Collaborative project proposals in several themes: -environment - energy - industry - health - etc -Per call 8-10 projects funded (>60 ideas) -Budget 2-3 M per project -REGs / RMGs (Research Grants) -unfunded partners from industry/university etc. -in EMPIR: funded partners from industry/university VSL - Beyond all doubt 7

8 Based on the succesful EMRP results, the new 8 years EMPIR program has started VSL - Beyond all doubt 8

9 EMRP / EMPIR: call for energy LNG ( ) - Primary LNG mass flow standard (25 m 3 /hr) - Density literature study and experiments for new EoS LNG II ( ) - MidScale calibration facility at the Rotterdam Maasvlakte (400 m 3 /hr) - Methane number algorithm and experiments - Flow (USM, coriolis, LDV), density and composition measurements - Thermodynamic properties, density equation of state LNG III ( ) - Study flow disturbance effects on measurement uncertainty - Design and build liquefier for LNG composition reference standards - In-line (sensor) measurements for composition, density, MN, MS and particles (Worldwide) Industrial support VSL - Beyond all doubt 9

10 Partners / sponsors coordinator VSL - Beyond all doubt 10

11 Highlight of first EMRP project: LNG I:Primary LNG mass flow standard, 25 m 3 /h VSL - Beyond all doubt 11

12 Uncertainty sources in primary flow standard Supplying tank Partly undefined direction of flow during switch over Weighing tank Fixed connection causing non-constant forces on scale Pump Flow meter to be calibrated Reference for calibrations Uncertainty in mass collected between MUT and Reference Realized with uncertainty of 0.08% (0.12% for meter under test)

13 Examples of actual EMRP projects: LNG II: Unique calibration facilities on de Maasvlakte Designing, building and validating a mid-scale LNG mass and volume flow calibration facility

14 Plans in EMPIR project: LNG III: full uncertainty budget for flow meters (400m 3 /hr) Total uncertainty is not only based on ideal conditions: Test parameters: Presence of upstream disturbances (bends, fittings and other obstructions). Presence of 2 nd phase (Nitrogen is proposed as a second phase for LNG and air for water) Different Coriolis meter and ECT inclinations Testing with and without insulation jacket under cryogenic conditions Tests for Coriolis response time, thermal stability and non-nonlinearity Feasibility study for a piston prover as a primary standard and for an upscaling of the facility to 1000 m 3 /hr VSL - Beyond all doubt 14

15 LNG composition measurement Aims: Produce an accurate, lab-based sampling and analysis reference method to test and calibrate commercially available sampling/ composition measurement systems Develop methods to sample and vaporize LNG in a representative and homogeneous fashion Validate Raman spectroscopy methods for composition analysis and compare the results obtained to those from GC methods Study the effects of long-term storage on LNG composition Sampling point New sampler VSL - Beyond all doubt 15

16 Quantity (unit) LNG Composition reference standard Raman Probe Laboratory tests: LNG reference gas in Liquefier/ measurement cell Liquefier and Raman measurement cell Insulation shield LNG reference gas (known composition) Measurement 1 (Reference) Reference Liquefier Developed within the project Sampler & Vaporizer Supercritical vaporizing Measurement 2 (Result) Reference Result LNG calibration gas VSL - Beyond all doubt 16

17 LNG density measurements Specifications T-range: 90 K to 300 K p-range: 0.05 MPa to 12 MPa Homogeneous + saturated liquid (incl. vapor pressure), hom. gas Δρ/ρ < 0.05 % (incl. mix. unc.) Single-Sinker Densimeter for cryogenic liquid mixtures at Ruhr-University Bochum VSL - Beyond all doubt 17

18 Single-Sinker Densimeter for Cryogenic Liquid Mixtures of Richter, Kleinrahm, Lentner and Span (2015) Novelty! MSC: first time operated at cryogenic temperatures 18

19 Improved Equation of State implemented in new release of GIIGNL handbook.cfacs. VSL - Beyond all doubt 19 19

20 Methane Number (MN) Algorithm with uncertainty! Methane Number MN (NPL) Ranking of knocking resistance of gases (expressed in MN/ like octane number for petrol) Developed MN algorithm based on experimental data from detailed study by AVL Includes correction for nitrogen and higher hydrocarbons Algorithm shows good agreement with other popular methods (e.g. DGC, MWM) MN-algorithm DGC MWM Emirates Norway Libya Oman Alaska LNG origin sources DGC - Danish Gas Company MWM - Motorenwerke Mannheim MN (MWM) VSL - Beyond all doubt 20

21 Methane Number Selected mixtures for MN study Selected mixtures represent commercially available mixtures and their variations in composition well Resulting MNs cover a very broad range allowing for sufficient feedback for the algorithm Selected mixtures Components Mol fractions (% mol/mol) Nitrogen Methane Ethane Propane iso-butane n-butane iso-pentane n-pentane VSL - Beyond all doubt 21

22 MN algorithm calculations VSL - Beyond all doubt 22

23 RCM and SI engine tests Determination of knocking resistance: Ignition delay time measurements Using Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) 3 stoichiometries 5 temperatures between 500K and 900K Pressures bar Spark-Ignition (SI) engine measurements Test with 2 types of engines Test with reference gas (CH 4 + H 2 ) Test with all selected mixtures Test with different engine speeds, intake cam position, and center of combustion Algorithm and validation results will be communicated with standardization communities VSL - Beyond all doubt 23

24 LNGIII : Development and validation of in-line sensor techniques Engine measurements for: Composition Methane Number Methane Slip Particles (LNG and LBG) simultaneously measuring speed-of-sound and density (91 < (T/K) < 110) VSL - Beyond all doubt 24

25 Contribution to the LNG business Reduced flow measurement uncertainty, well-defined properties and knowledge about the behavior of LNG will contribute to the market acceptance and the sustainability of the LNG business VSL - Beyond all doubt 25

26 Thanks to all who contributed so far and looking forward to continue in future projects. VSL PO Box AR Delft The Netherlands Are there any questions? T F E I info@vsl.nl gnieuwenkamp@vsl.nl