Impact of pipelines on land use in rural areas in Turkey

Transcription

1 DOI /s RESEARCH Open Access Impct of pipelines on lnd use in rurl res in Turkey Birol Als * *Correspondence: birol.ls@okn.edu.tr Architecture nd Urbn Plnning Deprtment, Voctionl School, Okn University, Istnbul, Turkey Abstrct This pper exmines whether the prceliztion of lnd through esement s result of the construction of pipelines in rurl res in Turkey hs ny negtive effects on productive lnd use. The current legisltion in Turkey does not llow the division of lnd in most rurl res into prcels smller thn 5000 m 2. Therefore, the smllest prcel tht cn be productively used ws considered s 5000 m 2. On the bsis of the nlysis of the dt pertining to the esement rights hving two different widths nd collected from three different regions hving different prcel sizes, the reserch ims to find out the number of prcels with n re less thn 5000 m 2 (excluding the esement) tht were creted by the construction of pipelines nd to investigte whether significnt number of res less thn 5000 m 2 remin. This study lso demonstrtes method tht cn be used in studies on this subject ccording to the vrious prcel sizes tht were creted by the llotment of prcels due to the esement of the construction of pipelines. Keywords: Lnd use in Turkey, Esement rights, Pipelines, Cdstrl dt, Sttisticl nlysis Bckground A pipeline is one of the most effective methods for trnsmitting energy sources like petroleum nd gs (Ebrhimipoor et l. 2009; Iqbl nd Str 2006; Clln 2008; Hensel nd Oelhf 2004). Thus, it is the most preferred trnsmission method throughout the world (Yıldırım nd Yomrlıoğlu 2011). Two methods re used in the route plnning of the pipeline. One of them is trditionl method. Trditionl methods re used to determine routes for pipeline projects in Turkey (Yıldırım nd Yomrlıoğlu 2011). BOTAŞ (Nturel Gs Distribution Compny of Turkey), which is responsible for the pipelines in Turkey uses the trditionl methods in the routing process. Trditionl methods of optiml routing in pipelines re minly bsed on expensive nd protrcted methods. These methods re not precise, nd the role of ll effective prmeters in pipeline routings cnnot be considered esily. Most technicl, economicl nd environmentl concerns re not ccounted for in design pths (Ebrhimipoor et l. 2009; Iqbl nd Str 2006). Geogrphicl Informtion Systems (GIS) technologies re nother process used for determining the pipeline routing. Reducing construction costs, s well s potentil environmentl dmges, nd minimizing construction period of pipeline projects depends 2016 The Author(s). This rticle is distributed under the terms of the Cretive Commons Attribution 4.0 Interntionl License ( which permits unrestricted use, distribution, nd reproduction in ny medium, provided you give pproprite credit to the originl uthor(s) nd the source, provide link to the Cretive Commons license, nd indicte if chnges were mde.

2 Pge 2 of 16 on pproprite route plnning t the beginning of the process. With this im, ll fctors which will hve n impct on the route should be exmined nd nlyzed in n integrl mnner. Depending on the distnce between reserve nd trget destintions, frequent chnges re observed in the surfce (lnd use, topogrphy, strems, etc.) nd underground (soil, geology, etc.) chrcteristics, which result in dense dt set. Efficient mngement of this dt nd obtining ccurte results cn be possible by using GIS technologies bsed on Rster Dt Models (Yıldırım et l. 2008). A study to compre the two methods showed tht the route defined using rster network nlysis techniques over the developed model reduces project cost by 23 %, pollutes the environment t lower level, nd is more pproprite from sociologicl perspective. Moreover, current pipeline constructed by BOTAŞ using trditionl method is seen to hve less pssge over griculturl fields (Yıldırım et l. 2008). In Turkey, it is very common for the nturl gs pipelines to run through rurl res. Thus, the need rises to estblish the permnent esement rights concerning the prcels through which pipelines pss. The exproprition of permnent esement rights in Turkey does not chnge depending on whether the line is underground nd boveground. The permnent esements split prcels into frgments of vrious sizes. It is importnt to exmine whether the negtive impct of the pipelines on rurl res use is significnt on the bsis of the minimum re size requirements estblished by lw in Turkey. In this study it is reserched whether the prceliztion of lnd through esement rights s result of the construction of pipelines in rurl res in Turkey hs ny significnt negtive effects on the productive lnd use of the prcels divided through esement rights. For this nlysis, three underground pipelines tht could be regrded s representtive for Turkey were choosen. These pipelines used the trditionl methods in the routing process hs length of 177 km in totl. The re less thn 5000 m 2 ws considered s the prcel re remining out of use, becuse the current legisltion in Turkey does not regulte the division of plnted griculturl lnd nd of lnd outside of the residentil re tht hs not upper scle pln into prcels smller thn 5000 m 2. Legl regultions in Turkey There re vrious lws nd regultions tht regulte lnd use in Turkey. The pipelines pss through mostly the perimeter of the residentil res nd the rurl res. Therefore legl regultions relted to lnd divided in rurl res re importnt here. Regultions relted to the division of prcels in rurl res were mde by zoning ordinnce bsed on Zoning Lw No nd Amendment of the Lw on Soil Conservtion nd Lnd Use Lw No The Zoning Lw regultes the conditions of the settlements nd housing in these res in ccordnce with the zoning pln s well s the requirements of protecting environment nd helth. Article 62 of the Unplnned Ares Zoning Regultion encted on the bsis of this lw reds s follows (T.C. Resmi Gzete 1985, b): Article 62- (Amendend: RG-2/9/ ) Ech prcel tht will be obtined fter the llotment to be mde outside of the residentil re tht hs not upper scle pln cnnot be smller thn 5000 m 2. These prcels must hve t lest 25 m of frontge to the public rod recorded in the lnd registry or lnd registry mps. The rod cnnot be creted by using the method of bndoning prcels

3 Pge 3 of 16 The im of Amendment of the Lw on Soil Conservtion nd Lnd Use Lw is to ly down the principles nd procedures for the conservtion nd development of soil, the clssifiction of griculturl plots, to set the minimum sizes for griculturl trcts of lnd nd for griculturl plots yielding sufficient income, to prevent their overdivision nd to determine the wys conducive to the plnned use of griculturl lnd. Regultions for lnd in the griculturl re in Amendment of the Lw on Soil Conservtion nd Lnd Use No 6537 re s follows (T.C. Resmi Gzete 2014). Article 4- The minimum size of griculturl lnd cn not be determined s less thn 2 h in bsolute frmlnd, mrginl frmlnd nd specil products frmlnd, less thn 0.5 h in plnted frmlnd nd less thn 0.3 h in frmlnd mde greenhouse cultivtion In ddition, the definition of the minimum size of griculturl lnd mde in Article 3. According to this, the division of lnd into smller prcels more thn 5000 m 2 reduces productivity obtined from griculturl lnd. Some other lws provide the provisions for registrtion nd vlution of immovble property. Article 4 of the Turkish Exproprition Lw reds s follows: In plce of the exproprition of immovble property, esement rights concerning certin prts, height, or depth of the immovble property or resources cn be creted through exproprition if they re pproprite for the relevnt objectives. Furthermore, Article 11 of the sme Lw stipultes tht in cses of the cretion of esement rights through exproprition, the devlution of the immovble property or resource rising from the ct of exproprition should be stted clerly. This forms the bsis for fixing the exproprition price (T.C. Resmi Gzete 1983). In ddition, Article 780 of the Turkish Civil Code reds s follows: In order for esement rights to obtin, the registrtion of the property in the lndbook is precondition (T.C. Resmi Gzete 2001). In conclusion, the prcels which we exmined owing to the construction of pipelines lie outside the residentil res nd/or within griculturl lnd. In both of these rurl res, the minimum llotment condition is 5000 m 2. The esement rights re recorded in deed nd pipeline trnsit fees re pid in Turkey by estblishing permnent esement rights. Methods Study design In this study, three underground trnsmission pipelines constructed by BOTAŞ using the trditionl methods in the routing process re exmined. The prcels on which the three trnsmission lines run lie in the rurl res s delineted by Article 62 of the Unplnned Ares Zoning Regultion or Article 4 of Lw No This study rests on the ssumption tht the prcels with n re less thn 5000 m 2 s specified by these legl regultions be out-of-use lnd. For this nlysis, three pipelines tht could be regrded s representtive for Turkey were choosen (Fig. 1). Prcel sizes re different on ll three lines nd pipelines hve two different esement width. The first pipeline investigted is the line in the province of Adıymn (in the south of Turkey), running from Kht to Menzil, which is m long, nd 6 m wide (permnent esement re wide) (Fig. 2). The second pipeline is the

4 Pge 4 of 16 Fig. 1 The pipelines in three different regions of Turkey (physicl mp of Turkey with scle 1/1,000,000) Fig. 2 Adıymn line ( m long) Iğdır line (in the est of Turkey), running from the district of Doğubyzıt (in the province of Ağrı) to Iğdır, which is m long nd 11 m wide (Fig. 3). The third pipeline is the Sinop line (in the north of Turkey running from the district of Bfr (in the province of Smsun) to Sinop, which m in length nd 11 m in width (Fig. 4). Line plnning nd lnd surveying of these lines ws completed.

5 Pge 5 of 16 Fig. 3 Iğdır line ( m long) Fig. 4 Sinop line ( m long) Dt collection The dt collected include the cdstrl prcel dt nd the loctions of the pipelines running through the prcels. The dt on the route coordintes ws obtined from the engineers who conducted the ground survey. The other relevnt dt ws formed through the clcultions of the size of the prcel frgments creted by the esement rights on the bsis of the exmintion of the lnd registers. The study rests upon the dt generted by the mesurements whose overll results re shown in Tble 1. Dt collected includes the following: City, county, villge, mp section, prcel number, deed re, remining re on the left of the permnent esement on the deprture direction, remining re on the right of the permnent esement on the deprture direction, permnent esement re (see Tble 2).

6 Pge 6 of 16 Tble 1 Generl condition of pipelines Work nme Adıymn nturl gs trnsmission line Iğdır nturl gs trnsmission line Sinop nturl gs trnsmission line Totl kilometer Pipe dimeter 6 inc 10 inc 8 inc Purpose Nturl gs trnsmission Nturl gs trnsmission Nturl gs trnsmission Strting plce Adıymn/Kht/Çobnlı Doğubeyzıt county Smsun/Bfr county Villge Ending loction Adıymn/Menzil/Durk Iğdır/Erhcı villge Sinop/Ordu villge villge Esement width Right = 3 m, left = 3 m Right = 7 m, left = 4 m Right = 7 m left = 4 m Totl = 6 m Totl = 11 m Totl = 11 m Totl number of some point Totl number of prcel Direction Est-South West South-North Est-North West Tble 2 The dt collected in 3 exmined pipelines City County Villge Mp section Prcel number Deed re m 2 Remining on the left m 2 Remining on the right m 2 Permnent esement re m 2 Adıymn Kht Çobnlı M41-A-17-C-3-B , , , Adıymn Kht Çobnlı M41-A-17-C-3-B , , Dt mngement Firstly, the sum of the remining re on the left nd/or on the right less thn 5000 m 2 except permnent esement re for ech prcel ws found (the remining re out of use). Secondly, the sum of the remining re out of use nd permnent esement re ws found (the totl ffected re). Finlly, the difference with the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re were exmined by using sttisticl tests. The sttisticl nlysis rests on the prcel sizes registered in the lnd book. Sttisticl nlysis In this study, sttisticl informtion ws obtined by using the IBM SPSS Sttistics 21 progrm. Descriptive sttistics First, descriptive sttistics of the prcels, of the permnent esement res, of the sum of permnent esement res nd remining res less thn 5000 m 2, of the remining res less thn 5000 m 2, of the deed re rtio of the permnent esement re, of the deed re rtio of the totl ffected re long the pipeline nd of the difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re were shown. Descriptive sttistics clculted re shown in Tble 3 for Adıymn line, in Tble 4 for Iğdır line nd in Tble 5 for Sinop line. Some of the vribles in Tbles 3, 4, nd 5, which re used for comprtive purposes, re clculted in the following wy.

7 Pge 7 of 16 Tble 3 Descriptive Sttistics of Adıymn Line Description Deed re Permnent esement re The sum of remining res less thn 5000 m 2 on the left nd/or on the right The totl ffected re: sum of permnent esement re nd remining re less thn 5000 m 2 The permnent esement re/deed re rtio The totl ffected re/deed re rtio Difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re N Vlid Missing Men 43, Std. error of men Medin 28, , Mode 16, Std. devition 54, Vrince 2,994,197, , ,902, ,704, ,902, Skewness Std. error of Skewness Kurtosis Std. error of Kurtosis Rnge 546, Minimum Mximum 547, , Sum 7,942, , , , ,29 175, Percentiles 25 13, ,0200,0200, , , Multiple modes exist. The smllest vlue is shown

8 Pge 8 of 16 Tble 4 Descriptive sttistics of Iğdır line Description Deed re Permnent esement re The sum of remining res less thn 5000 m 2 on the left nd/or on the right The totl ffected re: sum of permnent esement re nd remining re less thn 5000 m 2 The permnent esement re/deed re rtio The totl ffected re/deed re rtio Difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re N Vlid Missing Men 283, Std. error of men 114, Medin 38, Mode 11, Std. devition 1,124, Vrince 1,264,597,671, ,114, ,642, ,938, ,642, Skewness Std. error of Skewness Kurtosis Std. error of Kurtosis Rnge 9,981, , , Minimum Mximum 9,984, , , Sum 27,189, , , , , Percentiles 25 19, , , , Multiple modes exist. The smllest vlue is shown

9 Pge 9 of 16 Tble 5 Descriptive sttistics of Sinop line Description Deed re Permnent esement re The sum of remining res less thn 5000 m 2 on the left nd/or on the right The totl ffected re: sum of permnent esement re nd remining re less thn 5000 m 2 The permnent esement re/deed re rtio The totl ffected re/deed re rtio Difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re N Vlid Missing Men 37, Std. error of men 13, Medin Mode Std. devition 496, , , Vrince 24,653,456, ,061, ,237, ,488, ,237, Skewness , Std. error of Skewness Kurtosis Std. error of Kurtosis Rnge 15,887, , , Minimum Mximum 15,887, , , Sum 49,465, ,709, ,076, ,785, ,076, Percentiles ,

10 Pge 10 of 16 The Permnent Esement Are/Deed Are Rtio: This rtio is clculted by dividing the permnent esement re size by the re size of the plot s registered in the title deed. The Totl Affected Are/Deed Are Rtio: This rtio is clculted by dividing the totl ffected re size by the re size of the plot s registered in the title deed. Exmintion of smple size 1. Determintion of level of significnce α = 0.05 (type I error) 2. Determintion of test power β = 0.95 (type II error) 3. The smllest smple size n (totl number of prcel) in the shortest pipeline is equl to As result of the tken s the stndrd devition of the difference between the two res of 1799 m 2 (the biggest stndrd error between differences the totl ffected res nd the permnent esement res of ech lines), smple size ws clculted using the formul given below (Sümbüloğlu nd Sümbüloğlu 2005): ( ) 2 Zα + Z β σ 2 n = d δ 2 (1) In the formul (1), Z α, Z β the probbility vlue of the stndrd norml distribution. σ 2 d vrince of difference between the two mesurements. δ 2 meningful mgnitude for the review. n = ( ) δ 2 = 96 δ 2 = ( ) δ = In conclusion, with smples vilble, we could detect significnt differences greter thn 604 m 2 t level of significnce α = 0.05 nd test power β = Significnce tests Comprison of the pipelines in terms of prcel size In this section ws nlyzed whether the prcel sizes of pipelines in three regions of Turkey re different using the test of nlysis of vrince. Hypothesis H 0 There is no significnt difference between the pipelines in terms of the size of prcels. H 1 There is significnt difference between the pipelines in terms of the size of prcels. Normlity test results The number of mesurement ws greter thn 50 therefore Kolmogorov Smirnov test ws performed. Test ws crried out for the Deed Are vribles. Becuse (Sig.) < 0.05 (for level of significnce α = 0.05) the distribution of the ll three groups did not hve norml distribution which re shown in Tble 6.

11 Pge 11 of 16 Tble 6 Normlity test results of deed re of the lines Tests of normlity Regions Kolmogorov Smirnov Shpiro Wilk Sttistic df Sig. Sttistic df Sig. Deed re Adıymn Igdır Sinop Lilliefors significnce correction Significnce test results There re three groups of Deed Are vribles to compre. The tests tht compre the three or more dt sets were conducted since more thn two sets were involved. The vribles of the dt sets re independent nd include continuous numericl dt. As result of normlity test, the non-prmetric Kruskl Wllis tests for severl independent smples were performed. A significnt difference between the pipelines in terms of the size of prcels for level of significnce α = 0.05 ccording to the test results which re shown in Tble 7 (Sig. < α) ws found. Another test ws required to find tht there is difference between wht groups. The Mnn Whitney U test ws crried out to understnd whether there re differences between pielines. As result of the Mnn Whitney U test, the results of which re shown in Tble 8 for the Adıymn-Iğdır Lines, in Tble 9 for the Adıymn-Sinop lines nd in Tble 10 for the Sinop-Iğdır Lines, differences between the ll pipelines (between the three groups) in terms of prcel size were found. Exmintion of the effect of the pipelines on lnd use in rurl res In this study, it ws minly exmined whether significnt difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re. Our cse is bout the comprison of these two dt sets, therefore the pproprite sttisticl tests tht compre the two groups were crried out. The vribles of the dt sets re dependent on ech other Tble 7 Kruskl Wllis test results Test sttistics,b Deed re Chi Squre df 2 Asymp. Sig..000 b Kruskl Wllis test Grouping vrible: regions Tble 8 Adıymn-Iğdır lines Mnn Whitney U test results Test sttistics Deed re Mnn Whitney U Wilcoxon W 23, Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tiled).000 Grouping Vrible: regions

12 Pge 12 of 16 Tble 9 Adıymn-Sinop lines Mnn Whitney U test results Test sttistics Deed re Mnn Whitney U 41, Wilcoxon W 927, Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tiled).000 Grouping vrible: regions Tble 10 Sinop-Iğdır lines Mnn Whitney U test results Test sttistics Deed re Mnn Whitney U 10, Wilcoxon W 897, Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tiled).000 Grouping vrible: regions nd include continuous numericl dt. Therefore, this study ws conducted with the Wilcoxon two relted smples test (non prmetric test) insted of pired smples t test (prmetric test) since the ssumptions of the ltter test were not met (Akdğ nd Sümbüloğlu 2010). Hypothesis H 0 There re no significnt differences between the totl ffected res nd permnent esement res. H 1 The totl ffected res re significntly greter thn the permnent esement res. Normlity test results The number of mesurement of three lines is greter thn 50 therefore the Kolmogorov Smirnov test ws performed. Tests were crried out for the Difference Between the Totl Affected Are nd the Permnent Esement Are vrible. For ll three lines; becuse Sig. (0.000) < α is for level of significnce α = 0.05 the distribution of the difference did not hve norml distribution (Tble 11 for Adıymn line; Tble 12 for Iğdır line; Tble 13 for Sinop line). Significnce test results Becuse of Normlity Test Results, the non-prmetric Wilcoxon pired smple test ws performed. For ll three lines; significnt difference between the totl ffected re nd permnent esement re for level of significnce α = 0.05 ccording to the test results which re shown in Tble 14 (Sig. < α) for Adıymn line, in Tble 15 (Sig. < α) for Iğdır line nd in Tble 16 (Sig. < α) for Sinop line were found.

13 Pge 13 of 16 Tble 11 Normlity test results of Adıymn line Tests of normlity Kolmogorov Smirnov Shpiro Wilk Sttistic Df Sig. Sttistic Df Sig. Difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re Lilliefors significnce correction Tble 12 Normlity test results of Iğdır line Tests of normlity Kolmogorov Smirnov Shpiro Wilk Sttistic Df Sig. Sttistic Df Sig. Difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re Lilliefors significnce correction Tble 13 Normlity test results of Sinop line Tests of normlity Kolmogorov Smirnov Shpiro Wilk Sttistic df Sig. Sttistic df Sig. Difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re Lilliefors significnce correction Tble 14 Wilcoxon two relted smples test results of Adıymn line Test sttistics The totl ffected re: sum of permnent esement re nd remining re less thn 5000 m 2 permnent esement re Z b Asymp. Sig. (2-tiled).000 Wilcoxon signed rnks test b Bsed on negtive rnks Tble 15 Wilcoxon two relted smples test results of Iğdır line Test sttistics The totl ffected re: sum of permnent esement re nd remining re less thn 5000 m 2 permnent esement re Z b Asymp. Sig. (2-tiled).000 b Wilcoxon signed rnks test Bsed on negtive rnks Results First of ll, the descriptive sttistics of the dt sets hve been obtined (see Tbles 3, 4, 5). The verge prcel size is m 2 for the Adıymn line, m 2 for the Iğdır line nd m 2 for the Sinop line. The verge size of the prcels of lnd with less thn 5000 m 2 fter the construction of the pipelines is 961 m 2 for the Adıymn, 936 m 2

14 Pge 14 of 16 Tble 16 Wilcoxon two relted smples test results of Sinop line Test sttistics The totl ffected re: sum of permnent esement re nd remining re less Thn 5000 m 2 permnent esement re Z b Asymp. Sig. (2-tiled).000 Wilcoxon signed rnks test b Bsed on negtive rnks for the Iğdır nd 1560 m 2 for the Sinop lines. The verge figure obtined by dividing the re size of the frgments of prcel with less thn 5000 m 2 by tht of the plot s registered in the title deed is 2 % for the Adıymn line, which runs through 182 prcels, wheres the sme percentge is 0.2 % for the Iğdır line running through 96 prcels, nd 4 % for the Sinop line running through 1331 prcels. Thus, the verge percentge for ll the three lines is 2.1 %. The clcultions show tht the rtio of the re size of the frgments of prcel with less thn 5000 m 2 to tht of the plot s registered in the title deed rises s the number of prcels increses. Moreover, it is found tht 75 of the 182 prcels (41 %) ffected by the Adıymn line now hve frgments with n re less thn 5000 m 2, while the sme figures re 36 out of the 96 prcels (38 %) for the Iğdır line, nd 937 of the 1331 prcels (70 %) for the Sinop line. Next, it ws investigted whether the size of the prcels through which pipelines pss re different. A significnt difference between the pipelines in terms of the size of prcels ws found (see Tbles 7, 8, 9, 10). Becuse the verge size of the prcels ffected by the construction of the pipelines is different for the three pipelines, the comprison of the pipelines in terms of prcel size could be lso mde. Lter, it ws exmined whether there is significnt difference between the totl ffected re nd the permnent esement re using sttisticl relted tests. According to the Wilcoxon two relted smples test results, it ws found significnt difference between the totl ffected re nd permnent esement re for ll three lines hving two different permnent esement width nd different prcel sizes. It ws concluded tht the permnent esements formed s result of the construction of the pipelines hs creted significntly lrge number of lnd prcels with n re of less thn 5000 m 2 for the two different vlues of pipe dimeters in ll the three regions with different prcel sizes. Discussions In the scope of some of the studies using GIS technologies, physicl, environmentl, politicl, socil, economic nd legl fctors effective in the process from the plnning to opertion of pipelines re exmined in n integrl mnner nd implementtions re crried out on the bsis of fctor nd weight principle (Rylsky 2004; Sh et l. 2005). It is necessry to define the fctors ffecting route selection nd the weight of these fctors; to obtin the required dt on the bsis of these fctors; nd to orgnize this dt in dtbse. Only by using GIS technologies, it is possible to tke ll of these steps in n integrl mnner nd to mke nlyses for tking ccurte decisions (Montemurro et l. 1998).

15 Pge 15 of 16 In the studies conducted to determine the weights required for optiml pipeline routing, the surfce/underground conditions of the study re nd the benefits expected from pipeline project nd by mking required exmintions nd nlysis re tken into considertion. Weight cn be chnged over the model in cse n lterntive route need rises or when the model is to be implemented in ny prt of the country (Yıldırım et l. 2008). When we look t in terms of exproprition, we see tht prcel size re not tken into considertion in the Turkish Exproprition Lw. The im of the exproprition is only to cquire relting re, it does not tke into considertion geometry of the surrounding prcels. Therefore these prcels sty unsuitble for different purposes (Uzun nd Yomrlıoğlu 2005). Besides, in Turkey, lnd exproprition gives rise to some problems both for the stte nd lndowners. Bsiclly, the origin of problem is the determintion of lnd price in order to obtin the rel vlue. Significnt number of exproprition implementtions cuse disgreement between the stte nd owners nd these cses re brought to court. The lwsuits ginst the exproprition implementtions in Turkey re strted to be brought to the Europen Court of Humn Rights (ECHR). These cses constitute more thn 25 % of the cses ginst The Stte of Turkey (Yomrlıoğlu et l. 2007). In studies done on this subject it seems tht the size of the prcel is not tken into ccount. It is significnt to be tht prcel size remining out of use is one of the fctors weighted with its importnce in the plnning of pipeline routes. Conclusion This study investigted, whether the division into plots of different sizes of prcels through esement rights s result of the construction of pipelines in rurl res in Turkey hs ny negtive effects on the productive lnd usge. The current legisltion in Turkey regultes the division of lnd in most rurl res into prcels t lest until 5000 m 2 due to the drwbcks in term of zoning nd griculture. In this study this ws tken s bse nd irrespective of the esement width nd of the prcel size, the frgments of lnd with n re less thn 5000 m 2 did come into being in ll the pipelines s consequence of these construction projects. It ws determined tht it is necessry to pln the construction of pipelines with due considertion of the possible impct on lnd use too. Thus, it is needed to include the vrible of lnd use relted to the prcel size to the list of the weighted fctors in the plnning of pipeline routes whether trditionl model or GIS-bsed technology be employed. The method performed in this study cn be used in studies on this subject ccording to the different prcel sizes tht were creted by llotment of the prcels due to esement of the construction of pipelines. Acknowledgements The work described in this pper is not funded by nyone or orgniztion. Competing interests The uthor declres tht he hs no competing interests. Received: 22 Mrch 2016 Accepted: 11 July 2016

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