Offshore Renewables in Europe Technology, Markets and Perspectives

Transcription

1 Offshore Renewables in Europe Technology, Markets and Perspectives International Jack-up Barge Owners Association GA, Hamburg, Feb 2012 Photo: Ana Brito e Melo Louis Quesnel, Jochen Bard Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy &Energy Systems Technology IWES,Germany

2 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft undertakes applied research of direct utility to private and public enterprise and of wide benefit to society. Our Customers: Industry Service sector Public administration

3 The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Germany 60 Institutes at 40 locations Bremerhaven Itzehoe Lübeck Rostock Bremen Institutes Branches of Institutes, Research Institutions, Working Groups, Branch Labs and Application Centers 2010 Staff R&D-budget Million Hannover Berlin Potsdam Teltow Braunschweig Magdeburg Cottbus Oberhausen Halle Dortmund Kassel Schkopau Leipzig Duisburg Schmallenberg Dresden St. Augustin Jena Aachen Euskirchen Chemnitz Wachtberg Ilmenau St. Ingbert Saarbrücken Karlsruhe Pfinztal Ettlingen Stuttgart Darmstadt Würzburg Erlangen Freiburg Holzen Efringen- Kirchen Kaiserslautern Fürth Nürnberg Freising München Holzkirchen

4 Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Bremerhaven and Kassel Advancing Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Research spectrum: Wind energy from material development to grid optimization Energy system technology for all renewables Foundation: 2009 Annual budget: approx. 30 million Euros Personal: approx. 300 (full-time: 220) Directors: Prof. Dr. Andreas Reuter, Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schmid Formerly: Fraunhofer-Center für Windenergie und Meerestechnik CWMT in Bremerhaven Institut für Solare Energieversorgungstechnik ISET in Kassel

5 Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Business fields I Wind energy technology and operating management Elasticity and dynamics of turbines and components Competence center rotor blade Development of rotors, drive trains and foundations

6 Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology Business fields II Environmental analysis for wind and ocean energy Control and integration of decentralized converters Energy management and grid operation Energy supply structures and systems analysis

7 Offshore technology related R&D topics and services Technical reliability new sensor systems, structural health monitoring, condition monitoring offshore degradation testing Strategies for material protection Device simulation and evaluation Monitoring production cost Representation of substructures (ADCoS offshore for WTs) Adjusting the level of detail in the progress Drive train (in planning) Full scale grid connected nacelle testing Offshore site assessment Characterisation of environmental conditions Development of innovative measurement methods Energy economy and grid operation

8 Offshore wind and related R&D projects RAVE: Coordination and Research OGOwin: structural monitoring and modelling of a support structure AERTOS Breaking the ice: Ice loads on offshore wind turbines, with VTT (Finland) Operation and Maintenance Offshore, with VTT (Finland), TNO (NL), Sintef FOG: Optimization of construction process for offshore wind support structure, with WeserWind (Germany) OC4: comparison of aero-hydro coupled simulation software ESTIR: technology implementation bottlenecks and perspectives PoWWow: wind-wave correlations and prediction DENA I+II: National studies on offshore wind exploitation and grid integration (explicit scenarios) Extools: European study on experience curves in RE HiPRWind: Floating MW wind turbine, controls, rotors, CMS+SHM Floating wind Demo projects (under negotiation)

9 Overview of ocean energy IWES Technology Development SEAFLOW (2003), SEAGEN (2008), Kobold I (2007), Kobold II (2010), Pulse Tidal 1.2 MW Demonstration project (FP ) CORES Components for Ocean Renewable Energy Systems (FP ) SDWED Structural Design of Wave Energy Devices (Dan. Res. Council) Marina Platform research on multipurpose platforms (FP ) TROPOS: R&D on modular multiuse deep water offshore platforms New concepts for measuring currents, waves (WCI) and turbulence Market and Resource Studies Wave Energy Feasibility Study for the German EEZ (Vattenfall) Study on offshore hybrid Renewables concepts (Industrial client) Coordinating Research & Networking Ocean Energy Network( FP6) ORECCA: Ocean Renewable Energy Conversion Platforms - Coordination Action MARINET: research infrastructure project for offshore wind and OE International organisations IEA, IEC TC114 (German Mirror committee at DKE/VDE)

10 Ranges of global technical potentials of RE sources source IPCC- SRREN

11 Range in LCOE for selected RE technologies source IPCC- SRREN

12 European Wave energy map Source: Oceanor

13 Variety of wave energy technologies Source: HMRC

14 Categories of wave energy technologies Source: Antonio Falcao, IST

15 Oscillating water column (OWC) 500 kw Demo system Limpet since 2001 Voith Hydro Wavegen Npower renewables Mutriku Project at the Basque coast: 16*18,5 kw Siadar Project on Isle of Lewis: 40*100 kw

16 Ocean Power Technologies (OPT) point absorber Electrical power generated by the PB150 has included peaks of over 400 kilowatts. Average electrical power of 45 kilowatts was generated at wave heights as low as 2 meters ( ) Santonia Project using a PB40 (Iberdrola, Total, Sodercan, IDAE) PB150 PB kw buoy Off Invergordon, Scotland Ocean trials in progress EU-Demo project WAVEPORT started April 2010, duration 48 month, 600kW point absorber for installation in Spain Coordinator: PERA, UK, Eligible cost : 7.9 M, EC Support : 4.6 M Source: OPT

17 Floating oscillating body: Pelamis Pelamis II 750 kw, at 55 kw/m 120 m long, Ø 3,5m 2,7 GWh, or 3600 h Aegir Wave Power joint venture of Vattenfall and Pelamis Wave Power: a commercial wave farm off the SW coast of Shetland, St. Nianians Island up to 14 Pelamis machines with a combined rated power of 10MW to be built in stages: 1 st machines to be commissioned in 2014 construction work potentially beginning in 2013 agreement for lease from The Crown Estate in May 2011 Source: Pelamis wave power, Aegir Wave Power

18 Examples of study results for tidal and ocean currents China: 50 TWh South Korea: 100 GW ( expected ) Ireland: 230 TWh/a (theor.) 10 TWh/a (tech.) UK: 31 TWh France: 10 TWh Norway: 3 TWh Europe >54 TWh USA: 115 TWh Canada: >140 TWh source: BMT ARGOSS

19 Variety of tidal energy technologies

20 Ducted rotors Clean Current Race rock project Lunar Energy Alstom Beluga 9 1 MW turbine Open hydro

21 Horizontal axis turbines Hammerfest Norway Voith Hydro Turbine Sabella Turbine Verdant Power, USA

22 Marine Current Turbine: SEAGEN device 1.2 MW twin rotor Source: MCT, Siemens

23 Ocean Energy projects in the pipeline in EU Pentland Firth, CE Round 1 EU 27 NREAP targets for 2020: 1880 MW, 6 TWh UK: 1300 MW, Pt: 250 MW, F:140 MW, ES: 100 MW, IRE: 75 MW, It: 3 MW

24 Private investment into ocean energy Who is involved: 1st generation investments: Utilities such as RWE, EON,EDF, Vattenfall, Iberdrola, SSB, ESBI 2nd generation investments: technology manufcaturing industries Voith Hydro acquired Wavegen Rolls-Royce acquired Tidal Generation Ltd. Alstom has obtained a global technology licence agreement with Clean Current technology; deployment of a 1MW test project in Canada in Siemens acquired a 10% stake in Marine Current Turbines. ABB invested 8 million in Aquamarine Power for 15% of the company ANDRITZ hydro acquired a 33% stake in Hammerfest Strøm AS, Norway DCNS, the French naval architecture company, invested 14 million in OpenHydro Renewable UK members survey: Pelamis Wave Power, Marine Current Turbines, Aquamarine Power, Atlantis Resource Corporation, Luna Energy, Voith Hydro Wavegen, Voith Hydro OCT, Pulse Tidal, AWS Ocean a total of 230 million of private investment has been made, with every 1 of public funding attracting 5.4 of private investment. Source: Renewable UK, Wave and Tidal Energy in the UK - State of the industry report, 3/2011

25 Synergies, Hybrids and Combined Platforms Wind/Wave/Tidal. Spatial synergies: Sharing the area (Co-location) Installation and infrastructure commonalities grid connection Installation equipment (vessels, jackups, ) port infrastructure O&M synergies Process engineering synergies: hydrogen, desalination, other non-electrical applications Offshore Renewable Hybrids Multipurpose Platform Concepts, Energy Islands

26 What ORECCA delivers Resource information (maps + WEBGIS) for the 3 target areas (Wind, Wave, Tidal sites) as well as combined resources Vessel and port database Project pipeline for offshore wind, wave and tidal 12 major reports (total 1000 pages): Information on funding policies and incentives, as well as investment opportunities Technology state of the art of platform technologies (Oil & Gas, Wind, OE) for realised and planned installations Grid integration challenges and offshore grid initiatives Design tools and standards Offshore supply chain and infrastructure (ports, vessels etc.) Synergies, hybrids and multipurpose platforms Pan European Pan technology OREC platform road map

27 ORECCA WEBGIS: to be released towards the end of Feb

28 Offshore supply chain and infrastructure Graph: BVG Associates Pre-Installation Installation Operation Surveys Foundation Turbine O&M visits Geot&Env. Grid Substation Port A Ports B+C Port A Service Vessels Installation Vessels & Equipment, Offshore Grid Service Vessels

29 Ports: capacity building, local supply chain clusters Source: Uk Offshore port study, DECC

30 Installation: vessels & barges synergies vs specialisation Herbosch-Kiere heavy lift crane vessel Rambiz self propelled twin hulled, 3000 t crane capacity Fugro Seacore jackup barge Deep Diver 100 t crane capacity, drilling equipment, monopiles up to 3 m

31 Offshore supply chain: 84 specialised vessels, jack-ups data sheets

32 Grid Integration Aspects: Subjects/items investigated Generator concept Power electronics Grid requirements with respect to controllability Requirements with respect to system dynamics Connection between (floating/moving) energy conversion device to the fixed ocean bottom Transmission to shore (HV-DC/HV-AC) Connection to the electrical main grid

33 total number of wind turbines total electrical capacity [MW] European offshore wind market development: EWEA scenario and project pipeline Cumulated numbers of offshore wind turbines and installed capacities from 2000 to ,000 16,000 15,000 14,000 number of wind turbines EWEA data capacity announced capacity 85,000 80,000 75,000 70,000 13,000 65,000 12,000 60,000 11,000 55,000 10,000 50,000 9,000 8,000 45,000 40,000 7,000 35,000 6,000 30,000 5,000 25,000 4,000 20,000 3,000 2,000 15,000 10,000 1,000 5, Source: DENA, EWEA, 4C Offshore year

34 average distance to shore [km] Development phases of the EU offshore wind market in terms of water depth (m) and distance to shore (km) up to Water depth / distance to shore of European offshore wind farms up to st market phase 2nd market phase German EEZ UK round3 average depth [m] (GER) (UK) (others) announced floating projects

35 number of turbines ORECCA offshore project database Foundation types of functional offshore wind turbines in certain depths end of 2011: 1,371 turbines installed &grid connected 3,813 MW in 53 wind farms, 10 European countries other/unknown floating bucket tripile tripod jacket gravity base monopile >100 depth [m] in 2011: 246 turbines were erected during 2011, 2.6 MW/d 81 of these turbines are awaiting grid connection.

36 capacity [MW] Cumulated capacity of offshore wind farms in selected European countries project pipeline data from 2011 to 2020 Cumulated capacity of offshore wind farms in selected European countries United Kingdom Germany France Italy Sweden Finland Netherlands Spain Ireland Denmark Belgium year others

37 Areas suitable for offshore wind installations in European seas m m m 0-30 m Map shows operational (green) offshore and planned wind (yellow) farms offshore wind farms

38 Offshore wind resources in Europe 100% 90% Share of offshore wind energy potential of selected countries 80% 70% 60% < 50 m: ~ 3000 TWh > 50 m: ~ 8000 TWh 1 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% >50 m water depth 0-50 m water depth IE ES NO PT UK FR IT SE FI DK NL DE BE EU electricity production: TWh 3800 TWh 4250 TWh 1 max 700 m water depth, max. 200 km offshore, 20% of the area

39 Main floating wind turbine concepts under investigation in Europe and US Spar Tension Leg Platform Semi-Submersible Source:, Drifwind Study, ECN et al. 2002

40 cost [million ] Cost challenge in deep water Cost for 5 MW offshore wind turbine foundations/platforms in specific water depths bottom mounted foundations floating concepts Monopile Jacket Spar Tension leg Semi sub water depth [m] water depth [m] Manufacturing cost models for 5 MW turbine foundations (various sources)

41 Floating concepts: project examples and many more

42 HiPRwind: Work plan Main research topics: Floater and mooring systems Controls, power and grid Condition and structural health monitoring Advanced rotor concepts 10 MW 1.5 MW -> Increased scale -> Improved reliability -> Improved cost efficiency

43 HiPRwind: Project timeline

44 Scaling and optimsiation of the design for 10 MW

45 Floating Wind Projects &Timeline in Europe pre Prof. Heronemus ELOMAR FLOAT Drijfwind EOLIA Hywind SWAY NOWERI HiPRWind Windfloat increasing scale, investment and installed power EU Demo projects NER MW farm

46 Thank you for your attention Contacts: