Pollution Control Policies & Good Practice For Industry in Thailand

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1 Chayawee Wangcharoenrung Ph.D. Water Quality Management Bureau, Pollution Control Department, MNRE Thailand Pollution Control Policies & Good Practice For Industry in Thailand Regional Forum on Environmental Compliance in Industrial Sector 24 September 2015 at Novotel Bangkok, Thailand

Presentation Structure - Thailand Industrial

Statistics Pollution Status Overall Structure of

Governmental Agencies Policies, strategies,

pollution control Obstacles and Solutions Discussion

2 Presentation Structure - Thailand Industrial Pollution Control Policies and Regulations Industrial Statistics Pollution Status Overall Structure of Regulation on Industrial Pollution Control Related Governmental Agencies Policies, strategies, legislations and regulations related to industrial pollution control Obstacles and Solutions Discussion on Good Practices in Promoting Compliance in Industrial Sector Good Practices Page 2

3 Thailand - Location Thailand Bangkok

4 Thailand General Statistics

5 Thailand Industrial Export Income

6 Industrial Pollution Prevention and Control Policies and Regulations

7 2015 th State of Pollution Percentage of Days that PM10 Exceeding Standard in Bangkok and Surrounding Area Central North N.E. East South

8 2015th State of Pollution (cont.) Water Quality By WQI and MWQI

9 PCD Mobile Application

Thai Government Structure Office of the Prime Minister, OPM

MOAC Ministry of Commerce, MOC Ministry of Culture,

MOE Ministry of Energy, MOEN Ministry of Finance, MOF

Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, ICT

of Labor, MOL Ministry of Natural Resources and

of Science and Technology, MOST Ministry of Social

10 Thai Government Structure Office of the Prime Minister, OPM 19 Ministries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, MOAC Ministry of Commerce, MOC Ministry of Culture, MCulture Ministry of Defence, MOD Ministry of Education, MOE Ministry of Energy, MOEN Ministry of Finance, MOF Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MFA Ministry of Industry, MOI Ministry of Information and Communication Technology, ICT Ministry of Interior, MOI Ministry of Justice, MOJ Ministry of Labor, MOL Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, MNRE Ministry of Public Health, MOPH Ministry of Science and Technology, MOST Ministry of Social Development and Human Security, MOS Ministry of Tourism and Sports, MTS Ministry of Transport, MOT

11 Environmental Regulation Structure MNRE MOI MOPH MOL Other Regulations

Main Regulation Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (NEQA 1992) Factory Act B.E. 2535 (FA 1992) Main legal framework for environmental management in Thailand.

Main regulation that supervise factory activities and operations. Provides definitions, standards, expansion criteria and reports.

MOI MOI also promotes industrial development Hazardous Substance Act B.E.

MOI Classified hazardous substance to 4 categories according to level of control. Public Health Act B.E.

12 Main Regulation Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E (NEQA 1992) Factory Act B.E (FA 1992) Main legal framework for environmental management in Thailand. Using national standards to manage pollution sources. Using National committee as mechanism. Main regulation that supervise factory activities and operations. Provides definitions, standards, expansion criteria and reports. MNRE As umbrella to cover environmental regulation gap; mainly no criminal or civil liability for violation of standards. MOI MOI also promotes industrial development Hazardous Substance Act B.E (HSA 1992) Control hazardous substances possession and set up a toxic substance committee. MOI Classified hazardous substance to 4 categories according to level of control. Public Health Act B.E (PHA 1992) Regulates nuisance activities such as odor, chemical fumes, wastewater discharge. Effect large and small factories. MOPH Authorities of this act are handed over to local government. According to decentralized policy of government.

13 Control Strategy Set by NEQA 1992 Sect. 32, indirect control Ambient Standards Thai Environmental Standards for Industry Effluent Standards Set by NEQA 1992 Sect 55 and enforced directly by FA 1992 Surface Water Quality Std. Coastal Water Quality Std. Ground Water Quality Std. Ambient Air Std. VOCs in Ambient Air Std. Ambient Noise Std. Vibration from Mining and Quarry Std. Wastewater Effluent General Std. Wastewater Effluent Specific Std. Water Reuse Guideline (Std.) General Emission Std. Emission Std. for Power Plants Emission Std. for Waste Incinerators Emission Std. for Mining and Quarry Emission Std. for Cement Plants Emission Std. for Gasoline Terminals

14 Control Strategy (cont.) Ambient Standard and Emission Standard Has different control mechanism

7) Enforced by FA 1992 Enforced by PHA 1992 Business that Has Detrimental Effect to Health License Control of New Factory

15 Control Strategy (cont.) Enforced by NEQA 1992 Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) Permitting System condition Factory Establishment Permit (Sect. 7) Enforced by FA 1992 Enforced by PHA 1992 Business that Has Detrimental Effect to Health License Control of New Factory Establishment in Chopraya River Basin Water Discharge Permit to Main River Enforced by Marine Dept. (Navigation in Thai Waterway Act.) Water Discharge Permit to Irrigation Waterway Enforced by Royal Irrigation Dept. (Royal Irrigation Act.)

16 Control Strategy (cont.) Operation Control (Auditing) Wastewater Treatment Plant Operator License (Sect. 73) Enforced by NEQA 1992 Wastewater Treatment or Pollution Control Inspection (Sect. 82) Pollution Control Equipment's Supervisor (MOI Notification 2011) General Factory Inspection (Sect 35) Enforced by FA 1992

80) Water Discharge Analysis Report (4 times/yr) Emission Report (2 times/yr) (DIW Notification on 2012)

17 Control Strategy (cont.) Reporting System Enforced by NEQA 1992 Enforced by Marine Dept. (Navigation In Thai Waterway Act.) Maintenance of Wastewater Treatment System Monthly Report (Sect. 80) Water Discharge Analysis Report (4 times/yr) Emission Report (2 times/yr) (DIW Notification on 2012) BOD/COD Online System (MOI Notification on 2011) Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMs) (MOI Notification on 2011) Enforced by FA 1992

Control Strategy - Green Industry Sustainable Development Continuous Improvement Improvement

which supports sustainable development policy MOI Level of Green Industry Development Green

CT Level 2 Green Activities Having business policy on environment and implement Green Product

26000 Level 4 Green Culture All in level 3 Development of green culture Disclose environmental

18 Control Strategy - Green Industry Sustainable Development Continuous Improvement Improvement such that become environmental friendly Sustainable Development Focus on social responsibility which supports sustainable development policy MOI Level of Green Industry Development Green Supply Chain Level 1 Green Commitment Having business policy on environment Lean Manufacturing CT Level 2 Green Activities Having business policy on environment and implement Green Product ISO 14001/50001 Level 3 Green System Environmental policy Implement Evaluate Reexamine ISO Level 4 Green Culture All in level 3 Development of green culture Disclose environmental data Level 5 Green Network All in level 4 Green supply chain Environmental data report and relationship promotion

Control Strategy Eco Industrial Town Kitakyushu Japan Eco-Industrial Town was designed to develop the

reporting system green label, integrated waste management, and 3R can be developed and implemented.

Industrial town that factories inside aware of both environmental and production improvement 2.

19 Control Strategy Eco Industrial Town Kitakyushu Japan Eco-Industrial Town was designed to develop the economy and the ecology in and industrial town in a sustainable manner including economic, social and environmental aspect. A defined area, a laboratory, where various different eco-concepts such as green procurement, CSR, reporting system green label, integrated waste management, and 3R can be developed and implemented. Eco Industrial Town is 1. Industrial town that factories inside aware of both environmental and production improvement 2. Industrial town that factories and business inside cooperate with each other in order to manage environment and natural resource 3. Industrial town that factories and business inside can see the benefit of environmental quality protection ECO = Ecology + Economy Decrease Pollution and Waste Increase Business Success

Main Obstacles and Solutions coordination and overlapping authority between agencies not enough inspection and enforcement Identified topics and agencies then propose a coordination mechanism

20 Main Obstacles and Solutions coordination and overlapping authority between agencies not enough inspection and enforcement Identified topics and agencies then propose a coordination mechanism Increase number of inspection and enforcement officers Using auditing system (future policy) no integrated permitting system Use one stop service policy (new regulation just out!) integrity and trustworthy of reporting Move from self reporting toward third-party auditing environmental quality has no economical value PCD try to integrate concept of economic instrument into new NEQA such as pollution discharge fee

21 Discussion on Good Practices in Promoting Compliance in Industrial Sector Page 21

Environmental Army Project 2005-2007 Focusing on

help in factories environmental inspection/survey.

Bangkok metro area) o 120,000 factories all over the

22 Environmental Army Project Focusing on Public Participation by recruiting college students to help in factories environmental inspection/survey. o Over 25 universities has joined the program (in Bangkok metro area) o 120,000 factories all over the country are targeted o Allotted budget of 46.3 Million Baht. (1.5 mil $)

23 Environmental Army (cont.) 1. Factories environmental survey with wastewater and smoke sample collection 2. Building factories wastewater database which will help on future planning 3. Technical Assistance for factories that do not meet standard

quality Location of factories surveyed: Blue dot

24 Environmental Army Project (cont.) Data Collected Contact address GPS Coordinate Pictures of front door and effluent points Boiler s exhaust opacity with Ringelmann scale Effluent wastewater quality Location of factories surveyed: Blue dot indicated factories that comply with effluent std. Red dot indicated factories that need to improve.

Green Label Certification awarded to specific products that are shown to

Initiated by the Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development in

regarding the green label. Thailand Environmental Institute as secretariat.

other requirements for applicants of Green Label.

th/greenlabel /thcategories.html Example of Green Label Products.

Emulsion paints (no Pb & Hg) Refrigerator Sanitary ware Air Conditions

25 Green Label Certification awarded to specific products that are shown to have minimum impact on the environment in comparison with other products Initiated by the Thailand Business Council for Sustainable Development in October 1993 The Thai green label board is set to take all major decisions regarding the green label. Thailand Environmental Institute as secretariat. The technical subcommittee is set to review criteria, test methods, and other requirements for applicants of Green Label. So far, 90 criteria have been developed See criteria at /thcategories.html Example of Green Label Products.. Recycled Papers Recycled plastic utilities Fluorescent light bulb Emulsion paints (no Pb & Hg) Refrigerator Sanitary ware Air Conditions Battery Spray without CFC Envi Friendly Detergent Computer Insulation Automobile Television Fan Tire Vacuum Cleaner LED light bulb

26 Thanks for Listening Thank You

Schemes of Waste Management Q&A

Schemes of Waste Management Q&A Overview on Waste Management in Thailand Taweechai Jiaranaikhajorn Waste and Hazardous Substances Management Bureau Pollution Control Department (PCD), THAILAND Status Quo of Waste Management Presentation