Collection and biological treatment of source separated bio-waste in Germany

Transcription

1 Collection and biological treatment of source separated bio-waste in Germany

2 Pilot project brown bin Witzenhausen First project of separate collection of bio-waste in Germany Supported by the Federal State of Hesse as R&D project at University of Witzenhausen (Department of Agricultural Engineering) Helsinki 21/10/2015 2

3 Amount of source separated bio- and green waste 1990 to 2006 Steady increase till 2000 But stagnation since 2000/2001 Helsinki 21/10/2015 3

4 Reasons for the non implementation Financial issues Implementation too expensive Efficient capacity utilization of existing MSW treatment plants and landfills Population density too low Technical issues Efficient capacity utilization of existing MSW treatment plants and landfills Reduction of the organic content is causing problems for existing treatment plants (e.g. CV) Efficient Home composting Efficient utilization in combination with MSW already in place (e.g. use of exhaust incineration heat) Helsinki 21/10/2015 4

5 Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act 2012 European waste hirarchie (Directive 2008/98/EC) Energy turnaround in Germany + Helsinki 21/10/2015 5

6 Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act 2012 Since 2015 (2012) general obligation to collection and biological treatment of bio-waste (closed substance Cycle waste management act) 11 Requirements for Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management with regard to biowastes and sewage sludges Exeptions: In order to meet the requirements of 7 clause 2 to 4 and 8 clause 1, biowastes are to be collected separately from January 1 st 2015 at the latest if they are subject of the obligation to make waste available according to 17 source separation and clause 1. economical unreasonableness of the ecological equivalence of the 8 Ranking and high quality of recovery operations that the recovery of the waste shall system take place in according place to the to its source type and nature, quantity and constituents by several separation. consecutive material and consecutive energy recovery operations (cascade use). Till 2015 (2012) Inconsistent regulation in compliance with the waste management rules of the different regions, municipalities and public waste management authorities (mandatory affiliation of the inhabitants) Helsinki 21/10/2015 6

7 Source separation of biowaste in Germany today Approx. 80 % of the regions introduced the bio-waste bin. But not all of them offer the service area-wide! Helsinki 21/10/2015 7

8 Source separation of bio-waste in Germany today specific quantities of bio-waste and green waste in the federal states per capital Big differences in collection between the federal states Collected amounts: approx. 9 million tons per year (bio and green waste) Additional potential: 4-5 million tons per year (BMU, 2012) Helsinki 21/10/2015 8

9 Source separation of bio-waste in Germany today Affiliation rates per type of settlement structure Core towns Dense districts rural districts Sparsely pop. Districts Core towns Dense districts rural districts Sparsely pop. Districts Helsinki 21/10/2015 9

10 Cascade utilization of bio-waste The preferred way of biological treatment Biomass use is the cascade utilization (mentioned in 8 of Closed Substance Cycle Waste Management Act) recovery by Consecutive material and energy recovery operations (cascade utilization) Recovery of bio- and green-waste Material recovery material and energy recovery Energy recovery % %???? Composting/ Direct recovery approx Composting plants Anaerobic digestion approx. 120 AD-plants incineration % of collected green-waste Helsinki 21/10/

11 MWh/a Electric energy yield by AD Total energy yield (net) Status Quo Status Quo 2013 (after optimiert optimization) Potenzial Potential of Vergärung currently zurzeit collected erfasster amounts Bio- und Grünabfälle Potenzial Total flächendeckende potential Ausweitung Biotonne Helsinki 21/10/

12 Costs Collection - in rural districts 70 /t /t - in cities / region with higher pop. dens. 65 /t /t (seasonal variations of the amount to collect and therefore under utilization of collection capacities during winter!!) Biological treatment 75 /t 110 /t Helsinki 21/10/

13 Visits to households, public meetings and Infomobil as essential elements of public awareness work... Helsinki 21/10/

14 Even big cities such as Helsinki 21/10/

15 and Berlin we connected to bio-waste bin in 1992 with the support of more than 100 helpers visiting households! Helsinki 21/10/

16 Travelling exhibition for city halls, banks and the sidewalk Helsinki 21/10/

17 and with some creativity! too valuable to throw away. Helsinki 21/10/

18 Exaggerating! (Brown bin in place of Fukushima) Helsinki 21/10/

19 The apple of knowledge! Thank you for your attention! Helsinki 21/10/