Biomass and Biogas Conference Overview of Biomass Technology in Germany

Transcription

1 Energy Biomass and Biogas Conference Overview of Biomass Technology in Germany Dipl.-Ing. Werner Siemers, CUTEC 12 June 2012, Bangkok, Thailand

2 Content Background Potentials and Applications Examples New Trends

3 Introduction Overview on the situation in Germany Possible applications for Thailand Discussion on developments Technical Political...

4 Definition of biomass energy Biomass for heat Small scale individual homes Wood logs, wood chips, wood pellets Industrial boilers Biomass for transportation fuel Biodiesel from rape seed and vegetable oil imports Bioethanol from sugar beet and grains Biomass (solid) for electricity (and in CHP) Residual wood fractions (forestry production) Waste wood (out of waste management) Organic fraction of MSW

5 Definition of biomass energy ctd. Biomass for Biogas, electricity production Small contributions to heat Mainly agricultural based Waste materials and by-products Agro-industry Food processing Biogas production from landfill methane generation Biogas in (municipal) sewage plants

6 Biomass most important renewable source Renewable energy sources shares of total final energy consumption in Germany 2011 Total: 8,685 PJ 1) Wind energy: 1.9 % Hydropower: 0.8 % Photovoltaics: 0.8 % Other energy resources (e.g. hard coal, lignite, mineral oils, natural gas) and nuclear energy: 87.8 % RES-share 2011: 12.2 % Biomass 2) : 8.2 % Solar thermal and geothermal energy: 0.5 % 1) Energy Environment Forecast Analysis (EEFA) GmbH & Co KG; 2) solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste, biofuels; source: BMU-KI III 1 based on Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat) and Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), according to Working Group on Energy Balances e.v. (AGEB); RES: Renewable Energy Sources; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; 1 PJ = Joule; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional

7 Contribution of renewable energy sources to energy supply in Germany in 2011 Electricity Heat Hydropower 19.5 Biomass (total) Wind energy 46.5 therefrom: onshore 45.9 solid biomass 93.0 offshore 0.6 liquid biomass, vegetable oil included 7.7 Biomass (total) therefrom: solid biomass liquid biomass, vegetable oil included biogas sewage gas landfill gas biogenic share of waste Photovoltaics Geothermal energy Total electricity [TWh = 1 billion kwh] biogas sewage gas landfill gas biogenic share of waste Solar thermal energy Deep geothermal energy Near surface geothermal energy Total heat Biofuels Biodiesel (approx. 2.4 mill. t) Vegetable oil (approx mill. t) Bioethanol (approx. 1.2 mill. t) Biofuels (total) [TWh = 1 billion kwh] [TWh = 1 billion kwh] Total final energy from renewable energy sources Deviations in the totals are due to rounding; source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); as at: March 2012; all figures provisional

8 Power production dominated by biogas Structure of biomass-based electricity supply in Germany 2011 Total: 36.9 TWh Biogenic solid fuels: 30.6 % Biogenic liquid fuels *: 3.8 % Biogenic share of waste: 13.5 % Landfill gas: 1.7 % Sewage gas: 3.0 % Biogas: 47.4 % *) Vegetable oil included; source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kwh; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional 8

9 Large increase mainly due to biogas 40,000 Development of biomass * use for electricity supply in Germany 35,000 30,000 25,000 [GWh] 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, ,434 1,471 1,558 1,636 1,875 2,013 2,102 2,277 3,260 3,589 4,737 5,207 6,038 8,247 10,077 14,025 18,685 24,281 27,531 30,341 33,866 36, * Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kwh; source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional 9

10 Heat supply dominated by biomass Contribution of renewable energy sources to heat supply in Germany since ,000 Biomass * Solar thermal energy Geothermal energy 140, , ,000 [GWh] 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 Biomass share of RES - heat: 91 % * Solid and liquid biomass, biogas, sewage and landfill gas, biogenic share of waste; 1 GWh = 1 Mill. kwh; RES: Renewable Energy Sources; source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); image: BMU / Brigitte Hiss; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional

11 Heat supply solid fuels Structure of biomass-based heat supply in Germany 2011 Total: TWh Biogenic solid fuels (households): 49.0 % Biogenic solid fuels (industry): 19.1 % Biogenic share of waste: 6.2 % Landfill gas: 0.2 % Sewage gas: 0.9 % Biogas: 13.0 % Biogenic liquid fuels *: 6.1 % Biogenic solid fuels (cogeneration power installations and heating installations): 5.4 % *) Vegetable oil included; source: BMU-KI III 1 according to Working Group on Renewable Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat); 1 TWh = 1 Bill. kwh; deviations in the totals are due to rounding; as at: March 2012; all figures provisional

12 Analyis in the different sectors Biomass power plants Biogas (separate presentation) New trends (separate presentation) Solid fuels

13 Experiences in biomass power sector Usually larger plant size as given by the law 5 MW or 20 MW electrical capacity is the limiting power by law Near to forest industries, wood processing and/or in cogeneration Use of waste wood in different qualities Cost (negative cost ) of materials versus flue gas treatment and environmental obligations Municipal waste incineration

14 Number of plants is growing on a low rate Resources used are mainly waste wood fraction and processing residues Pure natural forestry products are seldom Short rotation forestry and energy cropping is still in experimental stage No large production of woody resources Trends ORC and torrefaction Co-combustion

15 Technology installed grate systems, steam Conventional grate systems with modifications Usually found in the 5 MW electrical capacity range

16 Larger sizes for fluidisation Bubbling fluidised bed, BFB In the intermediate range alternative to grate (for more difficult fuels) and below CFB Circulating fluidised bad, CFB Usually for larger power plants above 20 MW and difficult fuels * Source: Courtesy Austrian Energy and Environment Ltd., wwwaustrianenergy.com.au

17 Example Bischofferode Biomass power plant only with wood chips, natural grown resources, 5 MW capacity electrical * Source: Courtesy Austrian Energy and Environment Ltd., wwwaustrianenergy.com.au

18 Example Hartberg Austria Bark, wood chips, sawdust Installed thermal capacity up to 18 MW Integration of screw engine 730 kw into the former heating plant Demonstration project * Source: Courtesy Dr. Mirko Barz, Fachhochschule Stralsund, changed

19 ORC technology ORC Organic Rankine Cycle Lower pressure and temperature For applications below 1 MW/500 kw Lower efficiencies Heat utilisation necessary

20 Example ORC Friedland Wood chips Grate furnace thermal capacity up to 10 MW Integration of ORC with 0.5 to 2.0 MW electrical capacity into the former heating plant (3 to 8 MW capacity) Demonstration project * Source: Courtesy Dr. Mirko Barz, Fachhochschule Stralsund, changed

21 Solid fuels Automated pellet ovens and boilers Huge market for pellets (high prices) 150 EURO per t for quality standard Second market für power plants in EU under RPS

22 Torrefaction In other EU countries (not Germany) a strong demand for wood pellets Imports from USA, Canada, South America etc. Torrefied pellets are preferred Transport volume Storage characteristics Co-processing and co-combustion with coal

23 Conclusion Biomass for power Traditional conventional with waste wood, MSW etc Large growth rates for biogas Biomass for heat Small scale traditional CHP and district heating (incl. ORC) Pellet use Biomass for biofuels Biodiesel stable Increase in bioethanol

24 Thank you very much for your attention!! Further contact