IEAGHG MONITORING AND MODELLING RESEARCH NETWORK MEETING. Kyle Worth, P.Eng, PMP Senior Project Manager Petroleum Technology Research Centre

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1 IEAGHG MONITORING AND MODELLING RESEARCH NETWORK MEETING Kyle Worth, P.Eng, PMP Senior Project Manager Petroleum Technology Research Centre 1

2 AQUISTORE: DEEP SALINE CO 2 STORAGE PROJECT ONE YEAR OF INJECTION REACHED APRIL 16,

3 MMV FIELD LABORATORY ONGOING Real-time P & T Reservoir Fluid sampling Well logging Passive seismic InSAR GPS Tiltmeter Groundwater Soil gas monitoring Dynamic Reservoir Simulations Non-isothermal geomechanical modeling COMPLETED 3D Monitoring Seismic Survey o Permanent seismic array VSP Monitoring Seismic Survey o 80 level downhole geophone tool o DAS ACROSS (permanent source) o Monthly surveys acquired PLANNED Electrical/electromagnetic Monitoring Survey Wellbore Gravity 4th 3D Monitoring Seismic Survey Downhole camera survey 3

4 L. Deadwood U. Deadwood Black Island INJECTION PROFILE Depth (m) % Winnipeg FM Injection into 3 zones 45% Deadwood D Deadwood C 3250 Deadwood B % Deadwood A 3325 Precambrian

5 AQUISTORE: RESERVOIR SIMULATIONS 5

6 NON-ISOTHERMAL RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICAL SIMULATIONS CO 2 Injection and Observation Well GEM Simulation Model Reservoir Geomechanics Research Group [RG] 2 FLAC3D Geomechanical Model with embedded GEM Model 6

7 NON-ISOTHERMAL RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICAL SIMULATIONS Injection Well Observation Well 3D Slice through Injection and Observation Wells CO 2 Saturation Distributions after 7 months after CO 2 injection for P 90 case 3D Reservoir Geomechanics Research Group [RG] 2 Reservoir Geomechanics Research Group [RG] 2 7

8 AQUISTORE: PERMANENT SPARSE SEISMIC ARRAY 8

9 SEISMIC PARAMETERS Parameters Baseline Baseline 2 Baseline 3 Monitor 1 Characterization Survey Date March, 2012 May, 2013 Oct, 2014 Feb, 2016 March, 2012 Survey Type 3D 3D Survey Dimensions 3 km x 3 km 5.8 km x 5.8 km Source Type Dynamite Vibroseis (AHV-IV 62,000 lb) Source Depth 15 m 0 m Source effort 1 kg dynamite 2 sweeps per VP Source configuration Single charge 2 Vibes nose-to-tail Source sweep - 12 s, Hz No. of Shot Lines No. of Stations per Line Shot Line Spacing 288 m 288 m Shot Station Spacing 144 m 36 m No. of Shots Receivers Type 10 Hz vertical component GS-1 UniQ vertical accelerometer Depth 20 m 0 m No. of Receiver Lines No. of Stations per Line 35 No. of Receivers Receiver Line Spacing Receiver Spacing 144 m 72 m m 6 m 9

10 3D TIME-LAPSE SEISMIC RESULTS Storage reservoir is deep (3200 m) and quantities of CO 2 (to date) are relatively small (36 ktonnes) Time-lapse seismic: nrms values of 40%-60% are considered good and values of less than 20%, excellent (Lumley, 2010). For comparison, nrms values of ~30-35% were achieved at Weyburn. 10

11 Reservoir BASELINE VS. MONITOR 1 Baseline Monitor 1 11

12 BL vs. B2 nrms Results Mean nrms=13% 12

13 BL vs. M1 nrms Results Mean nrms=12% 13

14 B2-BASELINE: BLACK ISLAND Repeatability degrades toward edges (Pre-CO 2 Injection) NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) Excellent repeatability: NRMS < 10 5% 14

15 M1-BASELINE: BLACK ISLAND (36 ktonnes of CO 2 Injected) NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% 15

16 B2-BASELINE: UPPER DEADWOOD (Pre-CO 2 Injection) NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% 16

17 M1-BASELINE: UPPER DEADWOOD (36 ktonnes of CO 2 Injected) NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% Clear CO 2 anomaly 17

18 B2-BASELINE: LOWER DEADWOOD NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% 18

19 M1-BASELINE: LOWER DEADWOOD NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% 19

20 2-Way Time (ms) Reservoir NRMS: M1-BASELINE NRMS 25% S N 20% Black Island Quiet Anomaly 15% Noisey Noisey 10% 1000 m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% 20

21 M1-BASELINE: UPPER DEADWOOD (36 ktonnes of CO 2 Injected) NRMS 20% 15% 10% 500m White, D and Roach, L (2016) 5% Clear CO 2 anomaly 21

22 BASEMENT STRUCTURE 22

23 23

24 REPEAT PULSED NEUTRON LOGGING 24 24

25 REPEAT PULSED NEUTRON LOGGING 1. Logging Run 11: 5-Mar-16 (First CO 2 ) 2. Logging Run 12: 20-Mar Logging Run 13: 2-Apr Logging Run 14: 4-May

26 SIGMA HISTOGRAM Interval: 3233m-3242m Range of Sigma is 13.6 to 16.2 cu. Average of all Sigmas = 14.7 cu Standard deviation of all Sigmas =

27 2016: MOVING FORWARD Aquistore expecting an increase of injection volumes tonnes/day following October 2016 outage. Increased and stabilized CO 2 capture volumes since November 2015 through May Aquistore 1 st Annual General Meeting August 16-17,

28 THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS & IN-KIND COLLABORATORS 28