MRCSP - Large-Scale CO 2 - Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic Storage Test in Midwestern USA

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MRCSP - Large-Scale CO 2 - Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic Storage Test in Midwestern USA Carbon Sequestration Leadership

org DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC26-0NT42589 1 MRCSP cornerstone of the Battelle s program on the CCUS technology

Post-Injection Monitoring >150,000 hours of safe drilling Wellbore Integrity Simplified Modeling Storage Feasibility in

Valley Characterization, Basin-Scale Modeling Regional Mapping Policy & Regulation Small-Scale Tests Large-Scale Test EOR

1 MRCSP - Large-Scale CO 2 - Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic Storage Test in Midwestern USA Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum PIRT Group Meeting Washington, DC November 4, 2013 Presented by: Neeraj Gupta, Ph.D. Senior Research Leader, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio gupta@battelle.org DOE/NETL Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC26-0NT MRCSP cornerstone of the Battelle s program on the CCUS technology development AEP Mountaineer Projects Site Characterization, Design Permitting, Construction Operations, workover Post-Injection Monitoring >150,000 hours of safe drilling Wellbore Integrity Simplified Modeling Storage Feasibility in Sichuan Basin China Regional Carbon Partnership FutureGen Program 1 MT/yr scale Design/costing Class VI permitting Ohio Valley Characterization, Basin-Scale Modeling Regional Mapping Policy & Regulation Small-Scale Tests Large-Scale Test EOR and Storage Exploration Private Client Studies Domestic and Global Emerging Program in Brine Disposal, EOR, Shale Gas 2 1

The MRCSP assesses viability of carbon sequestration Established in 2003 by Battelle with DOE-NETL

and commercial entities Mission The premier resource for CO 2 storage and utilization expertise in the

technologies key to affordable energy supplies Environmental/climate issues and shale gas, are leading

2 The MRCSP assesses viability of carbon sequestration Established in 2003 by Battelle with DOE-NETL funds Currently in Phase III Led by Battelle, there are 40 organizations from non-profit, government, and commercial entities Mission The premier resource for CO 2 storage and utilization expertise in the region 3 MRCSP region: Many CO 2 emission sources with dependence on coal CO 2 storage/utilization technologies key to affordable energy supplies Environmental/climate issues and shale gas, are leading to energy supply transition Coal continues to be dominant fuel source, but will be impacted due to emission limits 4 2

Overall schedule for MRCSP 10 Years of achievements and more to come!

Field Validation Site Selection, Permitting, Site Characterization, Site Preparation, OH Site MI SalineMI EOR Fields and Baseline Monitoring MI Injection

including saline formations, depleted oil/gas fields, and potentially organic shales, and coal beds Mapping and understanding the storage zones is an ongoing

3 Overall schedule for MRCSP 10 Years of achievements and more to come! Phase I Characterization Phase II Small Scale Validation Phase III Large Scale Field Validation Site Selection, Permitting, Site Characterization, Site Preparation, OH Site MI SalineMI EOR Fields and Baseline Monitoring MI Injection Operations (Multiple Reefs) Post Injection Monitoring 5 CO 2 Storage resources significant but heterogeneous potential Many promising units for CO 2 storage including saline formations, depleted oil/gas fields, and potentially organic shales, and coal beds Mapping and understanding the storage zones is an ongoing effort Primary targets include Mt. Simon Sandstone along the arches and carbonate layers in deeper basins Depleted Oil and Gas Fields: ~8.500 GT Deep Saline Formations: Organic Shales: ~2-30 GT ~ GT Unmineable Coal: ~1 GT (not including offshore) 6 3

Many field tests demonstrate heterogeneous storage potential in MRCSP region Region is home to

MRCSP Large-Scale Other CO 2 Inj. Test MRCSP Large-Scale MGSC ADM E.

useful in proving safety and effectiveness we need more of these Injectivity different at each

extended mapping and multiple field tests Continued testing and evaluation of monitoring

4 Many field tests demonstrate heterogeneous storage potential in MRCSP region Region is home to several field tests but many more are needed Michigan Basin State-Charlton 30/31 Field MRCSP Test MRCSP Large-Scale Other CO 2 Inj. Test MRCSP Large-Scale MGSC ADM E. Canton HuffnPuff FutureGen 2 Cincinnati Arch Duke Energy East Bend Station KYCCS Hancock Co. CONSOL CBM AEP Mountaineer App. Basin FirstEnergy R.E. Burger Plant 7 MRCSP Ten-Years - Key Observations Technical Issues Small-scale tests extremely useful in proving safety and effectiveness we need more of these Injectivity different at each site Monitoring data redefined geologic model in all cases Regional heterogeneity necessitates extended mapping and multiple field tests Continued testing and evaluation of monitoring technologies needed to build confidence Social Issues Permitting Other Proactive outreach and collaboration with host site teams crucial for public acceptance Class V experimental permits enabled testing EOR sites can enable CCUS deployment and research but only have one site in MRCSP region RCSP research can also benefit other energy R&D brine disposal, wellbore integrity, shale gas 8 4

MRCSP region has many large historic oil and gas producing areas ~ 8,500 million metric tons of CO 2 could be stored within depleted d O&G fields (~10 years worth of regional emissions)* Oil and gas

2 billion barrels* of oil However, EOR needs to be proven in the region * Source: Estimates developed by the Geological Surveys within the MRCSP 9 MRCSP large-scale test site only CO 2 EOR site in

5 MRCSP region has many large historic oil and gas producing areas ~ 8,500 million metric tons of CO 2 could be stored within depleted d O&G fields (~10 years worth of regional emissions)* Oil and gas fields map for region* Using CO 2 for EOR could lead to the production of an additional ~1.2 billion barrels* of oil However, EOR needs to be proven in the region * Source: Estimates developed by the Geological Surveys within the MRCSP 9 MRCSP large-scale test site only CO 2 EOR site in the Midwest Location: Otsego County, Michigan Host Company: Core Energy LLC Reservoir Type: Closely-spaced, highly compartmentalized oil & gas fields located in the Northern Michigan Niagaran Reef Trend Source of CO 2 : Natural Gas Processing Plant Injection Goal: At least 1 million metric tons of CO 2 over ~four years 10 5

MRCSP study fields are in multiple oil production stages Oil fields are in various production life-cycle stages Late-Stage EOR Reefs Undergone extensive primary and CO 2 -EOR highly depleted Active

cost effective research for MRCSP tests Infrastructure: CO 2 uptake from capture Compression and dehydration d systems Pipelines for transport Central processing facility (Dover 36) Injection and

6 MRCSP study fields are in multiple oil production stages Oil fields are in various production life-cycle stages Late-Stage EOR Reefs Undergone extensive primary and CO 2 -EOR highly depleted Active EOR Reefs Completed primary oil recovery and CO 2 -EOR is under way Pre-EOR Reefs New CO 2 EOR Undergone primary oil recovery but no CO 2 -EOR yet Reef Surface 11 Existing EOR infrastructure enables cost effective research for MRCSP tests Infrastructure: CO 2 uptake from capture Compression and dehydration d systems Pipelines for transport Central processing facility (Dover 36) Injection and productionmonitoring wells (7 fields) Monitoring and measurement systems Total system capacity is >1200 tonnes/day (10-15% of 500MW coalbased plant) Chester 5 Dover 35 Dover 36 Dover 33 Core Energy Compressor Chester 2 Charlton 30/31 Charlton 6 Core Energy Existing Pipeline 12 6

Dover 36 Processing Facility central hub for fluids and data flow 13 MRCSP Project Schedule MRCSP Phase III Schedule Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 No.

0 Reservoir Studies in Depleted Niagaran Reefs NEPA EQ and Site Workplan Advanced Geological Characterization Reservoir Modeling and Analysis CO2 Injection Monitoring and Analysis Site Transfer 4.

7 Dover 36 Processing Facility central hub for fluids and data flow 13 MRCSP Project Schedule MRCSP Phase III Schedule Year No. Task Quarter Regional Characterization 2.0 Outreach 3.0 Reservoir Studies in Depleted Niagaran Reefs NEPA EQ and Site Workplan Advanced Geological Characterization Reservoir Modeling and Analysis CO2 Injection Monitoring and Analysis Site Transfer 4.0 Reservoir Studies in Active Niagaran Reefs NEPA EQ and Site Workplan Reservoir Modeling and Analysis CO 2 Injection and Mass Balance Monitoring and Analysis 5.0 Reservoir Studies New Niagaran Reefs A&B Site Characterization Plan (Reefs A&B) A B Advanced Geological Characterization A&B Reservoir Modeling and Analysis A&B CO 2 Injection (Reefs A&B) A B B Monitoring and Analysis A&B Site Transfer A B 6.0 Project Management 7.0 Deep Saline Formation Activities Document and Close St. Peter SS Well Approval of workplan required before proceeding with field work. Approval of basline geologic report required before injection can begin. 14 7

MRCSP field test research objectives Site Characterization Assess the variability

Operational Models Monitoring Techniques and Equipment Reef Capacity and

optimize both Identify cost effective and useful techniques and methods Identify

8 MRCSP field test research objectives Site Characterization Assess the variability among adjacent reefs Reservoir Models Validate using injection and production Operational Models Monitoring Techniques and Equipment Reef Capacity and Injectivity Predict CO 2 storage and oil production; suggest approaches to optimize both Identify cost effective and useful techniques and methods Identify key parameters and variability; address uncertainty 15 Geologic Setting Complex Reef Structures 16 8

Pressure 1620 Pressure1 1600 Pressure2 Pressure3 1580 Pressure4 1560 1540 1520 1500 1480 1460 Ca 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Temperature 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Days Na 90 80 70 60

0 psi(a) p*model 809.2 psi(a) Cumwater 0.00 Mbbl Cumgas -18.852 MMscf kh 3750.00 md.ft Xe 1559.000 ft h 150.000 ft Ye 2430.000 ft k 25.0000 md Xw 779.500 ft sd 5.000 Yw 1215.

InSAR Reservoir Testing Pressure (psi(a)) Gas Rate (MMscfd) Pressure (PSI) Pressure & Temperature Temperature (F) Wireline Logging Dover 33 Geochemistry Gravity Survey Vertical

serves as main test t bed for monitoring i techniques Instrumented wells and pipelines in active fields to track CO 2 injection and CO 2, brine, and oil production Lessons learned

9 Pressure 1620 Pressure Pressure2 Pressure Pressure Ca Temperature Days Na Da ys 90 K Tem p1 Tem p2 Tem p3 Tem p Total Test pi (syn) psi(a) p*model psi(a) Cumwater 0.00 Mbbl Cumgas MMscf kh md.ft Xe ft h ft Ye ft k md Xw ft sd Yw ft pdata pmodel Time (h) qgas Highly depleted field provides a test bed for advanced monitoring technologies InSAR Reservoir Testing Pressure (psi(a)) Gas Rate (MMscfd) Pressure (PSI) Pressure & Temperature Temperature (F) Wireline Logging Dover 33 Geochemistry Gravity Survey Vertical Seismic Microseismic Monitoring options under testing at Dover 33 field 17 MRCSP Dover 33 field monitoring program Borehole gravity meter being assembled Late stage, Dover 33, serves as main test t bed for monitoring i techniques Instrumented wells and pipelines in active fields to track CO 2 injection and CO 2, brine, and oil production Lessons learned will be applied to design MVA plan for newly targeted field for EOR (to be determined) Model assessing feasibility of the borehole gravity meter to measure changes in formation density in response to CO2 18 9

MRCSP Phase III Field Activities Dover 33 2012 2013 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct

Workovers and Wireline Logging Gravity Survey Vertical Seismic Profiling Reservoir Testing and

Testing Repeat Geochemical Sampling 19 Safety Considerations for MRCSP Fieldwork Wide variety of work --

Fluid Sampling and Reservoir Testing high pressure fluids, well work InSar ACRs heavy equipment operation

10 MRCSP Phase III Field Activities Dover Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Baseline Characterization Long Term Injection Operations Baseline Geochemical Sampling Well Workovers and Wireline Logging Gravity Survey Vertical Seismic Profiling Reservoir Testing and Microseismic Testing Start of Long-Term Injection April 23 Repeat Geochemical Sampling Pressure Fall Off Testing Repeat Geochemical Sampling 19 Safety Considerations for MRCSP Fieldwork Wide variety of work -- wide range of safety considerations All work completed safely to date! Fluid Sampling and Reservoir Testing high pressure fluids, well work InSar ACRs heavy equipment operation Well Workovers well control, overhead hazards, heavy equipment Seismic Activities well work, explosive hazards Wireline Logging well work, radiologic hazards 20 10

11 Late-Stage reef (Dover 33) CO 2 injection progress 9,289 Tonnes 841 Tonnes 68,646 Tonnes 21 Pressure response in 3 wells in late-stage reef All 3 wells show progressive increase in pressure following each CO 2 injection event, indicating the reservoir is behaving as a closed system 22 11

Developing detailed geologic model work for MRCSP based on seismic and well log data Seismic Interpretation Log and core correlation Geologic Framework Model Porosity Final Geologic Model The

compositional phase behavior Strategy: CO 2 -Prophet for initial simulations GEM (Computer Modeling Group) to model multiphase flows for CO 2 -EOR Requires detailed information about (1) rock / fluid

12 Developing detailed geologic model work for MRCSP based on seismic and well log data Seismic Interpretation Log and core correlation Geologic Framework Model Porosity Final Geologic Model The modeling integrates seismic and well log data Provides basis for fluids flow models 23 MRCSP Dynamic reservoir simulations Expected Outcome: Full accounting for (1) reservoir geology and (2) compositional phase behavior Strategy: CO 2 -Prophet for initial simulations GEM (Computer Modeling Group) to model multiphase flows for CO 2 -EOR Requires detailed information about (1) rock / fluid properties and (2) production history Can be used for all phases of history matching (primary, CO 2 -EOR, depleted), flood design and production forecasting Possible partial or full coupling of flow, geochemistry, and geomechanics Ave Pres HC POVO SCTR (psi) Dover-33 pressure predictions using IMEX 13n17May13\Dover33_CO2injsch_krmani_25mD_BHP300_current.irf 4, e+6 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Cumulative Gas SC (ft3) 2e+9 2e+9 1e+9 5e+8 0e e e e e Time (Date) Ave Pres HC POVO SCTR Entire Field Solvent Rate SC CO2inj Time (Date) Solvent Rate SC (bbl/d day) 24 12

13 MRCSP Understanding CO 2 -EOR Systemwide operations Data collection and reporting from all fields Compilation and review of historic operations data Systematic calibration of flow meters 30, YTD (end August) Production by Reefs 2500 Oil (BBL) 25,000 20,000 15,000 10, , cted/produced (MMCF) CO 2 Inje 0 Charlton 30/31 EOR Unit Charlton 6 EOR Unit Chester 2 EOR Unit Chester 5 EOR Unit Dover 33 EOR Unit Dover 35 EOR Unit Dover 36 EOR Unit Gross Oil (BBL) 20,037 5,836 28,166 4, ,706 23,982 CO2 Injected (MMCF) CO2 Produced (MMCF) MRCSP Facility-wide CO 2 supply and injection/production history Chester 10 and recycled CO 2 Supply since 2006 and during 2013 Data useful for history matching in models and evaluating CO 2 retention CO2 (MM MCF) CO 2 from Chester 10, Produced and Total at Dover 36 1/1/13 1/11/13 1/21/13 1/31/13 2/10/13 2/20/13 3/2/13 3/12/13 3/22/13 4/1/13 4/11/13 4/21/13 5/1/13 5/11/13 5/21/13 5/31/13 6/10/13 6/20/13 6/30/13 7/10/13 7/20/13 7/30/13 8/9/13 8/19/13 8/29/13 Chester 10 CO2 (MMSCF) CO2 Compr (MMCF) CO2 Prod (MMCF) CO 2 (MMCF) Monthly CO 2 Availability - Chester 10 Pure CO 2, Produced CO 2 and Total CO 2 1/1/06 5/1/06 9/1/06 1/1/07 5/1/07 9/1/07 1/1/08 5/1/08 9/1/08 1/1/09 5/1/09 9/1/09 1/1/10 5/1/10 9/1/10 1/1/11 5/1/11 9/1/11 1/1/12 5/1/12 9/1/12 1/1/13 5/1/13 Pure CO2 (MMCF) CO2 Produced (MMCF) CO2 Compressed (MMCF) 26 13

Monitoring in Active EOR Reefs Work plan approved by DOE Review historical operations Selected piggyback monitoring Model one reef in detail Evaluate mass balance and retention ve Oil (BBL) Cumulativ

6/1/10 11/1/10 4/1/11 9/1/11 2/1/12 7/1/12 12/1/12 5/1/13 10000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Cumulative CO 2 (MMCF) Cumulative Oil (BBL) Cumulative CO2 Produced (MMCF) Cumulative

14 Monitoring in Active EOR Reefs Work plan approved by DOE Review historical operations Selected piggyback monitoring Model one reef in detail Evaluate mass balance and retention ve Oil (BBL) Cumulativ Charlton 30/31 EOR flood began in /1/05 6/1/05 11/1/05 4/1/06 9/1/06 2/1/07 7/1/07 12/1/07 5/1/08 10/1/08 3/1/09 8/1/09 1/1/10 6/1/10 11/1/10 4/1/11 9/1/11 2/1/12 7/1/12 12/1/12 5/1/ Cumulative CO 2 (MMCF) Cumulative Oil (BBL) Cumulative CO2 Produced (MMCF) Cumulative CO2 Injected (MMCF) Net CO2 in Reef (MMCF) 27 MRCSP Outreach Goals Support the large volume injection test Updated communication plan for restructured project Maintain reputation of MRCSP as a neutral and credible source of scientific information on CCS Over 20 Topical Reports available Over 30 Presentations and Briefings available on MRCSP Website Improve public understanding and acceptance of CCS Synthesizing project results into key findings and messages for stakeholders. Increase public understanding of EOR, subsurface activities, and their role in the larger energy mix Speaking at conferences and meeting with trade associations 28 14

15 Site Specific Outreach Activities Maintaining regulatory and community relationships ~250 VSP shot points and 29 artificial reflectors installed on private property Monitoring events and issues that could have a bearing on public views of the project (e.g., shale plays, fracking ). Building upon a broad suite of communications materials and tools to support project Developing new outreach materials Posting Project Snapshots on the MRCSP website Hosting site tours MRCSP Fact Sheet on Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) 29 Knowledge sharing continues to be an important outcome of the MRCSP program FutureGen2.0 geologic storage program Appalachian Basin and Ohio AEP Mountaineer site CO 2 -utilization for EOR and storage options Wellbore integrity assessment Brine disposal options International - World Bank CCUS capacity building in China Hosting delegation visits Sichuan basin storage potential Dialogue with other partnerships 30 15

Geology Teams From Nine States Part of MRCSP to

New York State Museum Pennsylvania Geo Survey

Virginia Geo Survey Maryland Geo Survey 3 131

characterization efforts Adams Well (Deep

Well (Promising Targets) 3D/3C Seismic Data

16 Geology Teams From Nine States Part of MRCSP to Conduct Regional Characterization and Implementation Plans Western Michigan University Indiana University Ohio Geo Survey New York State Museum Pennsylvania Geo Survey Rutgers University University of Kentucky West Virginia Geo Survey Maryland Geo Survey MRCSP Phase III piggy-back geology characterization efforts Adams Well (Deep Geology) Cargas Well (Pipe Conveyed) Cutter Well (Promising Targets) 3D/3C Seismic Data (Niagaran Reefs) 2-D Seismic (Over 200 miles of new lines) MRCSP has done over 10 piggybacks 32 16

17 Finding storage options in Appalachian Basin Battelle is working with oil/gas operators to obtain crucial geologic data for mapping storage zones Funded by Ohio Coal Development Office as a joint effort with MRCSP OCDO piggyback pggy wells Other wells in database (1) Lee Family Trust (2) McCoy (3) Dager (4) Ohio #1 CO2 (5) Devco (6) Miley (7) AEP #1 (8) McKelvey (9) Raynor D #1 (10) #1 Jarrell (11) Georgetown Marine (12) #1 Northstar (13) Adams (14) Silcor (15) Frankovitch (16) Burger Copper Ridge vuggy Dolomite Core MRCSP status and plans MRCSP Phase III injection began Feb ~350K tonnes till Oct in Dover 33 and other active reefs Up to 500,000 tonnes of CO 2 injection planned in Dover 33 depleted reef Additional fields for new CO 2 -EOR tests with ~500,000 tonnes planned >200,000 tonnes injection monitored in active reefs by Oct A period of monitoring after completion of injection Wells to be returned for normal operations by Core Energy at the end 34 17

18 Acknowledgements Work presented here has been conducted by Battelle Geosciences team, our collaborators, and field services providers Projects have been sponsored by The US DOE, The Ohio Coal Development Office, and several companies Neeraj Gupta, Ph.D. Senior Research Leader, Battelle, Columbus, Ohio BUSINESS SENSITIVE 35 18

CO 2 -Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic Storage in the Midwestern USA

CO 2 -Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic Storage in the Midwestern USA McIlvaine Company Webinar August 29, 2013 Neeraj Gupta, Ph.D. Senior Research Leader Battelle, Columbus, Ohio gupta@battelle.org 614-424-3820